INDEX

acidification 4, 63, 77, 103, 168

adaptation 87, 107, 153

affluence 128

Africa 42, 49, 54, 81, 137, 172, 191, 212

aid 191

AIDS 173

air pollution 3, 62, 90, 117, 162

Alaska 117

algae 84, 99

aluminium 149

Amazonia 19, 73, 84, 181

ammonia 3, 8, 58, 70

Antarctica 2, 6, 96, 99, 101, 194

anthropomass 47

aquifers 79

Aral Sea 81

Arctic 96, 105, 116;

haze 103

Aristotle x, 7

asbestos 169

Asia 49, 62, 70, 73, 76, 105, 156, 172, 174, 184, 212

atmosphere 3, 21, 89;

temperature 22, 89, 91, 169

Azolla 8, 68

bacteria 8, 10, 47, 67, 78, 84, 178

Bangladesh 50, 97, 111, 122, 173, 175, 213

basal metabolic rate 44

Bhopal 6

biodiversity 82, 162, 208

biogas 178

biomass 6, 49, 54, 74, 187, 195, 196

biosphere 3, 60, 89, 95, 111, 157, 202, 204;

cycles 56

black boxes 13

Bolivia 112

Borges, J.L. 82

Boulding, K. 132, 168

Brazil 5, 19, 26, 54, 68, 86, 176, 181;

deforestation 19, 74

Calder Hall 56

California 88, 115, 118, 140, 162, 179

Canada 54, 116, 143

carbohydrates 43

carbon cycle 67, 91

carbon dioxide 3, 89, 91;

emissions 19, 76, 91, 117, 195;

see also global warming

cars 3, 113, 132, 145;

see also gasoline

catastrophism 26, 34, 203

chaos 24

charcoal 49, 189

Chernobyl 6, 56, 116

China 5, 19, 26, 27, 95, 138, 200;

crops 68, 135;

economy 165;

energy 54, 126, 178;

food 44, 175, 202;

greenhouse gases 174, 196;

population 42, 47, 51, 54, 200;

farmland loss 67;

water 79, 118, 138, 140

chlorine 100

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 7, 19, 94, 99, 183, 194

civilizations 16, 155, 210

climatic change 21

clouds 22

cogeneration 146

comets 202

computers 14, 21

contingent valuation 164

cooperation 110, 111, 113, 194

copper 57, 149

corn 8, 136, 137, 139, 189

cornucopians 35

Costa Rica 112, 119

crops 46, 71, 97, 134, 139, 178, 187, 198;

residues 8, 54, 178

crude oil 27, 117, 146, 160

dams 63, 64

Darwin, C. 3, 107, 155

debt 112, 191

deforestation 73, 91, 179

Deng, Xiaoping 6, 19

denitrification 8, 67, 95

Desert Shield/Storm 160

desertification 28

dioxin 105

Earth 42, 56, 60, 64, 84, 89, 91, 99, 187, 202, 205

earthworms 71

ecology 11, 87, 154

economics 20, 32, 111, 122, 159

ecosystems 12, 74, 86, 97, 104, 159, 178, 205

education 127

Egypt 26, 68, 171, 179

electricity 3, 131, 143, 184

electrostatic precipitators 4, 168, 183

Ellul, J. 13

Emerson, R.W. 2, 12, 120, 166

emission trading 115

energy:

and the economy 121;

conservation 132, 142, 184;

and farming 46, 47;

intensities 123;

modelling 16;

nuclear 45, 184;

prices 116;

and the quality of life 121;

real cost 160;

resources 49;

solar 56, 176, 186;

use 49, 131, 142, 206

environment:

attitudes 4, 210;

awareness of 4;

dimensions of change 62;

studies of 5, 35, 110

ethanol 187

Ethiopia 214

Europe 2, 4, 63, 70, 77, 103, 116, 123, 143, 149, 168, 195, 212

eutrophication 70

Evans, C. 11

evolution 31, 131, 154, 158, 202

exploration 2

extinction 82, 84, 94, 202

Exxon Valdez 116

farming 47, 134;

organic 68, 134, 156;

sustainable 156

farmland 46;

loss 6, 67

fertilizers 8, 47, 58, 68, 95, 134, 136

finches 155

flexibility 212

Florida 88, 163

fly ash 102, 168

food 43, 165;

see also malnutrition

forecasting 15;

see also modelling

forests 79, 84, 97;

temperate 87;

tropical 73, 180;

see also deforestation

France 56, 77, 128

frogs 27, 29

fuels:

biomass 49, 54;

fossil 49, 91, 104, 117, 148, 207;

see also crude oil

fungi 47, 84, 150, 178

Galapagos 155

gas turbines 148

gasoline 105, 114, 131, 145, 184;

see also cars

Germany 162, 25, 195

glaciers 97

glass 149

global warming 21, 27, 95, 110, 194, 207;

see also greenhouse gases

grasslands 77, 97

greenhouse gases 91, 195

gross domestic product (GDP) 121

gross national product (GNP) 118, 121, 126, 165

growth:

economic 158;

population: 171, 175, 203, 207, 212

health 98, 105, 117

Herbertson, A.J. 4, 12

Hong Kong 47

hope 214

India 26, 27, 47, 50, 54, 173, 196

Indonesia 27, 43, 47, 54

infant mortality 127

insects 84

Iraq 160

iron 58, 149, 189

irrigation 49, 68, 79, 134, 136;

energy costs of 181;

see also water

Israel 81, 140, 160, 183

Japan 47, 129, 143, 146, 148, 158, 185, 193, 196

John Paul II 210

Kenya 135

Kuwait 160

Lake Erie 112

Lao Zi 204

Latin America 62, 73, 74, 105, 162, 172, 174, 212, 214

lead 105

legumes 135, 178;

see also crops

life expectancy 26, 27, 34, 127

lights 143, 145

lipids 43

literacy 127

Los Angeles 42, 105

Lotka, A. 3, 131

malnutrition 44, 169

Malthus, T.R. 40, 206

mammals 77, 84, 88

management 115, 212;

global 199;

limits to 170;

strategies of 133, 166, 208

manure 8

Mars 89, 202

Massachussetts 87

materials 56, 148, 203;

see also resources

Mauna Loa 91

meat 43, 157, 166, 175

mercury 105, 170

methane 94, 97, 117

migration 175

modelling 12, 14, 29, 101

Montreal Protocol 7, 102, 112, 195

mortality 162

natural parks 3, 180

Nepal 50, 54, 62, 173

Netherlands 47, 70, 111

Nigeria 137, 173, 176

nitrates 5, 8, 70, 89, 102, 113

nitrogen 71;

cycle 7, 67;

fertilizers 3, 8, 68, 136;

oxides 5, 94, 105

nitrous oxide 5, 66, 94, 175

noosphere 14

North America 2, 63, 64, 74, 84, 103, 111, 116, 129, 137, 143, 149, 156, 180, 184

North China Plain 79

Ogallalla aquifer 79, 183

OPEC 3, 5, 16, 56

optical fibres 57

oxygen 89

ozone 3, 6, 99, 105, 194

Pakistan 173

paper 148

particulate matter 63, 102, 183

Persian Gulf 160

Peru 179

pesticides 3

Philippines 112, 191

phosphorus 58, 70, 112, 136

photochemical smog 3, 62, 66, 104

photosynthesis 11, 47, 56, 97, 99, 176, 198, 203

photovoltaics 133, 147

phytoplankton 99, 110

plastics 3

platinum 149

political freedom 126

population:

density 47, 68;

fertility 43;

forecasts 42;

global 40;

growth 171, 175, 203, 207, 212

poverty 159, 192

power densities 185

pregnancy 44

prices 26, 114, 160, 209

proteins 43, 68, 170

Puerto Rico 84

purchasing power parities 122, 165;

see also gross domestic product

quality of life 121

recycling 149

reduced tillage 134, 136

reservoirs 63, 64

resources 57, 66;

energy 49;

mineral 57;

water 78

Rhizobium 3, 8, 134

rice 46, 135, 175

Russia 18, 51, 71, 73, 171, 190, 208;

see also USSR

Sahara 27

Sahel 6, 28, 54, 81

Saudi Arabia 51, 78

savings 166

science:

failings of 25;

problems with 11

sea-level rise 27, 97, 111

Sichuan 111, 176

silicon 14

silting 64, 76

Singapore 112

soils 71, 86, 179;

erosion 64, 70;

quality of 71;

see also farmland

South Pole 93

species 79, 178;

endangered 163

stability 86

steel 149

stratosphere 99

Sudan 28

sugar 198

sulphates 97, 102, 113, 169

sulphur dioxide 64, 102, 112, 115, 162, 168, 183

Sun 202

supernovas 202

sustainable development 156, 167

tankers 63, 170

Thoreau, H.D. 37, 56

tubers 127

uncertainties 2, 16, 42, 84, 96, 103, 153, 200, 204

undernutrition 45

understanding:

fragmentation of 13

urbanization 42, 47, 174, 203

urea 8, 70

USA 4, 78, 81, 95, 116, 120, 126, 132, 138, 146, 163, 168, 177, 103, 189, 192;

economic growth 118; 193;

energy 51, 54, 213;

gasoline 13, 149, 184;

greenhouse gases 174, 183;

and the Persian Gulf 160;

deforestation 74;

soil erosion 70

USSR 5, 19, 111, 194, 207;

see also Russia

UV radiation 99

Venus 89

visibility 103

vitamins 43

waste 150, 185;

municipal 148, 185

water 97, 118;

pollution 70, 81, 170;

requirements 47;

resources 78;

use 138

wetlands 77

wheat 46, 135

wilderness 180

wind 147