* Fulcher visited Antioch in October 1100.
* Fulcher derives these names from Stephen of Blois’s letter of 29 March 1098; see below, pp. 183–5.
* This scapegoating of women and sex for failure was a common theme of crusader campaigns; crusading, as a penitential exercise, and sex sat uneasily together in the minds of clerical arbiters of morality and diviners of God’s will.
* 30 December 1097.
† 20–2 October 1097; there were serious debates as to whether to invest Antioch closely or create a wider perimeter to assist supplies and forage; a close siege was decided.
* Hispania is the valley of Ruj to the south-east of Antioch; see map p. xliv. The raid occurred in late December 1097.
* Bernard of Béziers was in Count Raymond’s entourage.
* The foraging party had stumbled upon a relief army under Duqaq of Damascus.
† This suggests the foraging raid had been a failure, despite the author’s gloss.
* 1 January 1098; possibly more correctly 30 December 1097.
† The author chooses to blacken Taticius and the Greeks for what he probably saw as their treachery and cowardice over Antioch. The reality was more complex; see above, p. 89n.
‡ This implies the existence of a sworn fraternity among the crusade leaders with a common fund.
* Perhaps a confusion with the oath sworn on the evening of the city’s capture on 2–3 June 1098.
† An accurate reflection on Greek dependence on foreign mercenaries for their army.
‡ Taticius’ departure, for whatever reason, proved highly convenient for Bohemund’s ambition to acquire Antioch; see above, p. 89n.
* A reminder of the diversity of people in the army.
† A hill north of the city; see map p. 145.
‡ 28 December 1097.
* Led by Duqaq of Damascus (1095–1104).
† Al-Bara; this great foraging raid of December 1097 was not a success; see Raymond of Aguilers’s account below, p. 150.
‡ 29 December 1097.
* The hill to the south of the city. Tancred fortified it in April 1098; see map p. 145.
† About 20 January 1098; William, viscount of Melun, was nicknamed the Carpenter for the manner in which he despatched his enemies in battle, not for any practical hobby.
* In 1087, William had deserted from the siege of Tudela amid accusations of Muslim bribery.
† During the night of 10–11 June 1098.
‡ Experienced Byzantine general assigned to the crusade after Nicaea; he had marched in the vanguard with Bohemund; for this incident see Shepard, ‘When Greek Meets Greek’, above, p. 89n.
* Hardly; the route chosen over the Anti-Taurus mountains was twice as long as the direct route through Cilicia: see map p. xliv.
† 21 October 1097 to 3 June 1098.
‡ Probably Kerboga, atabeg of Mosul, rather than Berkyaruk, sultan of Baghdad.
§ Firuz; did he and Bohemund converse in Greek? See above, p. 89n.
* Crucial to Anna’s defence of her father.
* Kilij Arslan I of Rum.
* Actually 1 July 1097.
† With his brother Il-Ghazi, rulers of Jerusalem until 1098, when it was captured by the Egyptians.
‡ Late December 1097.
* Not so.
* 21 October 1097.
† Bridge over the Orontes, north of Antioch (‘Iron’ being a pun on Fernus, the Latin name for the river, not the material of the bridge); taken 20 October 1097.
‡ Probably local Christians, Greek or Armenian.
§ 1 July 1097, at Dorylaeum.
* In fact Ridwan of Aleppo, February 1098.
* For the negotiations with the Egyptians see below, p. 179n. The author delights in portraying the crusaders as ‘beggars’ – a good moral if not historical point about spiritual value and reward.
† La Mahomerie, 5 March 1098; see map p. 145.
‡ More and more ships from the west, both Italy and northern Europe, were arriving in Syrian waters providing vital access to supplies, e.g. in Cyprus.
* Fort at the church of St George south of the city, commissioned 5 April 1098; see map p. 145.
† Led by Ridwan of Aleppo (1095–1113), brother of Duqaq of Damascus. The battle of Lake Antioch was fought on 9 February 1098.
* Al-Afdal, an Armenian who had risen in Fatimid service to become vizier of Egypt; for these protracted negotiations, see J. France, Victory in the East (Cambridge University Press, 1994), esp. pp. 165–6, 251–3, 325–7.
* Port of Antioch; the castle in question is called La Mahomerie, opposite the Bridge Gate; see map p. 145.
† 6 March 1098.
* Possibly 8 March 1098.
* See An Eyewitness History of the Crusades: The Second Crusade (Folio Society, London, 2004), pp. 26–7.
† A formal endearment; contemporaries portrayed the formidable Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror, as neither sweet nor amiable, at least to her browbeaten husband.
‡ Possibly of the Danishmends.
* i.e. Paulicians, technically a small eastern heretical sect, but here merely indicating local non-Catholic Christians.
* The night of 2–3 June 1098.
* This refers to the desperate dependence on the supply of horses to make the western knights effective.
* Monastery of St George.
† Evidence for collective action based probably on a common fund established by the council of leaders.
‡ Possibly a renegade Armenian Christian; he knew Greek; see below, pp. 190–1 and note.
* Paulicians and Agulani were eastern Christian heretics, but the terms are not used precisely here (cf. p. 184n).
† A fanciful name for Armenians. These rumours concerned the approach of Kerboga, atabeg (i.e. military governor) of Mosul, with a new relief army.
* This suggests mutual understanding of Greek, possibly shared by Bohemund, whose baptismal name, Mark, was Greek. Bohemund was a nickname after a legendary giant.
† The immediacy of this account has suggested to some the presence of the author on this raid.
‡ 3 June 1098.
§ Governor of Antioch since 1086/7, in 1097–8 an ally of Ridwan of Aleppo.
* 2–3 June 1098.
* The foraging raid’s encounter with Duqaq late December 1097; a misleading verdict on the battle which left the crusaders empty-handed even if the Muslims withdrew.
† Battle of Lake Antioch, 9 February 1098.
‡ 5 March 1098.
* The fort of La Mahomerie.
* 5 June; in fact 2–3 June.