* Turenne in the Limousin.
† North of Tripoli; see map p. xliv.
‡ Tortosa and Maraclea fell on 17 February 1099.
§ Latakiah; Bohemund left on 1 March.
¶ The siege lasted 2–11 March 1099.
* Genoese fleet moving south from St Simeon.
† Lord of Ribemont near St Quentin; author of the letters on pp. 167–70, 193–6; see below, pp. 285–5.
‡ Al-Afdal; he had taken advantage of the crusaders’ arrival to capture Jerusalem in July 1098; his negotiations with the crusaders collapsed at Arqah; see above, p. 179n.
* Krak des Chevaliers, 28–9 January 1099.
* Testimony to initial joint authorship to support the introductory dedication. The ‘revered head of Viviers’ is Leodegar, bishop of Viviers, to whom the Historia was dedicated.
† More like fifteen miles.
* c.25 February 1099.
† Raymond adds verisimilitude by extending the dramatis personae, important in proving that the dead were martyrs and continued to help the living.
* For the Egyptian negotiations, see above, p. 179n.
† A surprisingly well-informed reference to Shiite belief.
‡ Al-Afdal abandoned his camp 12 August 1099.
§ i.e. Cairo and Egypt.
* c.11 March 1099.
* A standard expression of eleventh- and twelfth-century anti-Semitism.
* Meeting c.6–7 April 1099. Arnulf of Chocques, elected patriarch of Jerusalem 1 August 1099, deposed in favour of Daimbert of Pisa, elected again in 1112, briefly suspended 1115, died 1118. Controversy clung to him.
† St Nicholas of Lyra, specially venerated at Bari in Italy; Peter Desiderius was a Provençal priest.
‡ Unlikely that a priest travelled so far through hostile territory.
* The bishop of Apt had doubted the lance.
* 8 April 1099.
* The priest Ebrard and the two lay Provençal witnesses are introduced to lend weight to Raymond of Aguilers’s conviction.
* The ambiguity of the outcome of the ordeal is not at all uncommon in contemporary judicial ordeals when the verdict owes as much to the observers’ motives as to any physical results.
* The amir tended to be friendlier than this implies; perhaps the author was influenced by Count Raymond’s later interest in capturing the city.
* 10 April 1099. Raymond of Aguilers was remarkably candid about the leaders’ rows and ambitions.
* The traditional iconography shows St Agatha holding pincers and instruments of torture.
* ‘Rejoice, O Virgin Mary, that alone hast destroyed all heresies.’
† Awkwardly for Raymond of Aguilers, despite his laying of the blame for his injuries on the overenthusiastic mobbing Peter Bartholomew received after the ordeal.
* An apocryphal work of Christian devotion.
† William Hugh of Monteil, Adhemar’s brother; his Cross is used to maintain Provençal spiritual credentials.
* George was a local saint; his shrine was at Lydda.
* The host left Tripoli 16 May; Acre 24–5 May 1099.