INDEX

ABC, 75n5

Abu Dhabi, 122–124

Adaptability, 178–180

Additive manufacturing software and hardware, 66–68, 89n14

AEG, 50–51, 53

Aerodynamics, 32–35, 33n2

Afghanistan, 16

Agarwal, Anant, 71–72, 79, 80

Agnefjäll, Peter, 48

AIA. See American Institute of Architects

Air Ocean World Town, 43

Alaska and Eskimo village, 169–170

Al Jaber, Ahmed, 124

American Institute of Architects (AIA), 11, 17, 18, 58, 58n13

American Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company, 11

America’s Army (military training MMO), 160

Anthropocene epoch, 183

Anticipatory design science, 2–3, 20, 172, 178–179, 181–185

Architects and architecture. See also Housing

Fuller’s housing designs. See Dymaxion housing; 4D House

Fuller’s work at father-in-law’s business, 10, 11, 56

modern architecture, Le Corbusier’s view of, 52

reaction to 4D House, 11, 18

Softkill Design, 66–67

Architectural League of New York, 11

Armi, C. Edson, 33n2

Armour & Company, 7–8, 13

Artificial intelligence, 40n9

Asawa, Ruth, 88

Audi, 34

Autodesk, 89

Autodidactic learning, 78, 82, 86–88, 181, 186

Automobile industry, 12–13, 29–46. See also Dymaxion car; specific manufacturers

aerodynamic design, 32–35

automobile design, Fuller’s critique of, 32, 32n1

autoplane prototype, 42

chassis construction, 40

nature as inspiration for, 37–40

Autoplane prototype, 42

Avalon Hill (gaming company), 156, 157

Avion-Automobile, 42

Ban, Shigeru, 187–189, 188n15

Bartle, Richard, 157

Bauhaus, 53, 54, 57, 57n11

Baukasten im Großen, 53–54

Bear Island, Maine, 5–6

Beech Aircraft Company, 14, 49, 62, 64

Behrens, Peter, 50–51

Behrman, Walter, 94n1

Beijing, air pollution in, 118n4

Beistegui, Charles de, 53

Benyus, Janine, 41

Benz, Henry, 33

Biomimesis/biomimicry, 36–37, 39, 40–41, 42n10, 116, 176–178

Bionic Car, 36, 39, 40

Black Mountain College, 15, 73, 82–83, 84, 86–87

Bloomfield, Lincoln, 146, 146n8, 155–156

Board of Economic Warfare, 14

BOGSAT, 145n7

BoKlok house, 48, 55n5

Bolinas (California), 164–165

Bombrini, Riparo, 55n6

Brain, study of, 110–111

Brand, Stewart, 81, 129n16

Brandt, Willy, 93

Brasília, 128

Breer, Carl, 34, 38

Brockmann, Dirk, 112, 112n21

Buckminster Fuller Institute, 104, 104n12

Bundy, McGeorge, 135n1

Bundy, William, 135n1

Bungling Bay (gaming company), 157

Burgess, Starling, 39

Cage, John, 83n10

Cahill, Bernard J. S., 103–104, 103n10

Caniff, Milton, 136n2

Caproni, Gianni, 52

Cardboard houses, 187–189

Cash movement, U.S. states redrawn according to, 112, 112n21

Cayley, George, 37, 39, 46, 177

CBS, 73–74, 75

Chandigarh, 128

Chassis construction, 40

Chaturgana (Indian form of chess), 138, 156

Chess, 138–139

Chicago Institute of Design, 84

China

model city plans in, 128n15

war games, 138

Chrysler Airflow, 34, 35, 35n4, 38

Chu & Trujillo, eds.: New Views on R. Buckminster Fuller, 19n4

Ciphering, 83

Cities. See Domed cities; Ecocities; Urban population

Civilization (game), 157n17

Clarke, Arthur C., 168

Clark Mansion (New York City), 56n8

Climate change, 115–117. See also Environment

CNC machines, 65

Coefficient of drag (Cd), 34, 36

Cohen, Harold, 71

Cohesiveness, 177–178

Cold War, 64, 70, 134

war games and, 143–144

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 185

Commerce Department, U.S., 16

Comprehensive anticipatory design science. See Anticipatory design science

Comprehensivism, 20, 177–178, 186

Continental Classroom (television show), 74, 75n4, 81

Convergence, 13, 180–182

Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, 173

Copper mining, 148

Corb. See Le Corbusier

Cornell University’s School of Architecture, 107

Corporations

environmental initiatives and, 175

nature of, 175

war-gaming, use of, 156n15

Counterculture, 17

Coursera, 79

Cox, David, 91

Crosthwaite & Gardiner, 30

Cuboctahedron, 95, 104, 104n11, 105

Cunningham, Merce, 83n10

Curiosity, 88–92, 186

Curtiss, Glenn, 42

Daimler, 40, 67n22. See also Mercedes-Benz

DaimlerChrysler Innovation Symposium (2005), 36

Darwin, Charles, 182

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 89

de Kooning, Elaine, 83

de Kooning, Willem, 83n10

Delage, Louis, 52

Desovereignization, 150

Dini, Enrico, 66

Dirigibles, 37

Discovery Channel’s Mega Engineering series, 121

Disease maps, 98, 99, 99n5

Domed cities, 118–122, 118nn4–5

climate control in, 131

Houston proposal, 121–122

Manhattan proposal, 118–119, 127, 174, 185

as microclimate, 130–131

Winooski (Vermont) proposal, 120–121

Dominis, John, 164

Drexler, Arthur, 87n11, 119

Durer, Albrecht, 102

Dymaxion car, 12–13, 18, 29–46, 177

disposition of prototypes (cars 1-3), 29–30

Dymaxion Car No. 4 (Foster’s recreation), 30–31

as 4D transportation unit, 41, 57n10

hybrid nature of, 41–42

logo, 37

nature as inspiration for, 37–39, 37n7. See also Biomimesis/biomimicry

problems with, 31, 35, 35n5

Dymaxion Chronofile

archive of, 3n1, 19n4

creation of, 3

influences on Fuller revealed in, 57n11

Dymaxion Corporation (Bridgeport, Connecticut), 12–13

Dymaxion Deployment Units, 13, 61–63

Dymaxion housing (Dwelling Machine), 11, 14, 179

climate control, 60, 60n15, 63

funding for prototype, 61

Graham’s modifications, 49, 64

inadaptability of, 64

industrialized construction of, 57

New York Architectural League presentation (1929), 59–60

patent applications, 58, 58n13

streamlining, 60

suspension system, 57, 57n12, 59, 63, 86

transportable, 57, 60, 148

Wichita House, 48–49, 50, 53n4, 55–65, 180

Dymaxion maps, 14, 95, 100–106

Buckminster Fuller Institute competition (2013), 104, 104n12

geodesics and, 106–107

interaction possibilities, 104, 105

“Mercator World,” 97

One Ocean World Town Plan, 100

polar perspective of, 101–102, 104

Van Wijk’s myriahedra compared to, 105

world peace game and, 136, 151

Early X-Piece (sculpture), 86

Ecocities, 122–127

Ecosystem, human, 43–46

Educational ideas, 70–92, 182n11

autodidactic learning, 78, 82, 86–88, 181, 186

curiosity, cultivation of, 88–92

educational television, 73–78

Fuller’s lectures, 81–88

life-long schooling, 76

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), 72, 78–81, 89–91, 89n13

obsolescence of schools, 71

paradoxical thinking of Fuller on, 88

SIU documentary of Fuller, 70–71

social networking among students, 79–80

edX, 79, 91

Efficiency, 6, 10, 11–15, 77n7, 184–185

in aerodynamic design, 32, 34, 36, 37

of automation, 72, 76

and design science, 176

“doing more with less,” 63, 184

of geodesic domes, 119

in housing design, 60, 63, 174

societal, 78

technological, 147, 149, 175

urban, 119, 126, 155

world game and, 154

Electricity and energy consumption, 117, 151, 170

Electronic Arts, 160

“Energy slaves,” 101

Environment, 115–133

Abu Dhabi initiatives, 122–124

climate change, 115–117

domed cities and, 118–122, 118nn4–5, 130–131. See also Domed cities

ecocities, 122–127

geoengineering and, 115–117, 116n2

geothermal heat exchangers, 131–132

Google Nest and, 174

Green Floats (marine cities), 125–127

green technology, 41

metroengineering, 129–133

naleds, use of, 130

Winooski, Vermont, proposed dome, 120–121

Ephemeralization, 16, 133

Erasmus of Rotterdam, 185

Eslan Institute, 164

ETC Group, 115, 116n1, 116n3

Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), 121

Eurocentrism, 93

European Modernism. See Modernism

EverQuest (multiplayer online game), 158

Exploratory Data Analysis, 110n16

Expo 67. See Montreal’s Expo 67

Factory-produced housing. See Industrialized housing

Factory work, 7, 14

Fadell, Tony, 175

Farnsworth, Philo T., 60n16

Farnsworth House, 54

Flag paintings (Johns), 110

Flisvos Park (Athens), 131

Floating cities, 125–126, 125n12

Floating compression, 86–87

Florida, 126

Ford, Henry, 33, 46, 51, 147, 175

Ford Motor Corporation, 15

Lincoln Zephyr, 34–35, 35n4

Model A, 33, 35, 57, 61, 61n17

Model T, 33, 34, 51

Fortune magazine, 13, 49, 49n1, 53n4, 62, 62n20, 101, 148–149, 148n10

Foster, Norman, 30–31, 123

4D House, 10–11, 18. See also Dymaxion housing

France

cartographers, 99, 100n6

German war planning against, 141–142

Free war games, 140–141, 142, 144, 145n7

Fuller, Alexandra (daughter), 9

Fuller, Allegra (daughter), 10, 31

Fuller, Anne (wife), 8–9, 17–18, 167–168

Fuller, Buckminster (“Bucky”). See also Dymaxion; Fuller, Buckminster, writings of; Geodesics; World Game

as anticipatory design scientist, 2–3

as autodidact, 181

college education, 6–7, 9, 18

crafting his own personal myth, 2–4, 18–20, 42, 58n13

cult status of, 20, 24, 81–82, 167

death of, 18, 168

“doing more with less,” 63, 184

educational television and. See Television

efficiency and, 184–186

eyesight of, 5

family and childhood background, 5–6

futuristic ideas of, 13, 17

honors given to, 17

inconsistency of, 4, 78, 88, 104n11, 167, 176

influence of, 22, 86–88, 168, 189

Le Corbusier’s influence on, 55–56, 59

legacy of, 168–169

map making by, 94. See also Dymaxion map; Geoscope

marriage, 8–9

nonteaching jobs of, 7–8, 10, 11, 14, 49, 56

obituaries, 18

obsessiveness and megalomania of, 49, 88

Papanek and, 168–173, 168n2

personal transformation (1927), 2–3, 10

proselytizing, 2, 3, 18, 81–82, 119, 169n3. See also Lectures and seminars by Fuller

as random element, 189

suicide attempt, 2, 4, 10

teaching and educational positions held by, 73, 152, 152n12. See also Black Mountain College; Harvard University; Lectures and seminars by Fuller; MIT; Southern Illinois University

Fuller, Buckminster, writings of

American Neptune article (1944), 43

“The Case for a Domed City” article (1965), 119

Critical Path, 77, 96, 108–109, 127, 150

The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller, 118

Education Automation, 75, 82, 88, 88n12, 133

Emergent Humanity (essay), 88–89

Everything I Know (lecture 1975), 37, 42n10, 147

4D Time Lock, 11, 58, 100–101

How It Came About (World Game), 136, 153

Nine Chains to the Moon, 13, 64n21, 69

Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth, 43, 113

Portfolio & Art News Annual article (1961), 87

Utopia or Oblivion, 150

World Game Series: Document One, 152

Fuller, Richard Buckminster, Sr. (father), 6

Fuller Houses, Inc., 49

Fundamentals of Neuroscience (MOOC course), 91

Gall, James, 94

Gaming and game theory, 137, 145, 145n6, 186–187. See also God games; War games

World Game, 136–137, 152–156, 160–162, 186

Gaty, John, 64

General Motors, 40

Geodesics, 14–16, 17, 18

automated cotton mill inside dome, 85–86

bamboo domes, 85

Black Mountain dome construction, 83–84

brand name of “geodesic dome,” 106n13

dymaxion maps and, 106–107

first large-scale domes, 83, 118–119

Kahn’s critique of, 165–167

Pentagon, dome constructed at, 84

photographs of geodesic domes, 164

Geoengineering, 115–117, 116n2

Geological maps, 98

Geologists, 182

Geoscope, 95, 107–109, 111, 113, 136n3, 174, 183. See also Dymaxion maps

Geothermal heat exchangers, 131–132

German use of war games, 139–142

Glancey, Jonathan, 31

Gliders, 39, 40

Global Energy Network Institute, 155n14

Global online marketplace, 46

God games, 157, 157n17, 160–161

Goode, John Paul, 94n1

Goodyear, 62n19

Google, 181

acquisition of Nest Labs, 173–175

Public Data Explorer, 113

SketchUp, 65

Graham, William, 49, 64

Greek war games, 138

Green Floats (marine cities), 125–127

Greenhouse gases, 116–117

Green technology, 41

Gropius, Walter, 50–51, 53, 54, 55, 57n11, 65

“Programme for the Establishment of a Company for the Provision of Housing on Aesthetically Consistent Principles,” 50

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964), 135

Habitat (virtual world), 159

Halley, Edmond, 97–98

Happiness map, 112

Harper College (Illinois), 131n18

Harrah, Bill, 29–30

Harvard University

Fuller’s undergraduate time at, 6–7, 18

Fuller teaching at, 73

honors from, 17

partnering with MIT on free online curriculum, 72

speaking at, 11

Hatred, map of, 112

Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 122

Henry Ford Museum, 50

Hewlett, Anne, 8–9. See also Fuller, Anne

Hewlett, James Monroe, 10

Hewlett Packard, 89, 91

Housing. See also Dymaxion housing

adaptability of 3D computer design, 65–68

additive manufacturing software and hardware, 66–68, 89n14

BoKlok house, 48, 55n5

cardboard houses, 187–189

climate control, 60, 60n15, 63, 67

Farnsworth House, 54

Flanders housing shortage, 51

4D House, 10–11, 18. See also Dymaxion housing

Gropius’s view of, 50–51, 53

Ikea, 47–48, 50, 68

industrialized, 51, 54, 57

Le Corbusier’s view of, 51–53

Maison Citrohan, 51, 53

Maison Dom-ino, 51–52, 54

post-World War II shortage, 64

repro-shelters, 67, 69

spacecraft as, 131n19

Suspension Houses Project, 57n12

transportable, 43, 55, 57, 60

Tugendhat House, 54

WikiHouses, 65–67

Houston, proposed as domed city, 121–122

Human Brain Project, 111, 113

Human ecosystem, 43–46

Humanitarian aid, 187

Humboldt, Alexander von, 98–99

Humboldt State University, 112

Icosahedron, 104, 104n11, 105, 106, 107, 110

Ikea, 47–48, 50, 55n5, 68

Indonesia, 170–171

Industrial Designers Society of America, 173

Industrialization of United States, 148–149

Industrialized housing, 51, 54, 57

Infographics, 96, 96nn2–3, 104n12

Information visualization, 110–111, 110n16, 113–114

Integration of technologies, 63

Interaction, 185–187

International Style, 54

Internet, potential of, 181, 183. See also Online

Invention as convergence, 13

Jamais Contente (Jenatzy’s car design), 32

Japan

bullet trains, 36–37

Kamikaze missions and, 143

war games, use of, 142

Jaray, Paul, 33–34, 35n3

Jenatzy, Camille, 32, 33

Jets, 42, 42n10

Johns, Jasper, 109–110

Kahn, Herman, 143, 144n4

Kahn, Lloyd, 164–166, 167n1, 168

denunciation of Fuller, 165–167

Domebooks, 164–165

Refried Domes, 166

Smart But Not Wise, 165

Kaiser Aluminum, 175

Kamprad, Ingvar, 47, 68

Kant, Immanuel, 185

Kennedy, Robert, 146

Kenner, Hugh, 18, 20, 42, 152n12

Bucky, 19

Keyes, Gene, 103n10

Khan Academy, 89n13

Khoshnevis, Behrokh, 66

Khrushchev, Nikita, 16

Kiribati, 126, 126n13

Koller, Daphne, 79

Kriegsspiel (Prussian war game), 139–141, 145, 156, 157

Lambert, Johann Heinrich, 94, 94n1

Laser technology, 76n6

Lavey, John, 112

Le Corbusier, 49, 53n4, 55n6, 59, 65

influence on Fuller, 55–56, 59

Maison Dom-ino, 51–53

Toward an Architecture, 48, 52, 55, 61n18

Lectures and seminars by Fuller, 2, 17, 18, 32, 37, 59–60, 73, 81–88, 90, 108, 131n18, 152, 152n12, 164, 167

Ledwinka, Hans, 35n3

Legacy, 163–189

Lemay, Curtis, 135n1

le Nautonier, Guillaume, 97–98

Liebeskind, Daniel, 55n5

Life magazine, 49n1, 95, 97, 102, 164, 166

Living PlanIT, 124, 124n11

Lorance, Loretta: Becoming Bucky Fuller, 19n4, 56n7

Lord, Athena, 42

Luce, Henry, 148n10

Maison Citrohan, 51, 53

Maison Dom-ino, 51–52, 54

Makerspace, 89–90, 90n16

Malthus, Thomas, 6

Malthusianism, 6, 8, 9, 70

Maps, 93–114. See also Dymaxion map; Geoscope

Cahill’s map, 103–104, 103n10

cash movement, states redrawn according to, 112, 112n21

disease maps, 98, 99, 99n5

European statistical atlases, 99–100

French cartographers, 99, 100n6

geological maps, 98

global voyaging and, 97–98

happiness map, 112

hatred, map of, 112

Johns’s Map, 109–110

Mercator’s navigation map, 93, 103, 105

“Mercator World,” 97

meteorological maps, 98

multidimensional approach to, 96

myriahedral projection, 105

Peters’s world map, 93–96, 104n12, 108

The Statistical Atlas of the Ninth Census (U.S. 1870), 100

thematic maps, 99–100

UN standard map, 93–94

Van Wijk’s myriahedra, 105

water supply (U.S.), 112

WNYC’s U.S. median income map (2011), 111

World Energy Map, 101

Marks, Robert: The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller, 32n1, 46

Marshall Field’s department store, 11, 59

Marshall Islands, 126

Masdar (proposed UAE city), 123–125, 124nn9–10, 128

Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, 124

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), 72, 78–81, 89–91, 89n13

McCone, John, 135n1

McGill University (Montreal), 84–85

McGonigal, Jane: Reality Is Broken, 159, 160n18

McNamara, Robert, 135

Meet the Professor (television show), 75n5

“Mega-City Pyramid” concept, 127, 127n14

Mega Engineering series (television show), 121

Meier, Richard, 55n5

Meier, Sid, 157n17

Mendeleev, Dmitri, 98n4

Mercator, Gerardus, navigation map of, 93, 103, 105, 114

“Mercator World,” 97

Mercedes-Benz, 34, 36, 37, 40

Metabolist movement, 125n12

Meteorological maps, 98

Metroengineering, 129–133

Meyer, Adolf, 53, 55

Mezes, Theodore, 29, 31

Microclimates, 130–131

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 49, 54, 55, 57n11, 63

Military

Dymaxion Deployment Units designed for, 61–63

game technology licensed by, 160n19

gaming Vietnam, 134–137

geodesic domes, use of, 16

Naval Academy education, 9

service in Navy, 9, 13

war games and game theory, 134–137

web development linked to, 178n8

Miller, Marilyn, 7

Milton, John, 185

Milton, Massachusetts, 4

MIT, 71–72, 73

Mobility. See Automobile industry; Dymaxion car

Modernism, 48–50, 53, 54, 56, 63, 64, 69, 70

Moltke, Helmuth von, 140, 143

Mongolia, 129–130

Montreal’s Expo 67, 16, 109, 109n15, 120, 136, 136n3, 146, 162

MOOCs. See Massive Open Online Courses

Moral statistics, 99

Mosteller, Charles F., 75

Multiplayer online games (MMOs), 158–160

Multi-User Dungeon (MUD), 157–158

Mumford, Lewis: The Pentagon of Power, 127–129

Museum of Modern Art

architectural symposium (1948), 49

Fuller exhibition, 87n11

Manhattan skybreak picture in exhibit (1959), 118

Myriahedra, 105

Myth of Buckminster Fuller, 2–4, 18–20, 42, 58n13

Naleds, 130

National Automobile Museum, 30

National Center for Atmospheric Research, 117

Nature as inspiration, 37–39, 37n7, 42–45, 42n10, 177–178. See also Biomimesis/biomimicry

Naval Academy (Annapolis), 9

Naval Electronic War Simulator, 145, 152

Naval War College, 141, 145, 146

Navy, service in, 9, 13

NBC, 74, 75, 75n4

Nelson, George, 49–50

Nest Labs, 173

New York Architectural League, 59–60

New York City

Fuller’s East River plans, 113

Manhattan Dome, 118–119, 127, 174, 185

New York University, 74

Ng, Andrew, 79

Nimitz, Chester, 143

Nomura Securities, 125

North Carolina State College, 85

Octet truss, 16

Online curriculum of college classes, 71–72

Online virtual worlds and games, 158–159, 186–187. See also Gaming and game theory

Pan-American Aeronautical Exposition (1917), 42

Papanek, Victor, 168–173, 168n2, 170n2, 175

Design for the Real World, 168, 169, 171–172

Paris (France), 122

Paris Air Salon (1921), 42

Parkes, Edmund A., 99n5

Patterning, 182–184

Pawley, Martin: Buckminster Fuller, 49n2

Peace, 70, 134–162

Bloomfield’s peace games, 146n8

Fuller’s peace-game thinking, 147–148

funding sought by Fuller for world-gaming, 152–153

war games and game theory, 134–146

world peace game, Fuller’s plan for, 136–137

Penn, Arthur, 84

Periodic table of the elements, 98n4

Peters, Arno, 93–94, 95, 96, 104n12, 108

Phelps Dodge Corporation, 101, 148

Planetariums, 107, 107n14

Planned cities, 127–129

Planning. See Maps

Politics

anti-political rhetoric in world peace games, 149–150

Cold War, 70

disconnect with constituents, 75

Vietnam War and, 85

“Pollution domes,” 118n4

Polyhedron, 102

Porsche, Ferdinand, 35, 35n3

Portugal, proposed ecocity in, 124

Postmodernism, 50

Presidential Medal of Freedom, 17

Princeton University, 87

Pritzker Prize, 187

Projection, 94n1

Quebec, 7

Racing cars, 32–33

Radicalism, 60

Radio communication, 9, 170–171

RAND Corporation, 137, 144

Random element, 189

Rasch, Heinz and Bodo, 57n12

Reagan, Ronald, 17

Refugee shelters, 187–189

Reisswitz, Georg von, 139–140, 141, 145, 156

Renaissance, 97

Repro-shelters, 67

Resource cycling, 46, 178n9

Roberts, Charles, 156

Robinson, Arthur, 94n1

Romany Marie’s (Greenwich Village tavern), 11, 59

Rwanda civil war, 187–188

Rybczynski, Witold, 50n3

Sadao, Shoji, 86

Samsung, 175

San Francisco, 122

Schelling, Thomas, 146

The Strategy of Conflict, 144

Sculthorpe Airfield experiment, 115–116

Seagram Building (New York City), 70, 91

Second Life (online game), 158–159, 160

Seldes, Gilbert, 73

“The ‘Errors’ of Television” article, 73n2

Self-organizing society, 43

Senate Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations (1969), 137, 155

Serendipity, 186

Shelter. See Dymaxion housing; Housing

Shelter magazine, 12, 61n18

Shimizu Corporation, 125–126, 127, 127n14

Shoriki, Matsutaro, 127

Siberia, 130

Sieden, Lloyd Steven, 32n1, 37n7

Buckminster Fuller: An Appreciation (Sieden), 32n1

Sigma I and II war games, 135n1, 136n2

Silver, Aaron, 67

SimCity (game), 157, 160, 161

SimEarth (game), 157

SIU. See Southern Illinois University

Slime molds, 44–45

Snelson, Kenneth, 86–87, 87n11

Snow, John, 99, 99n5, 102n9

Social media, 113

networking among students, 79–80

Softkill Design, 66–67, 67n22

Soft Kill Option (SKO) software, 40

Solar radiation management (SRM), 116–117

Soleri, Paolo, 172n7

Songdo (South Korea), 128

Sonoran Institute, 112

Southern Illinois University (SIU), 16, 70, 71n1, 75–76, 77n7, 82–85, 108

Soviet Union, 16, 144. See also Cold War

Spaceship Earth, 15, 19, 21–25, 90, 96, 108, 150, 185

Specialization, 180–181

SpikerBox, 91

Spore (game), 157

Squatter cities, 129n16

Stager, Gary, 90n16

Stanley, Francis and Freelan, 32–33

State Natural History Museum (Stuttgart), 36

The Statistical Atlas of the Ninth Census (U.S. 1870), 100

Stockade Building Systems, 10, 11, 56

Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering Project, 115–116

Streamlining, 33–35, 60

Sunrise Semester (television show), 74, 75n4, 81

Suspension Houses Project, 57n12

Synergy, 15

Taichung Gateway Park (Taiwan), 131

Tailorcraft, 62n19

Takeuchi, Masayuki, 126

Tampier, René, 42

Tatra T77, 34, 35, 35n3

TED Talk

Agarwal (2013), 71

Benyus (2005), 41

Television, 60n16

educational television, 73–78

two-way television, 24, 71, 72, 75–76, 76n6, 77, 81, 170n6, 181

Tensegrity, 16, 87

Tetra City proposal, 127–128, 127n14

Tetrahedra, 5, 16, 17, 127

Thematic maps, 99–100

Thermochromic tile, 132

Third industrial revolution, 89, 90n16, 91

Thomas Schelling explored the possibility in a book called The Strategy of Conflict, 144

Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth: On Growth and Form, 38

Thorpe, Jonathan, 128–129

3D computer design, 65–68, 90, 111

Thrun, Sebastian, 78, 80

Time magazine, 60–61

Tjaarda, John, 34–35

Tong, Anote, 126

Torpedo tourer, 33

Total War Research Institute (Japan), 142

Toyota Prius, 35

Trademarking of WORLD GAME, 152

Transportation. See Automobile industry; Dymaxion car

Trubshaw, Roy, 157

Tugendhat House, 54

Tukey, John, 110n16

Tuul River, 129–130

Tuvalu, 126

Twitter, 112

Two-way television, 24, 71, 72, 75–76, 76n6, 77, 81, 170n6, 181

Udacity, 79, 80–81

Ultima Online (multiplayer online game), 159

UNICEF, 94

Union Tank Car Company, 16

United Arab Emirates (UAE), 122–124

United Nations, 93–94, 95, 108–109, 161, 183, 187

United States Information Agency (USIA), 109, 135–136, 150

University of Athens, 131

University of Michigan, 84

University of Minnesota, 87

University of Southern California, 66

University of Vermont, 112

Urban heat island effect, 130n17

Urban population, 117, 128–129. See also Domed cities; Ecocities

metroengineering and, 129–133

in squatter cities, 129n16

Utopia, 150n11

Vance, Cyrus, 135n1

van Creveld, Martin: Wargames, 135n1

van Wijk, Jarke J., 105

Variety, 177–178

Verdy du Vernois, Julius von, 140–141

Vietnam War, 85, 135

gaming and, 134–137, 135n1

Violence in virtual worlds, 159

Virtual worlds, 158–162

Volkswagen Beetle, 35

Von Neumann, John, 137, 144n4

Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (with Morgenstern), 144

War games, 134–146

choice-points in, 155–156

compromise as element of, 154

corporate war-gaming, 156n15

free war games, 140–141

kriegsspiel (Prussian), 139–141

non-military implications of military actions as factor in, 142

Raid on Bungling Bay (civilian game), 156

recreational war-gaming industry, 156–157

Sigma I and II, 135n1, 136n2

successful use of, 142

Tactics (civilian game), 156

Vietnam and, 134–137

Warren, Waldo, 60n14

Washington University (St. Louis), 84

Watson, Matthew, 116n2

Weber, Thomas, 36, 37

Wegener, Alfred, 182

Wells, H. G.: Little Wars, 156n16

Wheeler, Earl, 135n1

White, Harvey E., 74, 75

Whole Earth Catalog, 81

Wichita House, 48–49, 50, 53n4, 55–65, 180

WikiHouses, 65–67

Wikipedia, 181

Windcatcher, 123

Wind patterns, 98, 125

Wind resistance, 31, 32–34

Winooski, Vermont, 120–121

WNYC’s U.S. median income map (2011), 111

World Game, Fuller’s plan for, 136–137, 152–156, 186

as alternative to voting, 162

potential for, 160–162

shortcomings of, 154–156, 155n14

World of Warcraft (multiplayer online game), 158–159

World Resources Inventory, 149, 151

World’s Fair (1933), 13, 61

World’s Fair (1964), 119

World’s Fair (1967). See Montreal’s Expo 67

World War I, 9, 16, 133, 141–142

World War II, 13, 61

war games, use of, 142–144

World Wide Web, 178

World Without Oil (online game), 159–160

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 118, 168, 169n4

Wright, Orville, 34

Wright, Will, 156–157, 160

Wright Brothers, 39, 55, 55n6

Wyatt, Wilson, 62

Ydholm, Mikael, 48

Youngblood, Gene, 152

Zeppelin, 43, 57

Zimbabwe construction, 37

Zoomobiles, 42–43, 46, 177

Zulli, Floyd, Jr., 74, 77

Zung, Thomas T. K., 121