ACIA. See Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
acid rain, 39
adaptation to global warming, 91-92, 113
aerosols, 40
Africa, 13, 27, 37, 71, 72, 111
agriculture. See farming
air travel, 106-107
Alaska, 69
Algeria, 99
Alps, 21
alternative energy. See renewable energy
aluminum, 29
Amazon, 88
Antarctica, 12, 15, 16, 20, 41, 56, 71, 77
Arctic, 12, 13, 24, 56, 61, 68, 76-77
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA, 2004), 76-77
Arrhenius, Svante August, 38
asphalt, 80
Atlantic Ocean, 20, 36-37, 49, 68-70. See also Gulf Stream
atmosphere, 34-36, 131. See also stratosphere, troposphere
Australia, 13, 19, 21, 29, 71, 72, 73, 94
automobiles. See cars
Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Symposium (2005), 76
Barcelona, 110
barley, 69
Basel, 105
Bay of Fundy, 96
beavers, 69
beetles, 17
forest infestation by, 51, 69, 74
Belgium, 100
birches, 51
Bohr, Niels, 64
British Columbia, 107, 117
Browning, Robert, 24
Byers, Stephen, 9
Canada, 13, 19, 20, 29, 72, 96, 110
carbon dioxide
and fossil fuels, 15, 18, 38, 44
and oceans, 54
and photosynthesis, 59
and temperature, 16-17, 38
as a greenhouse gas, 34-35, 78
atmospheric, 18, 29, 30, 34, 43-45, 47, 58, 67, 79
Carbon Dioxide and Temperature (graph), 15
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Per Capita (chart), 19
Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere (chart), 44
emissions, 18-19, 66-67, 81, 82, 87, 91, 92, 94, 104, 105, 108
sequestration, 99. See also carbon sinks
carbonic acid, 54
carbon sinks, 15, 43-45, 47, 59, 79, 102, 130
caribou, 62
Carlyle, Thomas, 90
cars, 18, 26, 30-31, 39, 82-84, 85, 94, 104-106
Car Free Days, 105, 109, 111
car sharing, 105, 109
fuel cell, 100-101
fuel efficient, 80, 93, 104, 105
hybrid, 65, 88, 94, 95, 104, 105
catalytic converters, 39
cedars, 51
cement. See concrete
cereal crops, 71-72, 101. See also barley, corn, oats, rice
CFCs. See chlorofluorocarbons
chalk, 42
chaos theory, 66
Chernobyl, 87
Chile, 110
China, 13, 17, 19, 21, 28, 31, 72, 75, 83, 85, 95, 102, 109, 111, 112, 113
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 35, 41, 130
Climate Action Network, 134
Climate Ark, 134
Climate Wire, 134
coal, 18, 26, 28, 39, 45, 81, 85, 92, 99. See also fossil fuels
cod, 53
coffee, 72
Colombia, 14
Columbia Glacier, 69
compact fluorescent lightbulbs, 108, 109
computer models. See General Circulation Models
concrete, 29
consumerism, 82
continental shift, 24
Cool Biz, 104, 127
Copenhagen, 105
Copenhagen Accord, 113
copper, 29
coral reefs, 14, 53, 54, 75, 116
corn, 60
Cornwall, 38
Costa Rica, 20
crocodiles, 24
crops. See farming, food crops
crows, 60
cyclones, 130. See also hurricanes, tropical storms
drought, 9, 13, 20, 21, 32, 48, 50-52, 60, 62, 73, 91, 92
DuPont, 92
Earth Summit, 128-29
Ecuador, 71
Egypt, 17
elephants, 25
energy, 29, 30, 32, 81-82, 103. See also renewable energy efficiency, 93, 94, 101, 103-104
Where the World’s Energy Comes From (chart), 81
environmental groups, 106-107
Esso. See ExxonMobil
Europe, 11, 13, 63, 73, 75, 85, 95, 96, 110, 111
2003 heat wave, 9, 48, 76
European Union, 95
Exeter, 76
extinctions, 72-73
farming, 26-28, 47, 54, 55. See also food crops
feedbacks, 47
Fiji, 21
firs, 51
fishing industry, 70
flies, 60
floods, 9, 21, 49-50, 55, 62, 74, 75, 91, 92, 111
food crops, 50-51, 58, 60, 62, 71-72, 78, 101
Ford, Henry, 26
forest fires, 51, 60, 91, 92
in Alaska, 69
in Canada, 20
in Russia, 9
forests, 15, 18, 24, 27, 28, 45, 47, 51, 59, 67, 69, 88-89, 102, 111. See also forest fires
as carbon sinks, 15, 18, 28, 43, 44, 45
fossil fuels, 15, 18, 29, 32, 39, 42, 44, 79, 87, 88, 91, 95, 96, 108, 131. See also coal, natural gas, oil
Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, 38
France, 19
fresh water, 12, 39, 56, 58-59, 62, 63, 71, 74, 75, 78, 91, 101
frogs, 20
frost-free seasons. See growing seasons
fruit trees, 60
fuel cells. See hydrogen fuel cells
Fukushima, 87
Ganges River, 55
gas. See gasoline, methane, natural gas
gasoline, 39, 80, 88, 94. See also oil
General Circulation Models (GCMs), 65-66, 101, 131
General Electric, 92-93
geothermal energy, 79, 95, 96-98, 110, 131
glaciers, 12, 20, 21, 25, 38, 39, 56, 58, 64, 101
glass, 29
Glen Canyon Dam, 13
Global Temperature Record (graph), 10
global warming
adaptation to, 91-92
and human activity, 11, 22-23, 34-35
and ozone, 41
and smog, 39
and tropical storms, 9, 49
caused by natural forces, 22, 24
definition of, 131
overall effect on humans, 77
rapid rate of, 11
technological solutions to, 98, 101
grapes, 59
grasshoppers, 51
Great Barrier Reef, 72. See also coral reefs
Great Britain, 19, 20, 70, 76, 93, 107
Greenhouse Effect, 34-37, 38, 131
greenhouse gases, 10, 34-35, 36, 49. See also carbon dioxide, CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, water vapor
emissions, 65, 67, 70, 78, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 94, 97, 103, 131
Kyoto Protocol, 112-13
Greenpeace, 106-107
growing seasons, 21, 27, 59, 69, 72
Hadley Centre, 76
heat waves, 9, 48, 62, 91
2003 in Europe, 48, 76
hippos, 25
Hoover Dam, 13
humans, 61-62, 66-67. See also population
history of, 25-32
overall effect of global warming on, 73, 77
hurricanes, 20, 49, 131. See also tropical storms
Katrina, 9
hybrid cars. See cars
hydrocarbons, 18
hydrogen fuel cells, 92, 95, 96, 99-101, 111, 131
hydrologic cycle, 34, 38-40, 49, 50, 131
hydro power, 32, 71, 81, 109, 131
ice, 12, 20, 25, 47, 55-57, 68. See also
albedo, glaciers, sea ice, West Antarctic Ice Sheet
icebergs, 17
Iceman, 57
IEA. See International Energy Agency
Industrial Revolution, 14, 26, 29, 131
insects, 51, 60, 73. See also beetles, mosquitoes
insurance companies, 65
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 10, 13, 68, 73, 76, 77, 122, 124, 131, 133
International Energy Agency (IEA), 85, 86, 121-22
Ireland, 38
iron, 29
James Bay, 38
Japan, 19, 30, 85, 87, 101, 102
jet effluent trails, 107
jet stream, 131
Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier, 120
Katrina (hurricane), 9
Kyoto Protocol, 112-13
Labrador, 70
Lake Mead, 13
Lake Powell, 13
landfills, 34
Latin America. See Central America, South America
lead, 29
leaf pores, 17
livestock, 60
Lovelock, James, 46
Los Angeles, 9
Maathai, Wangari, 111
Madison, 105
Maine, 110
malaria, 73. See also mosquitoes
Malaysia, 94
marine ecosystems, 61. See also coral reefs
Michigan, 100
migration, 14, 60-63, 72, 73, 91
Mobility Weeks, 105
Mongolia, 111
monsoons, 131. See also hurricanes, tropical storms
mountain regions, 12, 14, 40, 55, 58-59, 61, 71
mummies, 57
natural gas, 18, 28, 34, 45, 81, 106. See also fossil fuels
Nepal, 21
Nevada, 98
New Jersey, 100
New Orleans, 9
New York City, 55
Nile River, 75
nitrogen, 34
nitrous oxide, 35
North America, 13, 25, 27, 29, 30, 36, 51, 52, 71, 72, 73, 96, 104
northern hemisphere, 12, 21, 68
Northwest Passage, 74
nuclear energy, 32, 81, 86, 87
oaks, 51
oats, 69
oceans, 24, 36, 40, 41, 99. See also coral reefs, plankton, sea ice, sea levels, thermohaline circulation
as carbon sinks, 43-45
currents, 36-38, 46, 56, 68-70
warming, 13-14, 49, 52-55
oil, 18, 26, 30, 45, 56, 80, 81, 88, 93, 94, 95, 96. See also fossil fuels
Oregon, 94
Orlando, 100
Pakistan, 9
Paris, 105
Pennsylvania, 26
Pentagon, 62
permafrost, 10, 57-58, 69, 77, 131. See also tundra
Peru, 74
Philadelphia, 110
Philippines, 27
plants, 47, 50-51, 59-60. See also food crops
shifting ranges, 14, 59-60, 71-72
polar regions, 12, 14, 38, 47, 55, 61, 67
population, 26, 27, 31, 32, 35, 50, 54, 62, 67, 81
World Population Then and Now (chart), 31
potatoes, 60
poverty line, 84
precipitation, 33, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56-57, 58, 71, 72, 75
predation, 60
Prince Edward Island, 96
public transit, 93, 104, 105, 109
Quelccaya Ice Cap, 74
rainfall. See precipitation
rainforests. See forests
rats, 60
renewable energy, 79, 80, 81, 86-87, 92, 94, 95-98, 109, 132. See also biomass, geothermal energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy
rock carvings, 17
Russia, 9, 27, 87. See also Siberia
Rwanda, 71
Sacramento, 100
Sahara, 17
salmon, 53
Samoa, 21
Saskatchewan, 99
Science and Development Network, 133
sea levels, 14, 25, 38, 50, 54-55, 68, 70, 73, 74, 91, 110
sea sediments, 7
sequestration. See carbon sequestration
Shell Oil, 98
Shetland Isles, 96
shipping lanes, 56
soil, 59
solar activity, 22, 24, 33, 39, 66, 80
solar energy, 79, 86, 92, 95, 98, 105, 107, 109, 110
southern hemisphere, 12
Southwest (US), 13
Spanish flu, 57
spider mites, 51
sports utility vehicles. See SUVs
steam engine, 16, 26, 28. See also Industrial Revolution
steel, 29
Stockholm, 96
Stop Esso Day, 107
storms, 60, 62. See also tropical storms
Sumeria, 17
sun. See solar activity
Sweden, 19
Taipei, 111
technological solutions to global warming, 98, 101
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 33
THC. See thermohaline circulation
temperatures, 33, 40, 46, 47
and carbon dioxide, 15, 16, 38
and sex determination, 61
during last ice age, 11
Global Temperature Record (graph), 10
measuring, 16
rising, 11, 46, 67-68
Warmest Years on Record (chart), 11, 68
thermohaline circulation (THC), 36-38, 132
map, 37
Thoreau, Henry David, v
tidal energy, 96
tin, 29
Titusville, 26
tomatoes, 59
Toronto, 100
Trans Alaska Pipeline, 69
tree rings, 17
tropical storms, 9, 48, 49. See also cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons
tundra, 34, 58, 132. See also permafrost
turtles, 61
Tuvalu, 70
typhoons, 130. See also hurricanes, tropical storms
Uganda, 72
ultraviolet radiation, 41
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 13, 133
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 129
United States, 9, 13, 18-19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 62, 85, 88, 93, 94, 102, 113
Unst, 96
Utah, 98
Vancouver, 100
vegetation belts. See plants
volcanic activity, 22, 24, 43, 66
WAIS. See West Antarctic Ice Sheet
warming. See also global warming, temperatures
human-induced, 14-15
Warmest Years on Record (chart), 11
Warming Around the World (map), 20-21
water. See fresh water, pollution
weather, 36, 46, 132
extreme, 48, 91
weather stations, 16
weeds, 59
West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), 68, 76, 77
Western culture, 82
wilderness corridors, 91
wildlife preserves, 91
wind energy, 65, 79, 80, 86, 88, 95-98, 109, 110, 111
World Glacier Monitoring Service, 12
World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 13
World War II, 28
World Wildlife Fund, 106
Yangtze River, 111
Yellow River, 21