Index

Albert the Great 13

anthropic principle 70–2

Aquinas, Thomas 13, 16

Aristotle 13

Atkins, Peter 6

Barbour, Ian: Issues in Science and Religion xiv

Bible 120

Acts 182

authority of 31, 35–6

and belief 19, 31

composition of 31, 36

cosmology in 65, 73, 89

Genesis xiii, 65, 73, 85

as historical narrative 35, 182

John 158, 162, 166

I Kings 116–17, 182

New Testament 13, 35, 158–9, 164

Old Testament 35

prophets 9, 65, 159

Proverbs 155

Psalms 65, 73

Revelation 47

Romans 118–19

Wisdom literature 65, 154–8

worldview of 9

Boethius 44

Bricmont, Jean: Intellectual Impostures 23

Buddha 9

Burhoe, Ralph xiv Butler, Joseph 21

Cappadocian Fathers 13, 160

Carter, Brandon 70

Chalmers, Thomas 173

chaos theory 5, 58–9, 99–104, 110, 114

Christianity xiii, xvxvi, 86–7, 88, 132–4, 142–3, 147–8, 148–53, 158–60, 163–70, 175–6

and agnostics 19

beliefs xvi, 12–13, 19, 35, 120, 147, 148

challenges to 12–17, 21, 65–7

creeds 164

Eastern 143, 154, 158, 160–2

Eucharist xvii, 62, 149–52, 158, 176

and miracles 94–5

and philosophical systems 13, 21, 130, 154

and reasonableness 21–1, 32–3

sacraments of 149–53, 175–6

and scientific discoveries 8, 11–12, 14, 66, 132–3

the Trinity 164, 165, 167–8, 183

Western 133–4, 135–6, 139–40, 141–3, 161

see also Jesus, revelation, theology

Confucius 9

Conway Morris, Simon: Crucible of Creation 82

cosmology 23, 67–8

‘hot big bang’ xiv, 93, 145

Coulson, Charles xiiixiv

Dante: Divine Comedy 8, 165

Darwin, Charles 14, 66, 73, 74, 83, 85, 135

Darwinism xiii, 66, 136

see also evolution

Dawkins, Richard 6, 66, 70, 73

Deane-Drummond, Celia 157

de Duve, C. 70

deism 14, 135, 139, 142, 185

dissipative systems, and structures 52, 100, 102–4, 110, 185

Dobzhansky, Theodor 67

Donne, John: Anatomie of the World 95

Drees, Willem 34

Drummond, Henry 136

Dunn, J.G.: Christology in the Making 157–8

Eigen, Manfred 68, 70

Einstein, Albert 41, 42, 43

Eliot, T.S. xvii, 127

Enlightenment 19, 20–1, 95

epistemology 25, 26, 28, 186

eschatology 48

evil 58, 141–2

and free will 44, 105

God and 44, 56, 91, 141–2

human (moral) 44, 142

natural 44, 141, 142

evolution xvi, 14, 15–16, 24–6, 47, 49, 53, 59, 65–90, 135–6, 146–8, 167, 170, 172–3, 175

anthropic principle 70–2

chance and necessity 75–8, 81, 85

convergence 82

epic of evolution xvii, 15, 65–7, 83, 92, 132, 148, 152, 170

evolutionary epistemology 25

natural selection 14, 25, 66, 73–5, 76, 83, 85

propensities 81–2

existence of the world 11, 14, 15, 24, 39–43, 130–1

Farrer, Austin 111

Ferrar, Nicholas xvii

Frayn, Michael: Copenhagen 5

genetics xiv, 52, 54, 79–80

behaviour genetics 79–80

DNA xiii, xiv, 53, 54, 66–7, 73, 76, 105

God xv, xvi, xvii–xviii, 39–48, 56–9, 69–70, 71–3, 74–5, 84–153, 154, 163–8, 173–4, 180–1

as absent 14

as continuously creating 44, 46, 47, 55, 67, 80, 82–3, 86, 92, 105–6, 118, 129, 136–7, 146, 186

as Creator xv, 11, 43, 47, 55, 57, 67, 70, 71–3, 74–5, 77–8, 85–6, 88–9, 92, 103, 122, 135–8, 139, 146, 149, 154, 167

essence of 160, 161, 183

as eternal 43, 44, 45, 46, 129

and evolution 14, 69–70

existence of, proofs for 33, 71

as external to nature 135, 139, 142

and free will 44, 45, 59, 86, 87–9

as Ground of Being 39, 43, 129

as immanent xvii, 14, 58, 109, 129, 131, 132, 135–8, 143, 146, 163, 165, 166–7, 178, 185, 186

as ineffable 165

as influencing events 56–9, 75, 91, 92, 93–4, 102, 103–8, 110–11, 114, 119–20, 123–4, 130, 148, 180–1

interaction with humanity 46, 54, 61–2, 86, 87, 88, 115, 116–25, 130, 134, 164–7

as Love 47–8, 87, 129, 175–6

and omnipotence 41, 43, 59, 86, 87, 89, 107–8, 122, 129, 141–2

and omniscience 41, 43, 45, 55, 58–9, 102–3, 104, 106, 109–10, 129, 141

and pain and suffering 83, 85–8, 89–90, 142

personal experience of 114–15, 116–25, 130

personal nature of 42–3, 45, 85, 114–15, 130, 140, 141

purposes of 81, 82–3, 88–90, 93, 109, 110, 114, 133, 141, 144–5, 146–8, 149, 152, 175–6

relation with the world xvii, 15, 28, 51–3, 55–8, 61, 72–3, 84–8, 91–115, 118, 119–21, 131, 134, 138–48, 154, 156–7, 159, 160–2, 163–5, 168–9, 170, 172

as suffering 86–7, 130, 142, 149

and time 43–8, 130

as transcendent 14, 56, 80–1, 131, 132, 135, 141, 143, 165, 167, 185, 187

as Ultimate Reality 12, 14, 39–40, 41, 42–3, 81, 86, 129, 130, 131, 132, 139, 170–1

uncreated energies of xvii, 160–2, 163, 164, 183

unity of 129, 167 see also miracles, panentheism, revelation

Gould, Stephen 6: Wonderful Life 81–2

Greenfield, Susan 6

Gregersen, N.H. 28–9

Habgood, John: Soundings xiv

Hawking, Stephen 34

Heisenberg uncertainty principle 5, 104–8

Heraclitus 96 Hildegard of Bingen: The Book of Divine Works 143

Hoyle, Fred 8, 41

human beings 50–1, 59–64, 78–81, 83–4, 86, 87, 88–9, 117, 140–1, 146–7, 172–3, 175–6

brain 60, 62–3, 118, 120, 123–4, 173

communication between 62–4, 115, 118, 122–5, 147

and consciousness 83, 88, 118, 123, 147

and evolution 67, 70–1, 78, 146–7

human behaviour 79–81

pain and suffering 83, 88

as physical entities 50, 68, 117, 140

and rationality 166

relationship with God 51, 114–15, 116–25, 130

religious impulse 80

self-consciousness 50, 59, 83, 88–9, 147

soul 51

spiritual capacities of 50–1, 117, 122, 172

and the world 144–6, 172–3, 186

humanism 175

Hume, David 56

Huxley, T.H. 7, 14

Illingworth, J.R. 147

immanence see God

inference to the best explanation (IBE) 26–30, 32, 37, 40, 66

Irenaeus 151, 170

Jacob, François 81

Jenkins, David 16–17, 133

Jesus xvi, 12, 35, 134, 147, 148–53, 164–9, 176, 184 ‘the Christ’ 166, 184

as culmination of divine creative process 147–8, 168

as God incarnate 148–9, 150, 151, 157–8, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 176

historical 35, 152, 164, 166, 167

life, death and resurrection of 79, 164, 165, 166

as Messiah 13

and redemption through suffering 88, 142

relationship to God 48, 90, 147, 148–9, 166, 167

respected personally 19, 21

as the ‘Son of God’ 165, 166, 183

and Wisdom 157–8, 159, 166

Kallistos, Bishop of Diokleia 143

Kepler, Johannes 11

Kingsley, Charles 7

The Water Babies 136

Livingstone, Sir Richard 10

Locke, John 20

Lorenz, Edward: ‘butterfly effect’ 100, 101

Lossky, Vladimir: The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church 160–2

Mascall, E. xiv

Maximus the Confessor 143

Meynell, Alice 169

Milton, John 44

miracles 91, 92, 93–4, 110

as breaking laws of nature 56, 93

monism 49–50, 60, 62, 68, 93, 111, 117

Monod, Jacques 75–6, 81

Moore, Aubrey 136

naturalism 92–3, 186

theistic xvii, 51, 135–8, 159, 161, 163, 165, 186

Newton, Isaac 66

Newtonian systems 97, 98–9, 101–2

ontology 44, 55, 57, 101, 105, 106, 110, 111, 114, 117, 138, 168, 186

ontological gap 57, 58, 110, 115

Palamas, Gregory 143

panentheism xvii, 57–8, 87, 109, 110–14, 129, 138–43, 146, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 165, 187

Philo of Alexandria 159

philosophy 131, 164

Aristotelian 164

biblical 9

Chinese 9

Greek 9–10, 13

Hellenistic 164, 166

medieval 11, 19

Neoplatonism 13, 164

pre-Socratic 9

Stoic 159

see also theology

physico-chemical systems xiii, 52, 68

Pinker, Steven 6

Poincaré, Henri 98

postmodernism xvi, 8, 11, 21–4, 27

relativism 8, 21–2, 134

and science 22–4

and theology 21

Prigogine, Ilya 68

quantum theory 26, 96–9, 104–8, 180–1, 187

Quick, Oliver 145

Raven, Charles xiii, 177

realism 22–3

critical 9, 23

scientific 22–3

redemption 79, 142

religion xv, 7, 12–17, 34, 168–70

and authority 31–2

and belief 19–20, 131–4

critical studies of 16

and evolution 65–6

framework for 65

‘new religions’ 12

and reason 19–21, 28, 29, 31–2

and revelation 117–25

and ‘special providence’ 92, 94–5, 110

and Western culture 19

see also theology

revelation 20, 32, 117–25, 148

general 118–19, 120–1

mystical experiences 120, 122, 124

numinous experiences 122

and religious experience 120–1

special 119–21

within religious traditions 119, 120

St Augustine 44, 114, 139, 174

St Paul 13, 74–5, 87, 118–19, 143, 157, 159, 182

Saunders, Nicholas 107–8, 180–1

Schleiermacher, Friedrich 19

science 9–12, 14, 15–17, 22–6, 39–43, 46–7, 48–51, 52, 55, 56, 68–76, 93, 95–104, 139, 145–6, 179, 180

experiment 10, 11, 26, 40–1

Greek 9–10

guru-scientists 5, 6, 7

and human rationality 26–30

Muslim 10–11

and postmodernism 22–4, 27

Pythagoreans 10

rise of 9–12

scientific imperialism 6, 7, 11

and Western culture xvi, 5–6, 11–12, 30, 97

see also cosmology, evolution, genetics, philosophy, universe

science and theology xiii–xviii, 5–36, 65–6, 94–5, 99–114, 121–2, 129–34, 135–8, 152–3, 157, 159–60, 161, 170–4, 180–1

Center for Advanced Study in Religion and Science (CASIRAS) xiv

common factors 9, 11, 14, 15

dialogue between 6–7, 14–15, 18–22, 23, 24, 30, 33–6, 94, 106

differences between 6, 7, 14, 15–16, 19–22

Institute for Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS) xiv

‘natural theology’ 16

‘physico-theology’ 16, 33

quest for meaning 7–9, 15–16, 18, 30–6, 37, 88, 127, 170–1

scientists and spirituality 6–9, 14, 44, 56, 57, 75, 94

sin 79

see also evil

Smethurst, A.F. xiv

Snow, C.P. 5

Sokal, Alan: Intellectual Impostures 23

Spencer, Herbert 74

Stoppard, Tom: Arcadia 5

Temple, Frederick 136

Thales 10

theism 51, 56–7, 130, 136, 138, 139, 142–3

Theissen, Gerd 12

theology 30–6, 59, 65–6, 67, 80, 129–34, 142, 154–62, 166–71, 172, 183

Christology 35

fideism 24

foundationalism 32

fundamentalism 24

and God as suffering 86–7, 142

inference to the best explanation (IBE) in 27–36, 37, 40, 66, 129–30 163, 165

‘natural theology’ (physico-theology) 16, 33, 120

occasionalism 105

‘revealed theology’ 33, 120

see also science and theology

van Till, Howard 77

Virgil 8, 165

wave function 97, 105, 106, 180–1, 187

Wheeler Robinson, H. 51

Wilberforce, Samuel 14

Wilson, E.O. 80

Wisdom (Sophia) xvii, 156–8, 159, 162, 163, 164

Beatrice as divine Wisdom 8

wisdom literature 154–8

Jesus as 157–8, 159, 166

Virgil as human wisdom 165

Word (Logos) xvii, 111, 158–60, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168–9, 175

Jesus as 166, 168, 170, 184

world

anthropic principle 70–2

‘block’ model of 43, 44–6

chance and necessity in 75–8, 81, 85, 136

complexity of 40–1, 47, 48–53, 54–6, 67, 69–70, 72–3, 83–4, 85, 93

entropy 46–7, 53

flow of information in 53–4, 55, 74, 110–11, 119–20

and God 51–3, 69–70, 77, 81, 108–14, 136, 139–40, 145–8, 169, 175

interconnectedness of 54–6, 66–7, 76, 108–10, 139

origins of 67–72

pain and suffering in 83–4, 85, 87, 89, 142

predictability of 58–9, 95–108, 178, 187

as sacramental xvii, 136, 143, 144–53

unity of 40–1, 48, 53, 57

whole–part influences in 50, 51–3, 60–1, 108–15, 119–20, 121, 124, 130, 138–9

World Council of Churches (WCC) 22, 31

Yarnold, G.D. xiv

Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science xiv