ESC
|
csh
|
Filename completion.
|
Section 28.6
|
RETURN
|
csh, sh
|
Execute command.
| |
space
|
csh, sh
|
Argument separator.
| |
TAB
|
csh, sh
|
Argument separator.
| |
TAB
|
bash
|
Completion (in interactive shells).
|
Section 28.6
|
#
|
csh, sh
|
Start a comment.
|
Section 35.1
|
`
|
csh, sh
|
Command substitution (backquotes).
|
Section 28.14
|
"
|
sh
|
Weak quotes.
|
Section 27.12
|
"
|
csh
|
Weak quotes.
|
Section 27.13
|
$var
|
csh, sh
|
Expand variable var.
|
Section 35.3,
Section 35.9
|
${var}
|
csh, sh
|
Same as $
var.
|
Section 35.9
|
$var:mod
|
csh
|
Edit var with modifier
mod
|
Section 28.5
|
${var-default}
|
sh
|
If var not set, use
default.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var:-default}
|
bash
|
If var not set or null, use
default.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var=default}
|
sh
|
If var not set, set it to
default and use that value.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var:=default}
|
bash
|
If var not set or null, set it
to default and use that value.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var+instead}
|
sh
|
If var set, use
instead. Otherwise, null
string.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var:+instead}
|
bash
|
If var set or not null, use
instead. Otherwise, null
string.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var?message}
|
sh
|
If var set, use its value. Else
print message (or default) and
exit.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var:?message}
|
bash
|
If var set or not null, use its
value. Else print message (or
default) and exit.
|
Section 36.7
|
${var#pat}
|
ksh, bash
|
Value of var with smallest
pat deleted from start.
| |
${var##pat}
|
ksh, bash
|
Value of var with largest
pat deleted from start.
| |
${var%pat}
|
ksh, bash
|
Value of var with smallest
pat deleted from end.
| |
${var%%pat}
|
ksh, bash
|
Value of var with largest
pat deleted from end.
| |
${^array}
|
zsh
|
Expand array in place, like
rc_expand_param option.
|
Section 35.9
|
${=spec}
|
zsh
|
Turn on sh_word_split option while
evaluating spec.
|
Section 35.9
|
${~array}
|
zsh
|
Turn on glob_subst option while
evaluating spec.
|
Section 35.9
|
|
|
csh, sh
|
Pipe standard output.
|
Section 1.5, Section 43.1
|
|&
|
csh
|
Pipe standard output and standard error.
|
Section 43.5
|
|&
|
ksh
|
Coroutine.
|
Section 24.4
|
^
|
sh only
|
Pipe character (obsolete).
| |
^
|
csh, bash
|
Edit previous command line.
|
Section 30.5
|
&
|
csh, sh
|
Run program in background.
|
Section 23.2
|
&!
|
zsh
|
Run program in background without job control.
|
Section 23.11
|
&|
|
zsh
|
Run program in background without job control.
|
Section 23.11
|
?
|
csh, sh
|
Match one character.
|
Section 1.13,
Section 33.2
|
*
|
csh, sh
|
Match zero or more characters.
|
Section 1.13,
Section 33.2
|
;
|
csh, sh
|
Command separator.
| |
;;
|
sh
|
End of case element.
|
Section 35.10
|
~
|
csh, ksh, bash
|
Home directory.
|
Section 31.11
|
~user
|
csh, ksh, bash
|
Home directory of user.
|
Section 31.11
|
!
|
csh, bash
|
Command history.
|
Section 30.2
|
!
|
bash, ksh93, zsh
|
Toggle exit status.
|
Section 35.12
|
-
|
zsh
|
Make a login shell.
|
Section 3.19
|
=
|
csh, sh
|
Assignment.
|
Section
35.9,
|
$#
|
csh, sh
|
Number of shell arguments or words in an array.
|
Section
35.20,
|
"$@"
|
sh
|
Original script arguments.
|
Section 35.20
|
$*
|
csh, sh
|
Original script arguments, broken into words.
|
Section 35.20
|
$?
|
sh
|
Status of previous command.
|
Section 35.12
|
$$
|
csh, sh
|
Process identification number.
|
Section 27.12
|
$!
|
sh
|
Process identification number of last background
job.
|
Section 4.15
|
$<
|
csh
|
Read input from terminal.
|
Section 28.9
|
$_
|
bash, ksh, zsh
|
Last argument of previous command.
| |
$n
|
sh
|
Argument n. 1 <= n <= 9
for most shells; bash and ksh93 support ${n} for n >= 10.
| |
$0
|
sh
|
Name of the shell or shell script.
| |
cmd1 && cmd2
|
csh, sh
|
Execute cmd2 if
cmd1 succeeds.
|
Section 35.14
|
cmd1 || cmd2
|
csh, sh
|
Execute cmd2 if
cmd1 fails.
|
Section 35.14
|
$(..)
|
ksh, bash
|
Command substitution.
|
Section 36.24,
Section 28.14
|
. file
|
sh
|
Execute commands from file in
this shell.
|
Section 35.29
|
:
|
sh
|
Evaluate arguments, return true.
|
Section 35.6
|
:
|
sh
|
Separate values in paths.
|
Section 31.5,
Section 35.6
|
:
|
csh
|
Variable modifier.
|
Section 28.5
|
[ ]
|
csh, sh
|
Match range of characters.
|
Section 1.13,
Section 33.2
|
[ ]
|
sh
|
Test.
|
Section 35.26
|
%n
|
csh, ksh, bash, zsh
|
Job number n.
|
Section 23.3
|
(cmd;cmd)
|
csh, sh
|
Run cmd
;
cmd in a subshell.
|
Section 43.7
|
{ }
|
csh, bash
|
In-line expansions.
|
Section 28.4
|
>file
|
csh, sh
|
Redirect standard output.
|
Section 43.1
|
>! file
|
csh
|
Output to file, even if
noclobber set and
file exists.
|
Section 43.6
|
>| file
|
ksh, bash
|
Output to file, even if
noclobber set and
file exists.
|
Section 43.6
|
>>file
|
csh, sh
|
Append standard output.
|
Section 43.1
|
>>! file
|
csh
|
Append to file, even if
noclobber set and
file doesn't exist.
|
Section 43.6
|
<file
|
csh, sh
|
Redirect standard input.
|
Section 43.1
|
<<word
|
csh, sh
|
Read until word, do command and
variable substitution.
|
Section 27.16,
Section 28.13
|
<<\word
|
csh, sh
|
Read until word, no
substitution.
|
Section 27.16
|
<<-word
|
sh
|
Read until word, ignoring
leading TABs.
|
Section 27.16
|
<> file
|
ksh, bash, zsh
|
Open file for writing and
reading.
| |
>& file
|
csh, bash
|
Redirect standard output and standard error to
file.
|
Section 43.5
|
m> file
|
sh
|
Redirect output file descriptor
m to
file.
|
Section 36.16
|
m>> file
|
sh
|
Append output file descriptor m
to file.
| |
m< file
|
sh
|
Redirect input file descriptor
m from
file.
| |
<&m
|
sh
|
Take standard input from file descriptor
m.
| |
>&m
|
sh
|
Use file descriptor m as
standard output.
|
Section 36.16
|
>& -
|
sh
|
Close standard output.
|
Section 36.16
|
m<& -
|
sh
|
Close input file descriptor
m.
|
Section 36.16
|
n>&m
|
sh
|
Connect output file descriptor
n to file descriptor
m.
|
Section 36.16
|
m>& -
|
sh
|
Close output file descriptor
m.
|
Section 36.16
|