1. Max Weber, “Politics as a Vocation,” in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, ed. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), 128.
2. Aristotle, Politics, trans. Ernest Barker (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), II.5; translation modified by author.
3. Dabiq 7, February 12, 2015, 54–66.
4. Sherry Turkle, Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, rev. and expanded ed. (New York: Basic Books, 2017), xxii.
5. Arnold Schoenberg, Moses und Aron, act II, scene 5.
1. Sahih al-Bukhari 2478, in Sahîh Al-Bukhari, trans. Muhammad Muhsin Khan (Riyadh: Darussalam, 1997), 3:382.
2. Qurʾanic quotations are from the translation by M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), in some cases modified by author.
3. “Erasing the Legacy of a Ruined Nation,” Dabiq 8, March 30, 2015, 22.
4. Al-Tabari, The History of al-Ṭabarī, vol. 2, Prophets and Patriarchs, trans. William M. Brinner (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987), 50.
5. Al-Tabari, History, 2:61.
6. Alfarabi, Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, rev. ed., trans. Muhsin Mahdi (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001), 23.
7. Alfarabi, The Political Writings, vol. 1, “Selected Aphorisms” and Other Texts, trans. Charles E. Butterworth (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001), 93.
8. Alfarabi, Political Writings, 1:95.
9. Alfarabi, The Political Writings, vol. 2, “Political Regime” and “Summary of Plato’s Law’s,” trans. Charles E. Butterworth (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015), 152–53; cf. Plato, Laws, 722c–723b.
10. Al-Tabari, History, 2:57–58.
11. Alfarabi, Political Writings, 2:75.
12. Alfarabi, Political Writings, 2:74.
13. Alfarabi, Political Writings, 2:74–75.
14. Alfarabi, Political Writings, 2:75.
15. Sahih Muslim 6:160–62. Quoted in Shahab Ahmed, What Is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016), p. 48.
16. Robyn Creswell and Bernard Haykel, “Battle Lines: Want to Understand the Jihadis? Read Their Poetry,” New Yorker, June 1, 2015.
17. Quoted in William E. Shepard, “Jāhiliyya,” in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, ed. Gerhard Bowering (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013), 269.
18. Sayyid Qutb, The Sayyid Qutb Reader: Selected Writings on Politics, Religion, and Society, ed. Albert J. Bergesen (London: Routledge, 2008), 38.
19. Sayyid Qutb, In the Shade of the Qurʾan, vol. 4, trans. Adil Salahi and Ashur Shamis (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2001), 133.
20. Raymond Geuss, Politics and the Imagination (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), 115.
21. Carol Duncan, Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums (London: Routledge, 1995), 8.
1. Ann Marlowe, “Should Iraq’s Archaeological Treasures Stay in the West?” Daily Beast, April 11, 2015, https://www.thedailybeast.com/should-iraqs-archaeological-treasures-stay-in-the-west.
2. “Iraq: UNESCO Outraged over Terrorist Attack against Mosul Museum,” UN News, February 26, 2015, https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/02/492082-iraq-unesco-outraged-over-terrorist-attack-against-mosul-museum.
3. “UNESCO Director General Condemns Destruction of Nimrud in Iraq,” UNESCO Media Services, March 6, 2015, http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/human-rights-based-approach/sv3/news/unesco_director_general_condemns_destruction_of_nimrud_in_ir/.
4. “Statement by Thomas P. Campbell, director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, on the Destruction at the Mosul Museum,” February 26, 2015, https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2015/mosul-museum-destruction.
5. “Oriental Institute Statement on Cultural Destruction in Iraq,” March 4, 2015, https://oi.uchicago.edu/about/statement-cultural-destruction-iraq.
6. “Statement on the Devastation of the Cultural Heritage of the Middle East,” March 20, 2015, http://e-a-a.org/docs/EAA_statement.pdf.
7. “Azhar Slams ISIS for Bulldozing Nimrud,” March 6, 2015, www.azhar.eg/observer-en/azhar-slams-isis-for-bulldozing-nimrud.
8. Hénri Grégoire, “Rapport sur les destructions opérées par le Vandalisme et les moyens de le réprimer (31 aout 1794),” http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/decouvrir-l-assemblee/histoire/grands-moments-d-eloquence/l-abbe-gregoire-31-aout-1794.
9. Quoted in Pierre Manent, A World beyond Politics? A Defense of the Nation-State, trans. Marc LePain (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006), 122.
10. Hannah Arendt, The Promise of Politics (New York: Schocken, 2005), 95.
11. Jules Mohl, Lettres de M. Botta sur ses découvertes à Khorsabad près de Ninive (Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1844), 62.
12. Mohl, Lettres de M. Botta, 10.
13. Gustave Flaubert, Voyage en Orient (1849–1851), ed. Claudine Gothot-Mersch (Paris: Gallimard, 2006), 248.
14. Austen Henry Layard, Autobiography and Letters from His Childhood until His Appointment as H.M. Ambassador at Madrid, ed. William N. Bruce (London: J. Murray, 1903), 311.
15. Quoted in Mogens Trolle Larsen, The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land (London: Routledge, 1994), 70.
16. Quoted in Larsen, Conquest of Assyria, 99.
17. Quoted in Larsen, Conquest of Assyria, 132.
18. Mohl, Lettres de M. Botta, 26.
19. Quoted in Elisabeth Fontan, “Adrien de Longpérier et la création du musée assyrien du Louvre,” in De Khorsabad à Paris: La découverte des Assyriens, ed. Elisabeth Fontan (Paris: Réunion des Musées nationaux, 1994), 230.
20. Quoted in Larsen, Conquest of Assyria, 96.
21. Quoted in Lawrence Rothfield, The Rape of Mesopotamia: Behind the Looting of the Iraq Museum (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), 7.
22. Quoted in Edhem Eldem, “From Blissful Indifference to Anguished Concern: Ottoman Perceptions of Antiquities, 1799–1869,” in Scramble for the Past: A Story of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753–1914, ed. Zainab Bahrani, Zeynep Çelik, and Edhem Eldem (Istanbul: SALT, 2011), 320.
23. Quoted in John Malcolm Russell, From Nineveh to New York: The Strange Story of the Assyrian Reliefs in the Metropolitan Museum and the Hidden Masterpiece at Canford School (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997), 38.
24. Quoted in Frederick Bohrer, Orientalism and Visual Culture: Imaging Mesopotamia in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 100.
25. Quoted in Sybil Gordon Kantor, Alfred H. Barr, Jr., and the Intellectual Origins of the Museum of Modern Art (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002), 318.
26. Henry Moore, Writings and Conversations, ed. Alan Wilkinson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 101.
27. Quoted in “The Tympanum within the Arch on the Doorway to the Oriental Institute: The Tympanum Explained,” August 24, 2008, http://oihistory.blogspot.com/2008/08/tympanum-within-arch-on-doorway-to.html.
28. Austen Henry Layard, Nineveh and Its Remains: A Narrative of an Expedition to Assyria (London: J. Murray, 1867), 82.
29. “King Faysal’s Coronation Speech, 1921,” in A Documentary History of Modern Iraq, ed. Stacy E. Holden (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012), 80.
30. Letter of Gertrude Bell to her father, Sir Hugh Bell, July 31, 1921, http://gertrudebell.ncl.ac.uk/letter_details.php?letter_id=495.
31. Quoted in Amatzia Baram, Culture, History, and Ideology in the Formation of Baʿthist Iraq, 1968–89 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1991), 27.
32. Iraq: Travelling Art Exhibition (Baghdad: National Gallery of Modern Art, 1965).
33. “Lorna Selim Remembers,” in Maysaloun Faraj, Strokes of Genius: Contemporary Iraqi Art (London: Saqi Books, 2002), 43.
34. Baram, Culture, History, and Ideology, 28.
35. Quoted in Jabra I. Jabra, “The Crowning Achievement of Jewad Selim: The Monument of Liberty,” Gilgamesh: A Journal of Modern Iraqi Art 1 (1987): 8.
36. Jabra, “Crowning Achievement,” 9.
37. “The Baʿthist Constitution, 1970,” in Documentary History of Modern Iraq, 196.
38. Quoted in Baram, Culture, History, and Ideology, 43.
39. Spencer Ackerman, “Toppled: How the Press Spun the ‘Saddam Statue’ Moment,” Wired, January 3, 2011, https://www.wired.com/2011/01/toppled-how-the-press-spun-the-saddam-statue-moment/.
40. Fox News television coverage from April 9, 2003, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TRVGlUMAik.
41. Sinan Antoon, The Corpse Washer (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013), 103.
42. “From Invisible Enemy to Enemy Kitchen: Michael Rakowitz in Conversation with Anthony Downey,” Ibraaz, March 29, 2013, https://www.ibraaz.org/interviews/62.
43. Christiane Gruber, “Fighting ISIS with a Pen,” Newsweek, June 26, 2015, https://www.newsweek.com/fighting-isis-pen-347335.
1. Quoted in Mario Liverani, Assyria: The Imperial Mission, trans. Andrea Trameri and Jonathan Valk (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 73.
2. “British Jihadi Compares Syria War to Call of Duty,” BBC Newsbeat, June 13, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/27838978/british-jihadi-compares-syria-war-to-call-of-duty.
3. Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture (1938; London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1949), 28.
4. Huizinga, Homo Ludens, 206.
5. Wendy Brown, Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution (New York: Zone Books, 2015), 81.
6. Lev Grossman, “You—Yes, You—Are Time’s Person of the Year,” Time, December 25, 2006, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html.
7. “Facebook’s Zuckerberg Wants to Figure Out Social Equation,” http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Facebooks_Zuckerberg_wants_to_figure_out_social_equation_999.html.
8. Max Weber, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, ed. Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), 973.
9. Jaron Lanier, Who Owns the Future? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), 19.
10. David Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the Word (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010), 296.
11. “Everyone in Middle East Given Own Country in 317,000,000-State Solution,” Onion, July 17, 2014, https://politics.theonion.com/everyone-in-middle-east-given-own-country-in-317-000-00-1819576713.
12. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 160.
13. Quoted in Kara Swisher, “The Sum of Zuckerberg’s Fears,” New York Times, October 2, 2019.
1. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols, and Other Writings, ed. Aaron Ridley and Judith Norman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 155.
2. Kynaston McShine, The Museum as Muse: Artists Reflect (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1999), 116.
3. Plato, Thaeatetus, trans. Christopher Rowe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 155d.
4. [Aristotle], On Trolling, trans. Rachel Barney, Journal of the American Philosophical Association 2 (2016): 194.