Notes

Chapter 1: Shots Fired

1 Associated Press, Clinton Adviser Connects Trump’s Long-Time Aide to WikiLeaks, Fortune, October 12, 2016, http://fortune.com/2016/10/11/clinton-john-podesta-roger-stone-wikileaks-russia/

2 Julian Hattem, Michelle Obama’s passport, White House planning materials leaked, The Hill, September 22, 2016, http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297207-michelle-obamas-passport-white-house-planning-materials-leaked

3 Luke Harding, Stephanie Kirchgaessner, Nick Hopkins, British spies were first to spot Trump team’s links with Russia, The Guardian, April 13, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/apr/13/british-spies-first-to-spot-trump-team-links-russia

4 William Mansell, Who Is George Papadopoulos? Read Indictment After Former Trump Aide Pleads Guilty, International Business Times, October 30, 2017, http://www.ibtimes.com/who-george-papadopoulos-read-indictment-after-former-trump-aide-pleads-guilty-2608099

5 Robert Windrem, Guess Who Came to Dinner with Flynn and Putin, NBC News, April 18, 2017, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/guess-who-came-dinner-flynn-putin-n742696

6 Rick Noak, How a Dutch intelligence agency secretly hacked into the Kremlin’s most notorious hacking group, Independent, January 28, 2018, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/netherlands-dutch-russia-kremlin-united-states-robert-mueller-intelligence-agencies-cozy-bear-aivd-a8181046.html

7 Huib Modderkolk, Dutch agencies provide crucial intel about Russia’s interference in US-elections, De Volkskrant, January 25, 2018, https://www.volkskrant.nl/media/dutch-agencies-provide-crucial-intel-about-russia-s-interference-in-us-elections~a4561913/

8 Mike Eckel, Ex-CIA Chief Brennan Complained to FSB Director in August Of Election Meddling, RadioFree Europe RadioLiberty, May 23, 2017, https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-russia-brennan-fsb-election-meddling-collusion/28504859.html

9 Steve Benen, CIA warned lawmakers about Russia’s pro-Trump efforts last summer, MSNBC, April 7, 2017, http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/cia-warned-lawmakers-about-russias-pro-trump-efforts-last-summer

10 Eric Bradner, Former top CIA official: Putin wants Trump to win, CNN, September 11, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/11/politics/michael-morell-donald-trump-putin-russia/index.html

11 Mike Eckel, Ex-CIA Chief Brennan Complained to FSB Director in August Of Election Meddling, RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty, May 23, 2017, https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-russia-brennan-fsb-election-meddling-collusion/28504859.html

12 Ellen Nakashima, U.S. Government Officially Accuses Russia of Hacking Campaign to Interfere with Elections, The Washington Post, October 7, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-government-officially-accuses-russia-of-hacking-campaign-to-influence-elections/2016/10/07/4e0b9654-8cbf-11e6-875e-2c1bfe943b66_story.html?utm_term=.6409fb7871ab

13 Ellen Nakashima, U.S. Government Officially Accuses Russia of Hacking Campaign to Interfere with Elections, The Washington Post, October 7, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-government-officially-accuses-russia-of-hacking-campaign-to-influence-elections/2016/10/07/4e0b9654-8cbf-11e6-875e-2c1bfe943b66_story.html?utm_term=.6409fb7871ab

14 Evan Perez, Shimon Prokupecz, Wesley Bruer, Feds Believe Russians Hacked Florida Election Systems Vendor, CNN, October 12, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/12/politics/florida-election-hack/index.html

15 Mike Levine, Pierre Thomas, Russian Hackers Targeted Nearly Half of States’ Voter Registration Systems, Successfully Infiltrated 4, ABC News, September 29, 2016, http://abcnews.go.com/US/russian-hackers-targeted-half-states-voter-registration-systems/story?id=42435822

16 Aaron Blake, The Final Trump-Clinton Debate Transcript, Annotated, The Washington Post, October 19, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/19/the-final-trump-clinton-debate-transcript-annotated/?utm_term=.c54ddc7619c6#annotations:10669010

17 Frank Newport Lisa Singh, Stuart Soroka, Michael Traugott, Andrew Dugan, Email Dominates What Americans Have Heard About Clinton, Gallup News, September 19, 2016, http://news.gallup.com/poll/195596/email-dominates-americans-heard-clinton.aspx

18 Andrew Solomon, Travel as Antidote to Xenophobia, The Boston Globe, May 12, 2016, https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/05/11/travel-antidote-xenophobia/ZMwdqxXi24bSPbLUM0rMxI/story.html

Chapter 2: Reporting to Moscow

1 Alexander Hamilton, Enclosure (Objections and Answers Respecting the Administration), Founders Online, August 18, 1972, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-12-02-0184-0002

2 Michael S. Schmidt, Comey Memo Says Trump Asked Him to End Flynn Investigation, The New York Times, May 16, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/16/us/politics/james-comey-trump-flynn-russia-investigation.html

3 Reuters, Comey Infuriated Trump with Refusal to Preview Senate Testimony: Aides, Reuters, May 10, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/10/comey-infuriated-trump-with-refusal-to-preview-senate-testimony-aides.html

4 CNN, Trump’s Letter Firing FBI Director Comey, CNN, May 10, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/09/politics/fbi-james-comey-fired-letter/index.html

5 Erik Ortiz, Trump Defends Comey Firing, Mocks Democrats for Playing ‘So Sad,’ NBC News, May 10, 2017, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-defends-comey-firing-mocks-democrats-playing-so-sad-n757281

6 Erik Ortiz, Trump Defends Comey Firing, Mocks Democrats for Playing ‘So Sad,’ NBC News, May 10, 2017, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-defends-comey-firing-mocks-democrats-playing-so-sad-n757281

7 Erik Ortiz, Trump Defends Comey Firing, Mocks Democrats for Playing ‘So Sad,’ NBC News, May 10, 2017. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-defends-comey-firing-mocks-democrats-playing-so-sad-n757281

8 Doug Stanglin, Trump’s Meeting with Russians Closed to U.S. Media, Not to TASS Photographer, USA Today, May 10, 2017, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/05/10/trumps-meeting-russians-closed-us-media-but-not-tass-photographer/101520384/

9 Matt Apuzzo, Maggie Haberman, Matthew Rosenberg, Trump Told Russians That Firing ‘Nut Job’ Comey Eased Pressure from Investigation, The New York Times, May 19, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/us/politics/trump-russia-comey.html

10 Sabrina Siddiqui, Ben Jacobs, Donald Trump ‘Shared Highly Classified Information with Russian Officials,’ Guardian, May 16, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/15/donald-trump-shared-classified-information-russia-white-house-report

11 NBC News, Lester Holt’s Extended Interview with President Trump, NBC News, May 11, 2017, https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/pres-trump-s-extended-exclusive-interview-with-lester-holt-at-the-white-house-941854787582

12 Ali Vitali, Corky Siemaszko, Trump Interview with Lester Holt: President Asked Comey If He Was Under Investigation, NBC News, May 11, 2017, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-reveals-he-asked-comey-whether-he-was-under-investigation-n757821

13 Eugene Scott, Trump Threatens Comey in Twitter Outburst, CNN, May 12, 2017, http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/12/politics/donald-trump-james-comey-threat/index.html

14 Michael Schmidt, Maggie Haberman, Trump Ordered Mueller Fired, but Backed Off When White House Counsel Threatened to Quit, New York Times, January 25, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-mueller-special-counsel-russia.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news

15 Peter Baker, Michael S. Schmidt, Maggie Haberman, Citing Recusal, Trump Says He Wouldn’t Have Hired Sessions, New York Times, July 19, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/us/politics/trump-interview-sessions-russia.html

16 Katie Bo Williams, Declassified report: Putin ordered election interference to help Trump, The Hill, January 6, 2017, http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/313108-declassified-report-putin-ordered-election-interference-to-help

17 Natasha Bertrand, Paul Manafort, Rick Gates, indicted in Mueller probe, plead not guilty, Business Insider, October 30, 2017, http://www.businessinsider.com/paul-manafort-indicted-by-special-counsel-robert-mueller-and-told-to-surrender-2017-10

Chapter 3: Make Russia Great Again

1 Fiona Hill, Clifford G. Gaddy, Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin, Brooking Institute press (Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press, 2013), https://static.squarespace.com/static/538f6712e4b0c1af61fbb317/t/53d27f17e4b0498d331ad768/1406304023526/MrPutin.pdf

2 Andrei P. Tsygankov, Russia’s Foreign Policy: Change and Continuity in National Identity (United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2013), pg. 28

3 Fiona Hill, Clifford G. Gaddy, Vladimir Putin’s Risky Ploy to Manufacture History, The Atlantic, January 12, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/vladimir-putins-risky-ploy-to-manufacture-history/251269/

4 Fiona Hill, Clifford G. Gaddy, Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin (Washington, DC, The Brookings Institution, 2013), pg. 10

5 Michael Wines ‘None of Us Can Get Out’ Kursk Sailor Wrote, New York Times, October 27, 2000, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/world/none-of-us-can-get-out-kursk-sailor-wrote.html

6 Gleb Pavlovsky, Interview with Gleb Pavlovsky, The Putin Files, Frontline, July 13, 2017, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/gleb-pavlovsky/

7 Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S.––Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), pg. 82-96

8 D. Eglitis, The Baltic Countries: Changes and Challenges in the New Europe, in Central & East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy, eds. SL Wolchik & JL Curry (London: Roman & Littlefield, 2015), pg. 322

9 Angela E. Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S.––Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), pg. 103-118

10 Samuel Charap, Timothy J. Colton, Everyone Loses: The Ukraine Crisis and the Ruinous Contest for Post-Soviet Eurasia, The International Institute for Strategic Studies (New York: Routledge, 2017), pg. 89

11 Christian Neef, Matthias Schepp, Medvedev’s Betrayal of Russian Democracy, October 4, 2011, Spiegel Online, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/the-puppet-president-medvedev-s-betrayal-of-russian-democracy-a-789767.html

12 Samuel Charap, Timothy J. Colton, Everyone Loses: The Ukraine Crisis and the Ruinous Contest for Post-Soviet Eurasia, The International Institute for Strategic Studies (New York: Routledge, 2017), pg. 91-94

13 Gleb Pavlosky, Interview with Gleb Pavlovsky, The Putin Files, Frontline, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/gleb-pavlovsky/

14 Samuel Charap, Timothy J. Colton, Everyone Loses: The Ukraine Crisis and the Ruinous Contest for Post-Soviet Eurasia (New York: Routledge, 2017), pg. 118-122

15 Gleb Pavlovsky, Interview with Gleb Pavlovsky, The Putin Files, Frontline, July 13, 2017, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/gleb-pavlovsky/

16 The Economist, Igor Sechin, head of Rosneft, is powerful as never before, The Economist, December 15, 2016, https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21711921-russian-oil-king-former-aide-vladimir-putin-and-friend-rex-tillerson-igor-sechin-head

17 Jack Farchy, Igor Sechin: Russia’s second most powerful man, Financial Times, April 28, 2014, https://www.ft.com/content/a8f24922-cef4-11e3-9165-00144feabdc0

18 The Economist, Igor Sechin, head of Rosneft, is powerful as never before, December 15, 2016, https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21711921-russian-oil-king-former-aide-vladimir-putin-and-friend-rex-tillerson-igor-sechin-head

19 Al Jazeera, Russia’s Vladimir Putin Sergei Ivanov, Al Jazeera, August 12, 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/vladimir-putin-dismisses-chief-staff-sergei-ivanov-160812111051560.html

20 Mikhail Fishman, Putin Closes Russia’s Drug Agency, Casts Aside Longtime Supporter Ivanov, Moscow Times, May 19, 2016, https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/putin-closes-russias-drugs-agency-casts-aside-longtime-supporter-ivanov-52936

21 Reuters Staff, Medvedev promotes another Putin KGB ally, Reuters, May 15, 2008, https://in.reuters.com/article/russia-ivanov-appointment/medvedev-promotes-another-putin-kgb-ally-idINL1581146420080515

22 Litvinenko Inquiry Report: Report into the death of Alexander Litvinenko, https://www.litvinenkoinquiry.org/files/Litvinenko-Inquiry-Report-web-version.pdf, pg. 100

23 Susan B. Glasser, Minister No, Foreign Policy, March 29, 2013, http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/29/minister-no/

24 Anthony Cormier, Jeremy Singer-Vine, John Templon, Trump’s longtime lawyer is defending Russia’s biggest bank, BuzzFeed News, March 23, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/anthonycormier/trumps-longtime-lawyer-is-defending-russias-biggest-bank?utm_term=.uvnz29Pbw#.qhYe35PA2

Chapter 4: Putin’s Philosophy

1 Gleb Pavlovsky, Interview with Gleb Pavlovsky, The Putin Files, Frontline, July 13, 2017, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/gleb-pavlovsky/

2 Shaun Walker, Kremlin puppet master’s leaked emails are a price of return to political frontline, The Guardian, October 26, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/kremlin-puppet-masters-leaked-emails-vladislav-surkov-east-ukraine

3 Vladmir Illych Lenin, The Transition from Capitalism to Communism, The State and Revolution, 1917, Marxists.org

4 Peter Pomerantsev, The Hidden Author of Putinism, The Atlantic, November 7, 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/hidden-author-putinism-russia-vladislav-surkov/382489/

5 Tatiana Stanovaya, The Fate of Nashi Movement: Where Will The Kremlin’s Youth Go?, The Institute of Modern Russia, March 26, 2013, https://imrussia.org/en/politics/420-the-fate-of-the-nashi-movement-where-will-the-kremlins-youth-go

6 Peter Pomerantsev, The Hidden Author of Putinism, The Atlantic, November 7, 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/hidden-author-putinism-russia-vladislav-surkov/382489/

7 Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan, The Red Web: The struggle between Russia’s digital dictators and the new online revolutionaries (United States: Public Affairs, 2015), pg. 111

8 Viktor Jerofejev, A Suicide Novel, Central Europe Forum Salon, November 27, 2012, http://salon.eu.sk/en/archiv/9151

9 Yuliya Komska, Can The Kremlin’s Bizarre Sci-Fi Stories Tell Us What Russia Really Wants?, Pacific Standard, April 15, 2014, https://psmag.com/social-justice/can-kremlins-bizarre-sci-fi-stories-tell-us-russia-really-wants-78908

10 Shaun Walker, Kremlin puppet master’s leaked emails are a price of return to political frontline, The Guardian, October 26, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/kremlin-puppet-masters-leaked-emails-vladislav-surkov-east-ukraine

11 James Heiser, Putin’s Rasputin: The Mad Mystic Who Inspired Russia’s Leader, Breitbart, June 10, 2014, http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2014/06/10/putin-s-rasputin-the-mad-mystic-who-inspired-putin/

12 Anton Shekhovtsov, The Palingenetic Thrust of Russian Neo-Eurasianism: Ideas of Rebirth in Aleksandr Dugin’s Worldview, December 2018, http://www.academia.edu/194083/The_Palingenetic_Thrust_of_Russian_Neo-Eurasianism_Ideas_of_Rebirth_in_Aleksandr_Dugins_Worldview

13 Jack Gilbert, We spoke to the man who’s been labelled ‘Putin’s brain,’ Vice, April 28, 2014, https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/3b7a93/aleksandr-dugin-russian-expansionism

14 Jack Gilbert, We spoke to the man who’s been labelled Putin’s Brain, Vice, April 28, 2014, https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/3b7a93/aleksandr-dugin-russian-expansionism

15 Alexander Dugin, Eurasian Mission: An Introduction to Neo-Eurasianism (United Kingdom: Arktos Media, 2014)

16 Alexander Dugin, Russian Geopolitician: Trump Is Real America, Katehon, February 02, 2016, http://katehon.com/article/russian-geopolitician-trump-real-america

17 Aleksandr Dugin, Dugin’s Guideline—In Trump We Trust, Katehon Think Tank, March 4, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOWIoMtIvDQ

18 Aleksandr Dugin, Dugin’s Guideline—In Trump We Trust, Katehon Think Tank, March 4, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOWIoMtIvDQ

19 Aleksandr Dugin, Donald Trump’s Victory, Katehon Think Tank, November 10, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEQlNJdR8jo

20 Aleksandr Dugin, Donald Trump’s Victory, Katehon Think Tank, November 10, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEQlNJdR8jo

21 Aleksandr Dugin, Donald Trump’s Victory, Katehon Think Tank, November 10, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEQlNJdR8jo

22 Aleksandr Dugin, Dugin’s Guideline—In Trump We Trust, Katehon Think Tank, March 4, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOWIoMtIvDQ

23 Owen Matthews, The Kremlin’s Campaign to Make Friends, Newsweek, February 16, 2015, http://www.newsweek.com/2015/02/27/kremlins-campaign-make-friends-307158.html

24 Ionut Illascu, Russian hackers leak list of pro-Russian influence group made of high-profile European individuals, Softpedia News, December 4, 2014, http://news.softpedia.com/news/Russian-Hackers-Leak-List-of-Pro-Russian-Influence-Group-Made-of-High-Profile-European-Individuals-466418.shtml

25 Andrew Osborn, As if Things Weren’t Bad Enough, Russian Professor Predicts End of U.S, Wall Street Journal, December 29, 2008, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123051100709638419

26 Andrew Osborn, As if Things Weren’t Bad Enough, Russian Professor Predicts End of U.S, Wall Street Journal, December 29, 2008, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123051100709638419

27 Andrew Osborn, As if Things Weren’t Bad Enough, Russian Professor Predicts End of U.S, Wall Street Journal, December 29, 2008, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123051100709638419

28 Robert O’Harrow, Jr., Shawn Boburg, During His Political Rise, Stephen K. Bannon Was a Man with No Fixed Address, The Washington Post, March 11, 2017, www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/during-his-political-rise-stephen-k-bannon-was-a-man-with-no-fixed-address/2017/03/11/89866f4c-0285-11e7-ad5b-d22680e18d10_story.html?utm_term=.8b6a2ebf76fe.

29 Joshua Green, This Man Is the Most Dangerous Political Operative in America, Bloomberg Politics, October 8, 2015, www.bloomberg.com/politics/graphics/2015-steve-bannon/.

30 Shawn Boburg, Emily Rauhala, Stephen K. Bannon Once Guided a Global Firm That Made Millions Helping Gamers Cheat, The Washington Post, August 4, 2017, www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/steve-bannon-once-guided-a-global-firm-that-made-millions-helping-gamers-cheat/2017/08/04/ef7ae442-76c8-11e7-803f-a6c989606ac7_story.html?utm_term=.b148f97309bd

31 Steve Bannon’s Would-Be Coalition of Christian Traditionalists, Yahoo, March 23, 2017, https://www.yahoo.com/news/steve-bannons-coalition-christian-traditionalists-085000579.html

32 Ronald Radosh, Steve Bannon, Trump’s Top Guy, Told Me He Was ‘a Leninist,’ The Daily beast, August 22, 2016, https://www.thedailybeast.com/steve-bannon-trumps-top-guy-told-me-he-was-a-leninist

Chapter 5: A Rising Russia, a Failing America

1 Gary Kasparov, Twitter: @kasparov63, 2018, https://twitter.com/Kasparov63

2 Jack Farchy, Putin names NATO among threats in new Russian security strategy, Financial Times, January 2, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/6e8e787e-b15f-11e5-b147-e5e5bba42e51

3 Matthew N. Janeczko, The Russian Counterinsurgency Operation in Checnya Part 2: Success, But At What Cost? 1999-2004, Small Wars Journal, November 2, 2012, http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-russian-counterinsurgency-operation-in-chechnya-part-2-success-but-at-what-cost-1999

4 Julia Ioffe, Why Many Young Russians See a Hero in Putin, National Geographic, December 2016, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/12/putin-generation-russia-soviet-union/

5 The Economist, Putin’s New Model Army, The Economist, May 24, 2014, https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21602743-money-and-reform-have-given-russia-armed-forces-it-can-use-putins-new-model-army

6 John Simpson, Russia’s Crimea Plan Detailed, Secret, and Successful, BBC, March 19, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26644082

7 Bettina Renz, Hanna Smith, Russia and Hybrid Warfare: Definitions, Capabilities, Scope, and Possible Responses, Finnish Prime Minister’s Office, January 2016, https://www.stratcomcoe.org/download/file/fid/4920

8 Defense Intelligence Agency, Russia: Military Power, Building a Military to Support Great Power Aspirations, Defense Intelligence Agency, June 28, 2017, http://www.dia.mil/Portals/27/Documents/News/Military%20Power%20Publications/Russia%20Military%20Power%20Report%202017.pdf

9 Andrew Osborn, Putin, in Syria, Says Mission Accomplished, Orders Partial Russian Pull-Out, Reuters, December 11, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-putin/putin-in-syria-says-mission-accomplished-orders-partial-russian-pull-out-idUSKBN1E50X1

10 Carlo Jose Vicente Caro, Moscow’s Historical Relations with Damascus: Why It Matters Now, Huffington Post, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/carlo-caro/moscows-historical-relati_b_9065430.html

11 Henry Austin, Russia Threatens to Retaliate Against U.S. Forces in Syria, Independent, September 21, 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/russia-us-syria-war-putin-trump-target-forces-retaliate-latest-a7960376.html

12 President of Russia, Expanded Meeting of the Defense Ministry Board, President of Russia, December 22, 2016, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53571

13 Ryan Browne, U.S. Launches Long-Awaited Missile Defense Shield, CNN, May 12, 2016, https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/11/politics/nato-missile-defense-romania-poland/index.html

14 Jeremy Bender, The Hazing Epidemic That’s Holding Back Russia’s Military, Business Insider, May 29, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/hazing-is-holding-back-russias-military-2014-5

15 The Economist, War Games, The Economist, October 29, 2009, http://www.economist.com/node/14776852

16 Ken Gude, How Putin Undermines Democracy in the West, Chapter and Verse, Newsweek, March 18, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/how-putin-undermines-democracy-west-chapter-and-verse-568607

17 Yury E. Federov, Continuity and Change in Russia’s Policy Toward Central and Eastern Europe, Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46 (2013), pg. 323

18 Eglitis, “The Baltic Countries: Changes and Challenges in the New Europe,” pg. 336.

19 Yury E. Federov, Continuity and Change in Russia’s Policy Toward Central and Eastern Europe, September 2013, pg. 323

20 Holly Ellyatt, CNBC, “Putin abandons United Russia party, will run as an independent in 2018 election,” December 14, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/14/putin-to-run-as-an-independent-in-2018-election.html

21 Mikhail Zygar, All the Kremlin’s Men: Inside the Court of Vladamir Putin (United States: Public Affairs, 2016), pg. 64

22 Arkady Ostrovskey, The Invention of Russia: The Rise of Putin and the Age of Fake News (New York: Penguin Books, 2015), pg. 30

23 Denis Grishkin, Rogozin’s Rodina Party Reinstated, The Moscow Times, October 1, 2012, https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/rogozins-rodina-party-reinstated-18170

24 Casey Michel, Russia Wants Texas and Puerto Rico to Secede, Daily Beast, September 24, 2015, https://www.thedailybeast.com/russia-wants-texas-and-puerto-rico-to-secede

25 CDM, Rogozin’s party seeks protection for Shishmakov and Popov, CDM, October 13, 2017, https://www.cdm.me/english/rogozins-party-seeks-protection-shishmakov-popov/

26 Ben Farmer, Surveillance photos show Russian officers plotting Montenegro coup, The Telegraph, August 29, 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/28/surveillance-photos-show-russian-intelligence-officers-plotting/

27 Julie Corwin, Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, “Russia: A Youth Movement Needs a Leader,” April 21, 2005, https://www.rferl.org/a/1058597.html

28 Andrew Osborn, Telegraph, “Pro-Kremlin youth group accused of plagiarizing Goebbels,” November 15, 2010, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8134688/Pro-Kremlin-youth-group-accused-of-plagiarising-Goebbels.html

29 Charles Clover, Black Wind, White Snow (Yale, 2016), pg. 281

30 United States Treasury, “Treasury Announces New Designations of Ukrainian Separatists and Their Russian Supporters,” March 11, 2015, https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl9993.aspx

31 Associated Press, “Inside the radical ‘war camps’ where Russian fighters are born,” October 18, 2016, https://nypost.com/2016/10/18/inside-the-radical-war-camps-where-russian-fighters-are-born/

32 Josephine Huetlin, Russian extremists are training right wing terrorists from Western Europe, The Daily Beast, August 02, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/russian-extremists-are-training-right-wing-terrorists-from-western-europe

33 Andrew Roth, A right-wing militia trains Russians to fight the next war with or without Putin, The Washington Post, January 2, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/a-right-wing-militia-trains-russians-to-fight-the-next-war—with-or-without-putin/2017/01/02/f06b5ce8-b71e-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html?utm_term=.bebb7b794dcc

34 Interview with Stanislav Vorobyov, https://www.zaks.ru/new/archive/view/135459

35 Interview with Stanislav Vorobyov, https://www.zaks.ru/new/archive/view/135459

36 Anton Shekhovtsov, Russian fascist militants give money to Swedish counterparts, September 19, 2015, http://anton-shekhovtsov.blogspot.com/2015/09/russian-fascist-militants-give-money-to.html

37 Justin Spike, suspected neo-Nazi shoots, kills police officer near Gyor, Budapest Beacon, October 26, 2016, https://budapestbeacon.com/suspected-neo-nazi-shoots-kills-police-officer-near-gyor/

38 Dezso Andras, Szabolcs Panyi, Russian diplomats exercised with Hungarian cop killer’s far-right gang, Index, October 28, 2016, https://index.hu/english/2016/10/28/russian_diplomats_exercised_with_hungarian_cop_killer_s_far-right_gang/

39 Pierre Sautreuil, Believe It or Not, Russia Dislikes Relying on Military Contractors, March 9, 2016, War is Boring, warisboring.com/believe-it-or-not-russia-dislikes-relying-on-military-contractors/

40 , Fontanka.ru, November 14, 2013, http://www.fontanka.ru/2013/11/14/060/

41 Feral Jundi, Cool Stuff: A Russian Contractor Gives the Low Down on His Industry, Feral Jundi, July 30, 2015, http://feraljundi.com/2015/07/30/cool-stuff-a-russian-contractor-gives-the-low-down-on-his-industry/

42 Feral Jundi, Industry Talk: The Slavonic Corps–A Russian PMSC In Syria, Feral Jundi, January 14, 2014, http://feraljundi.com/2014/01/14/industry-talk-the-slavonic-corps-a-russian-pmsc-in-syria/

43 Pierre Sautreuil, Believe It or Not, Russia Dislikes Relying on Military Contractors, March 9, 2016, War is Boring, warisboring.com/believe-it-or-not-russia-dislikes-relying-on-military-contractors/

44 Andrew E. Kramer, Russia Deploys a Potent Weapon in Syria: The Profit Motive, New York Times, July 5, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/world/middleeast/russia-syria-oil-isis.html

45 Zakharova Downplays Armed Clash with Americans in Syria, Kremlin-linked Audio Recordings Contradict Her Story, February 16, 2018, Polygraph.info, https://www.polygraph.info/a/us-wagner-russia-syria-scores-killed/29044339.html

46 Aaron Mehta, Mattis: Unclear if Russia Directed Attack Against U.S. Allies in Syria, Military Times, February 18, 2018, https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2018/02/17/mattis-unclear-if-russia-directed-attack-against-us-allies-in-syria/

47 Zakharova Downplays Armed Clash with Americans in Syria, Kremlin-linked Audio Recordings Contradict Her Story, February 16, 2018, Polygraph.info, https://www.polygraph.info/a/us-wagner-russia-syria-scores-killed/29044339.html

Chapter 6: Active Measures

1 Soviet Active Measures: Hearings before the Subcommittee on European Affairs of The Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, September 12 and 13, 1985, http://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/gates/017_excerpt.pdf

2 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, New York: Basic Books, 1999), pg. 10

3 Susan B. Glasser, Ex-Spy Chief: Russia’s Election Hacking Was an ‘Intelligence Failure,’ Politico Magazine, December 11, 2017, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/12/11/the-full-transcript-michael-morell-216061

4 Secret Police, Revelations from the Russian Archives: Internal Workings of the Soviet Union, Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/intn.html

5 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, New York: Basic Books, 1999), pg. 10

6 Amy Knight, The KGB, Perestroika, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union, Journal of Cold War Studies 5, no. 1 (Winter 2003), pg. 67-93.

7 Tennent H. Bagley, Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief (SkyHorse, 2013), pg. 171

8 Tennent H. Bagley, Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief (SkyHorse, 2013), pg. 172

9 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, New York: Basic Books, 1999), pg. 144

10 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, New York: Basic Books, 1999), pg. 144

11 Tennent H. Bagley, Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief (SkyHorse, 2013), pg. 167

12 Tennent H. Bagley, Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief (SkyHorse, 2013), pg. 167

13 John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (Bantam Books, 1974), pg. 226

14 Testimony of Stanislav Levchenko, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence—House of Representatives, July 14, 1982, http://njlaw.rutgers.edu/collections/gdoc/hearings/8/82603795/82603795_1.pdf

15 Soviet Active Measures, Testimony before the House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 97th Congress, July 13, 1982 (statement of John McMahon), pg. 35

16 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, New York: Basic Books, 1999), pg. 215

17 Ladislav Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View (Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985), pg. 25

18 Ladislov Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View (Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985), pg. 47

19 Ladislav Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View (Permagon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985), pg. 29

20 Pete Earley, Comrade J: The Untold Secrets of Russia’s Master Spy in America After the End of the Cold War (Penguin Books, 2007), pg. 195

21 Ladislav Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View, (Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985), pg. 56

22 John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (Bantam Books, 1974), pg. 239

23 John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (Bantam Books, 1974), pg. 243

24 Pete Earley, Comrade J: The Untold Secrets of Russia’s Master Spy in America After the End of the Cold War (Penguin Books, 2007), pg. 195

25 Ladislav Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View (Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985), pg. 51

26 Ladislav Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View (Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985), pg. 36

27 The Moscow Times, Shoigu, Lavrov Deny that Crimean Forces are Russian, The Moscow Times, March 5, 2014, https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/shoigu-lavrov-deny-that-crimean-forces-are-russian-32709

28 ABC News, Ukrainian defense ministry says Russian forces have seized missile defense units in Crimea, ABC News, March 5, 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-05/russia/5301724

29 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (Basic Books), pg. 33

30 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (Basic Books), pg. 37

31 Christopher Andrew, Vasill Mitrokhin, The Sword and Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (Basic Books), pg. 17

32 John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (Bantam Books, 1974), pg. 245

33 Vanora Bennet, Russian Justice Minister Falls Victim to Sex Scandal, Los Angeles Times, June 23, 1997, http://articles.latimes.com/1997-06-23/news/mn-6203_1_justice-minister

34 Robyn Dixon, Kremlin Official Suspended Amid a Sex Scandal, Los Angeles Times, April 3, 1999, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/apr/03/news/mn-23855

35 Julia Ioffe, How State-Sponsored Blackmail Works in Russia, The Atlantic, January 11, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/01/kompromat-trump-dossier/512891/

36 Michael Idov, Ilya Yashin, Katya Garasimova, Russia’s Amazing Drugs and Hookers Sex Scandal, The Daily Beast, March 23, 2010, https://www.thedailybeast.com/ilya-yashin-katya-gerasimova-and-russias-amazing-drugs-and-hookers-sex-scandal

37 Ilya Yashin, , March 23, 2010, http://yashin.livejournal.com/894296.html

38 Julia Ioffe, Bears in a Honey Trap: The Sex Scandal That’s Rocking the Russian Opposition, Foreign Policy, April 28, 2010, http://foreignpolicy.com/2010/04/28/bears-in-a-honey-trap/

39 Claire Berlinsky, Did Britain Fall into Putin’s Trap in Prosecuting a Russian Dissident? National Review, May 11, 2016, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/435238/Russian-dissident-vladimir-bukovsky-sues-uk-government-libel

40 Court filing, Vladimir Bukovsky v Crown Prosecution Service, November 15, 2015, http://c2.nrostatic.com/sites/default/files/Bukovsky%20writ.pdf

41 CNN, U.S. calls purported sex tape ‘doctored’ and ‘smear campaign,’ CNN, September 24, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/09/24/russia.us.sextape/

42 Gregory Crow, Seymour Goodman, S.A. Lebedev and the Birth of Soviet Computing (1994), Annals of History of Computing

43 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, The Red Web: The Kremlin’s War on the Internet (Public Affairs, 2015), pg. 30

44 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, The Red Web: The Kremlin’s War on the Internet (Public Affairs, 2015), pg. 30

45 Los Angeles Times, Hackers found guilty of selling codes, Los Angeles Times, February 15, 1990, http://articles.latimes.com/1990-02-15/news/mn-1231_1_hackers-guilty

46 Daniel Domscheit-Berg, Inside WikiLeaks: My time with Julian Assange at the world’s most dangerous website (New York: Crown Publishers, 2011)

47 Newsweek, We’re in the middle of a cyberwar, September 12, 1999, Newsweek, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/newsweek-exclusive-were-in-the-middle-of-a-cyberwar-74343007.html

48 FBI Indictment, Most Wanted: Evgeniy Mikhailovich Bogachev, March 15, 2017, https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cyber/evgeniy-mikhailovich-bogachev

49 FBI Indictment, Most Wanted: Alexey Belan, March 15, 2017, https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cyber/alexsey-belan

50 FBI Indictment, Most Wanted: Dmitry Aleksandrovich Dukochaev, March 15, 2017, https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cyber/dmitry-aleksandrovich-dokuchaev

51 Pavel Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, Little, Brown, 1994, pg. xxii

52 Pavel Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, Little, Brown, 1994, pg. 3

53 Pavel Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, Little, Brown, 1994, pg. 3

54 Natalya Shulyakovskaya, Korzhakov says bombings were Berezovsky’s doing, Moscow Times, October 28, 1999, http://old.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/tmt/270814.html

55 Lizzie Dearden, Alexander Litvinenko: The three other times Russia suspected of involvement in killings on British Soil, Independent UK, January 22, 2016, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/alexander-litvinenko-the-three-other-times-russia-suspected-of-involvement-in-killings-on-british-a6826796.html

56 Andrew Monaghan, UK & Russia: A troubled relationship, Conflict Studies Research Centre, May 22, 2007, https://www.da.mod.uk/events/the-uk-russia-a-troubled-relationship-part-i

57 Alex Goldfarb, Marina Litvinenko, “Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB,” Free Press, 2007

58 Editorial Staff, Boris Berezovsky wins Litvinenko poison spy libel case, BBC, March 10, 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8559543.stm

59 Alex Goldfarb, Marina Litvinenko, Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB, Free Press, 2007

60 Yelena Dikun, Profile of Boris Nemtsov: Russia’s newest deputy premier, Jamestown Foundation, April 18, 1997, http://jt.codingheads.com/program/profile-of-boris-nemtsov-russias-newest-first-deputy-premier/

61 BBC, Kremlin critic in ammonia attack, March 23, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7959819.stm

62 Staff, Sites of Nemtsov and Milov attacked after publication of new report, June 1, 2010, https://graniru.org/Internet/m.178982.html

63 Boris Nemtsov,“Why Does Putin Wage War on Ukraine,” Kyiv Post, September 1, 2014, https://www.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/op-ed/why-does-putin-wage-war-on-ukraine-362884.html

64 Elana Milchanovska, Sobesednik.ru, February 29, 2015, https://sobesednik.ru/politika/20150228-polnoe-intervyu-nemcova-sobesedniku-esli-by-ya-boyalsya-puti

65 BBC, Boris Nemtsov murder: Who are the suspects?, BBC October 3, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31834026

66 Tom Peck, Vladimir Kara-Murza, a twice-poisoned Russian dissident, says: ‘If it happens a third time, that’ll be it,’ Independent UK, March 18, 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/russian-dissident-vladimir-kara-murza-poisoned-twice-democracy-campaigner-vladimir-putin-a7637421.html

67 Michele Berdy, Top Rosneft Exec Found Dead in Moscow, Moscow Times, December 26, 2016, https://themoscowtimes.com/news/top-rosneft-exec-found-dead-in-moscow-56649

68 Robert Mendick, Mystery death of ex-KGB chief linked to MI6 spy’s dossier on Donald Trump, Telegraph UK, January 27, 2017, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/27/mystery-death-ex-kgb-chief-linked-mi6-spys-dossier-donald-trump/

69 Steele Dossier, Company Intelligence Report 2016/94: Russia: Secret Kremlin Meetings Attended by Trump Advisor, Carter Page in Moscow July 2016

70 Rober Mendick, Telegraph, “Poisoned Russian spy Sergei Skripal was close to consultant who was linked to the Trump dossier,” March 7, 2018, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/07/poisoned-russian-spy-sergei-skripal-close-consultant-linked/

71 BBC, Russian spy: Highly likely Moscow behind attack, says Theresa May, BBC, March 13, 2018, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43377856

72 Shehab Khan, Independent UK, “Video re-emerges of Putin threat that ‘traitors will kick the bucket,’” March 7, 2018, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vladimir-putin-traitors-kick-bucket-sergei-skripal-latest-video-30-pieces-silver-a8243206.html

73 NBC News, “Confronting Russian President Vladimir Putin,” March 10, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1pPkAOZI50

74 Mike Eckel, Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, “Russian State TV host warns ‘traitors’ after Skripal poisoning,” March 8, 2018, https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-skripal-poisoning-russia-tv-warning-traitors-kleimenov/29087407.html

75 Mark Sweney, The Guardian, “Russian broadcaster RT could be forced off UK airwaves,” March 13, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/mar/13/russian-broadcaster-rt-hits-back-at-threat-to-uk-licence

Chapter 7: Fake News

1 Vladimir, Kvachov, http://militera.lib.ru/science/kvachkov_vv/index.html

2 Conceptual Views Regarding the Activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the Information Space, 2011, https://ccdcoe.org/strategies/Russian_Federation_unofficial_translation.pdf

3 Andrey Kartapolov, Lessons of military conflict and prospects for the development of means and methods for conducting them Vestnik Akademii Voennykh Nauk (Bulletin of the Academy of Military Science), No. 2 2015, pg. 28-29

4 Susan B. Glasser, Ex-Spy Chief: Russia’s Election Hacking Was an ‘Intelligence Failure,’ Politico, December 11, 2017, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/12/11/the-full-transcript-michael-morell-216061

5 Soviet Active Measures, Testimony before the House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 97th Congress, July 13, 1982 (statement of John McMahon), pg. 43

6 Soviet Active Measures, Testimony before the House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 97th Congress (July 13, 1982) (statement of John McMahon), pg. 21

7 Arkady Ostrovsky, The Invention of Russia: From Gorbachev’s Freedom to Putin’s War (Viking, 2016) pg. 15

8 Christopher Andrew, Vitali Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (Basic Books, 2005), pg. 340

9 Soviet Active Measures, Testimony before the House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 97th Congress, July 13, 1982 (statement of John McMahon), pg. 38

10 Ladislav Bittman, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider’s View (Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, 1985) pg. 69

11 Christopher Andrew, Vitali Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (Basic Books, 2005), pg. 330

12 Christopher Andrew, Vitali Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (Basic Books, 2005), pg. 333

13 Ellen Mickiewicz, Changing Channels: Television and the Struggle for Power in Russia (Duke University Press, 1997)

14 Soviet Active Measures, Subcommittee on European Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, September 12-13, 1985, http://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/gates/017_excerpt.pdf

15 Gleb Pavlosky, The Putin Files, Frontline, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/gleb-pavlovsky/

16 Soviet Active Measures, Subcommittee on European Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, September 12-13, 1985, http://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/gates/017_excerpt.pdf

17 Rory Carrol, Russia Today news anchor Liz Wahl resigns live on air over Ukraine crisis, The Guardian, March 5, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/06/russia-today-anchor-liz-wahl-resigns-on-air-ukraine

18 Jack Stubbs, Ginger Gibson, Russia’s RT America registers as ‘foreign agent’ in U.S., Reuters, November 13, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-usa-media-restrictions-rt/russias-rt-america-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-u-s-idUSKBN1DD25B

19 Jack Moore, ‘We can’t even hire a stringer,’ Russia Today says its U.S. staff leaving in ‘masses,’ Newsweek, October 6, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/we-cant-even-hire-stringer-russia-today-says-its-us-staff-leaving-masses-679380

20 Laetitia Peron, Russia fights Western ‘propaganda’ as critical media gets squeezed, Yahoo News, November 20, 2014, https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-fights-western-propaganda-critical-media-squeezed-132033487.html

21 Andrew Feinberg, My life at a Russian propaganda network, Politico Magazine, August 21, 2017, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/08/21/russian-propaganda-sputnik-reporter-215511

22 Ben Nimmo, Question That: RT’s Military Mission, Assessing Russia Today’s role as an information weapon, Digital Forensic Research Lab, Atlantic Council, January 8, 2018, https://medium.com/dfrlab/question-that-rts-military-mission-4c4bd9f72c88

23 Ben Nimmo, Question That: RT’s Military Mission, Assessing Russia Today’s role as an information weapon, Digital Forensic Research Lab, Atlantic Council, January 8, 2018, https://medium.com/dfrlab/question-that-rts-military-mission-4c4bd9f72c88

24 Robert Donaldson, Joseph L. Nogee, Vidya Nadkarni, The Foreign Policy of Russia: Changing Systems, Enduring Interests (New York: Routledge, 2001) pg. 456

25 DFRL, #BalticBrief: Enhanced Anti-NATO Narratives Target Enhanced Forward Presence, The Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Science, February 6, 2018, https://medium.com/dfrlab/balticbrief-enhanced-anti-nato-narratives-target-enhanced-forward-presence-fdf2272a8992

26 Macomb Daily, Protestors Throw Rocks at Selfridge Reservists, Macomb Daily, June 3, 2006, http://www.macombdaily.com/article/MD/20060603/NEWS01/306039996

27 Nick Paton Walsh, Protests Threaten NATO War Games, The Guardian, June 12, 2006, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jun/12/ukraine.russia

28 Gregory Warner, Ukraine vs. Fake News, NPR, August 21, 2017, https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=544458898

29 Christopher Paul, Miriam Matthews, The Russian “Firehouse of Falsehood” Propaganda Model: Why It Might Work and Options to Counter It, The RAND Corporation, pg1, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html

30 Bettina Renz, Hanna Smith, Russia and Hybrid Warfare—Going Beyond the Label, Finnish Prime Minister’s Office, January 2016, https://www.stratcomcoe.org/download/file/fid/4920

31 William Cook, Russian Fake News Is Causing Trouble in Latvia, The Spectator, December 2017, https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2017/12/russian-fake-news-is-causing-trouble-in-latvia/

32 James Carstensen, Alleged Russian Hacks, Fake Sites Follow Opening of NATO-EU Center on Hybrid Threats, CNSN News, October 6, 2017, https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/james-carstensen/alleged-russian-hacks-fake-sites-follow-opening-nato-eu-center-hybrid

33 Reuters Staff, Bulgaria Says Will Not Join Any NATO Black Sea Fleet After Russian Warning, Reuters, June 16, 2016, https://www.reuters.com/article/nato-bulgaria-blacksea/bulgaria-says-will-not-join-any-nato-black-sea-fleet-after-russian-warning-idUSL8N19835X

34 Stefan Meister, The “Lisa” Case: Germany as a Target of Russian Disinformation, Nato Review Magazine, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2016/Also-in-2016/lisa-case-germany-target-russian-disinformation/EN/index.htm

Chapter 8: Internet Research Agency & Russian Cyber Weapons

1 Col. S.G. Chekinov, Lt. Gen. S.A. Bogdanov, The Nature and Content of a New-Generation War, Military Thought (English edition), No. 4, 2013, http://www.eastviewpress.com/Files/MT_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.4_2013.pdf

2 Max de Haldevang, Russia’s troll factory also paid for 100 activists in the US, Quartz, October 17, 2017, https://qz.com/1104195/russian-political-hacking-the-internet-research-agency-troll-farm-by-the-numbers/

3 Andrey Soshnikov, BBC, August 15, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/russian/features-37083188

4 RBC, Troll factory spent about $2.3 million to work in the US, October 17, 2017, https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/17/10/2017/59e4eb7a9a79472577375776?from=main

5 Scott Shane, Vindu Goel, Fake Russian Facebook Accounts Bought $100,000 in Political Ads, New York Times, September 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/technology/facebook-russian-political-ads.html

6 Alex Stamos, Facebook, An Update on Information Operations on Facebook, Facebook News, September 6, 2017, https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/

7 Alex Stamos, Facebook, An Update on Information Operations on Facebook, Facebook News, September 6, 2017, https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/

8 Lorand Laskai, Year in Review: Tech Companies Grapple with Disinformation, Council on Foreign Relations, January 2, 2018, https://www.cfr.org/blog/year-review-tech-companies-grapple-disinformation

9 Team99, 29 January 1, 2017, https://team29.org/court/trolls/

10 Konstantin Rykov, Facebook, November 12, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/konstantin.rykov/posts/10210621124674610

11 Nicholas Confessore, Danny Hakim, Data Firm Says, ‘Secret Sauce’ Aided Trump; Many Scoff, The New York Times, March 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/us/politics/cambridge-analytica.html?_r=0

12 REPORT: Hillary’s Emails Hacked by Russia—Kremlin Deciding Whether to Release 20,000 Stolen Emails (VIDEO)

13 “Sorcha Faal,” Kremlin War Erupts Over Release of Top Secret Hillary Clinton Emails, What does it mean.com, May 6, 2017, http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index2036.htm

14 Betsy Woodruff, Trump Data Guru: I tried to team up with Julian Assange, The Daily Beast, October 25, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-data-guru-i-tried-to-team-up-with-julian-assange

15 Craig Silverman, Lawrence Alexander, How Teens in the Balkans Are Duping Trump Supporters with Fake News, Buzzfeed, November 3, 2016, https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.tr5A54RYG#.svVmBQ48d

16 Donie O’Sullivan, What Russian trolls could have bought with $100,000 on Facebook, CNN, September 7, 2017, http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/07/media/what-russian-troll-army-could-buy-facebook-ads/index.html

17 Team99, 29 January 1, 2017, https://team29.org/court/trolls/

18 Craig Silverman, Lawrence Alexander, How Teens in the Balkans Are Duping Trump Supporters with Fake News, Buzzfeed, November 3, 2016, https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.tr5A54RYG#.svVmBQ48d

19 Donie O’Sullivan, What Russian trolls could have bought with $100,000 on Facebook, CNN, September 7, 2017, http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/07/media/what-russian-troll-army-could-buy-facebook-ads/index.html

20 Donie O’Sullivan, Russian trolls created Facebook events seen by more than 300,000 users, CNN, January 26, 2018, http://money.cnn.com/2018/01/26/media/russia-trolls-facebook-events/index.html

21 Ben Collins, Gideon Resnick, Kevin Poulsen, Spencer Ackerman, Exclusive: Russians Appear to Use Facebook to Push Trump Rallies in 17 U.S. cities, Daily Beast, September 20, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/russians-appear-to-use-facebook-to-push-pro-trump-flash-mobs-in-florida

22 Donie O’Sullivan, Drew Griffin, Curt Devine, In an attempt to sow fear, Russian trolls paid for self-defense classes for African Americans, CNN, October 18, 2017, http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/18/media/black-fist-russia-self-defense-classes/index.html

23 Sherdog, Omowale ‘Black Panther’ Adewale Assists Black Fist Self Defense Project (founder interviewed), Sherdog, March 7, 2017, http://forums.sherdog.com/threads/omowale-black-panther-adewale-assists-black-fist-self-defense-project-founder-interviewed.3487585/

24 Robert Booth, Matthew Weaver, Alex Hern, Stacee Smith, Shaun Walker, Russia used hundreds of fake accounts to tweet about Brexit, data shows, The Guardian, November 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/14/how-400-russia-run-fake-accounts-posted-bogus-brexit-tweets

25 Testimony of Sean Edgett, October 31, 2017, https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/4766f54d-d433-4055-9f3d-c94f97eeb1c0/testimony-of-sean-edgett-acting-general-counsel-twitter.pdf

26 Twitter, Update on Results of Retrospective Review of Russian-Related Election Activity, January 19, 2018, https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Edgett Appendix to Responses.pdf

27 Natasha Bertrand, Russia-linked Twitter accounts are working overtime to help Devin Nunes and WikiLeaks, Business Insider, January 19, 2018, http://www.businessinsider.com/release-the-memo-campaign-russia-linked-twitter-accounts-2018-1

28 Jason Schwartz, Russia pushes more ‘deep state’ hashtags, Politico, February 6, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2018/02/06/russia-twitter-hashtags-deep-state-395928

29 US Department of Justice, Louisiana Man Pleads Guilty to Federal Charges for Threatening Pizza Shop in Northwest Washington, January 13, 2017, US Department of Justice, https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/louisiana-man-pleads-guilty-federal-charge-threatening-pizza-shop-northwest-washington

30 Matthew Rosenberg, Trump Adviser Has Pushed Clinton Conspiracy Theories, New York Times, December 5, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/michael-flynn-trump-fake-news-clinton.html

31 Adrian Chen, The Agency, New York Times, June 2, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html

32 Andy Cush, Who’s behind this shady propagandistic Russian photo exhibition? Gawker, October 10, 2014, http://gawker.com/whos-behind-this-shady-propagandistic-russian-photo-ex-1643938683

33 Euromaidan Press, Trolls on tour: How Kremlin money buys Western journalists, Euromaidan Press, August 20, 2015, http://euromaidanpress.com/2015/08/20/trolls-on-tour-how-kremlin-money-buys-western-journalists/#arvlbdata

34 Alex Jones, Twitter, https://twitter.com/realalexjones/status/959119134477955073

35 Sheera Frenkel, The New Handbook for Cyberwar Is Being Written by Russia, Buzzfeed, March 19, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/the-new-handbook-for-cyberwar-is-being-written-by-russia?utm_term=.ihoOrerjo#.uu4XK4KMg

36 Col. S.G. Chekinov, Lt. Gen. S.A. Bogdanov, The Nature and Content of a New-Generation War, Military Thought (English edition), No. 4, 2013, http://www.eastviewpress.com/Files/MT_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.4_2013.pdf

37 Hannes Grassegger, Mikael Krogerus, fake news and botnets: how Russia weaponised the web, The Guardian, December 2,2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/dec/02/fake-news-botnets-how-russia-weaponised-the-web-cyber-attack-estonia

Chapter 9: Hail Hydra!

1 Christian Gysin in Oslo, Simon Tomlinson, Victims were paralysed by fear as I fired: Breivik recounts island youth camp massacre in horrifying detail, The Daily Mail, April 20, 2012, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2132656/Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-Norway-killer-recounts-Utoya-island-massacre-horrifying-detail.html#ixzz5ABjPAJde

2 BBC, Joerg Haider: Key Quotes. BBC News, February 2, 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/628282.stm

3 Aleksandr Dugin, Donald Trump: The Swamp and Fire, Katehon Think Tank, November 16, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRakmMpUJ24

4 Benjamin Haddad, Marine Le Pen ousts her dad, keeps his repulsive French Populist Party, Daily Beast, August 22, 2015, https://www.thedailybeast.com/marine-le-pen-ousts-her-dad-keeps-his-repulsive-french-populist-party

5 Eleanor Beardsley, France’s Marine Le Pen Contends Populism Is the Future, NPR, January 6, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/01/06/508587559/frances-marine-le-pen-contends-populism-is-the-future

6 Eleanor Beardsley, France’s Marine Le Pen Contends Populism Is the Future, NPR, January 6, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/01/06/508587559/frances-marine-le-pen-contends-populism-is-the-future

7 Translation, Marine Le Pen: France will withdraw from NATO, October 14, 2011, http://bibkatalog.ru/newsblog/2011/10/14/marine-le-pen-france-will-withdraw-nato

8 Moscow Times, Marine Le Pen’s Party Asks Russia for €27 Million Loan, The Moscow Times, February 19, 2016, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/marine-le-pens-party-asks-russia-for-27-million-loan/560066.html

9 Gabriel Gatehouse, Marine Le Pen: Who’s Funding France’s Far Right?, BBC, April 3, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39478066

10 Suzanne Daley, Maia de la Baume, French Far Right Gets Helping Hand with Russian Loan, New York Times, December 1, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/world/europe/french-far-right-gets-helping-hand-with-russian-loan-.html

11 Gianluca Mezzofiore, Former ‘London KGB agent’ Yuri Kudimov ‘lent €2m to FN’s Jean-Marie Le Pen,’ International Business Time, December 1, 2014, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/former-london-kgb-agent-yuri-kudimov-lent-2m-fns-jean-marie-le-pen-1477450

12 Translation, Marine Le Pen: France will withdraw from NATO, October 14, 2011, http://bibkatalog.ru/newsblog/2011/10/14/marine-le-pen-france-will-withdraw-nato

13 Translation, Marine Le Pen: France will withdraw from NATO, October 14, 2011, http://bibkatalog.ru/newsblog/2011/10/14/marine-le-pen-france-will-withdraw-nato

14 Translation, Marine Le Pen: France will withdraw from NATO, October 14, 2011, http://bibkatalog.ru/newsblog/2011/10/14/marine-le-pen-france-will-withdraw-nato

15 Peter Allen, Jean-Marie Le Pen is found guilty of inciting racial hatred after he described a group of Roma gipsies as smelly, Daily Mail, January 28, 2017, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4269450/Jean-Marie-Le-Pen-guilty-inciting-racial-hatred.html

16 Tessa Berenson, French Far-Right Leader Marion Maréchal-Le Pen Sounded a Lot Like Trump at CPAC, Time Magazine, February 22, 2018, http://time.com/5170730/marion-marechal-le-pen-cpac/

17 David Duke, Interview with EU Parliamentarian Bruno Gollnish, March 14, 2007, http://davidduke.com/interview-with-eu-parliamentarian-bruno-gollnisch

18 Jewish Telegraph Agency, French Politico faces firing for calling existence of gas chambers debatable, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, October 18, 2004, https://www.jta.org/2004/10/18/archive/french-politico-faces-firing-for-calling-existence-of-gas-chambers-debatable

19 Matt Wilding, Farage Slithered In; UKIP’s Founder talks about the early days of the party, The Guardian, June 12, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/sep/08/ukip-founder-new-leftwing-anti-eu-party

20 Nick Griffin, Nick Griffin expelled from British National Party, The Guardian, October 1, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/01/nick-griffin-expelled-from-bnp

21 William Booth, Karla Adam, Trump’s retweets elevate a tiny fringe group of anti-Muslim activists in Britain, Washington Post, November 29, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/trumps-tweets-elevate-a-tiny-fringe-group-of-anti-muslim-activists-in-britain/2017/11/29/02489a42-d515-11e7-9ad9-ca0619edfa05_story.html?utm_term=.3cc1e0e9c252

22 The Guardian, German far-right party calls for ban on minarets and burqa, The Guardian, May 1, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/01/german-far-right-party-ban-minarets-burqa-alternative-fur-deutschland

23 Anne Applebaum, Peter Pomeranstev, Melanie Smith, Chloe Colliver, Make Germany great again: Kremlin, Alt-Right and International influences in the 2007 German elections, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, http://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Make-Germany-Great-Again-ENG-081217.pdf

24 Melanie Amann, Pavel Lokshin, German Populists Forge Ties with Russia, Spiegel Online, April 7, 2016, www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-populists-forge-deeper-ties-with-russia-a-1089562.html

25 Stephen Brown, Lutz Bachmann, Founder of German Anti-Muslim Movement PEGIDA, Resigns After Posting Hitler Photo, Huffington Post, January 21, 2015, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/21/lutz-bachmann-pegida-hitler-photo_n_6515542.html

26 Hana de Goeij, Rick Lyman, Czech Election Won by Anti-Establishment Party Led by Billionaire, New York Times, October 21, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/world/europe/andrej-babis-ano-czech-election.html

27 Patrick Strickland, Greece mourns slain anti-fascist rapper Pavlos Fyssas, Al Jazeera, September 15, 2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/09/greece-mourns-slain-anti-fascist-rapper-pavlos-fyssas-170911080142110.html?xif=.

28 BBC, Joerg Haider: Key Quotes, BBC News, February 2, 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/628282.stm

29 Manès Weisskircher, Matthew E. Bergman, Austria’s election: four things to know about the result, the London School of Economics and Political Science, October 16, 2017, http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/10/16/austrias-election-four-things-to-know-about-the-result/

30 Alison Smale, Austria’s Far Right signs a cooperation pact with Putin’s party, The New York Times, December 19, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/world/europe/austrias-far-right-signs-a-cooperation-pact-with-putins-party.html

31 Alison Smale, Austria’s Far Right signs a cooperation pact with Putin’s party, The New York Times, December 19, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/world/europe/austrias-far-right-signs-a-cooperation-pact-with-putins-party.html

32 Alison Smale, Austria’s Far Right signs a cooperation pact with Putin’s party, The New York Times, December 19, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/world/europe/austrias-far-right-signs-a-cooperation-pact-with-putins-party.html

33 Marthe van der Wolf, Dutch Far-right Leader Seeks Ban on Quran, Mosques, Voice of America, August 26, 2016, https://www.voanews.com/a/netherlands-wilders-mosque-quran-ban/3482009.html

34 Statement by Geert Wilders on Milan, January 29, 2016, https://www.pvv.nl/index.php/36-fj-related/geert-wilders/8931-milaan-290616.html

35 Lili Bayer, Exclusive: Controversial Trump aide Sebastian Gorka backed violent anti-semitic militia, Forward, April 3, 2017, https://forward.com/news/national/367937/exclusive-controversial-trump-aide-sebastian-gorka-backed-violent-anti-semi/

36 Lili Bayer, Exclusive: Controversial Trump aide Sebastian Gorka backed violent anti-semitic militia, Forward, April 3, 2017, https://forward.com/news/national/367937/exclusive-controversial-trump-aide-sebastian-gorka-backed-violent-anti-semi/

37 Anna Nemtsova, How Putin’s Using Hungary to Destroy Europe, The Daily Beast, November 9, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-putins-using-hungary-to-destroy-europe

38 DW, Hungary’s European Parliament member Bela Kovacs charged with spying for Russia, DW, December 6, 2017, http://www.dw.com/en/hungarys-european-parliament-member-bela-kovacs-charged-with-spying-for-russia/a-41672171

39 DW, Hungary’s European Parliament member Bela Kovacs charged with spying for Russia, DW, December 6, 2017, http://www.dw.com/en/hungarys-european-parliament-member-bela-kovacs-charged-with-spying-for-russia/a-41672171

40 Remi Adekoya, Xenophobic, authoritarian, and generous on welfare: How Poland’s right rules, The Guardian UK, October 25, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/25/poland-right-law-justice-party-europe

41 Rick Lyman, Joanna Berendt, “As Poland Lurches to Right, Many in Europe Look on in Alarm,” New York Times, December 15, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/15/world/europe/poland-law-and-justice-party-jaroslaw-kaczynski.html

42 https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/here-s-full-text-donald-trump-s-speech-poland-n780046

43 La Corte di Putin in Italia, “Valerio Cignetti, la Fiamma Tricolore a scaldare Edia Rossiya,” November 23, 2014, https://italianiputiniani.blogspot.com/2014/11/valerio-cignetti-la-fiamma-tricolore.html

44 Alan Cullison, Wall Street Journal, “Far-Right Flocks to Russia to Berate the West,” March 23, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/far-right-flocks-to-russia-to-berate-the-west-1427059613

45 The Guardian, “Italian Elections 2018 full results,” March 5, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2018/mar/05/italian-elections-2018-full-results-renzi-berlusconi

46 Stephanie Kirchgaessner, The Guardian, “Steve Bannon in Rome to ‘support far-right candidate’ in Italian Election,” March 1, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/01/steve-bannon-in-rome-to-support-far-right-candidate-matteo-salvini?CMP=edit_2221

47 Alan Cullison, Far-Right Flocks to Russia to Berate the West, Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/far-right-flocks-to-russia-to-berate-the-west-1427059613

48 Alan Cullison, Far-Right Flocks to Russia to Berate the West, Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/far-right-flocks-to-russia-to-berate-the-west-1427059613

49 Benjamin Hart, Bannon Tells France’s National Front: ‘Let Them Call You Racist,’ NY Magazine, March 10, 2018, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/03/bannon-tells-national-front-let-them-call-you-racist.html

Chapter 10: The Axis of Autocracy

1 Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Erica Frantz, How Democracies Fall Apart: How Populism Is a Pathway to Autocracy, Foreign Affairs, December 5, 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-05/how-democracies-fall-apart

2 Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Erica Frantz, How Democracies Fall Apart: How Populism Is a Pathway to Autocracy, Foreign Affairs, December 5, 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-05/how-democracies-fall-apart

3 Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Erica Frantz, How Democracies Fall Apart: How Populism Is a Pathway to Autocracy, Foreign Affairs, December 5, 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-05/how-democracies-fall-apart

4 Konstantin Strigunov, The Coco Revolution, Voyenno-promyshlennyy kur’er magazine, July 24, 2017, https://vpk-news.ru/articles/38011

5 Christiane Hoffman, Klaus Brinkbaumer, Germany’s Foreign Minister ‘We Are Seeing What Happens When the U.S. Pulls Back,’ Spiegel Online, January 8, 2018, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/sigmar-gabriel-we-are-seeing-what-happens-when-the-u-s-pulls-back-a-1186181.html

Chapter 11: Operation GLOBAL GRIZZLY

1 Patrick Howell O’Neill, The cyberattack that changed the world, The Daily Dot, May 20, 2016, https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/web-war-cyberattack-russia-estonia/

2 Brian Krebs, Lithuania Weathers Cyber Attack, Braces for Round 2, The Washington Post, http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2008/07/lithuania_weathers_cyber_attac_1.html

3 Sheera Frenkel, The New Handbook for Cyberwar Is Being Written by Russia, Buzzfeed, March 19, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/the-new-handbook-for-cyberwar-is-being-written-by-russia?utm_term=.ihoOrerjo#.uu4XK4KMg

4 Patrick Howell O’Neill, The cyberattack that changed the world, The Daily Dot, May 20, 2016, https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/web-war-cyberattack-russia-estonia/

5 Toby Helm, British Euroscepticism: A brief history, The Guardian, February 6, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/07/british-euroscepticism-a-brief-history

6 Toby, British Euroscepticism: A brief history, The Guardian, February 6, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/07/british-euroscepticism-a-brief-history

7 BBC, De Gaulle says ‘non’ to Britain—again, BBC, November 27, 1967, http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm

8 Sam Wilson, Britain and the EU: A long and rocky relationship, BBC, April 1, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-26515129

9 European Parliament, The Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties, The European Parliament, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/displayFtu.html?ftuId=FTU_1.1.3.html

10 Gov.UK, Prime Minister’s speech on EU, Gov.UK, November 10, 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prime-ministers-speech-on-europe

11 Legislation.Gov.UK, European Union Referendum Act 2015, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/36/crossheading/the-referendum

12 Gov.UK, PM Commons statement on EU reform and referendum: 22, February 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-commons-statement-on-eu-reform-and-referendum-22-february-2016

13 UKIP Leader Nigel Farage on the leave EU campaigns, UKIP, October 9, 2015, http://www.ukip.org/ukip_leader_nigel_farage_on_the_leave_eu_campaigns

14 Better Off Out Website, Who We Are, http://www.betteroffout.net/about/who-we-are/

15 Jack Sommers, Nigel Farage interviewed by George Galloway, Who agreed with everything they discussed, Huffington Post, February 17, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2016/02/13/nigel-farage-george-galloway-eu-sputnik_n_9227554.html

16 Carole Cadwalladr, Arron Banks: Brexit was a war. We won. There’s no turning back now, The Guardian, April 2, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/apr/02/arron-banks-interview-brexit-ukip-far-right-trump-putin-russia

17 Matthew Nitch Smith, Jo Cox’s alleged killer was a ‘dedicated supporter’ of an American Neo-Nazi group, Business Insider, June 17, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/jo-cox-killer-and-american-neo-nazi-national-alliance-2016-6

18 The Lisbon Treaty, Article 50, http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty/treaty-on-European-union-and-comments/title-6-final-provisions/137-article-50.html

19 Michael McFaul, How Brexit is a win for Putin, KyivPost, June 27, 2016, https://www.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/op-ed/michael-mcfaul-how-brexit-is-a-win-for-putin-417252.html

20 Robert Booth, Matthew Weaver, Alex Hern, Stacee Smith, Shaun Walker, Russia used hundreds of fake accounts to tweet about Brexit, data shows, The Guardian, November 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/14/how-400-russia-run-fake-accounts-posted-bogus-brexit-tweets

21 United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Testimony of Sean J. Edgett, October 31, 2017, https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/4766f54d-d433-4055-9f3d-c94f97eeb1c0/testimony-of-sean-edgett-acting-general-counsel-twitter.pdf

22 United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Testimony of Sean J. Edgett, October 31, 2017, https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/4766f54d-d433-4055-9f3d-c94f97eeb1c0/testimony-of-sean-edgett-acting-general-counsel-twitter.pdf

23 Robert Booth, Matthew Weaver, Alex Hern, Stacee Smith, Shaun Walker, Russia used hundreds of fake accounts to tweet about Brexit, data shows, The Guardian, November 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/14/how-400-russia-run-fake-accounts-posted-bogus-brexit-tweets

24 United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Testimony of Sean J. Edgett, October 31, 2017, https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/4766f54d-d433-4055-9f3d-c94f97eeb1c0/testimony-of-sean-edgett-acting-general-counsel-twitter.pdf, pg.6

25 Adam Payne, Russia used a network of 150,000 Twitter accounts to meddle in Brexit, Business Insider, November 15, 2017, https://amp.uk.businessinsider.com/russia-used-twitter-accounts-to-meddle-in-brexit-investigation-shows-2017-11

26 Robert Booth, Matthew Weaver, Alex Hern, Stacee Smith, Shaun Walker, Russia used hundreds of fake accounts to tweet about Brexit, data shows, The Guardian, November 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/14/how-400-russia-run-fake-accounts-posted-bogus-brexit-tweets

27 Karla Adam, William Booth, Rising alarm in Britain over Russian meddling in Brexit vote, The Washington Post, November 17, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/rising-alarm-in-britain-over-russian-meddling-in-brexit-vote/2017/11/17/2e987a30-cb34-11e7-b506-8a10ed11ecf5_story.html?utm_term=.39ba2dfafd54

28 Robert Booth, Matthew Weaver, Alex Hern, Stacee Smith, Shaun Walker, Russia used hundreds of fake accounts to tweet about Brexit, data shows, The Guardian, November 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/14/how-400-russia-run-fake-accounts-posted-bogus-brexit-tweets

29 Agence France-Presse, UK cyber security chief blames Russia for hacker attacks, Security Week, November 15, 2017, https://www.securityweek.com/uk-cyber-security-chief-blames-russia-hacker-attacks

30 Andrew Picken, Revealed: Bogus accounts’ 400,000 tweets on Scottish independence, The Sunday Post, November 19, 2017, https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/bogus-accounts-400000-tweets-on-independence/

31 Staff, Theresa May accuses Russia of interfering in elections and fake news, The Guardian, November 14, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/nov/13/theresa-may-accuses-russia-of-interfering-in-elections-and-fake-news

32 Laura Daniels, How Russia hacked the French election, Politico, April 23, 2017, https://www.politico.eu/article/france-election-2017-russia-hacked-cyberattacks/

33 US Department of State, Soviet Influence Activities: A Report on Active Measures and Propaganda, 1986-87, August 1987, https://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/1987/soviet-influence-activities-1987.pdf

34 Alex Hern, Macron Hackers linked to Russian-affiliated group behind US attack, The Guardian, May 8, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/08/macron-hackers-linked-to-russian-affiliated-group-behind-us-attack

35 Bethany Palma, Was the French Election Hacked by Russia? Snopes, May 10,2017 https://www.snopes.com/2017/05/10/french-election-russian-hack/

36 Andy Greenburg, The NSA Confirms It: Russia Hacked French Election ‘Infrastructure,’ Security, May 9, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/05/nsa-director-confirms-russia-hacked-french-election-infrastructure/

37 Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag, Netzpolitk, June 19, 2015, https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/

38 Jennifer Baker, Ruskies behind German govt cyberattack—Report, The Register, June 4, 2015, https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/06/04/ruskies_are_behind_german_government_cyber_attack/

39 Alice Bota, Merkel and the Fancy Bear, De Zeit Online, http://www.zeit.de/digital/2017-05/cyberattack-bundestag-angela-merkel-fancy-bear-hacker-russia/seite-6

40 Fabian Reibold, Is Moscow Planning Something? Germany Prepares for Possible Russian Election Meddling, Spiegel Online, September 7, 2017, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/how-germany-is-preparing-for-russian-election-meddling-a-1166461.html

41 Constanze Stelzenmüller, The impact of Russian interference on Germany’s 2017 elections, testimony to US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Brookings Institution, June 28, 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/the-impact-of-russian-interference-on-germanys-2017-elections/

42 Constanze Stelzenmüller, The impact of Russian interference on Germany’s 2017 elections, testimony to US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Brookings Institution, June 28, 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/the-impact-of-russian-interference-on-germanys-2017-elections/

43 Anne Applebaum, Peter Pomeranstev, Melanie Smith, Chloe Colliver, Make Germany great again: Kremlin, Alt-Right and International influences in the 2007 German elections, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2017, http://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Make-Germany-Great-Again-ENG-081217.pdf

44 Anne Applebaum, Peter Pomeranstev, Melanie Smith, Chloe Colliver, Make Germany great again: Kremlin, Alt-Right and International influences in the 2007 German elections, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2017, http://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Make-Germany-Great-Again-ENG-081217.pdf

45 Anne Applebaum, Peter Pomeranstev, Melanie Smith, Chloe Colliver, Make Germany great again: Kremlin, Alt-Right and International influences in the 2007 German elections, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2017, http://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Make-Germany-Great-Again-ENG-081217.pdf

46 Anne Applebaum, Peter Pomeranstev, Melanie Smith, Chloe Colliver, Make Germany great again: Kremlin, Alt-Right and International influences in the 2007 German elections, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2017, http://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Make-Germany-Great-Again-ENG-081217.pdf

47 Karsten Schmehl, Ryan Broderick, A German YouTuber Tried to Make His Far-Right Hashtag Go Viral and It Was a Huge Flop, Buzzfeed, September 4, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/karstenschmehl/these-secret-chats-show-who-is-behind-the-meme-att?utm_term=.ch3O13E6a#.mhggMkKxJ

48 Blake Hester, Discord Shuts Down Its Alt-Right Server After Charlottesville Protests, Rolling Stone, August 15, 2017, https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/news/discord-shuts-down-alt-right-server-after-charlottesville-w497856

49 German elections 2017: Full results, The Guardian, September 25, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/sep/24/german-elections-2017-latest-results-live-merkel-bundestag-afd

50 John Henly, Russia waging information war against Sweden, study finds, The Guardian, January 11, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/11/russia-waging-information-war-in-sweden-study-finds

51 John Henly, Russia waging information war against Sweden, study finds, The Guardian, January 11, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/11/russia-waging-information-war-in-sweden-study-finds

52 John Henly, Russia waging information war against Sweden, study finds, The Guardian, January 11, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/11/russia-waging-information-war-in-sweden-study-finds

53 John Henly, Russia waging information war against Sweden, study finds, The Guardian, January 11, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/11/russia-waging-information-war-in-sweden-study-finds

54 Andrew Rettman, Lisbeth Kirk, Sweden raises alarm on election meddling, EU Observer, January 15, 2018, https://euobserver.com/foreign/140542

55 Ben Farmer, Surveillance Photo’s Show Russian Intelligence Officers Plotting, The Telegraph, August 29, 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/28/surveillance-photos-show-russian-intelligence-officers-plotting/

56 Ben Farmer, Reconstruction: Full Incredible Story Behind Russia’s Deadly Plot, The Telegraph, February 16, 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/18/reconstruction-full-incredible-story-behind-russias-deadly-plot/

57 Kate McCann, Boris Johnson claims Russia was behind plot to assassinate Prime Minister of Montenegro as he warns of Putin’s ‘dirty tricks,’ The Telegraph, March 12, 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/12/boris-johnson-claims-russia-behind-plot-assassinate-prime-minister/

58 Mark Landler, Maggie Astor, U.S. Embassy in Montenegro Is Attacked, but Only Attacker Is Killed, The New York Times, February 21, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/world/europe/montenegro-embassy-attacked.html?ribbon-ad-&mtrref=undefined&gwh=013097E02EA2E624E007F6D71C760869&gwt=pay

Chapter 12: Russia’s American Beachhead

1 Elias Isquith, Rudy Giuliani: Unlike Obama, Putin is “what you call a leader,” Salon, March 4, 2014, https://www.salon.com/2014/03/04/rudy_giuliani_unlike_obama_putin_is_%E2%80%9Cwhat_you_call_a_leader%E2%80%9D

2 John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (Bantam Books, 1974), pg. 231

3 Yuri Bezmenov, Soviet Subversion of the Free World Press: A Conversation with Yuri Bezmenov, Youtube, 1984, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cnf0I2dQ0i0

4 Yuri Bezmenov, Soviet Subversion of the Free World Press: A Conversation with Yuri Bezmenov, Youtube, 1984, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cnf0I2dQ0i0

5 Elizabeth Dias, Vice President Mike Pence met with Top Russian Cleric, Time Magazine, May 12, 2017

6 John Aravosis, Vladimir Putin and the Falwell Bloc, AmericaBlog, December 29, 2014

7 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and Religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.2a65c1e738c9

8 J. Lester Feder, Susie Armitage, Emails show ‘Pro-Family’ activists feeding contacts to Russian Nationalists, Buzzfeed, December 8, 2014, https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/emails-show-pro-family-activists-feeding-contacts-to-russian?utm_term=.cbqLgjxOA#.xmprdq84o

9 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.7a4fb6933752

10 Scott Lively, Kevin Abrams, The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in Nazi Germany, 5th ed, http://www.scottlively.net/tps/

11 Scott Lively, Letter to the Russian people, October 15, 2007, http://www.defendthefamily.com/pfrc/archives.php?id=5225300

12 Natasha Bertrand, A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

13 Natasha Bertrand, A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

14 Erasmus, The Axis between Russian Orthodox and American Evangelicals is Intact, The Economist, July 14, 2017, https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2017/07/praying-together-staying-together

15 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.929ff427df5b

16 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.929ff427df5b

17 Alex Altman, Elizabeth Dias, Moscow Cozies Up to the Right, Time, March 10, 2017, http://time.com/4696424/moscow-right-kremlin-republicans/

18 Mak, Tim, Top Trump Ally Met with Putin’s Deputy in Moscow, The Daily Beast, March 7, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/top-trump-ally-met-with-putins-deputy-in-moscow

19 Constitution of the Russian Federation art. 45.2, http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-01.htm

20 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.57f40de12c26

21 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.57f40de12c26

22 Order of Holy King Milutin to Mr. Alexandar Torshin, www.spc.rs/eng/order_holy_king_milutin_mr_alexandar_torshin

23 Alex Altman, Elizabeth Dias, Moscow Cozies Up to the Right, Time, March 10, 2017, http://time.com/4696424/moscow-right-kremlin-republicans/

24 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.85cd6ef20f19

25 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.85cd6ef20f19

26 Peter Stone, Greg Gordon, FBI Investigating Whether Russia Money Went to NRA to Help Trump, McClatchy DC Bureau, January 18, 2018, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article195231139.html

27 Transcription by author, YouTube, July 13, 2015, https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=maria+butina+question+trump+freedom+fest&&view=detail&mid=A63FC0A0957CFA913D0AA63FC0A0957CFA913D0A&&FORM=VRDGAR

28 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.85cd6ef20f19

29 Maria Butina, Twitter, @Maria_Butina, https://twitter.com/maria_butina/status/619961053170958336

30 Peter Stone, Greg Gordon, FBI Investigating Whether Russia Money Went to NRA to Help Trump, McClatchy DC Bureau, January 18, 2018, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article195231139.html

31 Tim Mak, Top Trump Ally Met with Putin’s Deputy in Moscow, The Daily Beast, March 7, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/top-trump-ally-met-with-putins-deputy-in-moscow

32 Peter Stone, Greg Gordon, FBI Investigating Whether Russia Money Went to NRA to Help Trump, McClatchy DC Bureau, January 18, 2018, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article195231139.html

33 Peter Stone, Greg Gordon, FBI Investigating Whether Russia Money Went to NRA to Help Trump, McClatchy DC Bureau, January 18, 2018, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article195231139.html

34 Peter Stone, Greg Gordon, FBI Investigating Whether Russia Money Went to NRA to Help Trump, McClatchy DC Bureau, January 18, 2018, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article195231139.html

35 Jose Maria Irujo, The Spanish connection with Trump’s Russia scandal, El Pais, April 3, 2017, https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/03/31/inenglish/1490984556_409827.html

36 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.85cd6ef20f19

37 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.85cd6ef20f19

38 Rosalind Helderman, Tom Hamburger, Guns and religion: How American Conservatives grew closer to Putin’s Russia, The Washington Post, April 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-republican-right-found-allies-in-russia/2017/04/30/e2d83ff6-29d3-11e7-a616-d7c8a68c1a66_story.html?utm_term=.85cd6ef20f19

39 Peter Stone, Greg Gordon, FBI Investigating Whether Russia Money Went to NRA to Help Trump, McClatchy DC Bureau, January 18,2018, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article195231139.html

40 Elizabeth Dias, Vice President Mike Pence met with Top Russian Cleric, Time, May 12, 2017, http://time.com/4776717/mike-pence-russian-cleric-hilarion-alfeyev/

41 Laura Strickler, White House refuses to release photo of Trump signing bill to weaken gun law, CBS News, February 15, 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/white-house-refused-to-release-photo-of-trump-signing-bill-to-weaken-gun-law/

42 Eric Cortellessa, Stuart Winer, Five members of Jewish community among 17 killed in Florida massacre, The Times of Israel, February 15, 2018, https://www.timesofisrael.com/five-members-of-jewish-community-confirmed-among-17-killed-in-florida-massacre/

43 Jose Maria Irujo, The Spanish connection with Trump’s Russia scandal, El Pais, April 3, 2017, https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/03/31/inenglish/1490984556_409827.html

44 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

45 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

46 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

47 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15,2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

48 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

49 Max de Haldevang, Trump’s Inaugural Committee Took $1 Million from Russian-Americans Whose Money the GOP Rejected, Quartz, Apr 20, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

50 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

51 Ruth May, How Putin’s Proxies Helped Funnel Millions into GOP Campaigns, The Dallas News, Dec 15, 2017, https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/12/15/putins-proxies-helped-funnel-millions-gop-campaigns

52 Joe Scarborough, Even now, Republicans are ignoring the storm clouds. The Washington Post, January 26, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/even-now-republicans-are-ignoring-the-storm-clouds/2018/01/26/a6b727e6-02d9-11e8-8acf-ad2991367d9d_story.html?utm_term=.03885b6a8bba

Chapter 13: The American Fifth Column

1 Aleksandr Dugin, Donald Trump’s Victory, Katehon Think Tank, November 10, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEQlNJdR8jo

2 David Holthouse, Preston Wiginton emerges in Russia promoting race hate, Southern Poverty Law Center, May 20, 2008, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/preston-wiginton-emerges-russia-promoting-race-hate

3 David Neiwert, When White Nationalists chant their slogans, what do they mean?, Southern Poverty Law Center Hatewatch, October 10, 2017, https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/10/10/when-white-nationalists-chant-their-weird-slogans-what-do-they-mean

4 Joe Heim, Recounting a day of rage, hate, violence and death, The Washington Post, Aug 14, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/local/charlottesville-timeline/?utm_term=.cffae5b50678

5 Joe Heim, Recounting a day of rage, hate, violence and death, The Washington Post, Aug 14, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/local/charlottesville-timeline/?utm_term=.cffae5b50678

6 Tom Porter, Charlottesville: Heather Heyer named as anti-racist killed in car ramming at alt-right demo, Newsweek, August 13, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/heather-heyer-named-woman-killed-car-ramming-alt-right-counter-demo-650220

7 Southern Poverty Law Center, The people, groups and symbols of Charlottesville, Southern Poverty Law Center, August 15, 2017, https://www.splcenter.org/news/2017/08/15/people-groups-and-symbols-charlottesville

8 Robert King, Indiana white nationalist called the ‘next David Duke’ isn’t stopping with Charlottesville, Indystar, August 27, 2017, https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2017/08/27/indiana-white-nationalist-called-the-next-david-duke-isnt-stopping-charlottesville/573817001/

9 Nathaniel Popper, David Duke offers Antisemitism 101 at a Ukrainian university, Forward, November 3, 2006, https://forward.com/news/7416/david-duke-offers-antisemitism-101-at-a-ukra/

10 CBS News, David Duke, To Russia with Hate, CBS News, February 2, 2001, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/david-duke-to-russia-with-hate/

11 Natasha Bertrand, ‘A model for civilization’: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

12 Natasha Bertrand, ‘A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

13 David Holthouse, Preston Wiginton emerges in Russia promoting race hate, Southern Poverty Law Center, May 20, 2008, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/preston-wiginton-emerges-russia-promoting-race-hate

14 Sam Dickson, Shattering the Icon of Abraham Lincoln, Journal of Historical Review, http://vho.org/GB/Journals/JHR/7/3/Dickson319-344.html

15 Alexander Zaitchik, How Klan lawyer Sam Dickson got rich, Southern Poverty Law Center, October 19, 2006, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2006/how-klan-lawyer-sam-dickson-got-rich

16 Alan Feuer, Andrew Higgins, Extremists turn to a leader to protect Western Values: Vladimir Putin, The New York Times, December 12, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/world/americas/alt-right-vladimir-putin.html?mcubz=0

17 Sam Dickson, Easter Message, April 17, 2017, http://www.sam-dickson.com/Easter2017.htm

18 Natasha Bertrand, A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

19 David Holthouse, Preston Wiginton emerges in Russia promoting race hate, Southern Poverty Law Center, May 20, 2008, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/preston-wiginton-emerges-russia-promoting-race-hate

20 Deana Kjuka, Link Exposed Between Charleston Killer and Hater’s Convention in Russia, Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, June 24, 2015, https://www.rferl.org/a/charleston-dylann-roof-russia-conservative-forum-citizens/27091137.html

21 David Holthouse, Preston Wiginton emerges in Russia promoting race hate, Southern Poverty Law Center, May 20, 2008, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/preston-wiginton-emerges-russia-promoting-race-hate

22 David Holthouse, Preston Wiginton emerges in Russia promoting race hate, Southern Poverty Law Center, May 20, 2008, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/preston-wiginton-emerges-russia-promoting-race-hate

23 David Holthouse, Preston Wiginton emerges in Russia promoting race hate, Southern Poverty Law Center, May 20, 2008, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/preston-wiginton-emerges-russia-promoting-race-hate

24 Alan Cullison, Far-Right Flocks to Russia to Berate the West, Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/far-right-flocks-to-russia-to-berate-the-west-1427059613

25 YouTube video, “Race Situation in America—Jared Taylor in Russia,” May 12, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbA4OSAezfI

26 Stephen Piggot, White Nationalists Continue to Support Trump Through Robocalls, Southern Poverty Law Center, January 12, 2016, https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/01/12/white-nationalists-continue-support-trump-through-robocalls

27 Hayley Tsukayama, Twitter purge suspends account of far-right leader who was retweeted by Trump, The Washington Post, December 18, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/12/18/twitter-purge-suspends-account-of-far-right-leader-who-was-retweeted-by-trump/?utm_term=.b1a59a6aed55

28 Natasha Bertrand, A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

29 Alan Feuer, Andrew Higgins, Extremists turn to a leader to protect Western values: Vladimir Putin, The New York Times, December 3, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/world/americas/alt-right-vladimir-putin.html?mcubz=0

30 ADL, Traditionalist Youth Network, ADL, https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/traditionalist-youth-network

31 ADL, Traditionalist Youth Network, ADL, https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/traditionalist-youth-network

32 Matthew Heimbach, YouTube, “Matthew Heimbach at Camp Comradery 2015: Our Struggle, Our Future,” September 19, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-BU2UFdkWQ

33 Casey Michel, US hate group forging ties with the ‘Third Rome,’ Eurasianet, July 15, 2016, https://eurasianet.org/node/79686

34 Natasha Bertrand, A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

35 Alan Feuer, Andrew Higgins, Extremists turn to a leader to protect Western values: Vladimir Putin, The New York Times, December 3, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/world/americas/alt-right-vladimir-putin.html?mcubz=0

36 Alan Feuer, Andrew Higgins, Extremists turn to a leader to protect Western values: Vladimir Putin, The New York Times, December 3, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/world/americas/alt-right-vladimir-putin.html?mcubz=0

37 Vegas Tenold, The Little Fuhrer: A day in the life of the newest leader of white nationalists, Al Jazeera, July 26, 2015, http://projects.aljazeera.com/2015/07/hate-groups/

38 Alan Feuer, Andrew Higgins, Extremists turn to a leader to protect Western values: Vladimir Putin, The New York Times, December 3, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/world/americas/alt-right-vladimir-putin.html?mcubz=0

39 Alan Feuer, Andrew Higgins, Extremists turn to a leader to protect Western values: Vladimir Putin, The New York Times, December 3, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/world/americas/alt-right-vladimir-putin.html?mcubz=0

40 Matthew Heimbach, YouTube, Matthew Heimbach at the Maryland Council of Conservative Citizens, April 2, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVpnwDIxlB8

41 Aram Roston, Joel Anderson, The Moneyman Behind the Alt-Right, Buzzfeed, July 23, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/aramroston/hes-spent-almost-20-years-funding-the-racist-right-it

42 Josh Harkinson, Meet the White Nationalist Trying to Ride the Trump Train to Lasting Power, Mother Jones, October 27, 2016, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist/

43 Southern Poverty Law Center, A fresh crop of ‘intellectuals’ joins the radical right, Southern Poverty Law Center, August 11, 2006, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2006/new-racialists

44 CBS News, Mayor: Torch-lit protest in Charlottesville, VA ‘harkens back to the days of the KKK, CBS News, May 15, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/charlottesville-protest-richard-spender-kkk-robert-e-lee-statue/

45 Trevor Hughes, Far right’s Richard Spencer returns to Charlottesville, tiki torch in hand, USA Today, October 7, 2017, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/10/07/white-nationalists-charlottesville-again/743624001/

46 Martin Gelin, White Flight, Slate, November 13, 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html

47 Natasha Bertrand, A model for civilization: Putin’s Russia has emerged as ‘a beacon for nationalists’ and the American alt-right, Business Insider, December 10, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11

48 Joan Walsh, Islamophobes, White Supremacists, and Gays for Trump—The Alt-Right Arrives at the RNC, The Nation, July 20, 2016, https://www.thenation.com/article/islamophobes-white-supremacists-and-gays-for-trump-the-alt-right-arrives-at-the-rnc/

49 Jason Kessler, ANALYSIS: #Russia Will Be One of America’s Greatest Allies During the Trump Administration, Got News, January 11, 2017, http://gotnews.com/analysis-russia-will-one-americas-greatest-allies-trump-administration/

50 Ben Schreckinger, GOP researcher who sought Clinton emails had alt-right help, Politico, July 11, 2017, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/07/11/gop-researcher-who-sought-clinton-emails-had-alt-right-help-215359

51 Adam Taylor, He’s the founder of a Californian independence movement. Just don’t ask him why he lives in Russia, The Washington Post, February 19, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/02/19/hes-the-founder-of-a-californian-independence-movement-just-dont-ask-him-why-he-lives-in-russia/?utm_term=.c70d5dfed85c

52 The Scotsman, Yes Scotland logo adopted by California independence movement, The Scotsman, February 24, 2016, https://www.scotsman.com/news/yes-scotland-logo-adopted-by-california-independence-movement-1-4037382

53 Melody Gutierrez, Advocate’s Russian ties cause concern in state secession movement, San Francisco Chronicle, February 3, 2017, https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Advocate-s-Russian-ties-cause-concern-in-state-10907521.php

54 Melody Gutierrez, Advocate’s Russian ties cause concern in state secession movement, San Francisco Chronicle, February 3, 2017, https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Advocate-s-Russian-ties-cause-concern-in-state-10907521.php

55 Katie Zezima, California is a nation, not a state: A fringe movement wants a break from the U.S., The Washington Post, February 18, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/california-is-a-nation-not-a-state-a-fringe-movement-wants-a-break-from-the-us/2017/02/18/ed85671c-f567-11e6-8d72-263470bf0401_story.html?utm_term=.a3595e742220

56 RT, Calexit: Yes California movement opens embassy in Moscow, RT, December 18, 2016, https://www.rt.com/usa/370698-calexit-california-embassy-moscow/

57 Andrew Kramer, California Secession Advocate Faces Scrutiny Over Where He’s Based: Russia, The New York Times, February 21, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/us/yes-california-calexit-marinelli-russia.html

58 Melody Gutierrez, Advocate’s Russian ties cause concern in state secession movement, San Francisco Chronicle, February 3, 2017, https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Advocate-s-Russian-ties-cause-concern-in-state-10907521.php

59 Natasha Bertrand, California separatist leader: We welcome vocal support of Julian Assange, Business Insider, October 9, 2017, https://www.businessinsider.nl/california-exit-secession-leader-calexit-julian-assange-2017-10/

60 Adam Taylor, He’s the founder of a Californian independence movement. Just don’t ask him why he lives in Russia, The Washington Post, February 19, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/02/19/hes-the-founder-of-a-californian-independence-movement-just-dont-ask-him-why-he-lives-in-russia/?utm_term=.c70d5dfed85c

61 Patrick Reevell, Texas, California Separatists Attend Kremlin-Funded Conference, ABC News, September 27, 2016, http://abcnews.go.com/International/texas-california-separatists-attend-pro-kremlin-conference/story?id=42395066

62 Kevin McPhearson, Bruce Wright, Texas, Federal Funding in Texas, Comptroller Texas, https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/fiscal-notes/2017/november/federal-funding.php

63 Angelo Young, Matthew Sheffield, Neo-Nazi blog The Daily Stormer tries to move to Russian domain, Salon, August 16, 2017, https://www.salon.com/2017/08/16/neo-nazi-blog-the-daily-stormer-tries-to-move-to-russian-domain/

64 Katie Zavadski, American Alt-Right Leaves Facebook for Russian Site VKontakte, The Daily Beast, November 3, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/american-alt-right-leaves-facebook-for-russian-site-vkontakte

Chapter 14: A Treasonous Aspect

1 Keir Giles, The Handbook of Russian Information Warfare, NATO Defense College (Rome, 2016) pg. 19

2 Keir Giles, The Handbook of Russian Information Warfare, NATO Defense College (Rome 2016) pg. 20

3 K. Pynnöniemi and A. Rácz, Fog of Falsehood: Russian Strategy of Deception and the Conflict in Ukraine, FIIA Report No. 45, pg. 38

4 Randy Burkett, An Alternative Framework for Agent Recruitment: From MICE to RASCLS, CIA Center for Study of Intelligence, Studies in Intelligence Vol 57. No.1, March 2013, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol.-57-no.-1-a/vol.-57-no.-1-a-pdfs/Burkett-MICE%20to%20RASCALS.pdf

5 Fiona Hill, Clifford Gaddy, Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin (Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution Press, 2013), pg. 7, https://books.google.com/books/about/Mr_Putin.html?id=ND8PBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button#v=onepage&q&f=false

6 The Huffington Post, Trump Sells $100M Palm Beach Mansion, Huffington Post, May 25, 2011, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/26/trump-flips-100m-palm-bea_n_437234.html

7 Kate Connelly, Czechoslovakia spied on Donald and Ivana Trump, communist-era files show, The Guardian, December 15, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/15/czechoslovakia-spied-on-donald-trump-ivana-files

8 Archivy StB: Trump se chtěl stát prezidentem v roce 1996, Ceskatelevize 24, December 1, 2016, http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/domaci/1970461-archivy-stb-trump-se-chtel-stat-prezidentem-v-roce-1996

9 Donald J. Trump, Twitter, November 11, 2013, https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/399939505924628480

10 Yulya Alferova, Twitter, January 22, 2014, https://twitter.com/alferovayulyae/status/426103699572678656?lang=en

11 Robert Muller, U.S. v. Internet Research Agency, et al, February 16, 2017, https://www.scribd.com/document/371672481/U-S-v-Internet-Research-Agency-et-al

12 Donald J. Trump, Twitter @realDonaldtrump, September 24, 2014, https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/515635087275474944

13 Konstantine Rykov, Facebook, November 12, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/konstantin.rykov/posts/10210621124674610

14 Konstantine Rykov, Facebook, November 12, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/konstantin.rykov/posts/10210621124674610

15 Konstantine Rykov, Facebook, November 12, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/konstantin.rykov/posts/10210621124674610

16 Konstantine Rykov, Facebook, November 12, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/konstantin.rykov/posts/10210643558675446

17 Marilyn Geewax, Jackie Northam, Kushner Family Business Pitch in China Prompts Questions About Investor Visas, National Public Radio, May 8, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/05/08/527451591/kushner-family-business-pitch-in-china-prompts-questions-about-investor-visas

18 Donald J. Trump, @realDonaldTrump twitter, February 17, 2017, https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/832708293516632065?lang=en

19 Jonathan Easley, War between Trump, media set to intensify, The Hill, December 28, 2017, http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/366608-war-between-trump-media-set-to-intensify

20 Lisa de Moraes, CNN video blasts Donald Trump’s new attack on international journalists, Deadline, November 27,2017, http://deadline.com/2017/11/cnn-responds-donald-trump-attack-international-video-1202215030/

21 Aric Jenkins, President Trump Calls CNN Staff ‘Horrible Human Beings’ in Leaked Audio From RNC Fundraiser, Time Magazine, July 1, 2017, http://time.com/4842997/donald-trump-cnn-horrible-human-beings/

22 McFaul, Michael Ambassador, Twitter @McFaul, https://twitter.com/McFaul?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor

23 Kate Irby, Former CIA head explains how Russia lures people to commit treason without knowing it, McClatchy News, May 23, 2017, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article152136047.html

24 Veronica Stracqualursi, Ex-CIA boss says Russians could have personal dirt on Trump, CNN on MSN.com, March 21, 2018, https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/ex-cia-boss-says-russians-could-have-personal-dirt-on-trump/ar-BBKw9ML?OCID=ansmsnnews11

Epilogue: “Freedom Is a Light”

1 Joe Scarborough: A Storm Is Gathering, December, 29, 2017, Hartford Courant, http://www.courant.com/opinion/op-ed/hc-op-ed-scarborough-trump-churchill-20171229-story.html