Notes

Unless otherwise noted, quoted material is taken from personal interviews conducted by the author.

Introduction

1. “Extreme Inaugural Experiences,” Good Morning America, aired January 20, 2009.

2. “Real Time Net Worth,” Forbes, May 24, 2016, http://www.forbes.com/profile/brian-chesky/; http://www.forbes.com/profile/joe-gebbia/.

Part I

Chapter 1: The Trough of Sorrow

1. “The First Guest Ever on Airbnb Tells His Story,” YouTube video, September 20, 2012, https://youtu.be/jpxInV9es6M.

2. Nathaniel Mott, “Watch Our PandoMonthly Interview with Airbnb’s Brian Chesky,” Pando, January 11, 2013, https://pando.com/2013/01/11/watch-our-pandomonthly-interview-with-airbnbs-brian-chesky/.

3. Ibid.

4. Episode 109, American Inventor, ABC, aired May 4, 2006.

5. Brian Chesky, “View Work by Brian Chesky at Coroflot.com,” Coroflot, July 16, 2006, http://www.coroflot.com/brianchesky/view-work.

6. Squirrelbait, “AirBed & Breakfast for Connecting ’07,” Core77, October 10, 2007, http://www.core77.com/posts/7715/airbed-breakfast-for-connecting-07-7715.

7. Mott, “Watch Our PandoMonthly Interview.”

8. “Greg McAdoo, Partner at Sequoia Capital, at Startup School ’08,” YouTube, January 29, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ5F2KhMLiE.

9. Brian Chesky, “7 Rejections,” Pulse, July 13, 2015, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-rejections-brian-chesky.

10. Erick Schonfeld, “AirBed and Breakfast Takes Pad Crashing to a Whole New Level,” TechCrunch, August 11, 2008, http://techcrunch.com/2008/08/11/airbed-and-breakfast-takes-pad-crashing-to-a-whole-new-level/.

11. Fred Wilson, “Airbnb,” AVC, March 16, 2011, http://avc.com/2011/03/airbnb/.

12. Paige Craig, “Airbnb, My $1 Billion Lesson,” Arena Ventures, July 22, 2015. In this blog post, Craig suggests it was Airbnb’s entry into Y Combinator that scuttled his deal, but Airbnb got into the program in December, so the timing doesn’t quite match up. https://arenavc.com/2015/07/airbnb-my-1-billion-lesson/.

13. Matthew Bandyk, “Republican and Democratic Conventions Still Have Room,” U.S. News and World Report, August 20, 2008.

14. Lori Rackl, “Airbed & Breakfast, Anyone? New Web Site an Alternative to Pricey, Scarce Hotel Rooms,” Chicago Sun-Times, August 27, 2008.

15. “Obama O’s,” Drunkily’s Channel, YouTube video, January 12, 2012, https://youtu.be/OQTWimfGfV8.

16. Mott, “Watch Our PandoMonthly Interview.”

Chapter 2: Jam Sessions

1. “Uber Happy Hour,” Vimeo, February 2, 2011, https://vimeo.com/19508742.

2. M. G. Siegler, “StumbleUpon Beats Skype in Escaping eBay’s Clutches,” TechCrunch, April 13, 2009, http://techcrunch.com/2009/04/13/ebay-unacquires-stumbleupon/.

3. “Travis Kalanick, Uber and Loic Le Meur, Co-Founder, LeWeb,” YouTube video, December 13, 2013, https://youtu.be/vnkvNQ2V6Og.

4. Siegler, “StumbleUpon Beats Skype.”

5. Erin Biba, “Inside the GPS Revolution: 10 Applications That Make the Most of Location,” Wired.com, January 19, 2009, http://www.wired.com/2009/01/lp-10coolapps/.

6. “Fireside Chat with Travis Kalanick and Marc Benioff,” September 17, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt8L8WSSr1g.

7. David Cohen, “The Pony’s Lucky Horseshoe,” Hi, I’m David G. Cohen, July 14, 2014, http://davidgcohen.com/2014/07/14/the-ponys-lucky-horseshoe/.

8. Leena Rao, “UberCab Takes the Hassle Out of Booking a Car Service,” TechCrunch, July 5, 2010, http://techcrunch.com/2010/07/05/ubercab-takes-the-hassle-out-of-booking-a-car-service/.

Chapter 3: The Nonstarters

1. Jason Kincaid, “Taxi Magic: Hail a Cab from Your iPhone at the Push of a Button,” TechCrunch, December 16, 2008.

2. Carolyn Said, “DeSoto, S.F.’s Oldest Taxi Firm, Rebrands Itself as Flywheel,” SFGate, February 19, 2015, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/DeSoto-S-F-s-oldest-taxi-firm-rebrands-6087480.php.

3. “Why Couchsurfing Founder Casey Fenton Is Unfazed by Competitors like Airbnb,” Mixergy, March 30, 2015, https://mixergy.com/interviews/casey-fenton-couchsurfing/.

4. Ryan Lawler, “Lyft-Off: Zimride’s Long Road to Overnight Success,” TechCrunch, August 29, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/08/29/6000-words-about-a-pink-mustache/.

5. “Cross-Country Carpool,” ABC News, July 29, 2008, http://abcnews.go.com/video/embed?id=5456748.

Chapter 4: The Growth Hacker

1. Nathaniel Mott, “Watch Our PandoMonthly Interview with Airbnb’s Brian Chesky,” Pando, January 11, 2013, https://pando.com/2013/01/11/watch-our-pandomonthly-interview-with-airbnbs-brian-chesky/.

2. “Reid Hoffman and Brian Chesky (11/2/11),” YouTube video, November 15, 2011, https://youtu.be/dPp9zc6SIHY.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. “Data-Miners.net—Nathan Blecharczyk,” Spamhaus, http://archive.org/web/20030512215519/http://www.spamhaus.org/rokso/spammers.lasso?-database=spammers.db&-layout=detail&-response=roksodetail.lasso&recno=2259&-clientusername=guest&-clientpassword=guest&-search.

6. Aaron Greenspan, “The Harvard People I Know Who Are Breaking the Law (Again),” October 26, 2011, https://thinkcomp.quora.com/The-Harvard-People-I-Know-Who-Are-Breaking-The-Law-Again.

7. “ComScore Media Metrix Ranks Top 50 U.S. Web Properties for October 2009,” ComScore, November 19, 2009.

8. Dave Gooden, “How Airbnb Became a Billion-Dollar Company,” May 31, 2011, http://davegooden.com/2011/05/how-airbnb-became-a-billion-dollar-company/.

9. Ryan Tate, “Did Airbnb Scam Its Way to $1 Billion?,” Gawker, May 31, 2011, http://gawker.com/5807189/did-airbnb-scam-its-way-to-1-billion.

10. Andrew Chen, “Growth Hacker Is the New VP Marketing,” http://andrewchen.co/how-to-be-a-growth-hacker-an-airbnbcraigslist-case-study/.

11. “Airbnb Announces New Product Advancements and $7.2M in Series A Funding to Accelerate Global Growth,” Marketwired, November 11, 2010, http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/Airbnb-Announces-New-Product-Advancements-72M-Series-A-Funding-Accelerate-Global-Growth-1351692.htm.

12. “Reid Hoffman and Brian Chesky,” YouTube video.

13. Brad Stone, “The New Andreessen,” Bloomberg.com, November 3, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-11-03/the-new-new-andreessen.

Chapter 5: Blood, Sweat, and Ramen

1. “Disrupt Backstage: Travis Kalanick,” YouTube video, June 22, 2011, https://youtu.be/0-uiO-P9yEg.

2. Ilene Lelchuk, “Probe Clears 2 S.F. Elections Officials; Case Against 3rd Remains Unclear,” SFGate, December 12, 2001, http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Probe-clears-2-S-F-elections-officials-Case-2841381.php.

3. Andy Kessler, “Travis Kalanick: The Transportation Trustbuster,” Wall Street Journal, January 25, 2013, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324235104578244231122376480.

4. “Disrupt Backstage: Travis Kalanick,” YouTube video.

5. “Travis Kalanick Startup Lessons from the Jam Pad—Tech Cocktail Startup Mixology,” YouTube video, May 5, 2011, https://youtu.be/VMvdvP02f-Y.

6. Max Chafkin, “What Makes Uber Run,” Fast Company, September 8, 2015, http://www.fastcompany.com/3050250/what-makes-uber-run.

7. Ibid.

8. “Travis Kalanick Startup Lessons from the Jam Pad.”

9. “Travis Kalanick of Uber,” This Week in Startups, YouTube video, August 16, 2011, https://youtu.be/550X5OZVk7Y.

10. “Power Tools,” Time, April 24, 2014, http://time.com/72206/time-100-objects-that-inspire-influencers/.

11. Karen Kaplan, “Ovitz Team Invests in Multimedia Search Engine,” Los Angeles Times, June 10, 1999, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/10/business/fi-46036.

12. Bruce Orwall, “Ovitz, Yucaipa Buy Majority Stake in Entertainment Search Engine,” Wall Street Journal, June 10, 1999, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB928970934179363266.

13. Ibid.

14. Marc Graser and Justin Oppelaar, “Scour Power Turns H’wood Dour,” Variety, June 24, 2000.

15. “Travis Kalanick of Uber,” This Week in Startups.

16. Karen Kaplan and P. J. Huffstutter, “Multimedia Firm Scour Lays Off 52 of Its 70 Workers,” Los Angeles Times, September 2, 2000, http://articles.latimes.com/2000/sep/02/business/fi-14350.

17. Clare Saliba, “Scour Assets Sell for $9M,” E-Commerce Times, December 13, 2000, http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/6043.html.

18. “FailCon 2011—Uber Case Study,” YouTube video, November 3, 2011, https://youtu.be/2QrX5jsiico.

19. Ibid.

20. Ibid.

21. Travis Kalanick, interview by Ashlee Vance, September 30, 2011.

22. “FailCon 2011—Uber Case Study,” YouTube video.

23. Ibid.

24. Michael Arrington, “Payday for Red Swoosh: $15 Million from Akamai,” TechCrunch, April 12, 2007, http://techcrunch.com/2007/04/12/payday-for-red-swoosh-15-million-from-akamai/.

25. Author’s interview with Travis Kalanick and http://fortune.com/2013/09/19/travis-kalanick-founder-of-uber-is-silicon-valleys-rebel-hero/.

26. “Travis Kalanick Startup Lessons from the Jam Pad,” YouTube video.

27. Ibid.

28. “Travis Kalanick of Uber,” This Week in Startups.

29. Ryan Graves, “1 + 1 = 3,” Uber.com, December 22, 2010, https://newsroom.uber.com/1-1-3/.

Part II

Chapter 6: The Wartime CEO

1. Ben Horowitz, “Peacetime CEO/Wartime CEO,” Ben’s Blog, Andreessen Horowitz, April 14, 2011, http://www.bhorowitz.com/peacetime_ceo_wartime_ceo.

2. Aileen Lee, “Welcome to the Unicorn Club: Learning from Billion-Dollar Startups,” TechCrunch, November 2, 2013, https://techcrunch.com/2013/11/02/welcome-to-the-unicorn-club/.

3. Glenn Peoples, “Spotify Raises $100 Million, but Remains Stuck at $1 Billion Valuation,” Billboard, June 17, 2011, http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1177428/spotify-raises-100-million-but-remains-stuck-at-1-billion-valuation; Geoffrey Fowler, “Airbnb Is Latest Start-Up to Secure $1 Billion Valuation,” Wall Street Journal, July 26, 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904772304576468183971793712.

4. Eric Mack, “Plane-in-a-Tree Is the Perfect Getaway for Airbnb,” CNET.com, August 1, 2011, http://www.cnet.com/news/plane-in-a-tree-is-the-perfect-getaway-for-airbnb/.

5. “How Airbnb and Uber Disrupt Offline Business,” TechCrunch, December 28, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/video/how-airbnb-and-uber-disrupt-offline-business/517158889/.

6. Sarah Lacy, “Airbnb Has Arrived: Raising Mega-Round at a $1 Billion+ Valuation,” TechCrunch, May 30, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/30/airbnb-has-arrived-raising-mega-round-at-a-1-billion-valuation/.

7. Steve O’Hear, “9flats, the European Airbnb, Secures ‘Major Investment’ from Silicon Valley’s Redpoint,” TechCrunch, May 17, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/17/9flats-the-european-airbnb-secures-major-investment-from-silicon-valleys-redpoint-2/.

8. “Attack of the Clones,” Economist, August 6, 2011, http://www.economist.com/node/21525394.

9. Mike Butcher, “In Confidential Email Samwer Describes Online Furniture Strategy as a ‘Blitzkrieg,’” TechCrunch, December 22, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/12/22/in-confidential-email-samwer-describes-online-furniture-strategy-as-a-blitzkrieg/.

10. Caroline Winter, “How Three Germans Are Cloning the Web,” Bloomberg, February 29, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-02-29/how-three-germans-are-cloning-the-web.

11. Robin Wauters, “Investors Pump $90 Million into Airbnb Clone Wimdu,” TechCrunch, June 14, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/06/14/investors-pump-90-million-into-airbnb-clone-wimdu/.

12. EJ, “Violated: A Traveler’s Lost Faith, a Difficult Lesson Learned,” Around the World and Back Again, June 29, 2011, http://ejroundtheworld.blogspot.com/2011/06/violated-travelers-lost-faith-difficult.html.

13. Ibid.

14. Foxit, “Violated: A Traveler’s Lost Faith, a Difficult Lesson Learned,” Hacker News, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2811080.

15. Michael Arrington, “The Moment of Truth for Airbnb As User’s Home Is Utterly Trashed,” TechCrunch, July 27, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/27/the-moment-of-truth-for-airbnb-as-users-home-is-utterly-trashed/.

16. EJ, “Airbnb Nightmare: No End in Sight,” Around the World and Back Again, July 28, 2011, http://ejroundtheworld.blogspot.com/2011/07/airbnb-nightmare-no-end-in-sight.html.

17. Ibid.

18. Drew Olanoff, “Airbnb Ups Its Host Guarantee to a Million Dollars,” Next Web, May 22, 2012, http://thenextcom/insider/2012/05/22/airbnb-partners-with-lloyds-of-london-for-the-new-million-dollar-host-guarantee/.

19. Brian Chesky, “Our Commitment to Trust & Safety,” Airbnb, August 1, 2011, http://blog.airbnb.com/our-commitment-to-trust-and-safety/.

20. James Temple, “Airbnb Victim Describes Crime and Aftermath,” SFGate, July 30, 2011, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Airbnb-victim-describes-crime-and-aftermath-2352693.php.

21. Claire Cain Miller, “In Silicon Valley, the Night Is Still Young,” New York Times, August 20, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/technology/silicon-valley-booms-but-worries-about-a-new-bust.html.

22. Jim Wilson, “Good Times in Silicon Valley, for Now,” New York Times, August 13, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/08/13/technology/20110821-VALLEY-5.html; Geoffrey Fowler, “The Perk Bubble Is Growing as Tech Booms Again,” Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303763404576419803997423690.

23. Robin Wauters, “Airbnb Buys German Clone Accoleo, Opens First European Office in Hamburg,” TechCrunch, June 1, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/06/01/airbnb-buys-german-clone-accoleo-opens-first-european-office-in-hamburg/.

24. Colleen Taylor, “Airbnb Hits Hockey Stick Growth: 10 Million Nights Booked, 200K Active Properties,” TechCrunch, June 19, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/06/19/airbnb-10-million-bookings-global/.

Chapter 7: The Playbook

1. Erick Schonfeld, “I Just Rode in an Uber Car in New York City, and You Can Too,” TechCrunch, April 6, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/04/06/i-just-rode-in-an-uber-car-in-new-york-city-and-you-can-too/.

2. Andrew J. Hawkins, “Uber Doubles Number of Drivers—Just as De Blasio Feared,” Crain’s New York Business, October 6, 2015, http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20151006/BLOGS04/151009912/uber-doubles-number-of-drivers-just-as-de-blasio-feared.

3. Nitasha Tiku, “Exclusive: Shake Up and Resignations at Uber’s New York Office, CEO Travis Kalanick Explains,” Observer, September 20, 2011, http://observer.com/2011/09/exclusive-shake-up-and-resignations-at-ubers-new-york-office-ceo-travis-kalanick-explains/.

4. Full disclosure: Bloomberg is my employer!

5. “Travis Kalanick of Uber,” This Week in Startups, YouTube video, August 16, 2011, https://youtu.be/550X5OZVk7Y.

6. “Halloween Surge Pricing: Get an Uber at the Witching Hour,” Uber, October 26, 2011, https://newsroom.uber.com/halloween-surge-pricing-get-an-uber-at-the-witching-hour/.

7. Aubrey Sabala, “While I’m Glad I’m Home Safely,” Twitter, January 1, 2012, https://twitter.com/aubs/status/153532514122743808.

8. Travis Kalanick, “@kavla Price Is Right There Before You Request,” Twitter, January 2, 2012, https://twitter.com/travisk/status/154069401488982017.

9. Travis Kalanick, “@dandarcy the Sticker Shock Is Rough,” Twitter, January 1, 2012, https://twitter.com/travisk/status/153562288023023617.

10. Nick Bilton, “Disruptions: Taxi Supply and Demand, Priced by the Mile,” Bits Blog, New York Times, January 8, 2012, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/disruptions-taxi-supply-and-demand-priced-by-the-mile/?_r=0.

11. Bill Gurley, “A Deeper Look at Uber’s Dynamic Pricing Model,” Above the Crowd, March 11, 2014, http://abovethecrowd.com/2014/03/11/a-deeper-look-at-ubers-dynamic-pricing-model/.

12. Kara Swisher, “Man and Uber Man,” Vanity Fair, December 2014, http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/12/uber-travis-kalanick-controversy.

13. Alex Konrad, “How Super Angel Chris Sacca Made Billions, Burned Bridges and Crafted the Best Seed Portfolio Ever,” Forbes, March 25, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2015/03/25/how-venture-cowboy-chris-sacca-made-billions/#5d29290bfa8c.

Chapter 8: Travis’s Law

1. Travis Kalanick, “Uber CEO’s Letter to DC City Council,” Uber, July 10, 2012, https://newsroom.uber.com/us-dc/travis-kalanick-letter-to-dc-city-council/.

2. Benjamin R. Freed, “Uber Is Hacking into Washington’s Taxi Industry, Linton Says,” DCist, January 11, 2012, http://dcist.com/2012/01/uber_is_hacking_into_washingtons_ta.php.

3. “D.C. Regulations on Limousine Operators,” Scribd, https://www.scribd.com/doc/77931261/D-C-Regulations-on-Limousine-Operators.

4. Mike DeBonis, “Uber Car Impounded, Driver Ticketed in City Sting,” Washington Post, January 13, 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/mike-debonis/post/uber-car-impounded-driver-ticketed-in-city-sting/2012/01/13/gIQA4Py3vP_blog.html.

5. Ryan Graves, “An Uber Surprise in DC,” Uber, January 13, 2012, https://newsroom.uber.com/us-dc/an-uber-surprise-in-dc/.

6. Benjamin R. Freed, “After Stinging Uber, Linton Says He Just Had to Regulate,” DCist, January 16, 2012, http://dcist.com/2012/01/after_stinging_uber_linton_says_he.php.

7. Leena Rao, “Mobile Taxi Network Hailo Raises $17M From Accel and Atomico to Take On Uber in the U.S.,” TechCrunch, March 29, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/03/29/mobile-taxi-network-hailo-raises-17m-from-accel-and-atomico-to-take-on-uber-in-the-u-s/.

8. Ibid.

9. Laura June, “Uber Launches Lower-Priced Taxi Service in Chicago,” Verge, April 18, 2012, http://www.theverge.com/2012/4/18/2957508/uber-taxi-service-chicago.

10. Daniel Cooper, “Hailo’s HQ Trashed by Uber-Hating London Black Cab Drivers,” Engadget, May 23, 2014, https://www.engadget.com/2014/05/23/hailo-london-hq-vandalized/.

11. “SF, You Now Have the Freedom to Choose,” Uber, July 3, 2012, http://blog.uber.com/2012/07/03/sf-vehicle-choice/.

12. Brian X. Chen, “Uber, an App That Summons a Car, Plans a Cheaper Service Using Hybrids,” New York Times, July 1, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/02/technology/uber-a-car-service-smartphone-app-plans-cheaper-service.html.

13. Mike DeBonis, “Uber CEO Travis Kalanick,” Washington Post, July 27, 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/mike-debonis/post/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick-talks-big-growth-and-regulatory-roadblocks-in-dc/2012/07/27/gJQAAmS4DX_blog.html.

14. Del Quentin Wilber and Mike DeBonis, “Ted G. Loza, Former D.C. Council Aide, Pleads Guilty in Corruption Case,” Washington Post, February 18, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021806843.html.

15. Travis Kalanick, “@mikedebonis We Felt That We Got Strung Out,” Twitter, July 10, 2012, https://twitter.com/travisk/status/222633686770786305; Travis Kalanick, “@mikedebonis the Bottom Line Is That @marycheh,” Twitter, July 10, 2012, https://twitter.com/travisk/status/222635403910447104.

16. Travis Kalanick, “Strike Down the Minimum Fare Language in the DC Uber Amendment,” Uber, July 9, 2012, https://newsroom.uber.com/us-dc/strike-down-the-minimum-fare/.

17. Christine Lagorio-Chafkin, “Resistance Is Futile,” Inc., July 2013, http://www.inc.com/magazine/201307/christine-lagorio/uber-the-car-service-explosive-growth.html.

18. Mike DeBonis, “Uber Triumphant,” Washington Post, December 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/mike-debonis/wp/2012/12/03/uber-triumphant/.

19. “Patent US6356838—System and Method for Determining an Efficient Transportation Route,” March 12, 2002, http://www.google.com/patents/US6356838.

20. There were other ridesharing companies that preceded Sidecar. Starting in 2010, one San Francisco service, called Homobile, offered transvestite performers and members of the gay community rides and solicited donations as payment. Sunil Paul says he tried the service on a trip to the airport in 2011.

21. “Travis Kalanick of Uber,” This Week in Startups, YouTube video, August 16, 2011, https://youtu.be/550X5OZVk7Y.

22. Tomio Geron, “Ride-Sharing Startups Get California Cease and Desist Letters,” Forbes, October 8, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2012/10/08/ride-sharing-startups-get-california-cease-and-desist-letters/#767d66027e81.

23. Jeff McDonald and Ricky Young, “State Investigator Lays Out Developing Criminal Case Against Former PUC President,” Los Angeles Times, December 29, 2015, http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-watchdog-peevey-20151230-story.html.

24. Sfcda.com/CPUC, January 11, 2013, http://sfcda.com/CPUC/Lyft_CPUC_SED_IntAGR.pdf.

25. Brian X. Chen, “Uber to Roll Out Ride Sharing in California,” Bits Blog, New York Times, January 31, 2013, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/31/uber-rideshare/.

26. Travis Kalanick, “@johnzimmer You’ve Got a Lot of Catching Up,” Twitter, March 19, 2013, https://twitter.com/travisk/status/314079323478962176.

27. David Pierson, “Uber Fined $7.6 Million by California Utilities Commission,” Los Angeles Times, January 14, 2016, http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-tn-uber-puc-20160114-story.html.

28. “Order Instituting Rulemaking on Regulations Relating to Passenger Carriers, Ridesharing, and New Online-Enabled Transportation Services,” Cpuc.ca.gov, September 19, 2013, http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M077/K112/77112285.PDF.

29. Liz Gannes, “Despite Controversy in Austin and Philly, Ride-Sharing Service SideCar Expands to Boston, Brooklyn and Chicago,” AllThingsD, March 15, 2013, http://allthingsd.com/20130315/despite-controversy-in-austin-and-philly-ride-sharing-service-sidecar-expands-to-boston-brooklyn-and-chicago/.

Chapter 9: Too Big to Regulate

1. Sarah Kessler, “How Snow White Helped Airbnb’s Mobile Mission,” Fast Company, November 8, 2012, http://www.fastcompany.com/3002813/how-snow-white-helped-airbnbs-mobile-mission.

2. Kristen Bellstrom, “Exclusive: Meet Airbnb’s Highest-Ranking Female Exec Ever,” Fortune, July 13, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/07/13/airbnb-belinda-johnson-promotion/.

3. Nicole Neroulias, “Fan ‘Gridderati’ Get Super Soiree—Sexy Treat at Top-of-Line Bash,” New York Post, February 4, 2007.

4. Justin Rocket Silverman, “He’s King of the City That Never Sleeps,” AM New York, June 24, 2004.

5. Ben Chapman, “Website AirBnB.com Lets Users Sublet Couches, Roofs and Other Odd Spaces,” New York Daily News, July 21, 2009, http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/website-airbnb-lets-users-sublet-couches-roofs-odd-spaces-article-1.429969.

6. Ibid.

7. Joe Gebbia, “I’ll Be in NYC Tomorrow,” Twitter, July 20, 2010, https://twitter.com/jgebbia/status/19046704645.

8. “Statements of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Governor David A. Paterson on Governor Paterson’s Signing Into Law Housing Preservation Legislation That Enables Enforcement Against Illegal Hotels,” City of New York, July 23, 2010, http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/324-10/statements-mayor-michael-bloomberg-governor-david-a-paterson-governor-paterson-s.

9. Andrew J. Hawkins, “City Sues Departed Actor for Running Illegal Hotels,” Crain’s New York Business, October 23, 2012, http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20121023/BLOGS04/310239983/city-sues-departed-actor-for-running-illegal-hotels.

10. Drew Grant, “Infamous Airbnb Hotelier Toshi to Pay $1 Million to NYC,” Observer, November 20, 2013, http://observer.com/2013/11/infamous-airbnb-hotelier-toshi-to-pay-1-million-to-nyc/.

11. Adam Pincus, “Illegal Hotel Fines Could Skyrocket,” Real Deal, September 12, 2012, http://therealdeal.com/2012/09/12/city-council-to-dramatically-increase-illegal-hotel-fines/.

12. Ron Lieber, “A Warning for Hosts of Airbnb Travelers,” New York Times, November 30, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/your-money/a-warning-for-airbnb-hosts-who-may-be-breaking-the-law.html?_r=1.

13. NYC v. Abe Carrey Appeal Nos. 1300602 & 1300736, CityLaw.org, September 26, 2013, http://archive.citylaw.org/ecb/Long%20Form%20Orders/2013/1300602—1300736.pdf.

14. “Huge Victory in New York for Nigel Warren and Our Host Community,” Airbnb, September 27, 2013, https://www.airbnbaction.com/huge-victory-new-york-nigel-warren-host-community/.

15. Brian Chesky, “Who We Are, What We Stand For,” Airbnb, October 3, 2013, http://blog.airbnb.com/who-we-are/.

16. http://valleywag.gawker.com/airbnb-hides-warning-that-users-are-breaking-the-law-in-1561938121.

17. Matt Chaban, “Attorney General Eric Schneiderman Hits AirBnB with Subpoena for User Data,” New York Daily News, October 7, 2013, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/state-airbnb-article-1.1477934.

18. “Airbnb Memorandum in Support of Petition to Quash Subpoena,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, https://www.eff.org/document/airbnb-v-schneiderman-memo-law.

19. “Airbnb Introduces Instant Bookings for Hosts,” ProBnB, October 12, 2013, http://www.probnb.com/airbnb-introduces-instant-bookings-for-hosts.

20. Daniel P. Tucker, “Airbnb Won’t Comply with Subpoena from New York Attorney General,” WNYC, October 7, 2013, http://www.wnyc.org/story/airbnb-wont-comply-subpoena-new-york-attorney-general/.

21. “Airbnb’s Economic Impact on the NYC Community,” Airbnb, http://blog.airbnb.com/airbnbs-economic-impact-nyc-community/.

22. “Ruling in Airbnb’s Case in New York,” New York Times, May 13, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/05/13/technology/ruling-airbnb-new-york.html.

23. “New York Update,” Airbnb, August 22, 2014, https://www.airbnbaction.com/new-york-community-update/.

24. http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/ag-schneiderman-releases-report-documenting-widespread-illegality-across-airbnbs-nyc.

25. Jessica Wohl, “Airbnb CMO Knocks Uber’s Growth Tactics,” Advertising Age, October 16, 2015, http://adage.com/article/special-report-ana-annual-meeting-2015/airbnb-cmo-knocks-uber-growth-tactics/300948/.

Part III

Chapter 10: God View

1. Jeanie Riess, “Why New Orleans Doesn’t Have Uber,” Gambit, February 4, 2014, http://www.bestofneworleans.com/gambit/why-new-orleans-doesnt-have-uber/Content?oid=2307943.

2. Tim Elfrink, “UberX Will Launch in Miami Today, Defying Miami-Dade’s Taxi Laws,” Miami New Times, June 4, 2014, http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/uberx-will-launch-in-miami-today-defying-miami-dades-taxi-laws-6533024.

3. “Mayor Gimenez: Uber, Lyft Will Be Legal in Miami-Dade by End of Year,” Miami Herald, September 28, 2015, http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article36831345.html.

4. Leena Rao, “Uber Now Offers Its Own Car Leases to UberX Drivers,” Forbes, July 29, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/07/29/uber-car-leases/.

5. Travis Kalanick, interview with Mark Milian, November 22, 2013.

6. Eric Newcomer and Olivia Zaleski, “Inside Uber’s Auto-Lease Machine, Where Almost Anyone Can Get a Car,” Bloomberg.com, May 31, 2016, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-31/inside-uber-s-auto-lease-machine-where-almost-anyone-can-get-a-car.

7. Ryan Lawler, “Uber Slashes UberX Fares in 16 Markets to Make It the Cheapest Car Service Available Anywhere,” TechCrunch, January 9, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/01/09/big-uberx-price-cuts/.

8. Ellen Huet, “How Uber and Lyft Are Trying to Kill Each Other,” Forbes, May 30, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/05/30/how-uber-and-lyft-are-trying-to-kill-each-other/#4a7e6b063ba8.

9. Carolyn Tyler, “Mother of Girl Fatally Struck by Uber Driver Speaks Out,” ABC7 News, December 9, 2014, http://abc7news.com/business/mother-of-girl-fatally-struck-by-uber-driver-speaks-out/429535/.

10. Travis Kalanick, “@connieezywe Can Confirm,” Twitter, January 1, 2014, https://twitter.com/travisk/status/418518282824458241.

11. “Statement on New Year’s Eve Accident,” Uber, January 1, 2014, https://newsroom.uber.com/statement-on-new-years-eve-accident/.

12. Elyce Kirchner, David Paredes, and Scott Pham, “UberX Driver in Fatal Crash Had Record,” NBC Bay Area, February 12, 2015, http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/UberX-Driver-Involved-in-New-Years-Eve-Manslaughter-Had-A-Record-of-Reckless-Driving-240344931.html.

13. “Fact Sheet 16a: Employment Background Checks in California: A Focus on Accuracy,” Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 2003–2016, https://www.privacyrights.org/employment-background-checks-california-focus-accuracy.

14. Don Jergler, “Uber Announces New Policy to Cover Gap,” Insurance Journal, March 14, 2014, http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2014/03/14/323329.htm.

15. Harrison Weber, “Uber & Lyft Agree to Insure Drivers in Between Rides in California,” VentureBeat, August 27, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/08/27/uber-lyft-agree-to-insure-drivers-in-between-rides-in-california/.

16. Bob Egelko, “Uber May Be Liable for Accidents, Even If Drivers Are Contractors,” San Francisco Chronicle, April 27, 2016, http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Uber-may-be-liable-for-accidents-even-if-drivers-7377364.php.

17. “Family of 6-Year-Old Girl Killed by Uber Driver Settles Lawsuit,” ABC7 News, July 14, 2015, http://abc7news.com/business/family-of-6-year-old-girl-killed-by-uber-driver-settles-lawsuit/852108/.

18. “Uber’s Marketing Program to Recruit Drivers: Operation SLOG,” Uber, August 26, 2014, https://newsroom.uber.com/ubers-marketing-program-to-recruit-drivers-operation-slog/.

19. Laurie Segall, “Uber Rival Accuses Car Service of Dirty Tactics,” CNN Money, January 24, 2014, http://money.cnn.com/2014/01/24/technology/social/uber-gett/.

20. Mickey Rapkin, “Uber Cab Confessions,” GQ, February 27, 2014, http://www.gq.com/story/uber-cab-confessions.

21. Ryan Lawler, “Lyft Launches in 24 New Markets, Cuts Fares by Another 10%,” TechCrunch, April 24, 2014, https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/24/lyft-24-new-cities/.

22. Kara Swisher, “Man and Uber Man,” Vanity Fair, December 2014, http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/12/uber-travis-kalanick-controversy.

23. Sara Ashley O’Brien, “15 Questions with… John Zimmer,” CNN, http://money.cnn.com/interactive/technology/15-questions-with-john-zimmer/.

24. Yuliya Chernova, “N.Y. Shutdowns for SideCar, RelayRides Highlight Hurdles for Car- and Ride-Sharing Startups,” Wall Street Journal, May 15, 2013, http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2013/05/15/n-y-shutdowns-for-sidecar-relayrides-highlight-hurdles-for-car-and-ride-sharing-startups/.

25. “Lyft Will Launch in Brooklyn & Queens,” Lyft Blog, July 8, 2014, https://blog.lyft.com/posts/2014/7/8/lyft-launches-in-new-yorks-outer-boroughs.

26. Brady Dale, “Lyft Launch Party with Q-Tip, Without Actually Launching,” Technical.ly Brooklyn, July 14, 2014, http://technical.ly/brooklyn/2014/07/14/lyft-brooklyn-launches/.

27. “Lyft Launches in NYC,” Lyft Blog, July 25, 2014, https://blog.lyft.com/posts/2014/7/25/lyft-launches-in-nyc.

28. Casey Newton, “This Is Uber’s Playbook for Sabotaging Lyft,” Verge, August 26, 2014, http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/26/6067663/this-is-ubers-playbook-for-sabotaging-lyft.

29. In September 2012, I washed cars for the Cherry service in San Francisco and was mentored and reviewed by an older washer, Kenny Chen. “Brad needs to look out for traffic,” he wrote; Brad Stone, “My Life as a TaskRabbit,” Bloomberg.com, September 13, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-09-13/my-life-as-a-taskrabbit.

30. Dan Levine, “Exclusive: Lyft Board Members Discussed Replacing CEO, Court Documents Reveal,” Reuters, November 7, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-lyft-ceo-lawsuit-exclusive-idUSKBN0IR2HA20141108.

31. Douglas Macmillan, “Lyft Alleges Former Executive Took Secret Documents with Him to Uber,” Wall Street Journal, November 5, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/11/05/lyft-alleges-former-executive-took-secret-documents-with-him-to-uber/.

32. Travis VanderZanden, “All the Facts Will Come Out,” Twitter, November 6, 2014, https://twitter.com/travisv/status/530398592968585217.

33. Joseph Menn and Dan Levine, “Exclusive—U.S. Justice Dept. Probes Data Breach at Uber: Sources,” Reuters, December 18, 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/uber-tech-lyft-probe-exclusive-idUSKBN0U12FH20151219.

34. Dan Levine, “Uber, Lyft Settle Litigation Involving Top Executives,” Reuters, June 28, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-lyft-idUSKCN0ZE0FP.

35. Kristen V. Brown, “Uber Shifts into Mid-Market Headquarters,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 2, 2014, http://www.sfgate.com/technology/article/Uber-shifts-into-Mid-Market-headquarters-5521166.php.

36. Mike Isaac, “Uber Picks David Plouffe to Wage Regulatory Fight,” New York Times, August 19, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/technology/uber-picks-a-political-insider-to-wage-its-regulatory-battles.html.

37. Kim Lyons, “In Clash of Cultures, PUC Grapples with Brave New Tech World,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, August 24, 2014, http://www.post-gazette.com/business/2014/08/24/In-clash-of-cultures-PUC-grapples-with-brave-new-tech-world/stories/201408240002.

38. Sarah Lacy, “The Horrific Trickle-Down of Asshole Culture: Why I’ve Just Deleted Uber from My Phone,” Pando, October 22, 2014, https://pando.com/2014/10/22/the-horrific-trickle-down-of-asshole-culture-at-a-company-like-uber/.

39. Charlie Warzel, “Sexist French Uber Promotion Pairs Riders with ‘Hot Chick’ Drivers,” BuzzFeed, October 21, 2014, https://www.buzzfeed.com/charliewarzel/french-uber-bird-hunting-promotion-pairs-lyon-riders-with-a?utm_term=.smxR9a9Q8#.miaNnpnDJ.

40. Lacy, “The Horrific Trickle-Down of Asshole Culture.”

41. Ben Smith, “Uber Executive Suggests Digging Up Dirt on Journalists,” BuzzFeed, November 17, 2014, https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists?utm_term=.dqX1DyDkz#.epX2XQXbO.

42. Nicole Campbell, “What Was Said at the Uber Dinner,” Huffington Post, November 21, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nicole-campbell/what-was-said-at-the-uber_b_6198250.html.

Chapter 11: Escape Velocity

1. Brian Chesky, speech at iHub, Nairobi, July 26, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFhwh3Ex6Zg.

2. Harrison Weber, “Top Designers React to Airbnb’s Controversial New Logo,” VentureBeat, July 18, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/07/18/top-designers-react-to-airbnbs-controversial-new-logo/.

3. “State of the Airbnb Union: A Keynote with Brian Chesky,” YouTube video, November 24, 2014, https://youtu.be/EKX5W8r0Pgc?list=PLe_YVMnS1oXYMnclJtn2-anpH7PDUFip_.

4. Alex Konrad, “Airbnb Cofounders to Become First Sharing Economy Billionaires As Company Nears $10 Billion Valuation,” Forbes, March 20, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2014/03/20/airbnb-cofounders-are-billionaires/#2a6b41b641ab.

5. James Lo Chi-hao, “Backpacker Dies from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning,” China Post, December 31, 2013, http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2013/12/31/397194/Backpacker-dies.htm.

6. Hope Well, “@bchesky Our Daughter Elizabeth Passed Away,” Twitter, January 21, 2014, https://twitter.com/hopewell828/status/425777540624424960.

7. William B. Smith, “Taming the Digital Wild West,” Abramson Smith Waldsmith, http://www.aswllp.com/content/images/Taming-The-Digital-Wild-West.pdf.

8. Ryan Lawler, “To Ensure Guest Safety, Airbnb Is Giving Away Safety Cards, First Aid Kits, and Smoke & CO Detectors,” TechCrunch, February 21, 2014, https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/21/airbnb-safety-giveaway/.

9. “A Huge Step Forward for Home Sharing in Portland,” Airbnb Action, July 30, 2014, https://www.airbnbaction.com/home-sharing-in-portland/.

10. Elliot Njus, “Airbnb, Acting as Portland’s Lodging Tax Collector, Won’t Hand Over Users’ Names or Addresses,” Oregonian, July 21, 2014, http://www.oregonlive.com/front-porch/index.ssf/2014/07/airbnb_acting_as_portlands_lod.html.

11. Brian Chesky, “Shared City,” Medium, March 26, 2014, https://medium.com/@bchesky/shared-city-db9746750a3a.

12. John Cote, “Airbnb, Other Sites Owe City Hotel Tax, S.F. Says,” SFGate, April 4, 2012, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Airbnb-other-sites-owe-city-hotel-tax-S-F-says-3457290.php.

13. Chesky, “Shared City.”

14. “San Francisco, Taxes and the Airbnb Community,” Airbnb Action, March 31, 2014, https://www.airbnbaction.com/san-francisco-taxes-airbnb-community/.

15. Philip Matier and Andrew Ross, “Airbnb Pays Tax Bill of ‘Tens of Millions’ to S.F,” SFGate, February 18, 2015, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/M-R-Airbnb-pays-tens-of-millions-in-back-6087802.php.

16. Amina Elahi, “Airbnb to Begin Collecting Chicago Hotel Tax Feb. 15,” Chicago Tribune, January 30, 2015, http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/originals/chi-airbnb-chicago-taxes-bsi-20150130-story.html.

17. Emily Badger, “Airbnb Is About to Start Collecting Hotel Taxes in More Major Cities, Including Washington,” Washington Post, January 29, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/01/29/airbnb-is-about-to-start-collecting-hotel-taxes-in-more-major-cities-including-washington/.

18. Dustin Gardiner, “Airbnb to Charge Sales Tax on Phoenix Rentals,” Arizona Republic, June 26, 2015, http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix/2015/06/25/airbnb-charge-sales-tax-phoenix-rentals/29283651/.

19. Vince Lattanzio, “You’ll No Longer Be Breaking the Law Renting on Airbnb,” NBC 10, June 19, 2015, http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Youll-No-Longer-Be-Breaking-the-Law-by-Renting-on-Airbnb-308272641.html.

20. “Amsterdam and Airbnb Sign Agreement on Home Sharing and Tourist Tax,” I Amsterdam, December 18, 2014, http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/media-centre/city-hall/press-releases/2014-press-room/amsterdam-airbnb-agreement.

21. “A Major Step Forward in Paris and France—Une Avancée Majeure En France,” Airbnb Action, March 26, 2014, https://www.airbnbaction.com/major-step-forward-paris-france/.

22. Sean O’Neill, “American Hotel Association to Fight Airbnb and Short-Term Rentals,” Tnooz, April 30, 2014, https://www.tnooz.com/article/american-hotel-association-launches-fightback-airbnb-short-term-rentals/.

23. Josh Dawsey, “Union Financed Fight to Block Airbnb in New York City,” Wall Street Journal, May 9, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/union-financed-fight-to-block-airbnb-in-new-york-city-1462842763.

24. Jessica Pressler, “The Dumbest Person in Your Building Is Passing Out Keys to Your Front Door!,” NYMag.com, September 23, 2014, http://nymag.com/news/features/airbnb-in-new-york-debate-2014-9/.

25. “A.G. Schneiderman Releases Report Documenting Widespread Illegality Across Airbnb’s NYC Listings; Site Dominated by Commercial Users,” New York State Attorney General, October 1, 2014, http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/ag-schneiderman-releases-report-documenting-widespread-illegality-across-airbnbs-nyc.

26. Carolyn Said, “S.F. Airbnb Law Off to Slow Start; Hosts Say It’s Cumbersome,” SFGate, March 3, 2015, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/S-F-Airbnb-law-off-to-slow-start-hosts-say-6110902.php.

27. Philip Matier and Andrew Ross, “Airbnb Backers Invest Big on Chiu’s Campaign Against Campos,” SFGate, October 15, 2014, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Airbnb-backers-invest-big-on-Chiu-s-campaign-5822784.php.

28. Dara Kerr, “San Francisco Mayor Signs Landmark Law Making Airbnb Legal,” CNET.com, October 28, 2014, http://www.cnet.com/news/san-francisco-mayor-makes-airbnb-law-official/.

29. “Historic Day for Home Sharing in San Francisco,” Airbnb Action, October 27, 2014, https://www.airbnbaction.com/historic-day-home-sharing-san-francisco/.

30. Peter Shih, http://susie-c.tumblr.com/post/58375244538/peter-shih-wrote-this-yesterday-when-everyone.

31. Carolyn Said, “Would SF Prop. F Spur Airbnb Suits, with Neighbor Suing Neighbor?,” SFGate, August 31, 2015, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Would-SF-Prop-F-spur-Airbnb-suits-with-neighbor-6472468.php.

32. Daniel Hirsch, “Report: Airbnb Cuts into Housing, Should Share Data,” MissionLocal, May 14, 2015, http://missionlocal.org/2015/05/report-airbnb-cuts-into-housing-should-give-up-data/.

33. Booth Kwan, “Protesters Occupy Airbnb HQ Ahead of Housing Affordability Vote,” Guardian, November 2, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/nov/02/airbnb-san-francisco-headquarters-occupied-housing-protesters.

34. Eric Johnson, “‘Re/Code Decode’: Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky Talks Paris Terror Attacks, San Francisco Politics,” Recode, November 30, 2015, http://www.recode.net/2015/11/30/11621000/recode-decode-airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-talks-paris-terror-attacks-san.

35. Carolyn Said, “Prop. F: S.F. Voters Reject Measure to Restrict Airbnb Rentals,” SFGate, November 4, 2015, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Prop-F-Measure-to-restrict-Airbnb-rentals-6609176.php.

36. “Berlin Authorities Crack Down on Airbnb Rental Boom,” Guardian, May 1, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/may/01/berlin-authorities-taking-stand-against-airbnb-rental-boom.

37. Yuji Nakamura, “Airbnb Faces Major Threat in Japan, Its Fastest-Growing Market,” Bloomberg.com, February 18, 2016, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-18/fastest-growing-airbnb-market-under-threat-as-japan-cracks-down.

38. Murray Cox and Tom Slee, “How Airbnb’s Data Hid the Facts in New York City,” InsideAirbnb.com, February 10, 2016, http://insideairbnb.com/reports/how-airbnbs-data-hid-the-facts-in-new-york-city.pdf.

39. Erik Larson and Andrew M. Harris, “Airbnb Sued, Accused of Ignoring Hosts’ Race Discrimination,” Bloomberg.com, May 18, 2016, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-18/airbnb-sued-over-host-s-alleged-discrimination-against-black-man.

40. Benjamin Edelman, “Preventing Discrimination at Airbnb,” BenEdelman.org, June 23, 2016, http://www.benedelman.org/news/062316-1.html.

41. Kristen Clarke, “Does Airbnb Enable Racism?,” New York Times, August 23, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/23/opinion/how-airbnb-can-fight-racial-discrimination.html.

42. Melissa Mittelman, “Airbnb Hires Eric Holder to Develop Anti-Discrimination Plan,” Bloomberg.com, July 20, 2016, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-20/airbnb-hires-eric-holder-to-develop-anti-discrimination-plan.

43. “Airbnb CEO on Discrimination: ‘I Think We Were Late to This Issue,’” Fortune, July 13, 2016, http://fortune.com/2016/07/13/airbnb-chesky-discrimination/.

44. Max Chafkin and Eric Newcomer, “Airbnb Faces Growing Pains as It Passes 100 Million Guests,” July 11, 2016, Bloomberg.com, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-11/airbnb-faces-growing-pains-as-it-passes-100-million-users.

45. Dennis Schaal, “Expedia Buys HomeAway for $3.9 Billion,” Skift, November 4, 2015, https://skift.com/2015/11/04/expedia-acquires-homeaway-for-3-9-billion/.

46. Amy Plitt, “NYC Hotel Rates May Be Dropping Thanks to Airbnb,” Curbed NY, April 19, 2016, http://ny.curbed.com/2016/4/19/11458984/airbnb-new-york-hotel-rates-dropping.

Chapter 12: Global Mega-Unicorn Death Match!

1. Rhiannon Williams and Matt Warman, “London at a Standstill but Uber Claims Taxi Strike Victory,” Telegraph, June 11, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10892224/London-at-a-standstill-but-Uber-claims-taxi-strike-victory.html.

2. James Titcomb, “What Is Uber and Why Does TFL Want to Crack Down on It?,” Telegraph, September 30, 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/uber/11902093/What-is-Uber-and-why-does-TfL-want-to-crack-down-on-it.html.

3. Oscar Williams-Grut, “Taxi Drivers Caused Chaos at London’s City Hall after Boris Johnson Called Them ‘Luddites,’” Business Insider, September 16, 2015, http://www.businessinsider.com/london-mayor-boris-johnsons-question-time-disrupted-by-uber-protest-2015-9.

4. James Titcomb, “Uber Wins Victory in London as TFL Drops Proposals to Crack Down on App,” Telegraph, January 20, 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/uber/12109810/Uber-wins-victory-in-London-as-TfL-drops-proposals-to-crack-down-on-app.html.

5. Sam Schechner, “Uber Meets Its Match in France,” Wall Street Journal, September 18, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-meets-its-match-in-france-1442592333.

6. “Perquisitions Au Siège D’Uber France,” LeMonde.fr, March 17, 2015, http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/03/17/perquisitions-au-siege-d-uber-france_4595591_3224.html.

7. Romain Dillet, “Uber France Leaders Arrested for Running Illegal Taxi Company,” TechCrunch, June 29, 2015, https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/29/uber-france-leaders-arrested-for-running-illegal-taxi-company/.

8. Anne-Sylvaine Chassany and Leslie Hook, “Uber Found Guilty of Starting ‘Illegal’ Car Service by French Court,” Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3d65be7a-2e22-11e6-bf8d-26294ad519fc.html.

9. Philip Willan, “Italian Court Bans UberPop, Threatens Fine,” PCWorld, May 26, 2015, http://www.pcworld.com/article/2926752/italian-court-bans-uberpop-threatens-fine.html.

10. “Why UberPop Is Being Scrapped in Sweden,” Local SE, May 11, 2016, http://www.thelocal.se/20160511/heres-why-uberpop-is-being-scrapped-in-sweden.

11. Lisa Fleisher, “Uber Shuts Down in Spain After Telcos Block Access to App,” Wall Street Journal, December 21, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/31/uber-shuts-down-in-spain-after-telcos-block-access-to-its-app/; Maria Vega Paul, “Uber Returns to Spanish Streets in Search of Regulatory U-Turn,” Reuters, March 30, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-uber-tech-idUSKCN0WW0AO.

12. Mark Scott, “Uber’s No-Holds-Barred Expansion Strategy Fizzles in Germany,” New York Times, January 3, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/technology/ubers-no-holds-barred-expansion-strategy-fizzles-in-germany.html?_r=0.

13. Brad Stone and Lulu Yilun Chen, “Uber Slayer: How China’s Didi Beat the Ride-Hailing Superpower,” Bloomberg Businessweek, October 6, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-didi-cheng-wei/.

14. “Hangzhou Kuaizhi Technology (Kuaidi Dache) closes venture funding,” Financial Deals Tracker, MarketLine, April 10, 2013.

15. Zheng Wu and Vanessa Piao, “Didi Dache, a Chinese Ride-Hailing App, Raises $700 Million,” New York Times, December 10, 2014, http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/12/10/didi-dache-a-chinese-ride-hailing-app-raises-700-million/.

16. “Baidu to Buy Uber Stake in Challenge to Alibaba in China,” Bloomberg.com, December 17, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-17/baidu-to-buy-uber-stake-in-challenge-to-alibaba-for-car-booking.

17. Rose Yu, “For Cabs in China, Traffic Isn’t Only Woe,” Wall Street Journal, January 14, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-taxi-drivers-continue-striking-over-growing-ride-hailing-services-1421239127.

18. Gillian Wong, “Uber Office Raided in Southern Chinese City,” Wall Street Journal, May 1, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-office-raided-in-southern-chinese-city-1430483542.

19. Charles Clover, “Uber in Taxi War of Attrition with Chinese Rival Didi Dache,” Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7de53f7a-5088-11e5-b029-b9d50a74fd14.html#axzz4FHeEnQUa.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Tatiana Schlossberg, “New York City Council Discusses Cap on Prices Charged by Car-Service Apps During Peak Times,” New York Times, January 12, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/13/nyregion/new-york-city-council-discusses-cap-on-prices-charged-by-car-service-apps-during-peak-times.html.

23. Annie Karni, “Uber Loses TLC Appeal to Turn over Trip Data,” New York Daily News, January 22, 2015, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/uber-loses-tlc-deal-turn-trip-data-article-1.2087718.

24. Michael M. Grynbaum, “Taxi Industry Opens Wallet for De Blasio, a Chief Ally,” New York Times, July 17, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/18/nyregion/de-blasio-reaps-big-donations-from-taxi-industry-he-aided.html.

25. Tim Fernholz, “The Latest Round in Uber’s Battle for New York City, Explained,” Quartz, June 30, 2015, http://qz.com/441608/the-latest-round-in-ubers-battle-for-new-york-city-explained/.

26. Andrew J. Hawkins, “City Yields to Uber on App Rules,” Crain’s New York Business, June 18, 2015, http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20150618/BLOGS04/150619866/city-yields-to-uber-on-app-rules.

27. Colleen Wright, “Uber Says Proposed Freeze on Licenses in New York City Would Limit Competition,” New York Times, June 30, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/nyregion/uber-says-proposed-freeze-on-licenses-would-limit-competition.html.

28. Kirstan Conley and Carl Campanile, “Cuomo Drops Bombshell on De Blasio over Uber,” New York Post, July 22, 2015, http://nypost.com/2015/07/22/cuomo-drops-bombshell-on-de-blasio-over-uber/.

29. Dan Rivoli, “De Blasio’s Multimillion-Dollar Study Blames Deliveries, Construction and Tourism for Traffic Congestion—Not Uber,” New York Daily News, January 15, 2016, http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/de-blasio-study-blames-construction-tourism-traffic-article-1.2498253.

30. Ryan Parry, “Exclusive: Luxury Hotels, All-Night Partying at Posh Clubs, Endless Freebies,” Daily Mail Online, October 1, 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3256259/Luxury-hotels-night-partying-posh-clubs-endless-freebies-Uber-hosts-SECRET-Sin-City-team-building-junket-4-800-employees-world-no-drivers-please.html.

31. “An Uber Impact: 20,000 Jobs Created on the Uber Platform Every Month,” Uber, May 27, 2014, https://newsroom.uber.com/an-uber-impact-20000-jobs-created-on-the-uber-platform-every-month-2/.

32. Justin Singer, “Beautiful Illusions: The Economics of UberX,” Valleywag, June 11, 2014, http://valleywag.gawker.com/beautiful-illusions-the-economics-of-uberx-1589509520; Felix Salmon, “How Well UberX Pays, Part 2,” Medium, June 8, 2014, https://medium.com/@felixsalmon/how-well-uberx-pays-part-2-cbc948eaeeaf#.wc3njxtdz.

33. Alex Barinka, Eric Newcomer, and Lulu Chen, “Uber Backers Said to Push for Didi Truce in Costly China War,” Bloomberg.com, July 20, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-20/uber-investors-said-to-push-for-didi-truce-in-costly-china-fight.

Epilogue

1. Max Chafkin, “Uber’s First Self-Driving Fleet Arrives in Pittsburgh This Month,” Bloomberg.com, August 18, 2016, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-08-18/uber-s-first-self-driving-fleet-arrives-in-pittsburgh-this-month-is06r7on.