Railroad Station: Wall and Liberty Sts. for New York Central Systems.
Bus Stations: 26 Erie Blvd. for Greyhound Lines, Champlain Coach Lines, Interstate Busses Corp., and interurban lines; Hotel Mohawk, 134 Broadway, for Martz Lines; 512 State St. for Schenectady Railway Co. interurban cars and busses.
Streetcars and busses: Fare 10¢, 3 tokens for 25¢.
Taxis: 25¢ minimum, increasing by zones.
Airport: 3 m. N. of city on State 50, no scheduled service; local flights $1.25 up.
Accommodations: 5 hotels; boarding houses, tourist homes.
Information Service: Chamber of Commerce, 246 State St.; Schenectady Automobile Club, 8 State St.; Secretary, Union College, Union St. opposite Nott Terrace.
Radio Station: WGY (790 kc.), WGEA (9530 kc.). WGEO (9550 kc.).
Theaters and Motion Picture Houses: Occasional road shows in Erie Theater, 277 State St.; Civic Playhouse, 12 S. Church St., and Mountebanks Theater, Union College, amateur. 10 motion picture houses.
Golf: Municipal course, Oregon Ave. between Union St. and Consaul Rd., 18 holes; greens fee, 50¢ weekdays, 75¢ Sun. and holidays.
Tennis: Central Park, Central Pkwy. opposite Wright Ave., and Riverside Park, river front between Washington and Ingersoll Aves., free.
Swimming: Central Park, free.
Baseball: Central Park, semi-professional, State league.
Annual Event: Mohawk Drama Festival, Union College, July–Aug.
SCHENECTADY (220 alt., 95,692 pop.), on the Mohawk River, retains, with its modern industries and educational institutions, many evidences of its Dutch and English background.
The business section, clustered between State Street hill and the Mohawk River, is housed in severe brick and granite buildings three and four stories high, varied by the ornateness of theater and modern store fronts. Erie Boulevard, the filled and macadamized bed of the old Erie Canal, crosses State Street in the heart of the business district. Two blocks south looms the General Electric plant, a separate city, so to speak, of red brick and concrete buildings stretching away for more than a mile, with blue and gold and purple lights playing from a thousand windows; of long, high-ceilinged workshops, of aerials, steel masts, and giant stacks, with the GE sign, its 20-foot scrolled initials in a gold-lit circle, a bold crest against the night sky. North from the same intersection, extending to the northwest water front, lie the half dozen short, shaded streets of Colonial Schenectady, where old elms cast fretworks of shadow on yellow brick and white clapboarded houses with high gables and dormer windows. Along the cross streets of the upper State Street section two-family houses huddle in regimented rows, monuments of the rapid industrial expansion between 1886 and 1920. East on Union Street, the sedate, parklike campus of Union College forms the boundary of a salaried middle-class residential section extending eastward beyond the city line.
Two of Schenectady’s racial groups occupy separate districts. The Italians are concentrated around the locomotive works at the northern end of Erie Boulevard. The Poles are settled principally on Mont Pleasant in a tight community with its own social life, language, religion, and customs. Even the second and third generations cling to this transplanted culture while they rise in the city’s business and professional life. The large German population, although held together by fraternal organizations and a Turnverein widely recognized for the excellence of its athletic units and its choral society, lacks the geographical homogeneity of the Italians and the Poles.
The economic life of the city is principally dependent upon the plants of the General Electric Company and the American Locomotive Company. Print shops, the manufacture of ice cream and of athletic equipment, insulator factories, and Union College play a lesser role. Emphasis on scientific research in the General Electric laboratories, among other factors, results in an exceptionally high percentage—about 6 per cent—of college graduates in the population, among them men of national and international repute.
The Mohawk Indians called the present city site Schonowe (big fiats). The Indian original of the name Schenectady (at the end of the pine plains) referred to the sites of both Albany and Schenectady as the termini of the aboriginal portage between the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers. In 1662 Arent Van Curler, with a small group of Dutchmen, emigrated from Albany to the Groote Vlachte (Dutch, big flats) and made formal application to the governor for permission to purchase the land from the Indians. The application made its final appeal for the necessary permission in its postscript: ‘P.S. If your Honor falls short three or four Muds [2.75 bushels] of oats as feed for your Honor’s horses, please command me to supply your Honor with the same from my small store.’
In order to preserve for the residents of Beverwyck (Albany) their monopoly of the lucrative fur trade, Peter Stuyvesant granted the right to purchase land but coupled with it the restriction that none of the settlers should trade with the Indians. The prohibition failed to work: the villagers developed the art of ‘bushrunning,’ i.e., journeying upstream to bargain with the Indians for their best furs, thereby beating Albany traders to the market; and this illegal trade flourished for nearly 70 years.
The English seizure of the colony in 1664 had little effect on the village. The communal plan of living was followed, with garden lands along the river shore and on the islands held in common fief. In 1670 the magistrates purchased from the Indians the remainder of the valley flat lands, paying them 2,400 guilders’ worth of white wampum, 6 coats, 30 bars of lead, and 9 bags of powder, with a rundlet of brandy thrown in. Later the Indians contended that though ‘there are writings made of a sale of land,’ yet ‘it was never sold, but only the grasse . . . they have only bought the Grasse and now are going to live upon it, but they ought to pay for the land as well as the Grasse.’ The governor, however, upheld the villagers, informing the chiefs that ‘it is the custom of the Government and amongst Christians when they sell the Grasse to sell the land allso.’
The Schenectady Patent covering this purchase, granted by Governor Thomas Dongan in 1684, was so framed that it became a source of trouble, discontent, and mismanagement for more than 100 years. Three of the five trustees were killed in the massacre of 1690; one left Schenectady; and the fifth, who controlled the lands for a quarter of a century, was an early dictator, acting as trustee for the town land but refusing to account for his actions.
Despite the insecurity of existence on the edge of a territory open to attack by the Indians and French and subject to the humors of Iroquois allies and English overlords, new settlers came and a few were bold enough to build their cabins farther west in the wilderness, beyond the protection of the stockade. A Dutch Reformed church society was organized in 1670; in 1682 Alexander Glen financed the building of the first church edifice, the sixth in the province, at the junction of State, Church, and Water Streets. The first resident minister, Domine Petrus Thessehenmaecker, arrived in 1683.
On the night of February 8, 1690, Schenectady suffered its worst disaster. A French and Indian force arrived at the settlement before midnight. According to local tradition, they found the stockade gate swung open with crude snowmen propped in the center of the passageway. Within an hour 60 of the inhabitants were slain, among them Domine Thessehenmaecker and three of the trustees. Seventy-eight of the 80 houses were burned. Twenty-seven villagers were dragged off to Canada. Forty horses were loaded and driven off. As Peter Schuyler, mayor of Albany, wrote a few days after the event, ‘the cruelties committed at sd. Place no Penn can write nor Tongue expresse.’ Symon Schermerhorn, wounded in one leg, hurried down the valley warning the other settlers, and reached Albany in six hours. The French escaped with only two men killed, though during the long hurried dash through the northern wilderness they abandoned much of the booty.
The massacre sent a shiver of fear through the English Colonies. Entire abandonment of the settlement at Schenectady was seriously considered. In accordance with the advice of the Mohawk, a new fort was built at the edge of the river (now the eastern end of the Western Gateway Bridge), but many of the survivors had lost heart and moved back to Albany or New York. In 1695 there were only 28 houses within the stockade and only 215 people in the district between Niskayuna and Hoffmans, a stretch of 15 miles. In 1705 Queen’s Fort, named for Queen Anne, was erected at what is now the junction of Front, Ferry, and Green Streets, on the site of two earlier forts. In 1727 the settlers were granted free trade with the Indians; Albany’s long monopoly of the fur market was ended, and the Schenectady bushrunners became honest fur-traders.
The first major migration of English into Schenectady began about 1700. In 1710 an Anglican congregation was formed, with infrequent sermons by the Reverend Thomas Barclay of Albany. In 1711 Fort Hunter was built 20 miles upstream. Settlement gradually spread west and north, and Schenectady ceased to be the western outpost of empire and became the eastern trading center of a new frontier. Local boatbuilders began constructing square, flat-bottomed bateaux, which were poled or towed upstream carrying one to five tons of cargo. With warehouses built along its bank, the Binne Kill, a branch of the Mohawk River (now used as the Barge Canal basin), became the center of activity.
In the middle years of the eighteenth century Schenectady had 300 houses in the area which includes the present State, Ferry, Church, Water, Jefferson, Center, and North Streets, and Washington Avenue. Most of the houses were built in the solid Dutch style. The Dutch Reformed Church tower held aloft the town clock. The Presbyterians rented a meeting house. The English began construction of St. George’s Episcopal Church in 1759. Indian huts still stood within the stockade, but their domesticated inhabitants were reduced to a social level little better than that of slaves.
The shadow of French and Indian raids vanished with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. In 1765 the village was granted a borough charter and its dependence on Albany was ended. Expanding trade created a new aristocracy. When the Revolution came, most of the tenant farmers sided with the rebels; the majority of the landowners joined the Tory ranks, serving beside the loyal Iroquois in periodic raids on the Mohawk and Schoharie Valleys. Schenectady again became a center of warfare. A Committee of Safety was organized in 1775, and five local companies of Minute Men were formed to become units of the First New York Regiment of the Line, one of the best outfits in Washington’s army.
Men—and boys—from Schenectady fought at Saratoga, at Newtown, at Stony Point, and at Yorktown. With the Mohawk and Schoharie Valleys forming the principal granary of the Colonial Army, Schenectady itself was of strategic importance in the war and became an important shipping center. The Durham boat, with a capacity of 15 to 20 tons, a strong, broad, flat-bottomed craft with straight sides, decks fore and aft, and sail rigging, was developed during the war period and was built exclusively in shipyards that sprang up along the town’s water front. The first packet boats, similar to the Durhams but fitted out for 30 passengers and a little cargo, began trips up-river in the last year of the war: ‘two days to Utica; 13 hours back.’
After the Revolutionary War, Schenectady remained a shipping center for the great western migration. The improved cart road between Schenectady and Albany was used for a daily stagecoach service after 1793, and other roads were extended westward. In the heyday of the turnpike era 300 people were engaged in carting goods to and from Albany.
In 1795, mainly as the result of the efforts of Philip Schuyler of Albany and the Reverend Dirck Romeyn of Schenectady, a charter was granted to Union College, the name symbolizing the joining of several religious denominations in a common effort for higher education. On March 26, 1798, Schenectady was granted a city charter. Joseph C. Yates, son of the chairman of the Committee of Safety, was appointed the first mayor. The aldermen organized a fire department, passed laws controlling wood-cutting on common lands and regulating the behavior of Negro slaves, and ordained that pigs should wear rings in their noses to prevent them from tearing up the streets.
After the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, Schenectady lost much of its importance as a river port; the day of the Binne Kill was over. In 1831 the city, with a population of 8,900, was an aggregation of streets three and four blocks long, with square frame hotels along the towpath, a half dozen saloons for ‘canawlers,’ the Dutch Colonial houses in their river corner, and the gray stone buildings of Union College ‘on the hill.’ For years Schenectady was affectionately called ‘Old Dorp.’ Its chief occupation was the growing of broom corn and the manufacture of brooms.
On September 24, 1831, the De Witt Clinton made its first trip from Albany to Schenectady on the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. For several years thereafter Schenectady was an important railroad center, with short lines branching out to Saratoga, Utica, and Troy. But as soon as most of these roads were combined with others westward to form the New York Central, Schenectady became just another stop on the New York-Buffalo run.
It was during this early period of railroad development, in 1848, that the first locomotive factory, financed by local capital, was organized. Under the influence of three generations of the Ellis family, the plant became one of the largest locomotive works in the United States. For half a century it was Schenectady’s largest industry, familiarly known as ‘The Big Shop.’ In 1901 the plant was taken over by the American Locomotive Company.
In 1886 Thomas A. Edison bought the two uncompleted and abandoned factory buildings of the McQueen locomotive plant in Schenectady and moved his small electric machine works from New York City. With this event Schenectady entered upon its modern phase as an industrial city. In 1892 the Edison Company was consolidated with the Thompson-Huston Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, to form the General Electric Company. Schenectady was designated as the headquarters of the new corporation in 1894. In 1907, with a population of 65,000, it was granted a second-class city charter. Schenectady became the city that ‘lights and hauls the world.’ It has remained primarily a two-industry town.
Irish settled in the city after the construction of the Erie Canal. Italian laborers were imported in the 1870’s to build the West Shore Railroad. The first Polish families to settle here were refugees from the Polish nationalist revolution of 1879. The rapid increase in population after 1886 consisted in large part of further additions to these three immigrant groups.
In 1911 Schenectady caught the attention of students of economics and politics by electing George R. Lunn, pastor of the First Reformed Church, mayor on a Socialist ticket. Under his administration Charles P. Steinmetz, the electrical wizard, served as member of the Board of Education and president of the Common Council. In 1935 Schenectady adopted the city manager form of government.
1. The GENERAL ELECTRIC PLANT (open; tours 10:30 and 3, Mon.–Fri.), 1 River Road, has 360 buildings on 670 acres housing factories, broadcasting studios, the general offices of the company, and its principal research laboratories. The red brick, gray concrete, and corrugated sheet metal structures are strung out along Works Avenue. Most of the local production is of heavy equipment for the generation, transmission, and control of electrical energy; but some consumer products are also manufactured, especially refrigerators, induction motors, and radio transmitter apparatus. Many nationally known scientists have worked in the laboratories: Willis R. Whitney, originator of the metalized filament lamp; Elihu Thomson, pioneer in arc lighting; William D. Coolidge, inventor of ductile tungsten, the Coolidge X-ray tube, and the first high-power cathode ray tubes; W.L.R. Emmet, whose work in the development of turbine generators made possible the electrical propulsion of ships; Irving Langmuir, winner of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1932, who developed the gas-filled incandescent lamp, atomic-hydrogen welding, and the high-powered vacuum tube; E.F.W. Alexanderson, radio pioneer; and Charles Proteus Steinmetz, dynamic mathematical genius, whose name is closely associated with that of the company.
The General Electric Company is noted for its excellent labor relations; to its employees it has been known as the ‘generous electric company’ and ‘grandfather.’ A mutual benefit association, a profit-sharing plan, and a company union were established in the plant; and the company has encouraged workers to own their homes. In 1937 the company recognized the United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers Union as the exclusive bargaining agency for its employees.
In its research laboratories the company maintains the ‘House of Magic,’ an exhibit of new and spectacular developments in the realm of electricity. Large groups may arrange for demonstrations.
The WGY STUDIOS (open 9–5 daily, evenings by appointment), outside the factory gates, are housed in a red brick and steel building, with the north wall of glass brick. The design of the structure, erected in 1938, Harrison and Fouilhoux, architects, is in the modern trend. WGY, a unit of the red network of the National Broadcasting Company, broadcast its first program on February 20, 1922. In the building also are the studios of WGEA and WGEO, the short-wave stations through which the polar expeditions of Byrd and Amundsen communicated with the world.
2. The WESTERN GATEWAY BRIDGE, State St. and Washington Ave., opened to traffic in 1926, spans the Mohawk River between Schenectady and Scotia (see Tour 11). Built entirely of reinforced concrete, supported by a series of piers and graceful arches, it clings low to the land and water.
KEY FOR SCHENECTADY MAP
1. General Electric Plant 2. Western Gateway Bridge 3. Robert Sanders Home 4. Schenectady County Historical Society Building 5. Mohawk Club 6. Dutch Reformed Church 7. Abraham Yates House 8. St. George’s Episcopal Church 9. Indian Statue 10. Governor Yates House 11. Brouwer-Rosa House 12. Schenectady City Hall 13. Schonowee Village 14. Union College 15. Steinmetz House 16. American Locomotive Plant
3. The ROBERT SANDERS HOME (private), 43–45 Washington Ave., was built about 1750. Its brick walls are painted white with light gray trim at the windows and the cornice. Three high stories, with belt courses at the second and third floors, many 12-pane windows, and an arched, fanlighted doorway white against the faded brick, create a severe, dignified exterior. The heavy bracketed cornice is of later date. The house was once used as the quarters of the Schenectady Female Academy.
4. The SCHENECTADY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY BUILDING (open 10–12, 2–5 weekdays), 13 Union St., a two-story, yellow-painted brick structure, contains items identified with pre-Revolutionary, Revolutionary, and Civil War times, as well as articles illustrative of the growth and development of the city. A large mass of genealogical data on families of Schenectady and vicinity is on file.
5. The MOHAWK CLUB (private), NW. corner of Union and Church Sts., a three-story, vine-covered gray stone building, occupied by a leading social organization, stands on a site of historical interest. Purchased from the Indians in 1661 by Arent Van Curler, who is said to have erected a home here, the plot was within the original stockade built as a protection against Indian attacks. The present building was bought in 1817 to house the Mohawk National Bank; from 1872 to 1903 it was occupied by the Union Classical Institute, predecessor of the city’s public high schools.
6. The DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, NE. corner of Union and Church Sts., was built in 1862 from plans drawn by Edward Tuckerman Potter. The stone structure, Gothic Revival in design, is in the form of an L, with a square tower surmounted by a spire. The roof is of slate in variegated colors arranged in ornamental design. A 30-by-40-foot walnut-and-plate-glass screen separates the church and the consistory room. Four stained glass windows in the tower bear representations of the four earlier church buildings, the first of which was erected in 1682; and a rose window in the church proper displays the arms of the Dutch Reformed Church.
7. The ABRAHAM YATES HOUSE (private), 109 Union St., erected between 1720 and 1730 and still in the possession of descendants of the original owner, is one of the oldest homes in the city. It is of characteristic Dutch Colonial architecture, with a steep gable facing the street and stepped diagonal brick courses along its rake. The roof is carried over a lean-to in the rear; the side walls are finished with clapboards.
8. ST. GEORGE’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH, N. Ferry St. between Union and Front Sts., begun in 1759 and completed in 1766, is the oldest church in the Mohawk Valley. It is a stately, ivy-clad structure, built of gray limestone, with a gray slate hipped roof. A tall, finely proportioned wooden steeple surmounts the tower at the front entrance. The delicate Georgian Colonial detail of the exterior suggests the dignified and simple appointments within. Especially notable are the long 60-paned double hung windows with their arched heading.
During the first months of the Revolution, St. George’s, closely associated with the English, was forced to close its doors. At the end of the war, inhabited by stray animals, the windows and doors broken, it was gradually restored to its earlier condition; but not until 1798 were regular services resumed. According to local tradition, unauthenticated by historical evidence, Walter Butler, leader of the Indians and Tories and hated enemy of the Schenectady Whigs, was secretly buried beneath St. George’s Church in 1781.
9. The INDIAN STATUE, Front and N. Ferry Sts., enclosed in a circular iron fence, marks the site of Queen’s Fort, erected in 1705 and used in connection with the barracks that extended along the east side of North Ferry Street almost to Union Street. During the Revolution the fort was torn down and the land sold, and Schenectady’s career as a fortified town came to an end.
10. The GOVERNOR YATES HOUSE (private), 17 Front St., has two wings. The smaller dates from 1735; the other, of later but unknown date, was originally gambrel-roofed but has been so altered that it is now three full stories high. The house is built of brick painted gray, with white stone trim and green blinds. The present entrance replaces one that was demolished in 1902. The original doorway of the smaller wing is charming in its delicacy of detail. The larger unit was the home of Joseph C. Yates (1788–1837), first resident of the Mohawk Valley to become governor of New York.
11. The BROUWER-ROSA HOUSE (private), 14 N. Church St., is a two-story white frame house with wide, square-cut boards forming the front siding. The 12-pane windows have solid wood blinds painted an attractive shade of green. Electrified old wrought-iron lamps adorn the front entrance.
The original house was built by Hendrick Brouwer between 1690 and 1710 and remained in the family until 1795, by which time the structure was a fabrication of three Dutch cottages. About the latter year, James Rosa altered the two cottages fronting on Church Street to present the post-Colonial appearance of today; the third, or rear cottage, remains unaltered.
12. The SCHENECTADY CITY HALL, Jay St. between Liberty and Franklin Sts., is one of the outstanding modern buildings in the city. Designed by John M. Ryder in collaboration with McKim, Mead and White and built in 1931, the rectangular red brick structure with marble trim and slate roof is in the Georgian Colonial style. A white marble spiral stair graces the interior.
13. SCHONOWEE VILLAGE, Hamilton and Millard Sts., a group of five three- and four-story red brick apartment buildings of modern design, is a PWA slum clearance project developed with the co-operation of the Municipal Housing Authority. Accommodations for 219 familes are provided in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-room apartments renting for $6.50 a room. Facilities include a playground, a play room, and a game room. The tenants represent nearly every form of employment in the city, with clerks and business and factory workers composing the largest groups. The village was designed by R.L. Bowen with J.W. Montross associated.
14. UNION COLLEGE, Union St. opposite Nott Terrace, pioneer institution, second incorporated college in New York State, ‘mother of college fraternities,’ where 90 college presidents studied and worked, was chartered in 1795. The 100-acre campus, with broad lawns, giant elms, and shrub rows, is a sylvan retreat in the midst of a large industrial city. The U-shaped main quadrangle, with the old college dormitories at the two ends, represents part of the unique campus plan designed in 1813 by Joseph Jacques Ramée, French architect.
The first century of the history of the college was dominated by the figure of Eliphalet Nott, its president for 62 years. Nott attracted students from every section of the country and determined Union’s permanent character by combining the liberal arts with science and engineering. Since 1934, under Dixon Ryan Fox, the social studies have been emphasized with the near-by State government in Albany as a ‘laboratory.’ The 800 students and 80 faculty members are grouped in four divisions: literature, social studies, science, and engineering. The lasting tradition of Union College is one of close companionship between faculty and students; a large number of both live on the campus.
Kappa Alpha, the oldest Greek letter college fraternity, was founded at Union in 1825; Sigma Phi, Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, Chi Psi, and Theta Delta Chi followed in quick succession. The first chapter of Phi Beta Kappa in New York State was established at Union in 1817. William Henry Seward, Lincoln’s Secretary of State, graduated from Union in 1820; Robert Toombs, Secretary of State for the Confederacy, graduated eight years later; Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States, graduated in 1848.
Union College, though financially and administratively independent, is associated with the Albany Medical College, the Albany Law School, the Albany College of Pharmacy, and the Dudley Observatory in Union University.
SOUTH COLLEGE, built in 1814, with faculty homes in the two wings and student dormitories in the rest of the building, typifies Union post-Colonial architecture: dark, stucco-covered brick walls with white cement pilasters.
The NOTT MEMORIAL LIBRARY (open), in the center of the main quadrangle, is an unusual ten-sided building erected in 1858–76. The design, by Edward Tuckerman Potter, class of 1853, pupil of Richard Upjohn, is based on that of the Baptistry at Pisa. It is an excellent example of Victorian Gothic with some Lombard details. It occupies the site intended by Ramée for a classical rotunda.
The MEMORIAL CHAPEL is a modern adaption of the Classical Revival style treated with unusual simplicity and directness. The side elevations recall the design of the earlier college buildings; the front has a pedimented portico. The building was erected in 1924 with funds subscribed by the college community and the public to commemorate the Union boys who died in the World War.
JACKSON’S GARDEN, entrance through the Kappa Alpha Memorial Gateway between North Colonnade and the General Engineering Building, about 100 years old, is widely known for its beauty. One part is carefully landscaped in formal flower beds, and the rest is allowed to grow in a natural wildness, the quiet broken only by ‘the brook that bounds through old Union’s grounds.’
15. The STEINMETZ HOUSE (open), 1297 Wendell Ave., was the last home of Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865–1923), prominent engineer who made invaluable contributions in the fields of alternating current, electro-magnetism, and lightning phenomena. He was associated with the General Electric Company from 1892 until his death and was professor of electrical engineering in Union College, 1902–23. Within the house are the laboratories, libraries, and workshop where Dr. Steinmetz did much of his research, and his desk, his well-worn slide rule, his humidor with his favorite cigars, his collections of butterflies and arrowheads. A conservatory extending across the southern wall of the house is much as Steinmetz left it.
16. The AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE PLANT (open to technical visitors; permits at N. Jay St. office), junction of Erie Blvd., Nott and N. Jay Sts., is one of the largest manufacturers of steam and oil-electric locomotives in the United States. The factories, foundries, laboratories, and office buildings are long, low structures of brick or corrugated metal enveloped in bituminous dust and smoke.
The plant was established in 1848, re-organized in 1851, and in 1901 taken over by the American Locomotive Company. It is now the company’s main unit.
POINTS OF INTEREST IN ENVIRONS
Glen-Sanders House and Alexander Glen House, 1 m. (see Tour 11). Mabie House, 6.3 m. (see Tour 12).
