A City from the Dawn of History

Contents

Cuneiform writing

First Millennium

Late Second Millennium

Late Third Millennium/Early Second Millennium

Overview of the sources

Uruk Period (4000–3000 BC)

Early Dynastic Period (3000–2334 BC)

Akkadian Period (2334–2193 BC)

Gutian Period (2193–2120 BC)

Ur III (2120–2004 BC)

Old Assyrian/Old Babylonian (2004–1595 BC)

Middle Assyrian (1595–1000 BC)

Neo-Assyrian (1000–612 BC)

Neo-Babylonian Empire (612–539 BC)

Achaemenid (539–330 BC)

Hellenistic/Seleucid (330–126 BC)

Parthian (126 BC–224 AD)

The name of Erbil

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Erbil in the Gutian Period

Erbil in the Ur III Period

Erbil in the early second millennium

Erbil in the Middle Assyrian Period

Erbil in the Neo-Assyrian period

Ištar of Arbail

Erbil in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods

Summary: from Erridu-Pizir to Alexander – Erbil in the Cuneiform Sources

Ištar of Arbail

Third Millennium Sources

Year name for Shulgi year 45

Year name for Amar-Sin year 2

Votive Inscription

Administrative Texts

Texts from Girsu

Texts from Drehem

Early Second Millennium Sources

Stele of Šamši-Adad I

Stele of Dadusha

Middle Assyrian Sources

Historical sources

Votive inscription

Administrative texts

Neo-Assyrian Sources

Historical Texts

Aššur-dan II (934–912 BC)

Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC)

Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC)

Šamši-Adad V (823–811 BC)

Sennacherib (704–681 BC)

Esarhaddon (680–669 BC)

Ashurbanipal (668–627 BC)

Epigraphs prepared for reliefs

Votive Inscription

Administrative texts

Oracular Pronouncements and Divination

Oracular Pronouncements

Hymns and Ritual texts

Ištar of Arbail

Royal inscriptions

Letter formulae

Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Sources

Historical texts

Neo-Babylonian Chronicle

Administrative texts

Astronomical Diary