abstinence (thrift), 17, 64, 69, 76, 101, 168, 200, 239
accumulation of capital. See capital accumulation process
The Accumulation of Capital (Luxemburg), vii–x, xiii–xiv, xvi, xviii–xxvi, xxviii, 1–342, 345, 347, 365, 376, 445, 513
The Accumulation of Capital, Or What the Epigones Have Made Out of Marx’s Theory—An Anti-Critique (Luxemburg), ix–x, xxi–xxiii, 77, 343–449, 498–502, 504, 509
Africa, xvi–xvii, xxv, 141, 253, 273, 275, 297–302, 304–6, 328, 376, 378, 410, 441, 443–44, 446, 486, 493, 503, 506, 512, 514, 517–20, 523
African Americans, xviii, 191, 261, 288, 289, 441
Africans (black), xvi, 261, 279, 297–303, 485–86
agriculture, 22, 27–29, 36, 66, 133–34, 136, 146, 151, 163, 193, 203, 210, 220, 230, 256, 258, 261, 265–66, 285–86, 288, 291–93, 295–96, 304, 313–14, 317, 360, 463–64, 477, 490, 492, 497, 516
Aiken, John, 503
Albania, 442
Algeria, xvi, 267, 271–74, 276–78, 489, 503, 508, 511, 517
Allard, General, 275
America, xvii–xviii, 191, 210, 253, 258, 261, 286, 294, 306–7, 309, 312, 360, 403, 409, 434, 441, 443, 446, 468, 477–78, 491, 493, 503, 507, 509, 512, 522. See also American Civil War (United States, 1861–65); Canada; Central America; Latin America; Mexico; North America; South America; United States of America
American Civil War (United States, 1861–65), 191, 257–58, 262, 286, 288, 291, 308, 313, 485
anarchy (disorder)
economic, viii, 18, 86, 122, 149, 174–75, 269, 275, 361, 375, 455, 460
Anti-Critique (Luxemburg), see The Accumulation of Capital, Or What the Epigones Have Made Out of Marx’s Theory—An Anti-Critique
Anton, G. K., 347, 376, 384, 488, 503, 517
Arabs, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276–78
Arendt, Hannah, xviii
artisans, xiv, xvi, 121, 138, 157, 271, 332, 339, 403, 437
Asia, xvii, xxiv–xxv, 210, 253, 278, 304–6, 308–9, 313, 319–20, 322–24, 403, 442, 446, 473–74, 477, 490, 493, 496, 523
Asia Minor, 210, 278, 306, 308–9, 319, 322–23, 442, 523
Australia, 8, 119, 141, 304–5, 309–10, 410, 441, 446, 493, 503, 509
Austro-Hungary, 479, 496, 511, 522
Baldwin, W. Spencer, 8, 472, 503
banks, banking, viii, xxv, 115, 121, 122, 141, 158, 173, 174, 175, 274, 294, 308–9, 314, 315–16, 318, 320, 323–24, 340, 361, 390, 391, 394, 417, 429, 456, 459, 494, 504, 510, 511, 514, 515, 519, 522
Baring, Evelyn, Earl of Cromer, 494, 503
Bastiat, Frédéric, 167, 190, 504, 522
Bauer, Otto, x, xv, 77, 347, 367–68, 374, 380–85, 387–409, 411–25, 427–31, 433–42, 446–48, 500–1, 504
Belgium, xxvii, 305, 376, 408, 410, 480, 504, 511
Bellefiore, Riccardo, xxii
Bentham, Jeremy, 486, 504, 517
Bergmann, Eugen von, 470
Bernstein, Eduard, xiii–xiv, 512, 517
Bischoffsheim, Jonathan-Raphaël, 316, 504, 511
Bismarck, Otto von, 191, 326, 502, 504, 509, 522, 526
Blackhouse, Edmund Trelawny, 489–90, 504–5
Bland, John Otway, 489–90, 505
Boers (Dutch settlers) in South Africa, xvi, 297–298, 300–2, 498, 503–4, 506, 517
Boer Wars, xvi, 301, 328, 506, 520
Borneo, 408–10
bourgeois, bourgeoisie (capitalist, capitalist class), xxvi, 7, 22–23, 28, 36–37, 40, 66–67, 69, 71, 92, 117, 119–20, 122, 124–25, 131–32, 140, 146–47, 149, 151–52, 157, 167, 190–91, 195, 199–200, 207–8, 211, 220, 222, 232–33, 253, 263, 266, 274, 276, 277, 298–99, 311, 329, 339, 358, 371, 375, 376, 377, 400, 402, 430–31, 438, 447, 448, 454, 456, 458, 465, 470–72, 476, 478, 486, 490
Boxer rebellion, 284, 306, 403, 441
Brandt, Max von, 490
Brissot, Jacques Pierre, 189, 505–6
Britain, 284, 376, 403, 467, 479, 486, 496, 505–8, 514, 520, 524–26; see also England
Bruce, Thomas (Lord Elgin), 283, 489, 506, 514
Bryce, James, 299, 485–86, 506
Bukharin, Nikolai I., ix–x, xiv, xvi, xxi, xxiii–xxiv
Bulgakov, Sergei, 191, 195, 213–23, 225–26, 228, 230, 232–33, 479–80, 483, 506
Bulgaria, 410
Bürger, Gottfried August, 347, 376, 501, 506
Cameron, Verney Lovett, 495, 506
Canada, 279, 296, 492, 504, 508, 511, 516
capital
circulation of capital, viii, 42, 59–60, 93, 113, 218, 232, 333, 340
constant capital, xii, 12, 20, 23–25, 33–34, 39–40, 43, 47–48, 50–51, 53, 58–59, 62–64, 69–70, 73, 76, 78–79, 81–85, 91, 96–101, 103–4, 107, 109–10, 117, 127–28, 130–32, 139–40, 145–46, 165, 181, 183, 186, 213, 216, 218–19, 228, 230, 240–41, 243–44, 248, 250, 252, 254–57, 259–60, 262, 264, 333–34, 338, 352, 354, 358, 367, 369, 387, 390, 392, 395–96, 404–6, 412, 414, 421, 427, 483–84, 501, 519
money capital, x, 60, 94, 97–99, 237, 305, 311, 333, 352, 355, 358, 367, 371–72, 374, 394, 429
organic composition of capital, 239, 244, 329, 334, 413–15, 417, 419, 422, 466, 499
surplus capital, xix, 368, 424
total social capital, 7, 11, 21–23, 25–26, 29, 31, 33, 45–48, 51, 53, 60–61, 64–68, 71–72, 75–76, 82, 99, 125, 188, 190, 194, 198, 236–37, 246, 249–52, 264, 331, 333, 336, 345, 348, 351, 354, 357, 363, 365, 369, 372–74, 381–82, 391, 400, 435, 437, 457, 466
variable capital, xii, 12, 17, 20, 25, 39, 41–44, 47–48, 50, 57–59, 61, 63, 67, 70, 73–74, 76, 79–84, 88–89, 91, 96, 103–5, 107–9, 113–14, 126–28, 130–32, 145–46, 163, 178–81, 183, 186, 214–16, 218–19, 228, 230, 239–41, 243–44, 247, 249–50, 252, 254, 257, 259–60, 262–64, 311, 332–34, 336, 338–39, 353, 369, 387–88, 391–93, 395–96, 401, 404–7, 412–16, 418–19, 421, 423, 427, 435, 464, 466, 481, 485
capital accumulation process, vii–xxix, 4, 15–20, 55–56, 64, 66–94, 96–108, 111–14, 116–17
debates related to capital accumulation, 120, 122, 123, 127, 128, 129, 131–32, 136, 137–39, 142, 143, 149–52, 154, 156, 157, 165–66, 184–86, 189–190, 222, 223, 224–27, 229, 232–33
historical conditions of capital accumulation, 235–60, 262–63, 265–67, 270, 291, 301, 302, 303–4, 305, 307, 308, 310–13, 314, 319, 320, 322–23, 324, 325–31
See also primitive accumulation, original accumulation
Capital, Volume One (Marx), 68, 93, 117, 148, 191, 194, 235, 476, 508
Capital, Volume Two (Marx), vii, xi, xxii, xiii, 55, 105, 114–16, 194, 214, 235, 237, 240, 248, 453–61, 476
Capital, Volume Three (Marx), 194, 237, 240, 248, 453–61, 476
capitalism, vii–ix, xi–xiii, xv, xvii, xix–xx, xxii–xxiv, xxvi–xxviii, 6, 64, 89, 141, 152, 167, 173, 191–98, 202–4, 206–10, 212–14, 219–22, 229, 233, 250, 252, 259, 261–67, 272, 291, 301–3, 325, 341, 345, 350, 355, 360–61, 375, 381–83, 385, 403, 406–11, 414, 417, 420–21, 437–38, 442–45, 447–48, 460, 476–78, 481–82, 497–99, 505–6, 511
capitalist class, 46–47, 59–61, 68–69, 71–73, 75–77, 79, 80, 82, 88–90, 97–98, 106–7, 109–11, 114, 149, 178, 179, 183, 202, 205, 211, 235, 237, 238, 239, 242, 245, 247, 250, 252, 260, 262, 305, 332, 338–39, 352–59, 369, 371–72, 388, 390, 399–401, 406, 414, 436, 457, 461, 467, 481, 498, 499. See also bourgeois, bourgeoisie
Carey, Henry Charles, 439, 507
Cavour, Camilio Benso, 327, 507
Chartist movement, 157, 168, 475, 508
Chasseboeuf, Constantin-Francois de, comte de Volney, 507–8
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 193, 507
Chesney, Francis Rawdon, 495, 507
“Children of Men” (film, Alfonso Cuarón), xxviii
China, xvi, xxiv–xxv, 9, 15, 279–84, 304–6, 311, 320, 327, 376, 378, 403, 409, 441, 473–74, 477, 484, 487, 489–90, 503–5, 507–10, 512, 519, 522, 524–25
class, xi–xii, xv, xx, xxiv, 13, 15, 19, 22–23, 27–28, 34, 44, 72, 89, 90, 114, 121–23, 158, 167, 182, 192, 237, 238, 250, 262, 288–89, 329, 332, 353, 357, 382, 412, 413, 414, 421, 441, 443, 461, 485, 487. See also bourgeois, bourgeoisie, capitalist class, proletariat, working class
class consciousness, 461
class struggle, xx, 125, 191, 233, 353, 361, 362, 375, 380, 443
coal industry, 211, 227, 236, 253, 256, 301, 308, 309, 311, 371
Cobden, Richard, 326, 496, 507
colonialism, colonies, xiii, xiv, xvi, xvi–xvii, xxiii, xxvi, 129, 206, 212, 258, 262, 266–69, 271, 273, 274, 276, 298, 300, 304, 309, 328, 328–29, 331, 341, 357, 361, 376, 402, 440, 441, 444, 446, 473–74, 479, 484, 487, 493, 503, 505, 508, 520, 524, 526. See also imperialism
commodity, xiv, xxvi–xxvii, 9, 11–13, 24, 34, 36, 88, 90, 93–94, 148
circulation of commodities, 93, 104, 106–10, 112–13, 116, 133–35, 150, 156, 167, 197–202, 209–10, 215–16, 220, 238, 420, 424, 426, 454–58, 471
commodity economy (capitalism), xxvi, xxvii, 17, 21, 22, 23, 30, 35, 37, 43, 48, 87, 91, 209–10, 215–16, 227, 266–67, 279–85, 327, 340, 371, 489–90
commodity exchange, xxvi–xxvii, 22, 46, 48, 59–60, 86, 134–135, 143, 158, 170, 175, 279, 308, 310–11, 319, 319–20, 322–25, 327–29, 331, 352–53, 358, 361, 368, 374, 454, 456
commodity prices, 160, 173, 336, 416
commodity production, xiv, 12, 16, 23, 27, 35, 37, 40, 43, 60–61, 66, 84–85, 91, 107, 169–71, 183, 209–10, 232, 265, 291, 304–5, 325, 332, 340–41, 357–59, 361, 371–72, 377, 393, 400–1, 404, 409, 420, 424, 426, 498, 519
commodity role in generating surplus value, 17–19, 32, 34, 38–42, 44–46, 59–66, 100–2, 126, 254–55
See also simple commodity production
communal property, 272–75, 299, 511
communism, xiv, xix, xxiii, 159, 187, 265, 278, 488, 508, 518, 524
Communist International, xxiv
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 168, 472
competition, xxvi, 14–15, 19, 120, 141, 143, 145, 147, 157, 160, 167, 170, 184, 202, 230, 238, 245, 267, 279, 291, 293, 297, 302, 304, 325, 327–29, 341, 349, 351, 354, 373, 376, 429, 446, 455, 469, 471, 477, 491–92, 521
Conrad, Johannes, 158, 508, 526
consumption, viii, xi, 7–9, 12–14, 16, 19, 23–26, 29–33, 36, 42, 48. 49, 58, 59, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90, 93, 96, 98, 100, 101, 103, 108, 110, 111, 117, 121, 123–26, 128, 129, 135, 136, 138, 139, 143–45, 148, 150, 153–54, 156, 161, 172, 175–76, 178, 180–81, 184, 190, 199–200, 209–24, 227–32, 235–44, 246–50, 252–55, 257, 280, 310, 312, 331–41, 352–53, 356–58, 377–79, 382, 385, 388, 398–99, 403, 406, 412–14, 458–60, 464–65, 471, 477, 484
means of consumption, xii, 30–31, 40, 43, 46–50, 52, 57–64, 66, 69–77, 79, 82–91, 97, 99–101, 104, 107, 110–11, 127, 130, 132, 150, 163, 165, 187, 199, 205, 213, 214, 217, 219, 227–28, 230, 231, 236, 238–44, 253–55, 303, 332, 334–37, 353, 356, 369, 373, 393, 394, 398, 403, 482
personal consumption, xi, xii, 46, 61, 68, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 82, 83–84, 87–88, 95, 99, 107, 111, 131, 137, 144, 205, 229, 239, 307, 331, 339, 481
productive and unproductive consumption, xii, 156, 165, 166, 227, 228, 252
social consumption, 224, 246, 250
contradictions latent in capitalism, 19, 140–41, 145, 150–51, 153, 158, 168, 172, 187–88, 191, 252, 305, 351, 375, 471–72, 477
Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Marx), 115, 472, 515
Corn Laws, 161, 326, 468, 505, 518
cotton industry, 13, 158, 206, 212, 229, 246, 253–55, 257–58, 261, 287, 290, 306, 312–15, 317, 326, 403, 482, 484–85, 491, 518
Cousin-Montauban, Charles, Comte de Palikao, 283, 508
credit, xvi, xxv, 120, 122, 142, 158, 173–74, 216, 237–38, 304–24, 328–29, 432–33, 456–57, 471, 494
crises (economic downturns), xxiii, 11–12, 19, 119, 122, 139, 141–42, 148–49, 151, 155–56, 158–59, 165–66, 172–80, 185, 189–90, 194, 197, 199, 201, 206, 213, 218–19, 223, 225–26, 228, 232, 236–37, 249, 308–9, 311, 341, 355, 361, 363, 374–75, 377–80, 382–85, 419–20, 426, 429, 434, 442, 445, 459–60, 466, 470–71, 473, 480–81, 483, 511, 522, 526
Crisis of German Social Democracy (Junius Pamphlet, Luxemburg), xvii–xviii, xxvii
Crusoe, Robinson (novel and character created by Daniel Defoe), 126, 129, 186–87, 437–39
culture, xiv, xvi, xvii, 52, 53, 265, 268, 410, 446–47, 474, 488, 503, 504, 509, 517
Dalrymple, Oliver, 292–93, 488, 492
Danielson, Nikolai, 191, 194–95, 204–9, 214, 221–22, 252, 263, 476, 478, 492, 497, 508
Day, Richard B., ix
debt, xx, 279, 288, 293–94, 304, 309, 312–13, 315–16, 318, 320–21, 487, 503
Delamarre, Elezéar, 284, 503, 508
democracy, ix, xiv, xvii–xviii, xxiv, 191, 347, 362, 380, 429, 443, 501, 504, 512
departments of social production (1. production of means of production; 2. production of means of consumption), 49–51, 62, 64, 82, 163, 218, 243–45, 254, 335, 356, 388, 392–93, 395
Devers, Auguste, 496
dialectics, dialectical, x–xi, 37, 143, 146, 189, 263, 329, 444, 445, 518
Dietzel, Carl August, 182, 508
distribution, xxii, 46, 58, 93, 123, 126, 129, 139, 149, 153, 156, 159–64, 169, 175–76, 181–82, 187, 202, 206, 246–248, 276, 296, 332–33, 363, 373, 415, 457–58, 469, 472, 474, 498, 510
Dresdener Volkszeitung, 380, 499
Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel, 463, 509
East India Company, 270, 280, 297
Eastern Europe, 422
Eckstein, Gustav, 347–48, 369, 373, 384–85, 397, 438, 498–502, 509
economy, xiv, 13, 15, 151, 167, 168, 175, 180, 186, 263, 287
capitalist economy, xii, xix, xxiii, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 31, 36, 37, 44, 64, 65, 67, 86, 87, 88, 89, 104, 106, 113, 117, 136, 139, 146, 147, 151, 158, 159, 172, 180, 184, 191, 204, 209, 212, 216, 220, 224, 226, 227, 228, 230, 233, 238, 266, 267, 279, 291, 298, 301, 302, 303, 317, 320, 393, 403, 421, 458
classical political economy, 7, 67, 121, 142, 151, 159, 161, 169, 185, 286, 348, 365, 393, 395, 420, 429, 430, 475, 499, 508, 511, 514, 516, 518, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524
feudal economy, xiv, xvi, 8, 13, 16, 39, 50, 66, 147, 252, 262, 265, 266, 275, 355, 356, 357, 360, 438, 455, 478, 48
global (world) economy, xii, xxiv, 143, 212, 220, 221, 381, 420, 421, 437, 443, 479, 480
national economy, 131, 221, 480
natural economy, 16, 180, 209, 210, 265, 266, 267, 279, 286, 291
peasant economy, 192, 229, 261, 265, 269, 272, 286–303, 312, 316, 317, 319, 323, 324, 340, 360, 404, 490
primitive communal economy, xiv, 7, 8, 39, 50, 265, 267, 277, 278, 301, 360, 478
slave economy, xiv, 8, 16, 180, 181, 265, 356
socialist economy, xxviii, 44, 64, 85, 86, 87, 89, 175, 230, 231, 404, 511
Egypt, xxv, 9, 52–53, 141, 257–58, 270, 309, 312–20, 327–28, 484, 494, 503, 505, 507, 509, 518, 520–21, 523, 526
Engels, Frederick, vii, 64, 105, 114, 116–117, 142, 159, 169, 176, 188, 194–95, 208, 364–65, 380, 427, 453, 461, 464–66, 469, 471–72, 476–78, 484–85, 497, 508, 511, 513, 526
England, 120–22, 153, 158, 210, 223, 225, 257, 284, 305, 307–8, 365, 377–78, 403, 408–10, 417, 421–22, 434, 470, 472, 477, 479–81, 483, 489–90, 493–94, 497, 502–3, 505, 507, 509–10, 514, 517; see also Britain
Eulenberg, Botho Graf zu, 509
exchange value, 168, 169, 170, 172, 181, 184, 471
exploitation, viii, xv, xviii, xxi–xxiii, xxvi, xxviii, 16, 19–20, 40, 68, 70, 75, 125–127, 137, 146, 157–159, 170, 172, 181, 192, 198, 239, 246–47, 258, 260, 274, 279, 298–99, 301, 311, 317, 324, 329, 349–50, 353–57, 362, 372, 374, 396–97, 406, 424, 434, 454–55, 457, 461, 473, 479, 486, 501, 524
rate of exploitation, xxiii, 16, 20, 68, 75, 239, 397, 406, 424, 501
factories, 128, 146, 201, 229, 286, 288, 306, 314–15, 317, 329, 371, 390, 459, 463, 477, 493
famine, 122, 204, 207, 258, 271, 276–77, 313, 518
feudalism, xiv, 265–66, 275, 286, 355–56, 360, 438, 478, 488
finance capital, xxiii, 382–83, 511
Finanzkapital (Hilferding), 382–83
foreign trade, vii, xii, 91, 143, 174, 470
France, 22, 120, 122, 133, 148, 150, 157, 208, 257, 273–74, 278, 283–84, 305, 314, 318, 326–29, 365, 376, 403, 408–10, 421–22, 472, 479, 488–90, 493, 496, 507, 509–11, 513–14, 517, 519–20, 525
free trade, 143, 167, 170, 325–29, 463, 467–68, 470, 497, 504–5, 507, 516, 521, 524–25
Frölich, Paul, xxviii
Germany, 119, 135, 158, 191, 208, 212, 264, 273, 305, 310, 322–24, 326–27, 329, 365, 376, 391, 407, 410–11, 421–22, 442, 448, 474, 479–80, 486, 492, 496–97, 504, 506, 509–13, 515, 519, 521, 526
Gillen, Francis James, 8, 503, 509
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 53, 389, 448, 509
gold, 61–65, 94, 105, 113, 122, 169, 173, 192, 215–17, 235, 299–300, 308, 310–11, 321, 348–49, 356, 358, 360, 372, 400, 457, 499, 508
Graziani, Augusto, xxiii
Gros, Jean-Baptiste Louis, 489, 510
Grosier, Jean-Baptiste, 486, 503, 510
Grossman, Henryk, x
Grunwald, Max, 502
handicraft production, xvii, 15, 193, 202, 212, 261, 266, 286, 360, 444
Hanotaux, Adolph, 488
harmony, doctrine of, viii, 122, 141–43, 146, 148–49, 158, 167–68, 190–91, 219, 325–28, 375, 460
Harrington, Michael, xiii–xiv
Harvey, David, xix–xx
He Ping, xxiv
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, xi, 3–4, 421, 517, 525
Herzen, Alexander, 193, 197, 510
Hilferding, Rudolf, xiv, xvi, 382–85, 400, 419, 511
Hindenburg, Paul von, 502, 511
Hirsch, Maurice Baron von, 495, 503, 511
historical materialism, 376, 411
Hong Kong, 283–84, 326, 408, 410
Huei Liang, 512
Humbert, Gustave Amédee, 274, 511
Ilyin (Lenin), 217
imperialism, vii–x, xiii–xv, xviii–xix, xxi, xxiii–xxviii, 1, 6, 324–25, 347, 361–63, 366–69, 373–74, 376, 380–81, 383–85, 387–88, 390, 392, 395–96, 398–99, 402, 404–6, 412–15, 418–23, 425, 430, 436, 438–48, 482, 498–501, 503, 511, 518, 521
Imperialism and World Economy (Bukharin), xxiv
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (Lenin), xxiv
India, Indian, xvi, xxv, 15–16, 39, 52, 146, 206, 221, 253, 257, 263, 267–71, 274, 276, 277, 280, 282, 299, 304, 308, 311, 312, 314, 410, 446, 473, 474, 484, 486–89, 494–95, 505, 507, 512, 514, 516–17, 520, 524, 526
indigenous peoples, xvi, xxvii, 5, 50, 192–93, 197, 267, 269, 272, 275, 277–78, 292, 297–301, 311, 331, 361, 474, 484, 489, 508
industrial reserve army (unemployed), 68, 70, 260–61, 362, 413–17, 425, 430–33, 435, 466
intelligentsia, 193–95, 197, 510
International Monetary Fund, xxv
Issayev, Professor, 195
Italy, 119, 327–29, 408, 410, 479, 507, 520
Japan, xxv, 284–85, 304, 378, 403, 473, 484, 510
joint-stock companies, 465
Junius Pamphlet. See Crisis of German Social Democracy
Kankrin, Yegor Frantsevich, 496, 511
Kant, Immanuel, 233, 366–67, 512, 517, 525–26
Karski, S. (Julian Marchlewski), 348, 512, 515
Kautsky, Karl, xiii–xv, 117, 159, 229, 378–83, 476, 481–82, 499, 501, 506, 512, 518
Keynes, John Maynard, xxiii
Kirchmann, Julius von, 157–67, 172, 174, 176, 178–79, 184–85, 189–90, 222, 252, 263, 365, 402, 473, 512–13
Kowalik, Tadeusz, viii–ix, xviii–xix
labor
abstract labor, 17, 35, 43, 62, 66, 80, 102, 114, 124, 129, 135–36, 145–46, 149, 151, 180, 189, 224–25, 337, 345, 348, 363, 371–72, 396, 403–4, 417, 429, 448, 470
concrete labor, 6, 13, 17, 35–36, 39, 51, 62–64, 66, 71, 77, 97, 135, 164, 226, 240, 259, 329, 360, 363, 372, 444
division of labor, 45, 85–86, 100, 134, 142, 163, 182, 198, 207, 212, 221, 229, 464, 475, 480, 482–83
labor time, 56, 86–87, 204–5, 230–31, 427, 485, 491, 510
necessary labor, 35, 39, 50, 67, 184, 423
paid labor, xviii, xxii, 23–24, 26–27, 31, 34–35, 38–40, 43, 57–58, 73, 75, 103, 108, 134, 148, 150, 204, 230–31, 285, 287, 307–8, 310, 316–17, 321–23, 331, 333–34, 338, 340, 373, 396, 401, 405, 412, 487, 494–95
social labor, 3, 36, 38, 45, 53, 56–57, 61–62, 65, 80, 85–86, 146, 164, 204, 230–31, 352
socially necessary labor, 35, 39, 50, 67, 184
surplus labor, xxii, 44, 71, 97, 235, 246, 362, 423
unpaid labor, 12–13, 27, 31, 34–35, 38–41, 60, 246, 312–13, 455, 460
wage labor, xxvii, 137, 147, 210, 331, 357
labor power, xi, xvi, xxii, 7–9, 13, 17–21, 33, 39, 41, 43–46, 52, 56–57, 59, 68, 70–72, 74, 87, 89, 103–4, 107, 109, 125–27, 130, 163–65, 170–71, 183, 205, 212, 216, 230, 237, 256, 259–67, 272, 291, 298, 301, 311–13, 317, 319, 322, 326, 332–34, 336–37, 339, 341, 466, 482–83, 498
value of labor power, 170
labor theory of value, 28, 33–34, 36, 161–62, 171, 172, 185, 201, 372, 464, 513, 514, 518, 520, 523, 523, 525; flawed alternatives to labor theory of value, 154, 156, 169, 200, 472
laborer, 29, 39, 109, 123, 126, 128, 235, 294, 329, 455, 457, 497
Lafargue, Paul, 292–293, 490–91, 513
laissez-faire, 119, 167, 468, 507, 519, 523
Lange, Friedrich Albert, 411, 513
Leipziger Volkszeitung, 447, 502, 515
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (Ulyanov), ix–x, xiv–xvi, xviii, xxiii–xxiv, 194–95, 217, 228, 230, 468, 476, 480–81, 513, 520, 523. See also Ilyin
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 449, 513, 526
Letournaux, Aristide Horace, 488
Lexis, Wilhelm Hector Richard Albrecht, 158, 189, 513
liberalism, 302, 447, 524, 525
Lichtheim, George, xiii–xiv
Livingstone, David, 298
loans, 245, 279, 294, 307, 309, 429, 494
Lobengula Khumalo, 299, 493, 514
Lodyshenski, K., 497
Lucas, C. P., 493
luxury, 121–22, 156, 165–66, 349, 356, 455
luxury goods, production, 63, 69, 91, 112, 137–39, 145–46, 164, 165, 185, 280, 354, 357–59, 400, 437
luxury workers, 146
Magdoff, Harry, xiii–xiv, xxvi
Maine, Henry James Sumner, 487, 514
Malay Archipelago, 408, 410, 489
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 119, 148, 153–56, 159, 213, 222, 252, 471–72, 514, 524
Mandel, Ernest, xxi–xxii
Manteuffel, Otto Theodor von, 326, 515
Manuilov, Aleksander, 195, 498, 515
Marchlewski, Julian (pseudonym: J. Karski), 348, 512, 515
market
external market, 144, 211, 214, 216, 219, 221, 225, 263–64
internal market, 91, 166, 204–6, 209–11, 214, 220, 225, 263, 480
internal market and external market, concepts revised, 263–64
world market, 91, 140–41, 144, 202, 206, 211–12, 221, 286, 293, 296, 327, 409, 437, 477, 480
Marx, Karl, 6, 11, 24, 26, 132, 142, 144, 151, 153, 156, 158–159, 169, 171–72, 180, 182–83, 186, 191, 192, 194–95, 197, 201–2, 206, 232, 266, 268, 302, 345, 347, 350, 365, 372, 374, 375, 403, 405, 413, 416, 417, 439, 441, 442, 446, 453, 465, 471–72, 476, 481, 499–501, 502, 503, 504, 508, 511, 512–13, 514, 515, 516, 517, 519, 521, 525, 526; Adam Smith criticized by, 33–37, 69–70, 115, 117; Bulgakov’s exposition of, 213–22; contrasted with Bauer, 422–35; critique of by Luxemburg, vii, viii–ix, xi, xii, xviii, xix, xxv, 78–118, 132, 235–64, 349, 356, 359–64, 369–70, 444–45; defended from Luxemburg by others, xix, xxi, xxii, 366, 367–69, 370, 376, 380–81, 384–400, 402, 438; economic analysis of, xi–xii, xiii, xv, 3–4, 7, 12, 16, 22, 30, 32, 43–56, 349, 351–55, 359, 362, 371, 373, 400, 406, 416, 437–38, 454–61; Hegel and, x, 3–4; on primitive capital accumulation, xv, xvi; reproduction schema, 62–77, 163, 199, 235–49, 331, 334, 348–49, 382–84, 443; superiority over previous economists, 188–89, 190, 400, 453–54; Struve’s critical exposition of, 209–12, 483; Tugan-Baranovsky’s critical exposition of, 223–31, 377–80.
Marx, Karl (works)
Capital, Volume One, 68, 93, 117, 148, 191, 194, 235, 476, 508
Capital, Volume Two, vii, xi, xxii, xiii, 55, 105, 114–16, 194, 214, 235, 237, 240, 248, 453–61, 476
Capital, Volume Three, 194, 237, 240, 248, 453–61, 476
The Communist Manifesto, 168, 472
Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 115, 472, 515
Theories of Surplus Value, xiii, 34, 55, 117, 142, 238, 245, 248, 364, 381, 427, 428, 429, 464, 465, 466, 471, 472, 484, 485
Marxism, viii, xiii, xxi, 195, 222–23, 232–33, 366, 369–70, 375, 385, 399, 404, 411, 421, 435, 443–44, 447–48, 483, 504, 506, 513, 524–25
McCulloch, John Ramsey, 122, 132, 133–41, 142, 144, 145, 148, 153, 155, 159, 162, 188, 365, 469, 470, 484, 514
Mehring, Franz, vii, 159, 190, 348, 364, 453, 475–76, 515
Mesopotamia, 306, 310, 323, 376, 442, 495, 507
Mexico, 307, 309, 409, 484, 503, 507
Mignet, Francois Auguste Marie, 468, 515
Middle Ages, 15, 149, 266, 273, 286, 455, 515. See also feudalism
militarism, xiii, xv, xxvi–xxviii, 197, 202, 213, 222, 252, 267, 320, 331–42, 361, 445, 447, 474, 476, 498, 521, 522
Mill, James, 154–55, 268–69, 277, 469, 471–72, 486–88, 504, 521, 524
Mimi (cat), x
Minsky, Hyman, xxiii
Mirabeau, Victor de Riqueti, Marquis de, 22, 463, 516
Molière, Jean-Baptiste, 474, 516
money, x–xi, xxii–xxiii, 3–4, 9, 13–14, 17–18, 23, 25, 30, 39, 41, 43–44, 46, 48–49, 51–52, 72, 78, 88–89, 91–101, 103–16, 149–50, 155, 158, 168–69, 180–181, 199, 209, 211, 214–17, 223, 245, 251, 255, 272, 280, 287, 290, 304–5, 307–8, 311, 315–18, 322–23, 333–34, 336, 339–40, 350, 352–55, 358–59, 367, 370–74, 377, 394, 400–1, 405–7, 416, 423, 429, 454, 456, 465, 471–72, 474, 480–81, 483, 486, 490, 494, 496, 499–500, 505, 517, 520, 524
money circulation, 57–67, 93, 99, 109, 110, 113, 116, 134, 149, 214, 215, 232, 237, 373
riddle of money, 36
monopoly, xxv, 158, 237, 296, 312, 327, 496–97
Morrill, Justin Smith, 288–89, 516
Müllner, Amandus Gottfried Adolf, 471, 517
mutiny, 273, 474, 487. See also uprisings, revolts, rebellions
Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte), 119, 283, 314, 326–27, 496, 508–9, 517
Napoleon III, 283, 314, 326–27, 496, 508–9, 517
Native Americans (American Indians), xvi, 4–5, 50, 279, 286, 292, 297, 298
Ndlovu, Molefi, xiii
neo-Marxists, 478
neo-mercantilism, 479
Neue Zeit, 190, 347, 367–68, 374, 378, 380–81, 383–85, 387, 390, 392, 395–96, 398–99, 402, 404, 412, 418–20, 422–23, 425, 430, 436, 439–40, 442, 448, 481–82, 485, 490–91, 499, 501, 509, 512, 515
Nigeria, 408–409
non-capitalist
areas and spheres, xv, xvi, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 262, 279, 303, 325, 328
countries and societies, xxvii, 253, 259, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 279, 312, 325, 328, 331, 328, 341, 379, 445, 482
formations, xv, 263, 267, 302, 303
production, 257, 259, 262, 265, 329
strata, xxiii, 253, 260, 263, 265, 303, 304, 310, 327, 340, 341, 379, 445
North Africa, xxv, 141, 304, 410, 512
North America, 191, 253, 258, 279, 294, 305, 312, 360, 403, 409–10, 434, 441, 443, 446, 491, 493, 516, 522
North Borneo, 408
Obshchina, 192–193, 207–8, 272
Oncken, Auguste, 463, 465, 517
Opium Wars, xvi, 280, 284, 326–27, 376, 403, 474, 526
Oppenheim, Max Freiherr von, 315–16, 495, 517
original accumulation, xvi, xxvii, 4, 54, 111, 192, 262, 266, 331, 446. See also primitive accumulation
Ottoman Empire, 312, 315, 321–22, 376, 516
overproduction, 55, 101, 136, 139–40, 149, 155–56, 158, 160, 164, 176, 178–80, 199, 201–2, 213, 232, 245, 355, 375, 383, 423–24, 426, 473
Owen, Robert, 120, 133, 168, 468–69, 505, 517
Pannekoek, Anton, 347, 376, 384–85, 498, 501, 517
Pasha, Isma’il, 503
Patnaik, Prabhat, xiv
Peasantry, 158, 192, 194, 205, 253, 262, 269, 323, 333, 437, 444, 477, 497, 511, 516, 525
Peffer, William A., 287, 290, 294, 490–92, 518
Persia, xxiv–xxv, 210, 304–6, 524
Petty, William, 131, 151–52, 167, 195, 197, 207, 232, 253, 263, 274, 291, 297, 301, 311, 339, 402, 420, 448, 472, 478, 518
Physiocrats, 27, 31–32, 38, 67, 162, 348, 516, 524–25
Plekhanov, Georgi V., 193–95, 518
Portugal, 410
Potemkin, Gregory A., 443
poverty, 119, 121, 123, 148–50, 159, 167–69, 174, 178, 188, 206, 224, 381, 454, 467, 472, 494, 504
Pressel, Wilhelm von, 495, 519
prices, 23–26, 30, 32, 34, 41, 43, 65, 69, 88, 112, 119–20, 149, 154–55, 160, 161, 163, 170, 173, 176, 183, 184, 247, 281, 293–94, 295, 297, 308, 313, 333, 336, 405, 407, 419, 425, 247, 280–81, 293, 294, 295, 297, 308, 313, 323, 333–34, 334, 336, 339, 405, 407, 416, 419, 425, 454, 443, 474, 481, 490, 492, 494
Adam Smith on, 23–25, 37–38, 67
fluctuations in, 10–12, 19, 65, 226, 355, 373
Marx on, 112–13, 117, 129, 130, 141
Ricardo on, 67
primitive accumulation, xvi, xxvii, 4, 54, 111, 192, 262, 266, 331, 446. See also original accumulation
private property, 137, 168, 269, 271–78, 487
production
as end in itself, 9, 13, 89, 227, 229–30
production and consumption, 19, 66, 130, 143, 148, 161, 165, 178, 184, 216, 232, 243, 249, 257, 340, 403, 406, 414, 458, 471, 481, 484, 520
handicraft production, xvii, 15, 193, 202, 212, 261, 266, 286, 360, 444
material conditions, 48, 66, 71, 83, 328
means of production, xii, xvi–xvii, xix, xxvii, 4, 8–9, 12–14, 16–21, 23, 26–27, 30–31, 33–35, 37–40, 43–64, 66–67, 69–76, 79, 82–88, 91, 95–101, 103–5, 107, 109–10, 112, 125–28, 130, 132, 150, 163, 168, 175, 183, 186–87, 198, 205–7, 213–14, 216, 224, 227–31, 235–36, 238–44, 246, 251, 253–58, 260, 262–63, 265–67, 279, 291, 303, 311, 322–23, 331–32, 334–35, 337–38, 340–41, 352, 354–56, 358–60, 367–69, 371, 373–74, 387–94, 398, 402–4, 406, 412, 429, 437, 442, 457–58, 460, 464, 466, 477, 482–84, 499–500
mode of production, xiv, xvi, xxii, 11, 13–16, 19, 37–38, 54, 60, 65, 68, 85, 92, 140, 175, 181, 184, 194, 198, 206, 214, 219–20, 231, 233, 238, 244, 246, 250, 252–53, 257–58, 260–62, 269, 302, 349, 352–53, 371, 404, 420–21, 426, 432–33, 436, 447, 455, 465, 481, 483
productive consumption, xii, 165–66, 227–28
productive forces, xiii, 11, 131, 152, 175, 185, 189–91, 223, 225, 229, 233, 246–47, 258, 261, 266–68, 270, 303, 318–19, 325, 328, 375, 377, 383, 385, 445, 472
See also two departments of social production
productivity, xii, 8, 16, 45, 68, 70, 86, 125–26, 136–37, 139, 145–46, 159, 166–68, 172–74, 176, 178–79, 181, 183, 185, 204–7, 230, 233, 240–42, 247, 256–57, 312, 378, 405–6, 414, 423–24, 426, 431–432, 454, 481–84, 498
profit, xi, xx, xxii, 3, 9, 13, 23, 26, 29, 31–32, 34, 37–38, 45, 89–90, 103, 115, 124, 126, 130, 136, 138, 154, 156, 162–163, 165, 180, 182, 184–85, 189, 199–200, 218, 230–31, 233, 237–38, 242, 246, 254, 257, 264, 281, 288, 295, 322, 335, 349–50, 352, 355–56, 358, 362, 370–74, 381, 384, 399–400, 406, 417, 419, 423–26, 453–61, 463–64, 475, 496–500
rate of profit, 3, 9, 45, 115, 184, 230, 233, 242, 257, 264, 419, 423–24, 426, 460–61, 499–500
decline in the rate of profit, 233
proletariat, ix, xxvii, 120, 147, 152, 192, 196, 211, 260–62, 273, 349, 361, 414–15, 419, 421, 423, 427, 430, 441, 446–47, 454, 458–61, 468, 476, 497–99.
See also working class, wage-labor and wage-laborers
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 92, 157, 169, 188–89, 371, 465, 472, 504, 506, 508, 519
Punjab Alienation Act, 271
Queen Victoria, 284, 309, 514, 525
Quesnay, François, 7, 21–23, 28–29, 31, 57, 66–67, 348–349, 369, 400, 463, 465, 471, 509, 516–17, 519
railway construction and industry, xvii, 191, 288, 295, 296, 305, 308, 310–11, 320, 408, 521
Reimarus, Johann Albert Heinrich, 449, 519
rent, 22–24, 26, 28–29, 31–32, 34, 36–38, 66, 90, 109, 124–26, 130, 154–55, 159–60, 179–83, 189, 237, 273, 463–64, 468, 475, 497, 520
reproduction, xi–xii, xxi, xxvi, 7–19, 21–23, 25, 27, 29, 31–33, 36, 40, 43, 45–57, 59, 61–81, 83–87, 89–99, 101–3, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 116, 117, 119–32, 139, 141, 145, 150–51, 154–57, 166, 178–90, 194, 197–98, 200, 213–14, 219, 222–27, 232, 250–255, 264, 302, 325, 328–29, 331–35, 337, 340, 345, 348, 364–65, 370, 373–74, 376–77, 379–83, 385, 393, 396, 400, 402, 463–66, 481, 483–85, 499–500, 519
expanded reproduction, vii, xii, xv, xix, 14, 15–21, 46, 54–56, 68–92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 106, 111, 112, 113, 116–17, 127, 137, 145, 146, 190, 214, 217, 218, 219, 225, 229, 231, 235–49, 250, 253, 254, 260, 303, 311, 312, 364, 395, 396, 465, 481
material conditions of, 48, 66, 71, 83, 328
simple reproduction, 15, 21–22, 43–56, 57, 64–65, 68–69, 71–74, 84–86, 89, 93, 96–99, 101–2, 106–8, 110–13, 127, 131–32, 137, 139, 145, 184, 188, 213–216, 224, 235, 239, 242, 250–52, 254, 303, 381–82, 465, 481
revolution, xvii, xviii, xxiv, xxviii, 122, 158, 195, 208, 265–66, 273, 279, 304, 360, 361, 364, 445, 474, 478, 488, 504, 505, 506, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 517, 518, 520, 522, 524, 525
Rhodes, Cecil, 299–301, 514, 519
Ricardo, David, xi, xiii, 25–26, 28, 32, 36, 67, 69, 119, 124, 132–33, 135–36, 138–39, 142–48, 150–51, 153–56, 159–60, 162, 166, 169, 171–72, 175, 180, 182, 189–91, 199, 202, 219, 232, 248, 252, 263, 277, 365, 430, 454, 465, 468–72, 508, 510, 514, 520, 524
Rinaldo, Geovanni, 520
Roberts, Frederick Sleigh (Lord Roberts of Kandahar), 487, 514, 520
Robinson, Joan, xxv
Rodbertus, Karl Johann, 157–61, 166–90, 192, 195, 201–2, 252, 365, 463, 473–76, 508, 512–13, 520–21, 526
Rosdolsky, Roman, x, xix, xxi–xxii
Rossi, Pellegrino, 133, 469, 520
Rozet, Albin, 488
Rusk, Jeremiah McLain, 293, 521
Russia, xxiv–xxv, 119, 191–95, 197–98, 202–4, 207–10, 212, 221, 233, 257, 304–6, 327, 329, 360, 365, 378, 408, 410, 476–80, 483, 496–97, 503–6, 508–9, 511–13, 516, 518, 520, 523–25
Sa′id Pasha, Muhammad, 315–17, 319, 521
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouroy, comte de, 133, 507, 521
saving, 98, 166, 168, 185–86, 189, 245, 337, 339
Say, Jean-Baptiste, 25–27, 32, 119, 122–24, 132–33, 143–44, 148–51, 153, 155, 159–62, 166, 175, 180, 182, 188, 190, 199, 219, 232, 263, 365, 375, 378, 383, 395, 439, 466, 468, 470–71, 521
Scandinavia, 360
Schäffle, Albert, 210–11, 220, 308, 521
Schiller, Christoph Friedrich von, 162, 506, 521
Schmoller, Gustav von, 210–12, 479, 484, 508, 521, 523
Schultze, Ernst, 493
Schulze-Delitzsch, Hermann, 454, 522
Simons, Algie Martin, 485, 490, 522
simple commodity production, xiv, 12, 27, 232, 265, 291, 302–5, 325, 332, 340–41, 359, 404, 409, 498
Sismondi, Charles Léonard Simonde de, 10, 25, 73, 119–61, 166, 168, 172, 174–76, 184–85, 187, 190, 192, 195, 201–2, 206–7, 209, 221–22, 229, 245, 252, 262–63, 306–8, 310, 365, 468–72, 476, 481, 493, 516, 522
Skoda, Emil von, 522
Skvortsov-Stepanov, Ivan, 195, 523
slavery, 123, 147, 170–71, 180–81, 258, 273, 289, 298, 300, 356, 441, 484, 505–6, 523
Smith, Adam, xi, 4, 11, 21, 23–43, 48, 67, 69, 115, 117, 124, 129–33, 150–51, 158, 161, 163, 182, 185–87, 189, 191, 220, 248, 252, 277, 289, 400, 430, 454, 457, 463–64, 514, 516–17, 519, 523–24
social crises, xiv, xxviii, 304, 311
socialism, vii, ix, xv, xviii, xxiv, xxviii, 152, 158–59, 189, 192–93, 195, 233, 272, 342, 375–76, 443, 447, 472, 474, 499, 506, 508–10, 513, 516–17, 520–21, 523, 525
South Africa, xvi, 297–302, 328, 378, 441, 486, 493, 503, 506, 514, 517, 519–20, 523
South America, xvii–xviii, 306–7, 309, 312, 403, 409, 434, 441, 443, 446, 503, 507, 509, 516
spheres of interest, xvi, xxvii, 42, 326, 328–329, 331
state, states, ix, xx, xxvii, 40, 85, 89–90, 119, 122, 150, 154, 156, 167, 171, 183, 189, 192–93, 197, 208, 220, 265, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274 275, 278, 285, 288, 295–96, 299–302, 304–5, 307, 310, 312–13, 318–19, 320, 322–24, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331–42, 361, 472, 474 479, 492–93, 496–97, 503, 504, 506–8, 513, 515, 516, 517, 520, 522, 523
Stevens, Thaddeus, 288–89, 523
strikes, ix, 157, 192. See also uprisings, revolts, rebellions
Struve, Peter Berngardovich, 191, 195, 209–213, 220, 222–23, 232–33, 252, 478–80, 483, 523
Suez Canal, 9, 312–19, 507, 517, 521, 523, 526
supply and demand, 11–12, 19, 134, 154, 170, 232, 430, 470, 472
surplus value, xi–xiii, xxi–xxii, xxvii, 12–20, 23, 25, 27–28, 31–32, 34, 38–41, 44–45, 47–50, 55, 58–61, 63–64, 66–85, 88–97, 99, 105–15, 117, 127–31, 136–40, 142–45, 154, 156, 160–61, 164–66, 178–81, 183–86, 188–90, 199, 201–2, 205, 209–11, 213, 215–18, 221–22, 228, 231, 235–50, 252–55, 257–65, 279, 291–92, 302, 304–5, 310–12, 322–25, 328–29, 331–33, 336–40, 350, 354–60, 362, 364–65, 367–69, 371–72, 381–82, 388–92, 394–402, 404, 406, 412–13, 415–17, 419, 421, 427–29, 436, 448, 455–56, 458, 461, 463–66, 471–72, 480, 484–85, 498, 500–1
realization of surplus value, xi, xiii, 14, 92, 95, 108, 111, 114, 143–45, 217, 221–22, 248, 252–53, 255, 259, 262–63, 279, 305, 311, 331, 336–37, 339, 365, 372, 388, 400–1, 404, 406, 412
tariffs, xxv, 161, 192, 212, 288–89, 301, 305, 325–29, 333, 361, 479, 496–97, 507, 524
Taussig, Frank William, 289, 490–91, 524
tax collector, 271
taxation, 40, 122, 192, 265–66, 269, 273, 275–76, 285–86, 288–89, 317, 331–37, 339–40, 463, 468, 490, 494, 497–98, 504, 508
technology, xxvi, 207, 231, 292, 329, 387–89, 394–95, 397, 404–7, 410, 415, 418, 422, 433, 435, 508
London Times, 494
theory of crises, 201, 232, 378–80, 382–83, 481
Three World Empires, 209, 211, 479
Timur (Tamerlane), 268, 270, 488, 524
trade unions, xx, xxviii, 191, 459
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, Baron de Laune, 7, 471, 525
Turkey, xxiv–xxv, 304–5, 309–10, 324, 403, 484, 494–96, 506, 511, 519
Tzu Hsi (Empress Dowager), 285, 507, 525
underconsumption, 176, 224, 378–79, 383, 385, 511
unemployment. See industrial reserve army
United States of America, xvi, 5, 115, 210, 253, 257–58, 286–98, 305–9, 313, 422, 465, 477–78, 485, 490–92, 501, 506–7, 516, 521–24
uprisings, revolts, rebellions, 157, 158, 168, 196, 267, 269, 274, 284, 300, 301, 306, 319, 341, 361, 375, 403, 441, 446, 448, 490, 503, 510, 512, 517, 520, 522. See also mutiny, strikes; revolutions
use-value, 3, 16, 35, 54, 66, 71, 124, 145, 163, 169, 184, 205, 221, 235, 240, 242, 471
usury, xxv, 208, 269, 271, 274–75, 278, 316, 504
utopian, vii, 133, 152, 169, 175, 186, 188, 207, 454, 505–6, 517, 521
value, viii, x–xiii, xv, xvii, xxi–xxii, xxvii, 3–4, 9, 11–20, 22–41, 43–64, 66–85, 88–99, 101, 105–15, 117, 122, 124–25, 127–32, 136–40, 142–45, 150, 154, 156, 160–66, 168–72, 176, 178–86, 188–90, 199–202, 204–5, 209–11, 213, 215–18, 221–23, 228, 231, 235–65, 270, 279, 291–92, 296–97, 302–5, 309–12, 315–16, 322–25, 328–29, 331–40, 350, 354–60, 364–65, 367–69, 371–72, 376–77, 381–82, 387–92, 394–402, 404–6, 412–13, 415–17, 419, 421, 423–24, 426–29, 436, 448, 460–61, 463–66, 471–72, 480–81, 483–85, 487, 497–98, 500–1, 510, 513–14, 518, 520, 523–25
theory of value, 28, 33, 154, 156, 161, 162, 169, 171–72, 185, 200–1, 372, 464, 472
Marx’s theory of value, 34, 36, 362, 405, 454, 455, 458
See also capital; exchange value; labor theory of value; labor power, value of; surplus value; use value
Vaucanson, Jacques de, 437–38, 525
violence, vii, ix, xvi, xxvi, 186, 248, 265, 267, 269, 279, 299, 312, 325, 329, 360, 409, 445–46, 486
Vorländer, Karl, 525
Vorwärts, 347–48, 369, 380, 384–85, 498–99, 501–2, 511
wage fund, 25, 172, 216, 430, 504
wage-labor and wage-laborers, xxvii, 12, 13, 25, 34, 39, 40, 41, 43, 57, 60, 89, 121, 126, 137, 147, 210, 237, 262, 294, 329, 331, 357, 455, 456, 457, 471, 490, 497, 498
wages, xi, xxii, xxv, 12–14, 16–17, 23–26, 30, 32–34, 37–39, 41, 43, 47, 57–58, 61, 63, 67, 69–70, 72–75, 88–90, 103, 107–8, 114, 121–22, 124, 126–28, 130–31, 136, 138, 146, 149, 153, 155–56, 159–61, 163–64, 170–72, 178–80, 182–84, 186–87, 201, 204, 211, 213, 218, 230, 237–38, 260, 265, 299, 331, 333–37, 349, 353–54, 356–57, 362, 373, 379, 396, 400–1, 404–7, 412–21, 423, 431, 433, 454–55, 458–60, 463–64, 467, 473–74, 486, 497, 501, 510–11 declining wage, 159, 172, 177
Wagner, Adolph, 182, 189, 210–12, 220, 475–76, 526
war, ix, xiii, xv, xvi, xxvi, xxviii, 8, 119, 144, 265, 268, 270, 273, 286, 304, 305, 329, 333, 334–36, 339, 340, 343, 361, 445, 447, 497, 498, 501, 520
Abyssinian Wars (1880s–90s), 328
Boer Wars (1880–81, 1899–1902), 301, 328, 506
Cold War (1946–91), xix
Crimean War (1853–56), 207, 257, 496, 503, 523
First World War (1914–18), ix, x, xxiv, xxvii, 362, 376, 417, 442, 443, 444, 446, 448, 501, 502, 505, 508, 510, 511, 512, 518, 520, 521, 522, 525
Franco-Prussian (Franco-German) War (1870), 273, 314, 517
imperialist wars, 270, 273, 274, 279–80, 300, 376, 403, 474, 493, 520
Kaffir Wars (Xhosa Wars), 297–98, 299
Matabele Wars (1893, 1896–97), 299, 300, 486, 514
Napoleonic wars, 517
Opium Wars (1839–42, 1856–60), xvi, 279–83, 326, 327, 376, 403, 409, 441, 474, 489–90, 508, 526
Seven Weeks War (1866), 326
Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), 444
U.S. Civil War (1861–65), 191, 257, 258, 262, 286–87, 288–89, 291, 294, 301, 308, 313, 485, 516, 518, 520, 523
U.S. Indian wars, 292
The Wealth of Nations (Smith), 7, 32, 463–64
West Indies, 441
Wilson, Charles Rivers, 318, 526
Wilson, Horace Hayman, 486–87, 526
Witte, Johannes Heinrich H., 367, 526
women, 204, 271–72, 287, 364, 427, 485, 490, 494, 503, 518
working class, ix, xv, xxvii–xxviii, 47, 72, 80, 88–89, 97, 108, 114, 138, 146–47, 150, 157–58, 172, 179–80, 191–92, 202, 204, 237, 260, 331–36, 339, 341, 349, 353–54, 358–59, 376, 378–79, 401, 406, 414–15, 421, 426, 430, 433, 440, 446–48, 457, 459–61, 473. See also wage-labor and wage-laborers, proletariat
working day, 34, 53, 168, 191, 259, 467
World Bank, xxv
Zadruga, 272
Zarembka, Paul, x–xi