2. THE UNIVERSAL WEST: EUROPE BEYOND ITS CHRISTIAN AND WHITE RACE IDENTITY (1840–1882)
The Great Rupture: Ottoman Imagination of a European Model
Ottoman Westernism and the European International Society
The West in Early Japanese Reformist Thought
The Modern Genesis of Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Ideas
3. THE TWO FACES OF THE WEST: IMPERIALISM VERSUS ENLIGHTENMENT (1882–1905)
The Muslim World as an Inferior Semitic Race: Ernest Renan and His Muslim Critics
Yellow Versus White Peril? Pan-Asian Critiques and Conceptions of World Order
Crescent Versus Cross? Pan-Islamic Reflections on the “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis
An Alternative to the West? Asian Observations on the Japanese Model
Defining an Anti-Western Internationalism: Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Visions of Solidarity
Japanese Pan-Asianism After the Russo-Japanese War
5. THE IMPACT OF WWI ON PAN-ISLAMIC AND PAN-ASIANIST VISIONS OF WORLD ORDER
Pan-Islamism and the Ottoman State
The Realist Pan-Islamism of Celal Nuri and İsmail Naci Pelister
Pan-Islamic Mobilization during WWI
Asia as a Site of National Liberation
The Wilsonian Moment and Pan-Islamism
The Wilsonian Moment and Pan-Asianism
Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asianist Perceptions of Socialist Internationalism
“Clash of Civilizations” in the Age of Nationalism
The Weakness of Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asianist Political Projects During the 1920s
7. THE REVIVAL OF A PAN-ASIANIST VISION OF WORLD ORDER IN JAPAN (1931–1945)
Explaining Japan’s Official “Return to Asia”
Withdrawal from the League of Nations as a Turning Point
Asianist Journals and Organizations
Asianist Ideology of the 1930s
Wartime Asian Internationalism and Its Postwar Legacy