INDEX

Afghanistan, 10, 192, 215, 251, 260

Soviet invasion of, 10, 27–28, 190

Taliban, 67, 68, 214

U.S. invasion of, 110, 192, 212, 213

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 211

Ajman, 33–34

Alguadis, Selim, 35, 41, 120

Allen, Charlie, 214

Allen, Mark, 84–85

Al Qaeda, 65, 68, 82, 102, 108, 131, 151, 194, 250, 251

Khan network and, 260–61

Aman, Bukit, 89

Amin, Atif, 36–37, 47

Anti-Americanism, 27, 67, 132, 147, 261

Aryash Trading Company, 74, 82, 86

Athens, 60, 61

Badawi, Abdullah, 47, 109

Baer, Robert, 135

Baute, Jacques, 100, 200–206, 221–23

BBC China shipment, 72–75, 76–92, 131, 237

Berlusconi, Silvio, 165

Bern, 100, 118–21, 161–62, 167, 177, 196, 198, 218, 225, 229, 238, 262

Bhutto, Benazir, 51

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 7, 8, 132

Big Black River Technologies, 13, 59–60, 179, 180

Bin Laden, Osama, 250, 260–61

Biological weapons, 260

Blair, Tony, 58, 91, 102

Blix, Hans, 97

Blocher, Christoph, 124–27, 147–48, 175–76, 192–97, 199, 209–210, 212–20, 226, 229, 236

BND, 146

Boegli, Roman, 161–62, 177, 185, 234, 253

Bolton, John, 55, 68–69

Boren, David, 250

Brewster Jennings & Associates, 60–61

British Virgin Islands, 60, 90, 107

Broad, William J., 231–32

Bush, George H. W., x, 10, 214–15, 232

Bush, George W., ix, 44, 50, 55, 58, 175, 212

flawed intelligence on Iraqi WMDs, 61, 85, 102, 104, 109–110, 142, 150, 218

Iraq War and, 44, 58, 61, 67, 85, 102, 109–110, 142, 192

Khan network and, 68–69, 75, 80, 84, 91, 107, 110, 120, 159, 192–96, 237, 249

Calmy-Rey, Micheline, 209, 215–19

Canada, 9, 213

Carter, Jimmy, 10, 190

Casablanca, 26, 28, 29, 31, 47

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), ix, 16–20, 32–33, 249–51, 261

BBC China shipment and, 72–75, 76–92, 131, 237

case against Khan network, x–xiii, 3–21, 27–30, 31–44, 47–58, 59–75, 76–92, 101–106, 118–27, 131, 137–41, 146–52, 158–66, 169–80, 189–97, 211–24, 225–31, 249, 261

cash payments to Tinners, 59, 63, 74–75, 90, 107–108, 232, 254

Counter-Proliferation Division, 4, 5, 17–20, 21, 29, 43, 48, 51, 60–61, 103, 165

cover-up of Tinner affair, 121–27, 137–41, 146–52, 164–66, 169–80, 191, 210, 212–13, 232

creation and mission of, 16–18

flawed intelligence on Iraqi WMDs, 60–62, 85, 102, 104, 109–110, 142, 150, 218

IAEA investigation of Tinners and, 106–109, 111–17, 136–41, 158–66, 169–80, 197, 210, 225–31, 238–43

Jenins break-in, 3–6, 14–15, 63, 88, 107, 123, 166, 249

Khan prosecution cases and, 101, 106–117, 174, 184, 192–97, 211–24, 233, 249–51

NOCs, 60–61

Operation MERLIN, 48–50

organizational structure, 17–20

proprietary companies, 60

sabotage attempts on Iranian and Libyan nuclear programs, 48–58, 112–17, 122, 137–41, 161, 178

Swiss destruction of Tinner documents and, 220–37, 243–45

Tenet resignation, 150–51

Tinners as spies for, 11–15, 37–44, 45

48, 51–58, 59–75, 76–92, 105–109, 111–17, 118–27, 137–41, 146–52, 158–66, 177–80, 210, 240, 241, 253

Tinners recruited by, 31–44, 127

watch-and-wait strategy with Khan, 30, 57, 68–69, 78, 91–92, 101, 105, 219

Centrifuges, x, xii, 6–8, 21, 47, 52–53, 97, 125, 137, 225, 239

BBC China shipment of parts for, 72–75, 76–92, 131, 237

CIA sabotage attempts, 48–58, 112–17, 122, 137–41, 161, 178

designs for, xii, 7–8, 15, 22, 27, 34, 43, 54, 65–67, 106, 113, 116, 120, 123, 159, 160, 171–74, 178, 179, 198–207, 220–35, 247–48, 261

Dutch, x, 6–8

German, 79–81, 138, 172

G-4, 64, 65, 66, 172, 259

Iranian, 9–10, 25, 48–56, 64, 65, 155, 197, 211–12

IR-4, 259

Libyan, 23–26, 35, 40–44, 48, 54–58, 71, 77–92, 99–100, 113–16

Malaysian, 47–48, 56, 65, 69–75, 76, 178

Pakistani, xii, 6–9, 22, 64, 198

P-1, 64, 74, 77, 99, 100, 128–29, 155, 171, 172, 178, 207, 259

P-2, 64, 74, 77, 79, 89, 100, 106, 108, 115, 129, 155, 159, 170–74, 207, 240, 259

Chemical weapons, 21, 260

Cheney, Dick, 61, 147

Chertoff, Michael, 175–77, 193, 214

China, 97, 175, 207, 257

nuclear program, 34, 56, 100, 106, 130, 133, 135, 195, 201, 206

Cire, Gunes, 35, 41, 120

Clinton, Bill, 68, 175

Congress, U.S., 16, 97, 133, 255

Couchepin, Pascal, 229–30, 235, 241

Davos, Switzerland, World Economic

Forum in, 175–77, 193

Dearlove, Sir Richard, 58

De Klerk, F. W., 153

Deramo Systems, 107, 172

Desert Electrical Equipment Factory, 36, 37, 40, 45, 47

Designs, weapons, xii, 7–8, 15, 22, 27, 34, 43, 48–50, 54, 65–67, 106, 113, 116, 120, 123, 159, 160, 171–74, 178, 179, 198–207, 220–33, 235, 247–48, 261

PAB, 198–201, 203–205, 239, 244

“Dirty assets,” 32

Dual-use technology, 119, 232

Dubai, 11, 12, 22, 51, 56, 65, 73, 74, 76, 82, 113, 131, 142, 143, 170, 171, 205, 222, 233, 254

Khan operation in, 22–31, 33–44, 45–48, 86–88, 90, 116–17, 119, 120, 125, 126, 132, 253

Edwards, Trevor, 114–17, 128, 137–41, 156, 158, 161, 167–74, 177–78, 196–204, 221, 226, 228, 238–40, 247, 248

Egli, Ken, 230

Egypt, 22, 132, 165

ElBaradei, Mohamed, 95–98, 111–12, 158, 206–209

Fahd ibn Abdul Aziz, King, 134, 135

Farooq, Mohammed, 22

Firing blocks, 48–50

Foggo, Kyle “Dusty,” 151

France, 18–19, 37, 38, 97, 127, 207

Gates, Robert, 212, 213–14, 258

Geiges, Daniel, 145, 154, 156, 184

prosecution of, 188–91, 233

Geneva Conventions, 192

Germany, 7, 9, 21, 40, 51, 65, 79, 82, 100, 127, 138, 143, 174, 193, 208, 231, 233, 235, 261

centrifuges, 79–81, 138, 172

intelligence, 31, 97, 143, 146, 185–86

Lerch trial, 183–88

Tinner case and, 146–52, 155, 156, 183–88

Gonzales, Alberto, x, 192–96, 212, 217, 230

Goss, Porter, 151

Great Britain, xi, 7, 141, 174, 207

intelligence, xi, 11, 27–31, 35–38, 46–48, 58, 61, 65, 69, 91, 96, 105, 109, 110, 122, 184, 261

Griffin, Peter, 120, 186–88

Guantanamo Bay, 147

Gulf Technical Industries, 187

Gulf War (1991), 10, 17, 23, 97, 136

Habib Bank, 36

Heinonen, Olli, 95–101, 112–17, 128–32, 136–41, 148–50, 156–62, 166, 167–74, 177–78, 197–208, 223, 230

Hersey, John, Hiroshima, 20

Highly enriched uranium (HEU), 171, 204, 240, 258

Howard, John, 150

Hussein, Saddam, 10, 21

nuclear program, 10, 23, 44, 61, 97, 102, 104, 134, 198, 232

overthrow of, 44, 85

Implosion devices, 204

India, 7, 97, 175, 258

nuclear program, 7, 8, 132

Innsbruck, Austria, 62, 137

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 29, 49, 55, 88, 95–100, 166, 190, 255, 259–60

creation and mission of, 96–97

investigation of Khan network, 95–101, 106–109, 111–17, 125–27, 128–31, 136–41, 142–52, 153–62, 166, 167–80, 196–210, 218, 221–31, 238–43, 248

South African trip, 153–56

Internet, 66, 88, 120, 212

Iran, ix, x, 12, 40, 67, 119, 189

centrifuges, 9–10, 25, 48–56, 64, 65, 155, 197, 211–12

CIA sabotage attempts on nuclear program of, 48–58, 112–17, 122, 137–41, 161, 178

IAEA investigation and, 97–101, 106, 112–17, 128–31, 137–41, 161, 197, 211

-Iraq War, 21, 23, 232

Israel and, 257, 258, 259

Khan network and, x, xii, 6, 9–10, 12, 21–22, 25, 26, 48–56, 75, 77, 86, 112–17, 128–31, 137–41, 155, 161, 191, 197, 256

nuclear program, x, xi, xii, 6, 9–10, 11, 12, 21–22, 25, 33, 44, 48–56, 65, 68, 77, 86, 97, 100, 112, 128–31, 155, 161, 190–91, 207–208, 211–12, 214, 256–61

Russia and, 48–50

sanctions on, 21, 100, 211, 257

United States and, 9–10, 11, 21, 100, 211–12, 257–60

Iran-Contra scandal, 214

Iranian Atomic Energy Organization, 22, 129

Iraq, 10, 192

Gulf War, 10, 23, 97

-Iran war, 21, 23, 232

Khan network and, 10, 23

nuclear program and, 10, 23, 44, 61, 85, 95, 96, 97, 102, 104, 134, 198, 200, 232

U.S. failure to find WMDs in, 60–62, 85, 102, 104, 109–110, 142, 150, 218

Iraq War, 44, 58, 61, 67, 85, 102, 109–110, 142, 147, 165, 192, 231

Islamabad, 27, 231, 255

Israel, xi, 23, 27, 55, 112, 212, 261

intelligence, 97

Iran and, 257, 258, 259

nuclear program, 132, 134

Italy, 65, 165–66, 251

Janiak, Claude, 123–24, 228–29, 236, 237, 241, 244, 247

Janiak commission report, 236–38

Japan, 20, 40, 47, 97, 208, 231

Jenins, Switzerland, 14, 162, 179

CIA break-in, 3–6, 14–15, 63, 88, 107, 123, 166, 249

Johannesburg, 144, 262

Jordan, 119

Joseph, Robert, 189

Kaddafi, Moammar, 10, 11, 23–26, 55, 58, 68, 78, 83–86, 143

nuclear program abandoned by, 85–86, 89, 91, 95, 96, 101–105, 116

Kahuta, 8, 24, 27, 136

Kappes, Stephen, 4, 6, 58, 84–85, 151, 165, 250–51

Karim, 24–25, 99, 115–16

Kellenberger, Markus, 172, 177, 199

Kelley, Bob, 100, 200

Khaled bin Sultan, General, 133

Khan, Abdul Qadeer, x, 6, 18, 259

Al Qaeda and, 260–61

anti-Americanism of, 27–28, 261

arrest and confession of, 103–104, 156, 190, 197, 222, 231

BBC China shipment and, 72–75, 76–92, 131, 237

CIA case against network of, x–xiii, 3–21, 27–30, 31–44, 47–58, 59–75, 76–92, 101–106, 118–27, 131, 137–41, 146–52, 158–66, 169–80, 189–97, 211–24, 225–31, 249, 261

CIA cover-up of Tinner case and, 121–27, 137–41, 146–52, 164–66, 169–80, 191, 210, 212–13, 232

CIA watch-and-wait strategy with, 30, 57, 68–69, 78, 91–92, 101, 105, 219

Dubai and, 22–31, 33–44, 45–48, 86–88, 90, 116–17, 119, 120, 125, 126, 132, 253

espionage in Netherlands, x, 6–8, 161, 261

as hero in Pakistan, 11, 103, 256–57

IAEA investigation of, 95–101, 106–109, 111–17, 125–27, 128–31, 136–41, 142–52, 153–66, 167–80, 196–210, 218, 221–31, 238–43, 248

Iran and, x, xii, 6, 9–10, 12, 21–22, 25, 26, 48–56, 75, 77, 86, 112–17, 128–31, 137–41, 155, 161, 181, 197, 256

Iraq and, 10, 23

Libya and, x, 6, 10, 11, 23–30, 33–44, 48–58, 66–75, 77–92, 96, 99–100, 106, 112–17, 120, 125–27, 137–41, 160, 184–86, 200–201, 233, 245, 256

Malaysia and, 46–48, 53–54, 56, 65, 66, 69–75, 86–90, 109, 110, 114, 119, 120, 126, 159, 178, 223

North Korea and, x, xii, 6, 10, 12, 56, 256

Pakistani nuclear program and, x, 6–11, 21, 24, 41, 67, 70, 82, 103, 105, 106, 110, 112, 113, 189–91, 216, 256–57, 261

prosecution of network of, 101, 111–27, 146–47, 174, 178, 183–91, 192–97, 211–24, 233, 241, 248–51

rehabilitation of, 254–57

Saudi Arabia and, 132–36

smuggling and proliferation activities, x–xiii, 6–20, 21–44, 45–58, 59–75, 76–92

South Africa and, 22, 56, 113, 142–46, 153–56, 184, 188–91

Swiss destruction of network documents, 220–37, 243–45

Swiss investigation of network of, ix–xii, 3–6, 15, 80, 118–27, 146–49, 159, 162–66, 167–80, 193–200, 203, 208210, 211–24, 225–45, 246–51, 261

Tinners and, 11–15, 37–44, 45–48, 51–58, 59–75, 76–92, 106–109, 111–17, 118–27, 137–41, 146–52, 158–66, 177–80, 210, 240–41, 253

Khilewi, Muhammad Al-, 135

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 21

Kinsman, Jim (Mad Dog), x–xi, xiii, 5, 11, 12–15, 18–20, 29, 31, 50–58, 60

BBC China shipment and, 72–75, 76–92, 131

cover-up of Tinner affair and, 121–27, 137–41, 146–52, 165–66, 170, 177–80

IAEA investigation and, 106–109, 111–17, 136–41

Jenin break-in, 3–6, 14–15, 63, 88, 107, 123, 166, 249

retirement of, 151, 174, 249

Tinner case and, 31, 37–44, 47–48, 51–58, 59–75, 76–92, 102–103, 106–109, 111–17, 137–41, 146–52, 165–66, 174, 177–80, 249

Kousa, Musa, 84

Kreykes, Jon, 226

Krisch Engineering, 143, 144

Kuala Lumpur, 45–47, 69–75, 87, 88, 110, 156, 178, 223

Kuwait, 10, 23

Langley, Virginia, 4, 5, 15, 57, 63, 64, 70, 83, 122, 150, 174

Lebanon, 212

Lehmann, Peter, 162–66, 167–74, 177–79, 196–99, 203–204, 221–24, 225, 234–36, 239

Lerch, Gotthard, 26, 35, 79–81, 120, 143–45, 224

arrest and prosecution of, 146–47, 154, 178, 183–88, 191, 233

Libyan operations, 79–81, 113, 143, 147, 154, 155, 184–86

Leupold, Michael, 226, 236, 240

Leybold-Heraeus, 79, 113

Libby, I. Lewis “Scooter,” 61

Libya, ix, x, 12, 23, 35, 40, 67, 189, 205

BBC China shipment to, 72–75, 76–92, 131, 237

bombing of Pan Am 103, 23, 83

centrifuges, 23–26, 35, 40–44, 48, 54–58, 71, 77–92, 99–100, 113–16

CIA sabotage attempts on nuclear program of, 48–58, 112–17, 137–41, 161, 178

IAEA investigation and, 95–101, 284 112–17, 125–27, 128–31, 137–41, 147, 161, 197, 200–201

Khan network and, x, 6, 10, 11, 23–30, 33–44, 48–58, 66–75, 77–92, 96, 99–100, 106, 112–17, 120, 125–27, 128–31, 137–41, 160, 184–86, 200–201, 233, 245, 256

nuclear program, x, xi, 6, 10, 11, 12, 23–30, 33–44, 47–58, 66–75, 77–92, 96–101, 112–17, 125–27, 128–31, 137–41, 143, 154, 184–86, 190, 200

nuclear program abandoned, 85–86, 89, 91, 95, 96, 101, 102–105, 116

sanctions on, 23

United States and, 11, 82–86

Liechtenstein, 8, 12, 14, 35, 62–64, 65, 137

Lintz, Peter, 186, 187

London, 27, 36, 46

Los Alamos National Laboratory, 50–53, 54, 66, 138–40, 203

Macao, 65, 126

Mahaffey, Sean, 13, 60, 179

Malaysia, 45–48, 86, 100–101, 109, 142, 156, 170, 171, 184, 205, 233

centrifuges, 47–48, 56, 65, 69–75, 76, 178

Khan network and, 46–48, 53–54, 56, 65, 66, 69–75, 86–90, 109, 110, 114, 119, 120, 126, 159, 178, 223

police report, 120–21, 125

Manhattan Project, 50

Mannheim, Germany, 183–88

Massari, Muhammad Al-, 134–35

McConnell, Michael, 217

Mebus, Heinz, 120

Mecca, 135, 157

Media, x, 151–52, 187, 228, 230, 231–32, 237, 247, 255–56, 258

Meyer, Johan, 81, 143–46, 153–56, 188, 224, 233

Milan, 165–66, 251

Minty, Abdul, 142

Mohammad, Mohammad Matuq, 24–25, 28, 86

Moussaoui, Zacarias, 175

Mowatt-Larsen, Rolf, 260

M16, xi, 27–28, 35–38, 46–48, 58, 65, 69, 84, 91, 110, 122, 184, 261

Mubarak, Rashid Abdul Aziz Al-, 134, 135

Mueller, Andreas, 234–35, 241–48

Mueller, Robert, x, 194

Musharraf, Pervez, 67–68, 71, 76–77, 82, 91, 103, 131, 254–55

Muslims, 22, 25, 27, 67, 132, 157, 256, 257

Natanz, 141, 197, 211, 212, 258, 259

National Security Act (1947), 16

National Security Agency, 32, 49, 65, 192

NATO, 41, 213

Netherlands, 6, 114, 127, 137, 174, 190

centrifuges, x, 6–8

Khan’s industrial espionage in, x, 6–8, 161, 261

New York Times, The, 61, 135, 231–32

Nicaragua, 214

North Korea, ix, x, 65, 67, 126, 189

Khan network and, x, xii, 6, 10, 12, 56, 256

nuclear program, x, xii, 6, 10, 12, 56, 190, 207, 208

United States and, 11

Novak, Robert, 61

NPT documents, 238–45, 246–48

Nuclear Jihadist, The (Collins and Frantz), x, xii

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 149, 209, 229, 238, 239

Nuclear proliferation, 17, 20. See also specific countries

Obama, Barack, 250, 257, 260

Oil, 25, 46, 132, 133

Omar, Abu, 165

Operation MERLIN, 48–50

O-rings, 141

PAB drawings, 198–205, 239, 244

Pakistan, ix, x, 40, 67–68, 97, 119, 131–32, 136, 156, 205, 231, 233, 254–55, 258, 260

centrifuges, xii, 6–9, 22, 64, 198

media, 255–56

nuclear program, x, 6–11, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 38, 41, 51, 65, 66, 67, 70, 82, 103, 105, 106, 110, 112, 113, 132–33, 189–91, 216, 256–57, 261

sanctions on, 10

United States and, 10, 67–68, 82, 103–104, 255

Pan Am Flight 103

bombing, 23, 83

Panetta, Leon, 250, 251

Paris, 18–19

Pelindaba, 153–56, 184, 202

Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology (PVT), 51–52, 138

Phitec, 119, 120, 125, 162, 172, 173

Plame, Valerie, 18, 60–61

Plutonium, 6, 204, 206

Pretoria, 144, 154

Prosecution of Khan network, 101, 111–27, 146–47, 174, 178, 183–91, 192–97, 211–24, 233, 241, 248–51

Rautenbach, Johan, 243

Reagan, Ronald, 10, 27, 214, 232

Reims, Gottfried, 185–86, 188

Remote manipulators, 206

Rice, Condoleezza, x, 80, 210, 218–19, 230

Riedel, Bruce, 132, 257

Risen, James, State of War, 50

Rockwood, Laura, 148–49

Russell, Richard, Weapons Proliferation and War in the Greater Middle East, 136

Russia (post–Soviet Union), 48, 65, 207, 214, 257

Iran and, 48–50

nuclear program, 49, 207

Sanger, David E., 231–32

Saudi Arabia, 10, 22, 132

Khan network and, 132–36

nuclear program, 133–36

Schmid, Samuel, 213–16

Scomi Group, 46–47

SCOPE, 47, 53–54, 56, 70, 73–74, 77, 86–90, 101, 109, 110, 113, 120, 159, 160, 171, 178

Seidling, Michael, 185–86, 188

Senn, Kurt, 168–69, 177, 199, 226, 227–28, 246–50

September 11

attacks, 60, 102, 122, 175, 217, 257

Siddiqui, Abu Bakr, 35–36, 46

Singapore, 40, 47, 65, 70, 76–78, 119, 125, 158, 205

Khan-Tinner meeting, 76–78

Slebos, Henk, 189

SMB Computers, 33, 36, 46, 87, 117, 157

South Africa, 22, 65, 81, 193, 231, 233, 261

apartheid, 153

IAEA investigation and, 153–56, 184

Khan network and, 22, 56, 113, 142–46, 153–56, 184, 188–91

nuclear program, 22, 26, 56, 113, 142, 153, 202, 208

Wisse/Geiges trial in, 188–91, 233

Soviet Union, Afghanistan invaded by, 10, 27–28, 190

Spain, 40, 142

Spector, Leonard, 190

Stadler, Hansruedi, 244

State Department, U.S., 101, 218

Sudan, 22, 132

Swiss Secret Service, 121–27

Swiss War Material Act, 127

Switzerland, ix–xiii, 3–6, 8, 18, 29, 35, 40, 47, 65, 79, 90, 100, 113, 118–21, 137, 207, 261

disagreements with U.S. over Tinner case, ix–xii, 5, 9, 121–27, 164–66, 180, 193–97, 209–210, 211–24, 225–45, 246–51

espionage laws, 14, 57, 63, 122, 123, 180, 193, 215, 240

export laws, 119, 124, 126, 127, 216, 234

intelligence, 121–27

media, 228, 230, 237, 247

neutrality, 177, 213

parliamentary report on nuclear trafficking and political influence, ix–xii

system of government, 219–20

Tinner case and, ix–xii, 3–6, 15, 80, 118–27, 146–49, 159, 162–66, 167–80, 193–200, 203, 208–210, 211–24, 225–45, 246–51, 261

Tinner documents destroyed, 220–37, 243–45

Syria, 22, 132

nuclear program, 206

Tahir, B.S.A., 22–27, 33, 36, 40–43, 45–46, 53, 54, 55–56, 67, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 86–89, 91, 100–101, 109, 143, 145, 156–58, 170, 184, 186, 187, 197, 254

arrest and prosecution of, 109–110, 120, 121, 156–58, 233

Taliban, 67, 68, 131, 213

Tehran, 21, 26, 48, 51, 106, 130, 161, 212, 257, 258, 259, 262

Tenet, George, 56, 58, 75, 82, 102–106, 165, 188

At the Center of the Storm, 69

resignation of, 150–51

Terrorism, ix–xiii, 17, 60, 61, 67–68, 192, 262. See also specific countries and groups

Thailand, 224, 234, 254

Tinner, Friedrich, xi, xii, 8–9, 10–15, 22, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 38, 47, 51, 79, 112, 119, 148

CIA cover-up and, 12–17, 137–41, 148–50, 164–66, 169–80, 191, 210, 212–13, 232

dual role as Khan agent/CIA spy, 11–15, 57, 59–64, 69, 105–109, 111–17, 118–27, 137–41, 148–50, 162–66, 177–80, 210, 216, 240, 241, 253

investigation of, 101, 106–109, 111–27, 128–31, 136–41, 146–49, 162–66, 167–80, 196–210, 221–31

Tinner, Marco, xi, xii, 10–15, 28, 29, 31, 51–52, 254

arrest and imprisonment of, 162, 164, 165, 168, 176, 177, 209, 224, 234

CIA cover-up and, 121–27, 137–41, 148–50, 164–66, 169–80, 191, 210, 212–13, 232

dual role as Khan agent/CIA spy, 11–15, 57, 59–64, 69, 71–75, 78–79, 88–91, 105–109, 111–17, 118–27, 137–41, 148–50, 158–59, 162–66, 177–80, 210, 215, 221–31, 240, 241

investigation of, 101, 106–109, 111–27, 128–31, 136–41, 146–49, 158–66, 167–80, 195–210, 221–31, 238–43, 248

Swiss destruction of family documents, 220–37, 243–45

Tinner, Urs, xi, xii, 10–15, 28, 29, 31–44, 261

arrest and imprisonment of, 146–52, 161–62, 164, 176, 177–78, 184–85, 209, 233, 252

CIA cover-up and, 121–27, 137–41, 146–52, 164–66, 169–80, 191, 210, 212–13, 232

dual role as Khan agent/CIA spy, 11–15, 57, 59–64, 69, 71–75, 78–79, 88–91, 105–109, 111–17, 118–27, 137–41, 146–52, 158–66, 177–80, 210, 221–31, 240, 241, 253

in Dubai, 33–44, 45–48, 87–88, 90, 116–17, 119, 120, 253, 254

investigation of, 101, 106–109, 111–27, 128–31, 136–41, 146–66, 167–80, 196–210, 221–31, 238–43, 248

last years of, 252–54

in Malaysia, 47–48, 53–54, 56, 57, 66, 69–75, 78–79, 86–90, 114, 119, 120, 178, 223

recruited by CIA, 31–44, 127

released from prison, 233–34, 235

secret code, 72, 168–69, 170

strains of double life, 70, 78

Swiss destruction of family documents, 220–37, 243–45

Tinner documents, xii, 7–8, 15, 22, 27, 34, 43, 48–50, 54, 65–67, 106, 113, 116, 120, 123, 159, 160, 171–74, 178, 179, 196, 198–210, 220–33, 235, 261

Jenins break-in, 3–6, 14–15, 63, 88, 107, 123, 166, 249

“NPT-related,” 238–45, 246–48

PAB drawings, 198–205, 239, 244

secret code, 72, 168–69, 170

Swiss copies destroyed, 220–37, 243–45

Traco, 13, 60, 63, 107, 119, 120, 121, 125, 162, 173

Tradefin Engineering, 143–45

Tripoli, 24, 25, 51, 54, 56, 68, 74, 78, 79, 86, 92, 96, 98, 126, 131, 200, 201, 262

Truman, Harry S., 16

Turkey, 24, 40, 41, 45, 52, 79, 86, 100, 120, 126, 132

United Arab Emirates, 22, 33–34, 137, 256

United Nations, 21, 23, 95, 135, 257

Security Council, 207, 211

United States, ix–xiii

anti-Americanism and, 27, 67, 132, 147, 261

CIA case against Khan network, x–xiii, 3–21, 27–30, 31–44, 47–58, 59–75, 76–92, 101–106, 118–27, 131, 137–41, 146–52, 158–66, 169–80, 189–97, 211–24, 225–31, 249, 261

disagreements with Swiss over Tinner case, ix–xii, 5, 9, 121–27, 164–66, 180, 193–97, 209–210, 211–24, 225–45, 246–51

Gulf War, 10

invasion of Afghanistan, 110, 192, 212, 213

Iran and, 9–10, 11, 21, 100, 211–12, 257–60

Iraq War, 44, 58, 61, 67, 85, 102, 109–110, 142, 147, 165, 192, 231

Libya and, 11, 82–86

North Korea and, 11

nuclear program, 132

Pakistan and, 10, 67–68, 82, 103–104, 255

UPS devices, 52, 99

Uranium enrichment, x, xi, xii, 6–9, 21, 50, 74, 97, 171, 198, 240. See also Centrifuges

Uranium hexafluoride, 71–72, 125, 126, 211

Urenco, 6–8, 64, 114, 128, 161, 172, 174, 178, 190, 256, 259

Vacuum pumps, 50–52, 137–41, 161

Vaduz, 12–14, 62–64, 74, 90

Vakuum Appart Technik (VAT), 8–9

Vez, Jean-Luc, 124, 148, 163, 226, 238–39

Vienna, 5, 29, 48, 49, 57, 95–96, 108, 109, 111–12, 138, 139, 149, 150, 160, 199, 206, 223, 240

Vietnam War, 60, 217

Volkart, Peter, 159–61, 224

Walters, Vernon, 27

Welch, Richard, 60–61

Widmer-Schlumpf, Eveline, 229, 236, 238, 241, 247, 248

Willeford, Pamela, 147–48, 174–75

Wilson, Joseph, 61

Wisser, Gerhard, 81, 143–46, 154–56, 184

prosecution of, 188–91, 233

World War II, 16, 20, 50

Wyss, Othmar, 118–21, 125–27

Yonemura, Miharu, 116–17, 137, 156–59, 167–74, 196–204

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 27–28

Ziswiler, Urs, 214

Zumstein, Hans-juerg, 237

Zurich, 5, 65, 118, 146, 163, 179, 197–98, 206