Preface
1. Human and animal fossils have been found at Pestera cu Oase. See Trinkaus, Erik, Oana Moldovan, Stefan Milota, Adrian Bîlgăr, Laurenţiu Sarcina, Sheela Athreya, Shara E. Bailey, Ricardo Rodrigo, Gherase Mircea, Thomas Higham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey and Johannes van der Plicht. 2003. ‘An Early Modern Human from the Peştera cu Oase, Romania.’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 100, 11231 and Qiaomei Fu, Mateja Hajdinjak, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Silviu Constantin, Swapan Mallick, Pontus Skoglund, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Iosif Lazaridis, Birgit Nickel, Bence Viola, Kay Prüfer, Matthias Meyer, Janet Kelso, David Reich & Svante Pääbo. 2015. ‘An Early Modern Human from Romania with a Recent Neanderthal Ancestor.’ Nature 524, 216.
2. Lorentz, Konrad, 1954, Man meets Dog. Methuen, London.
Chapter 3: I Met a Traveller from an Antique Land
1. Cann, Rebecca L., Mark Stoneking and Allan C. Wilson. 1987. ‘Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution.’ Nature 325, 31.
2. Vilà, Carles, Peter Savolainen, Jesús E. Maldonado, Isabel R. Amorim, John E. Rice, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Keith A. Crandall, Joakim Lundeberg and Robert K. Wayne. 1997. ‘Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog.’ Science 276, 1687.
3. Ibid.
4. Sundqvist, A-K, Susanne Björnerfeldt, Jennifer Leonard, Frank Hailer, Åke Hedhammar, H. Ellegren and Carles Vilà. 2006. ‘Unequal Contribution of Sexes in the Origin of Dog Breeds.’ Genetics 172, 1121.
Chapter 6: Let the Bones Speak
1. Germonpré, Mietje, Mikhail V. Sablin, Rhiannon E. Stevens, Robert E.M. Hedges, Michael Hofreiter, Mathias Stiller and Viviane R Després. 2009. ‘Fossil Dogs and Wolves from Palaeolithic Sites in Belgium, the Ukraine and Russia: Osteometry, ancient DNA and stable isotopes.’ Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 473.
2. Savolainen P., Y.P. Zhang, J. Luo, J. Lundeberg and T. Leitner. 2002. ‘Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs.’ Science, 298, 1610.
3. Larson G., E.K. Karlsson, A. Perri, M.T. Webster, S.Y. Ho, J. Peters, P.W. Stahl, P.J. Piper, F. Lingaas, M. Fredholm, K.E. Comstock, J.F. Modiano, C. Schelling, A.I. Agoulnik, P.A. Leegwater, K. Dobney, J.D. Vigne, C. Vilà, L. Andersson, K. Lindblad-Toh. 2012. ‘Rethinking Dog Domestication by Integrating Genetics, Archeology and Biogeography.’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 109, 8878.
4. O. Thalmann, B. Shapiro, P. Cui, V.J. Schuenemann, S.K. Sawyer, D.L. Greenfield, M.B. Germonpré, M.V. Sablin, F. López-Giráldez, X. Domingo-Roura, H. Napierala, H-P. Uerpmann, D.M. Loponte, A.A. Acosta, L. Giemsch, R.W. Schmitz, B. Worthington, J.E. Buikstra, A. Druzhkova, A.S. Graphodatsky, N.D. Ovodov, N. Wahlberg, A.H. Freedman, R.M. Schweizer, K.P. Koepfli, J.A. Leonard, M. Meyer, J. Krause, S. Pääbo, R.E. Green, R.K. Wayne. 2013. ‘Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ancient Canids Suggest a European Origin of Domestic Dogs.’ Science 342, 871.
5. Ibid.
Chapter 8: Hunting with Wolves
1. Lorentz, Konrad, 1954, Man meets Dog. Methuen, London.
2. Shipman, Pat, 2015, The Invaders. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.
Chapter 9: Why Didn’t Shaun Ellis Get Eaten by Wolves
1. Ellis, Shaun and Penny Junor, 2010, The Man who Lives with Wolves. HarperCollinsPublishers, London.
2. Mowat Farley, 1963, Never Cry Wolf: The amazing true story of life among Arctic wolves. McClelland and Stewart, Toronto.
Chapter 10: Friend or Foe?
1. Mowat Farley, 1963, Never Cry Wolf: The amazing true story of life among Arctic wolves. McClelland and Stewart, Toronto.
Chapter 11: A Touch of Evil
1. Lopez, Barry, 1978, Of Wolves and Men. Simon & Schuster, London.
Chapter 12: The Basic Framework
1. ‘“Super pack” of 400 wolves terrorise remote Russian town after killing 30 horses in just four days’, Daily Mail, 7 February 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1354445/Super-pack-400-wolves-kill-30-horses-just-days-remote-Russian-village.html.
2. Bradshaw J, 2011, In Defence of Dogs. Allen Lane, London.
3. Murie, Adolph. 1944. ‘The Wolves of Mount McKinley.’ Fauna of the National Parks of the United States 5, 30.
Chapter 13: We See the First Dogs
1. Davis, S.J.M., Valla, F.R. 1978. ‘Evidence for Domestication of the Dog 12,000 Years Ago in the Natufian’s of Israel.’ Nature 276, 608.
2. Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, 60 CE, De Re Rustica, Volume II: Book 7. Trans. E.S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner, 1954, Loeb Classical Library 407. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Chapter 16: The Dog Genome
1. Lindblad-Toh K., C.M. Wade, T.S. Mikkelsen, E.K. Karlsson, D.B. Jaffe, M. Kamal, M. Clamp, J.L. Chang, E.J. Kulbokas, M.C. Zody, E. Mauceli, X. Xie, M. Breen, R.K. Wayne, E.A. Ostrander, C.P. Ponting, F. Galibert, D.R. Smith, P.J. DeJong, E. Kirkness, P. Alvarez, T. Biagi, W. Brockman, J. Butler, C.W. Chin, A. Cook, J. Cuff, M.J. Daly, D. DeCaprio, S. Gnerre, M. Grabherr, M. Kellis, M. Kleber, C. Bardeleben, L. Goodstadt, A. Heger, C. Hitte, L. Kim, K.P. Koepfli, H.G. Parker, J.P. Pollinger, S.M. Searle, N.B. Sutter, R. Thomas, C. Webber, J. Baldwin, A. Abebe, A. Abouelleil, L. Aftuck, M. Ait-Zahra, T. Aldredge, N. Allen, P. An, S. Anderson, C. Antoine, H. Arachchi, A. Aslam, L. Ayotte, P. Bachantsang, A. Barry, T. Bayul, M. Benamara, A. Berlin, D. Bessette, B. Blitshteyn, T. Bloom, J. Blye, L. Boguslavskiy, C. Bonnet, B. Boukhgalter, A. Brown, P. Cahill, N. Calixte, J. Camarata, Y. Cheshatsang, J. Chu, M. Citroen, A. Collymore, P. Cooke, T. Dawoe, R. Daza, K. Decktor, S. DeGray, N. Dhargay, K. Dooley, P. Dorje, K. Dorjee, L. Dorris, N. Duffey, A. Dupes, O. Egbiremolen, R. Elong, J. Falk, A. Farina, S. Faro, D. Ferguson, P. Ferreira, S. Fisher, M. FitzGerald, K. Foley, C. Foley, A. Franke, D. Friedrich, D. Gage, M. Garber, G. Gearin, G. Giannoukos, T. Goode, A. Goyette, J. Graham, E. Grandbois, K. Gyaltsen, N. Hafez, D. Hagopian, B. Hagos, J. Hall, C. Healy, R. Hegarty, T. Honan, A. Horn, N. Houde, L. Hughes, L. Hunnicutt, M. Husby, B. Jester, C. Jones, A. Kamat, B. Kanga, C. Kells, D. Khazanovich, A.C. Kieu, P. Kisner, M. Kumar, K. Lance, T. Landers, M. Lara, W. Lee, J.P. Leger, N. Lennon, L. Leuper, S. LeVine, J. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Lokyitsang, T. Lokyitsang, A. Lui, J. Macdonald, J. Major, R. Marabella, K. Maru, C. Matthews, S. McDonough, T. Mehta, J. Meldrim, A. Melnikov, L. Meneus, A. Mihalev, T. Mihova, K. Miller, R. Mittelman, V. Mlenga, L. Mulrain, G. Munson, A. Navidi, J. Naylor, T. Nguyen, N. Nguyen, C. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, R. Nicol, N. Norbu, C. Norbu, N. Novod, T. Nyima, P. Olandt, B. O’Neill, K. O’Neill, S. Osman, L. Oyono, C. Patti, D. Perrin, P. Phunkhang, F. Pierre, M. Priest, A. Rachupka, S. Raghuraman, R. Rameau, V. Ray, C. Raymond, F. Rege, C. Rise, J. Rogers, P. Rogov, J. Sahalie, S. Settipalli, T. Sharpe, T. Shea, M. Sheehan, N. Sherpa, J. Shi, D. Shih, J. Sloan, C. Smith, T. Sparrow, J. Stalker, N. Stange-Thomann, S. Stavropoulos, C. Stone, S. Stone, S. Sykes, P. Tchuinga, P. Tenzing, S. Tesfaye, D. Thoulutsang, Y. Thoulutsang, K. Topham, I. Topping, T. Tsamla, H. Vassiliev, V. Venkataraman, A. Vo, T. Wangchuk, T. Wangdi, M. Weiand, J. Wilkinson, A. Wilson, S. Yadav, S. Yang, X. Yang, G. Young, Q. Yu, J. Zainoun, L. Zembek, A. Zimmer and E.S. Lander. 2005. ‘Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis and Haplotype Structure of the Domestic Dog.’ Nature 438, 803.
Chapter 17: The Genetics of Pedigree Breeds
1. vonHoldt, Bridgett M., John P. Pollinger, Kirk E. Lohmueller, Eunjung Han, Heidi G. Parker, Pascale Quignon, Jeremiah D. Degenhardt, Adam Boyko, Dent A. Earl, Adam Auton, Andy Reynolds, Kasia Bryc, Abra Brisbin, James C. Knowles, Dana S. Mosher, Tyrone C. Spady, Abdel Elkahloun, Eli Geffen, Malgorzata Pilot, Wlodzimierz Jedrzejewski, Claudia Greco, Ettore Randi, Danika Bannasch, Alan Wilton, Jeremy Shearman, Marco Musiani, Michelle Cargill, Paul G. Jones, Zuwei Qian, Wei Huang, Zhao-Li Ding, Ya-ping Zhang, Carlos D. Bustamante, Elaine A. Ostrander, John Novembre, and Robert K. Wayne. 2010. ‘Genome-wide SNP and Haplotype Analyses Reveal a Rich History Underlying Dog Domestication.’ Nature 464, 898.
2. Parker Heidi G., Lisa V. Kim, Nathan B. Sutter, Scott Carlson, Travis D. Lorentzen, Tiffany B. Malek, Gary S. Johnson, Hawkins B. DeFrance, Elaine A. Ostrander and Leonid Kruglyak. 2004. ‘Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog.’ Science 304, 1160.
Chapter 18: The Dance of Life
1. Parker, Heidi G., Dayna L. Dreger, Maud Rimbault, Brian W. Davis, Alexandra B. Mullen, Gretchen Carpintero-Ramirez, Elaine A. Ostrander. 2017. ‘Genomic Analyses Reveal the Influence of Geographic Origin, Migration, and Hybridization on Modern Dog Breed Development.’ Cell Reports 19, 697.
Chapter 19: At the Heart of the Matter
1. Eliot, T.S., 1939, Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats. Faber & Faber, London.
2. Boyle, Evan A., Yang I. Li and Jonathan K. Pritchard. 2015. ‘An Expanded View of Complex Traits: From polygenic to omnigenic.’ Cell 169, 1177.
3. Chase, Kevin, David R. Carrier, Frederick R. Adler, Tyler Jarvik, Elaine A. Ostrander, Travis D. Lorentzen and Karl G. Lark. 2002. ‘Genetic Basis for Systems of Skeletal Quantitative Traits: Principal component analysis of the canid skeleton.’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 99, 9930.
4. Sutter N.B., C.D. Bustamante, K. Chase, M.M. Gray, K. Zhao, L. Zhu, B. Padhukasahasram, E. Karlins, S. Davis, P.G. Jones, P. Quignon, G.S. Johnson, H.G. Parker, N. Fretwell, D.S. Mosher, D.F. Lawler, E. Satyaraj, M. Nordborg, K.G. Lark, R.K. Wayne, E.A. Ostrander. 2007. ‘A Single IGF1 Allele is a Major Determinant of Small Size in Dogs.’ Science 316, 112.
5. Parker, Heidi G., Dayna L. Dreger, Maud Rimbault, Brian W. Davis, Alexandra B. Mullen, Gretchen Carpintero-Ramirez, Elaine A. Ostrander. 2017. ‘Genomic Analyses Reveal the Influence of Geographic Origin, Migration, and Hybridization on Modern Dog Breed Development.’ Cell Reports 19, 697.
6. Schoenebeck. J.J., E.A. Ostrander. 2013. ‘The Genetics of Canine Skull Shape Variation.’ Genetics 193, 317.
7. Young, Amy E., Jeanne R. Ryun, Danika L. Bannasch. 2006. ‘Deletions in the COL10A1 Gene are not Associated with Skeletal Changes in Dogs.’ Mammalian Genome 17, 761.
8. Schuelke M., K.R. Wagner, L.E. Stolz, C. Hübner, T. Riebel, W. Kömen, T. Braun, J.F. Tobin, S.J. Lee. 2004. ‘Myostatin Mutation Associated with Gross Muscle Hypertrophy in a Child.’ New England Journal of Medicine 350, 2682.
9. Mosher, Dana S., Pascale Quignon, Carlos D. Bustamante, Nathan B. Sutter, Cathryn S. Mellersh, Heidi G. Parker, Elaine A. Ostrander. 2007. ‘A Mutation in the Myostatin Gene Increases Muscle Mass and Enhances Racing Performance in Heterozygote Dogs.’ PLOS Genetics 5, e79.
10. Kambadur R., M. Sharma, T.P. Smith, J.J. Bass. 1997. ‘Mutations in Myostatin (GDF8) in Double-Muscled Belgian Blue and Piedmontese Cattle.’ Genome Research 7, 910.
11. Bannasch, Danika, Noa Safra, Amy Young, Nili Karmi, R.S. Schaible, G.V. Ling. 2008. ‘Mutations in the SLC2A9 Gene Cause Hyperuricosuria and Hyperuricemia in the Dog.’ PLOS Genetics 4, e1000246.
12. Hillbertz, Salmon N.H., M. Isaksson, E.K. Karlsson, E. Hellmén, G.R. Pielberg, P. Savolainen, C.M. Wade, H. von Euler, U. Gustafson, A. Hedhammar, M. Nilsson, K. Lindblad-Toh, L. Andersson, G. Andersson. 2007. ‘Duplication of FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 Causes Hair Ridge and Predisposition to Dermoid Sinus in Ridgeback Dogs.’ Nature Genetics 39, 1318.
13. Leegwater, Peter A., Marjan A. van Hagen and Bernard A. van Oost. 2007. ‘Localization of White Spotting Locus in Boxer Dogs on CFA20 by Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis with 1500 SNPs.’ Journal of Heredity 98, 549.
14. Cadieu, Edouard, Mark W. Neff, Pascale Quignon, Kari Walsh, Kevin Chase, Heidi G. Parker, Bridgett M. vonHoldt, Alison Rhue, Adam Boyko, Alexandra Byers, Aaron Wong, Dana S. Mosher, Abdel G. Elkahloun, Tyrone C. Spady, Catherine André, K. Gordon Lark, Michelle Cargill, Carlos D. Bustamante, Robert K. Wayne and Elaine A. Ostrander. 2009. ‘Coat Variation in the Domestic Dog Is Governed by Variants in Three Genes.’ Science 326, 150.
15. Lin, L, J. Faraco, R. Li, H. Kadotani, W. Rogers, X. Lin, X. Qiu, P.J. de Jong, S. Nishino and E. Mignot. 1999. ‘The Sleep Disorder Canine Narcolepsy is Caused by a Mutation in the Hypocretin (Orexin) Receptor 2 Gene.’ Cell 98, 365.
16. Ibid.
17. Williams, J. 1961. Circulation XXIV, 1311.
18. vonHoldt, Bridgett M., Emily Shuldiner, Ilana Janowitz Koch, Rebecca Y. Kartzinel, Andrew Hogan, Lauren Brubaker, Shelby Wanser, Daniel Stahler, Clive D. L. Wynne, Elaine A. Ostrander, Janet S. Sinsheimer and Monique A. R. Udell. 2017. ‘Structural Variants in Genes Associated with Human Williams-Beuren Syndrome Underlie Stereotypical Hypersociability in Domestic Dogs.’ Science Advances 3, e1700398.
Chapter 20: In the Lab
1. Mellersh, Cathryn. 2012. ‘DNA Testing and Domestic Dogs.’ Mammalian Genome 23, 109
2. Forman Oliver P., Luisa De Risio and Cathryn Mellersh. 2013. ‘Missense Mutation in CAPN1 Is Associated with Spinocerebellar Ataxia in the Parson Russell Terrier Dog Breed.’ PLOS ONE 8, e64627.
Chapter 21: The Scientist who Came in from the Cold
1. Nagasawa, Miho, Shouhei Mitsui, Shiori En, Nobuyo Ohtani, Mitsuaki Ohta, Yasuo Sakuma, Tatsushi Onaka, Kazutaka Mogi and Takefumi Kikusui. ‘Oxytocin-Gaze Positive Loop and the Coevolution of Human–Dog Bonds.’ Science 348, 333.
Chapter 24: Born Again: Cloning Your Dog
1. Wilmut, I., A.E. Schnieke, J. McWhir, A.J. Kind and K.H.S. Campbell. 1997. ‘Viable Offspring Derived from Fetal and Adult Mammalian Cells.’ Nature 385, 810.
2. Woestendiek, John, 2012, Dog, Inc.: How a collection of visionaries, rebels, eccentrics, and their pets launched the commercial dog cloning industry. Avery Publishing Group, New York, NY.
Chapter 25: Beyond the Reach of Reason
1. Schleidt, Wolfgang and Shalter, M.D. 2003. ‘Co-evolution of Humans and Canids.’ Evolution and Cognition 9, 57.
2. Ibid.
3. Dale-Green, Patricia, 1966, Dog. Hart-Davis, London.
4. Bradshaw, Paul, 2012, In Defence of Dogs: Why dogs need our understanding. Penguin, London.
5. Woloy, Eleanor, 1990, The Symbol of the Dog in the Human Psyche: A study of the human–dog bond. Chiron, Wilmette, IL.