7 Arrays

1. 7.1 Introduction to Arrays 380

   1. Declaring and Referencing Arrays 380

   2. Programming Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays 382

   3. Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero 382

   4. Programming Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array 382

   5. Arrays in Memory 384

   6. Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range 385

   7. Initializing Arrays 388

   8. Programming Tip: C++ 11 Range-Based for Statement 388

2. 7.2 Arrays in Functions 391

   1. Indexed Variables as Function Arguments 391

   2. Entire Arrays as Function Arguments 393

   3. The const Parameter Modifier 396

   4. Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters 399

   5. Functions That Return an Array 399

   6. Case Study: Production Graph 400

3. 7.3 Programming with Arrays 413

   1. Partially Filled Arrays 413

   2. Programming Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters 416

   3. Programming Example: Searching an Array 416

   4. Programming Example: Sorting an Array 419

   5. Programming Example: Bubble Sort 423

4. 7.4 Multidimensional Arrays 426

   1. Multidimensional Array Basics 427

   2. Multidimensional Array Parameters 427

   3. Programming Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program 429

   4. Pitfall: Using Commas Between Array Indexes 433

1. Chapter Summary 434

2. Answers to Self-Test Exercises 435

3. Practice Programs 439

4. Programming Projects 441

It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data.

SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE, Scandal in Bohemia (Sherlock Holmes)

Introduction

An array is used to process a collection of data all of which is of the same type, such as a list of temperatures or a list of names. This chapter introduces the basics of defining and using arrays in C++ and presents many of the basic techniques used when designing algorithms and programs that use arrays.

Prerequisites

This chapter uses material from Chapters 2 through 6.