1. Cf. Dodd, Historical Tradition, 279–87.
2. Michaels, John, 212.
3. See BDAG 1093–94.
4. Cf. Augustine, John, 15.4.100.
5. Helpful here is Aquinas, John, 1:207–8.
6. Cf. Chrysostom, John, 29.1.100.
7. Keener, John, 1:576.
8. Bultmann, John, 171.
9. Carson, John, 211.
10. See Wallace, Greek Grammar, 348–50.
11. Cf. M. Zimmermann and R. Zimmermann, “Der Freund des Bräutigams (Joh 3,29): Deflorations- oder Christuszeuge?,” ZNW 90 (1990): 123–30.
12. Keener, John, 1:579–80.
13. McHugh, John 1–4, 251.
14. Cf. Schlatter, Der Evangelist Johannes, 108.
15. Contra Barrett, John, 223; Carson, John, 212.
16. Cf. Calvin, John 1–10, 81; Luther, John, 22:441–46.
17. Michaels, John, 220.
18. Hoskyns, Fourth Gospel, 224.
19. Augustine, John, 14.5.95.
20. Hooker, “Beginnings and Endings,” 186.
21. Cf. BDF § 342.2.
22. Augustine, John, 14.8.97.
23. BDAG 980.
24. Calvin, John 1–10, 83–84.
25. BDAG 644.
26. Augustine, John, 14.10.98.
27. This is the only occurrence of “wrath” in the Gospel.
28. Carson, John, 214.
29. Bultmann, John, 166.