49 Sharpe to Meade, January 13, 1863, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 114–15; Seddon to Lee, January 11, 1863, OR, Vol. Part 2, p. 1034. Lee was uncharacteristically blunt with Seddon because the Secretary had suggested that he impress supplies from southwestern Virginia “without limit” and that a “call by you on the people would be more influential in inducing acquiescence, perhaps voluntary contributions, than from any other source.” Then he had the temerity to suggest that Lee also provide the wagons for such an expedition. Lee’s deference to civilian authority was being severely tried. The impressments of supplies at that distance and scale was a responsibility of the Quartermaster Department, not the sorely pressed field army. Yet, Seddon and so many of the rest of the senior members of the Confederate Government realized that the only remaining public figure with unquestioned moral authority throughout the dwindling south was Robert E. Lee. They were all too eager to dump their civic responsibilities on him, a prospect that appalled him.
50 Sharpe to Meade, January 13, 1863, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 114–15; Sharpe to Meade, January 18, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 171.
51 Sharpe to Meade, January 18, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 171.
52 Sharpe to Meade, January 21, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 192.
53 Grant to Stanton, February 4, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 366.
54 Papers of U.S. Grant, Vol. 13, p. 262; Elizabeth Varon, Southern Lady, Yankee Spy: The True Story of Elizabeth Van Lew, A Union Agent in the Heart of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 186–87; “Samuel Ruth,” The Daily Confederate (Raleigh, NC), February 4, 1865, p. 2.
55 “Miss Elizabeth Van Lew: The Full Story of Her Work as a Union Spy,” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 14, 1887, p. 10. The article refers to John Slidell as the one who sent Pole to New York; however, Slidell was the Confederate agent in Paris. Mason was the London representative of the Confederacy. Biographical letter of Benjamin C. Pole, probably May 19, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
56 Pole to Seward, July 29, 1864; Murray to Seward, July 30, 1864; Seward to Wilding, August 6, 1864, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
57 Dudley to Seward, September 22, 1864, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
58 “Protest and Demand found in the City of Richmond Va July 9th, 1866 by Benjamin Pole, a British Subject and in the name of his government,” NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397; Pole to Seward, July 10, 1866, NARA, M619, RG 894, Roll 0397.
59 Statement of 1st Lieut. Henry Wagner, July 15, 1866, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
60 Pole to Sharpe, January 31, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
61 Special Order No. 32, Headquarters Post City Point, VA, February 18, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
62 Diary of Elizabeth Van Lew for early 1865, in David D. Ryan, ed., A Yankee Spy in Richmond: The Civil War Diary of “Crazy Bett” Van Lew (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1996), p. 101.
63 A Yankee Spy in Richmond, p. 102.
64 Babcock to Schoumaker, August 14, 1865 (Office of Special Agent, District of Henrico, Richmond, VA), NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
65 “Local Matters, Richmond Dispatch, February 27, 1865, p. 4. Strangely, the article refers to a Gen. Carr as Pole’s director instead of Sharpe. The only general officer named Carr with the army at Petersburg was Brig. Gen. Joseph Carr, commanding the 4th Division of II Corps. He was an infantry officer with no known connection to intelligence operations. By coincidence, it seems, Carr would, after the war, run on the same ticket for state office in New York as Sharpe’s future son-in-law, Ira Davenport.
66 “Local Matters,” Richmond Dispatch, February 27, 1865, p. 4. The spy’s name is variously shown as Pole and Pool. A Yankee Spy in Richmond, pp. 102–03.
67 War Diary of “Crazy Bet” Van Lew, p. 103.
68 Peter G. Tsouras, Scouting for Grant and Meade: The Reminiscences of Judson Knight, Chief of Scouts, Army of the Potomac (New York: Skyhorse Publications, 2014), pp. xxxiii–xxxiv, derived from NARA, RG 92, Entry 238, Files 0447 for 1864 and 0447 for 1865 (BMI Payrolls); http://www.civilwarhome.com/Pay.htm, accessed February 13, 2013.
69 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries for February 13 and March 6, 1865, pp. 470, 476.
70 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entry for March 15, 1865, p. 479.
71 Theodore Lyman, entry for March 2, 1865, Meade’s Headquarters: From the Wilderness to Appomattox (Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1922), p. 305.
72 Lee to Breckinridge, February 28, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 1265; Inside Lincoln’s Army, p. 1964; Patrick Diary, entry for February 22, 1865, p. 473; Breckinridge to Lee, March 8, 1865, OR, Series 46, Part 2, pp. 1292–93.
73 General Orders, No. 8, Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia, March 27, 1865; Lee, Wartime Papers, p. 970.
74 Babcock to Webb, February 9, 1865, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 38.
75 W. G. McGregor, “Headquarters Army of the Potomac,” Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye (Burlington, IA), February 18, 1865, p. 5.
76 Adam Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, Vol. III (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1882), p. 135.
77 John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903), pp. 424–25.
78 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entry for December 15, 1864, p. 450.
79 Special Orders No. 82, August 28, 1864, Grant Papers, Vol. 13, p. 435; Patrick to McEntee, February 27, 1865, Military Service Record of John McEntee, NARA.
80 Sharpe to Bowers, February 27, 1865, NARA, RG 393, entry 3980.
81 Patrick to the Adjutant General of the U.S. Army, April 29, 1865 with attachment, “Names, etc. of officers serving on the staff of Brig. Gen. W. R. Patrick, United States Volunteers,” NARA, Microcopy 619, RG 94, Roll 0397.
82 Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant (New York: 1886), Vol. 2, pp. 167, 345.
83 Howell and Elizabeth Purdue, Pat Cleburne: Confederate General (Hillsboro, TX: Hill Jr. College Press, 1973), pp. 268–74. Cleburne’s proposal had the effect of destroying his career. He had been slated to command a corps but was passed over by a far less capable officer. It was another self-inflicted wound by the Confederacy’s commander-in-chief, who had recognized Cleburne’s high military talents when he had given him the ultimate epithet, Stonewall of the West, after the debacle at Chattanooga when he had saved the army by his rearguard action. He was arguably the most capable division commander of either army in the Western theater. He was killed in action at the battle of Franklin, leading what was a suicide charge ordered by the army commander, Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood.
84 Grant to Halleck, February 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 475.
85 Richmond Mercury, February 9, 1865.
86 Grant to Canby, February 27, 1865, OR, Vol. 49, Part.1, pp. 780–81.
87 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, February 24, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
88 Gordon to Taylor, February 18, 1865, OR, Vol. 51, Part 2, p. 1063.
89 Gordon to Dear, February 26, 1863, John Brown Gordon Collection, University of Georgia.
90 Sharpe to Bowers, February 23, 1865, RG 108, entry 112, box 1, cited in William B. Feis, Grant’s Secret Service: The Intelligence War from Belmont to Appomattox (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), pp. 260–61.
91 Ord to Rawlins, March 15, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 991; Sharpe to Ord, March 22, 1863, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, pp. 78–79.
92 Homepage of the U.S. Senate, http:///www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Andrew_Johnson.thm.
93 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, March 7, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
1 John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903), pp. 391–92.
2 Manning to Sharpe, March 15, 1865, NARA, M2096, Roll 37; Manning to Sharpe, March 15, OR, Series 1, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 991.
3 Sharpe to Bowers, March 24, 1865, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
4 U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, 43rd Congress (June 22, 1874), 1st Session, Report No. 792 (“Samuel Ruth, W. F. E. Lohman, and Charles Carter”).
5 Babcock to Meade, March 25, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 116.
6 Noah Andre Trudeau. The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864–April 1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), pp. 351–52.
7 Sharpe to Bowers, March 26, 1865, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
8 David D. Ryan, ed., A Yankee Spy in Richmond: The Civil War of “Crazy Bet” Van Lee (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1996), p. 49.
9 Oliver to Bowers, March 27, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 237; Oliver to Bowers, March 29, 1865, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; Oliver to Bowers, March 31, 1865, RG 108, Entry 112.
10 Sparks, David S., ed., Inside Lincoln’s Army: The Diary of Marsena Rudolf Patrick, Provost Marshal General, Army of the Potomac (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964), diary entry for March 28, 1865, p. 484.
11 The Kansas City Daily Gazette, July 10, 1889. The article states that “He has letters on file from Generals Grant, Meade, Hancock, Sheridan and many others.”
12 Harnett T. Kane, Spies of the Blue and Gray (Garden City, NY: Hanover House, 1954), pp. 248–49; “Personal Effects of the Late Miss Van Lew Disposed of at Auction,” Alton Evening Telegraph (Alton, IL), November 24, 1900. After Van Lew’s death in 1900 the flag was auctioned off for $75.
13 “Latest by Telegraph from Washington,” The Cincinnati Enquirer, April 5, 1864, p. 3.
14 Noah Trudeau, The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia—June 1864–April 1865 (Baton Rouge, LA: University of Louisiana Press, 1991), pp. 411–12; Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: The Blue & Gray Press, 1984), pp. 450–51.
15 Grant to Sheridan, April 3, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 529.
16 Sharpe to Rawlings, April 6, 1865, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
17 L. E. Babcock to Patrick, April 23, 1865, NARA M345, RG 109, Roll 0012; “Charges and Specifications against B. C. Pole, Private, F Company, 1st Battalion, 11th U.S. Infantry,” NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 0397; “Military Prisoners in Richmond,” Norfolk Post, August 29, 1865, p. 1.
18 Grant to Sheridan, April 3, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 529.
19 Gordon, pp. 426–27.
20 Gordon, pp. 427–28.
21 Sheridan to Grant, 9:20 p.m., April 8, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 653.
22 Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1887), p. 473.
23 “At the Surrender of Lee,” sketch by Alfred Waud, Library of Congress DRWG/US—Waud, no. 634 verso; Elizabeth R. Varon, Appomattox: Victory, Defeat, and Freedom at the End of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 57.
24 Sharpe, “At Appomattox,” The Philadelphia Weekly Times, June 30, 1877; Sharpe, “The Last Day of the Lost Cause,” The National Tribune (Wash., DC), October 10, 1879, p. 6.
25 Sharpe, “Appomattox: Incidents of Lee’s Surrender,” Philadelphia Inquirer, June 30, 1877.
26 Burke Davis, To Appomattox: Nine April Days, 1865 (Short Hills, NJ: Buford Books, n.d., originally published in 1959), p. 386,
27 Porter, p. 483.
28 Porter, p. 487.
29 “Grant and Lee at Appomattox,” The Shippensburg News (PA), March 11, 1876, p. 1.
30 “Organization of the Late Rebel Army of Northern Virginia,” The Wilmington Herald (Wilmington, NC), April 25, 1865.
31 The original of Lee’s note was retained by Sharpe and is now part of the Sharpe Collection in the Senate House State Historical Site, Kingston, NY.
32 Sharpe to Bowers, April 20, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, pp. 851–53.
33 “Organization of the Late Rebel Army of Northern Virginia,” The Wilmington Herald, April 25, 1865, p. 4.
34 Sharpe to Bowers, April 20, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, pp. 851–53; Sharpe, “At Appomattox.”
35 “Military Prisoners in Richmond,” Norfolk Post (Norfolk, VA), August 29, 1865, p. 1, reprinted from the Chicago Republican; Ordway to Oliver, May 9, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94.
36 G. B. D. Hasbrouck, “Address on Major General George H. Sharpe,” Proceedings of the Ulster Historical Society 1936–1937, p. 39.
37 Catalog Number 961, Object: Sword of General George Henry Sharpe, Sharpe Collection, Senate House State Historical Site, Kingston, New York. The sword was donated to the museum by Sharpe’s son, Henry, and his daughter and is described as: “Dress Sword; hilt of brass with crepe attached; silver colored scabbard; Engraved on scabbard “Brev. Maj. Gen. Geo. H. Sharpe with dates and list of battle he fought in.”
38 William J. Seabrook, “Maryland’s Part in Saving the Union,” Emmitsburg Area Historical Society; Special Orders No. 196, War Department, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe, NARA; Biographical History of the U.S. Congress, http://www.bioguide. Congress.gov; Record of the Court Martial of Benjamin G. Harris, File MM1957, NARA; “Treason at Home: Trial of Hon. Benj. G. Harris,” New York Times, May 12, 1865.
39 Ordway to Oliver, May 9, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94; Oliver to Patrick, May 9, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94.
40 Sharpe to Rawlins, May 16, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 1158; and also at NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 415.
41 John S. Mosby, Mosby’s Memoirs (Nashville, TN: J. S. Sanders & Company, 1995), p. 388.
42 Special Orders No. 276, Headquarters of the Army, Washington, June 3, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 1250.
43 G. B. D. Hasbrouck, “Address on Major General George H. Sharpe,” Proceedings of the Ulster County Historical Society 1936–1937, p. 37; “The Army,” New York Times, July 29, 1866.
44 C. Van Santvoord, The One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, New York State Volunteers, A Narrative of its Services in the War for the Union (Rondout, NY: Press of the Kingston Freeman, 1894), pp. 192–98.
45 Sharpe to Dix, telegram June 10, 1865, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe, NARA.
46 Dix to Dodge, June 11, 1863, and Dodge to Dix, June 12, 1865, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe, NARA.
47 Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant (New York: The Library of America, 1990), p. 771.
48 Marsena R. Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army: The Diary of Marsena Rudolph Patrick, editor David Sparks, editor’s comments (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964), p. 19.
49 J. W. Schaffer, “Patrick,” The Times Picayune (New Orleans), September 27, 1865.
50 “The President’s Reply to the Colored Delegation,” The Times Picayune (New Orleans), June 26, 1865,
51 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, p 19; Virtual Museum—National Military Home Dayton Ohio: http://www.dayton.med.va.gov/museum/headquar.html; http://www.forgottenoh.com/Counties/Montgomery/dayton.html.
52 John Dahlgren, Memoir of Ulric Dahlgren (Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1872), pp. 263–85; Duane Schultz, The Dahlgren Affair: Terror and Conspiracy in the Civil War (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998), pp. 259–61.
53 “The Richmond Post Office,” The Times (Richmond, VA), July 25, 1891. At the time of Van Lew’s appointment, the current postmaster was Alexander Sharpe, Grant’s brother-in-law, who had been appointed by Lincoln. To make room for Van Lew, Grant appointed him U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia. “Woman as Postmasters,” Newport Daily News (Newport, RI), March 10, 1869; Virginia Pilot, October 12, 1890; Harrisburg Daily Independent (Harrisburg, PA), March 22, 1881; The Daily Review (Wilmington, NC), June 10, 1877.
54 William Gilmore Beymer, Scouts and Spies of the Civil War (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003), p. 79.
55 Beymer, p. 54.
56 Beymer, p. 80; “Miss Van Lew’s Debts,” The Times (Richmond, VA), April 27, 1902.
57 Declaration for Pension (Form 3-014a) February 27, 1907, Pension Files of Milton W. Cline (NARA); Historic Cimarron—Curecanti National Recreation Area (U.S. Park Service) http://www.nps.gov/cure/learn/historyculture/cimarron.htm
58 “Rescued: The White Captives Released,” Ouray Times (CO), October 25, 1879. http://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/Repository/OTM/1879/10/25/009-OTM-1879-10-25-001-SINGLE.PDF#OLV0_Entity_0003_0003
59 Bureau of Pensions Statement, July 14, 1904 and State of Colorado. Town of Cimarron, death certificate dated October 30, 1911, Military Pension File of Milton W. Cline; “Milton W Cline.” FindAGrave.com., retrieved October 2, 2015.
60 J. H. Knight [Sgt. Knight’s brother] to Meade, January 1, 1867; Sharpe to Headquarters, Department of the East, January 25, 1867, Military Service Record of Judson H. Knight, NARA.
61 50th Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives, Report No. 1839 entitled, “Judson Knight.”
62 Private—No. 428, “An Act granting a pension to Judson Knight,”; Report No. 467, March 6, 1888 (U.S. Senate) and Report No. 1839, April 22, 1888 (U.S. House of Representatives), both to accompany bill S. 1192, 50th Congress, 1st Session, Military Pension File of Judson H. Knight
63 50th Congress, 1st Session, Senate, Report No. 467, and House of Representatives, Report No. 1839.
64 50th Congress, 1st Session, S. 1192 [Report No. 1839] entitled “An Act Granting a pension to Judson Knight.”
65 Military Pension File of Judson Knight, Appeal of John Hunter (Knight’s Attorney), Certificate Nos. 409 and 319, February 17, 1902, NARA.
66 Pension File of Judson Knight, document, Department of the Interior, Board of Review Division, “Decision to Appellant, June 38, 1902,” NARA. One cannot but draw the parallel between the treatment of Civil War veterans by the Pension Bureau and of our current veterans of Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq by the Veterans Administration.
67 Declaration for Original Invalid Pension, dated April 14, 1879, Pension File of William J. Lee, NARA; General Affidavit of John Landegon, April 22, 1879 and General Affidavit of George H. Sharpe, December 13, 1879, Pension of William J. Lee, NARA; Grant to Lee, Papers of U.S. Grant, Vol. 30, p. 92. Report No. 821, U.S. Senate, 49th Congress, July 1, 1884; An Act granting a pension to William J. Lee (July 5, 1884) true copy of Department of State, July 17, 1884.
68 “Nearly Prevented Gettysburg Fight: Union Scout’s Message to Gen. Meade, if Heeded, Might Have Halted Battle,” June 26, 1913, newspaper clipping (possibly The Washington Star) found in the John C. Babcock Collection, Library of Congress; Letter from Harry Lee to the Commissioner of Pensions, November 28, 1917, Pension File of William J. Lee, NARA.
69 “Scout Carney Visits Kingston,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, September 3, 1915.
70 A. B. Carney, “Carney Protests: Thinks Comrade Landegon Not Warranted in His Reflections,” The National Tribune, July 5, 1894; deposition of John McEntee, March 19, 1887, Military Pension File of Anson B. Carney, NARA.
71 Babcock to Schoumaker, August 14, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 397.
72 Seward to Kelton, December 19, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 397.
73 Seward to Kelton, December 25, 1865, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 397.
74 Pole to Seward, July 10, 1866, NARA, M619, RG 94, Roll 397.
75 Registers of Enlistment in the United States Army Compiled 1798–1914, NARA, M233, RG 15; Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy for the Year 1888 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1888), p. 241; Pension Application for service in the U.S. Army between 1861 and 1900, NARA, T289, RG 15. Benjamin C. Pole, findagrave.com, accessed November 14, 2015.
76 “Boiler Tested,” Kingston Daily Freeman,” January 21, 1874; “Complimentary,” Kingston Daily Freeman, June 4, 1874.
77 Seward R. Osborne, “Officer Biographical Information, 20th New York State Militia (80th NYV).”
78 Bvt Maj. Gen. John Turner to Col. Warren, Notification of appointment, Headquarters, District of Henrico, June 27, 1865; Field and Staff Muster-out Roll, 80th NY, Jan. 29, 1866; and Special Orders No. 197, War Department, Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, April 28, 1863 (Discharge), Military Service Record of John McEntee, NARA; Declaration for Invalid Pension, dated May 1, 1903; Military Pension File of John McEntee, NARA.
79 “Death of Col. John McEntee,” undated article found in the Military Pension File of John McEntee, NARA.
80 Patrick to Babcock, May 5 and 15, 1865 and S. F. Adams to Babcock, January 12, 1903, John C. Babcock Collection, Library of Congress. Stanton was the determined and controlling figure in the hunt for Lincoln’s assassins.
81 John A. Cockerill, “A Pair of Pistols,” Wichita Daily Eagle, August 27, 1892.
82 “Military Prisoners in Richmond,” Norfolk Post (Norfolk, VA), August 29, 1865, p. 1, reprinted from the Chicago Republican.
83 US Census 1870.
84 Henry G. Sharpe to Babcock, November 14, 1905; Theodore Lyman to Babcock, March 4, 1876, Babcock Collection.
85 Cockerill, “A Pair of Pistols.”
86 Bureau of Pensions Declaration for Pension Form 3-014, dated February 1907; Declaration for Increase of Pension Form 3-004, dated January 2, 1907; Military Pension File for John C. Babcock, NARA.
87 Henry G. Sharpe to Babcock, July 7, 1904, Babcock Collection.
88 Henry G. Sharpe to Babcock, January 11, 1905, Babcock Collection.
89 Henry G. Sharpe to Babcock, November 11, 1905, Babcock Collection.
90 Babcock to William A. Pinkerton, April 9, 1908, Babcock Collection.
91 Military Service Record of Frederick L. Manning, NARA; Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate 1871–1877; Democrat & Chronicle, July 19, 1895; “Regimental Reunion,” Geneva Gazette, September 8, 1899; “Prize Speaking,” Democrat & Chronicle, March 18, 1905; “Obituary,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 14, 1908, p. 2.
92 “Brevet Brigadier General Paul A. Oliver, U.S. V.,” http://www.all-biographies.com/soldiers/paul_a_oliver.htm.
93 H. C. Bradsby, “O Surnames, History of Luzerne County, Pa,” 1893, www.pagenweb.org/~luzerne/bios/obios.htm, accessed October 29, 2015; “Nobody Was Hurt,” Altoona Tribune (Altoona, PA), March 22, 1892; “Several Workmen Injured,” The Sun and Erie County Independent (Hamburg, NY), December 16, 1892, p. 1.
94 “Preventing Forest Fires,” Altoona Tribune (Altoona, PA), July 31, 1901, p. 2; “Penn Treaty Tree,” Indian Chieftain (Vinita, OK), March 21, 1895, p. 2.
95 “To the Unknown Dead,” The Olean Democrat (Olean, NY), July 4, 1893, p. 6; “Subscribing for Mrs. Hancock,” The Wilkes-Barre Record, March 12, 1886, p. 4; “Honoring Grant’s Memory,” Wilkes-Barre Times Leader (Wilkes-Barre, PA), August 1, 1885, p. 1; John C. Babcock Papers, Library of Congress.
1 “The Horse of General Sharpe and His Tombstone,” Olde Ulster Journal, Vol. 9, February 1913, No. 2, p. 43–45; “Gen. Sharpe’s War Horse is Dead,” The Courier Journal (Louisville, KY) (from the Kingston Freeman), November 12, 1882.
2 Sharpe to Stanton, March 21, 1866, The Papers of William H. Seward, LC.
3 David D. Ryan, A Yankee Spy in Richmond: The Civil War Diary of “Crazy Bet” Van Lew (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1996), pp. 114–19. Sharpe’s letter is reproduced in the appendix.
4 “The New United States Marshal,” New York Herald, April 8, 1870.
5 Papers of Benjamin Moran, Manuscripts Division, LC, Vol. 18, February 11, 1867.
6 Moran, Vol. 18, February 18, 1867.
7 Moran, Vol. 18, March 14, 1867.
8 Moran, Vol. 18, March 16, 1867.
9 Moran, Vol. 18, March 21, 1867.
10 “Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Report of George H. Sharpe Relative to the Assassination of President Lincoln,” December 17, 1867, Executive Documents Printed by Order of the House of Representatives During the Second Session of the Fortieth Congress 1867–’68 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1868), Document 68; Seward to Sharpe, December 18, 1866, The Papers of William H. Seward, Manuscript Division, LC.
11 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, May 15, 1867, letter from London, Sharpe Collection.
12 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, May 15, 1867. Emphasis in the original.
13 “Our Victory in the War,” New York Times, June 8, 1877.
14 U.S. Census for 1860 and 1870.
15 Hasbrouck, p. 45; “Wake the Echoes,” Kingston Times, July 6, 2006; “The Ulster Family Feud,” New York Times, September 4, 1891.
16 Cornelius Van Buren, Kingston Daily Freeman, March 25, 1925.
17 “Death of General George H. Sharpe,” Kingston Weekly Freeman and Journal, January 18, 1900; Sandra Lanman, “Rutgers Hall of Distinguished Alumni to Induct Eight,” Rutgers FOCUS, May 30, 2006.
18 “This City and Vicinity,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, January 8, 1889.
19 “Kingston Knights of Pythias,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, February 20, 1889, p. 4.
20 “Told by Old Soldiers,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, February 23, 1889, p. 2.
21 “Soldier and Sailors’ Monument,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, April 22, 1889, p. 4.
22 “Old Soldiers and Their Friends,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, May 15, 1889, p. 4.
23 “Old Soldiers and Their Interests,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, May 17, 1889, p. 4.
24 “Meeting Held at the Court House,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, June 7, 1889, p. 4.
25 “The 120th Regiment Monument,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, June 25, 1889, p. 4.
26 “No. of Bank—1,120,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, July 20, 1889, p. 2.
27 “Pertaining to Friendly Societies,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, September 15, 1889, p. 4.
28 “The Local Mortuary Records,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, September 19, 1889, p. 4.
29 “A New Bank Superintendent,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, December 24, 1889, p. 4.
30 Genealogical record, Saint Nicholas society of the city of New York, organized February 28, 1835. Severyn “served as Associate Member of a Legal Advisory Board, Selective Service, in New York City, 1917–1918. He was also Chairman of Local Board No. 136, New York City, 1917–1918.” Sharpe family lineage, The Sharpe Collection, Senate House State Historical Site, Kingston, New York.
31 “Henry G. Sharpe, 89, Retired General,” The New York Times, July 14, 1947; Sharpe family lineage, The Sharpe Collection, Senate House State Historical Site, Kingston, New York; Jean Edward Smith, Grant (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 618; Kingston Daily Freeman, March 25, 1941.
32 “Married Amid Flowers,” The New York Times, April 28, 1887.
33 “Sharpe-Patnyr,” The New York Times, February 18, 1897.
34 Hasbrouck, p. 41.
35 Kingston Daily Freeman, July 28 and July 31, 1873; Hasbrouck, pp. 45–46.
36 Sharpe to Grant, July 1, 1873, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 24 (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press), p. 95.
37 Kingston Daily Freeman, August 7, 1873.
38 Sharpe to McKean, October 6, 1870, Ulysses S. Grant Papers, Series 2, Vol. 5, p. 26, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
39 Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, October 18, 1874.
40 “Personal,” Kingston Daily Freeman, May 23, 1874
41 “Why G. W. Childs, A. M., Hates Gen. Sharpe,” The Indianapolis News, September 11, 1875. Unfortunately, the young Grant Sartorious (b. July 11, 1875 d. May 21, 1876) would not survive the coming year.
42 The National Republican, January 3, 1876; “Grant,” The National Republican, June 14, 1876.
43 George H. Sharpe, “The Old House of Kingston,” The Journal of Kingston, December 29, 1875; and “Old Times and Customs: The Old Houses of Kingston,” New York McKeank Times, December 31, 1875.
1 “Political: Republican State Convention at Syracuse,” The New York Times, September 30, 1869; Kingston Daily Freeman, October 4, 1873.
2 David Stuttard, A History of Greece in Fifty Lives (London: Thames & Hudson, Ltd, 2014), p. 250.
3 Gerald M. Best, The Ulster and Delaware Railroad Through the Catskills (San Marino, C: Golden West Books, 1972), p. 28. At its founding The Kingston Daily Freeman was named the Rondout Daily Freeman.
4 Best, pp. 38–30; “Appointment of Trustee of the NY, K. & S. RR,” Kingston Daily Freeman, November 27, 1873; “A Railroad War,” The New York Times, November 29, 1873.
5 Best, p. 29.
6 “That Ulster County Feud,” The New York Times, September 4, 1891; Best, p. 30. Coykendall and Cornell had become associates in 1859.
7 Hasbrouck, p. 41; Jean Edward Smith, Grant (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 618.
8 “Grand Army,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 7, 1891, p. 1.
9 “An Enthusiastic Meeting at West Bright—Speeches of Gen. Davis and Gen. Sharpe,” The New York Times, September 6, 1872.
10 The Kingston Daily Freeman, November 17, 1873.
11 “Grant and Colfax,” The New York Times, September 18, 1872.
12 The appointment and its salary may have been welcome to Sharpe at this time because the 1870 census shows the value of his real estate at $15,000 and his personal estate at $4,000.
13 “The New United States Marshal,” The New York Herald, April 8, 1870.
14 New York Herald, April 15, 1870.
15 “The Ninth Census,” The New York Times, June 4, 1870; “Refutation of Census Complaints,” The New York Times, September 16, 1870.
16 “Local Politics: Colored Mass Meeting at Cooper Institute,” The New York Times, October 13, 1870.
17 “Politics and the Census,” The New York Times, September 13, 1870; “Refutation of Census Complaints, The New York Times, September 16, 1870; “The City Census,” The New York Times, October 24, 1870.
18 “An Unusually Large Vote Registration Yesterday,” The New York Times, October 19, 1870.
19 “Constitutionality of the Election Law,” The New York Times, November 3, 1870.
20 Fish to Grant, November 2, 1870, Papers of U.S. Grant (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press), Vol. 21, pp. 5–6; Col. James Fisk, Jr., “On His High Horse,” The New York Daily Tribune, November 8, 1870.
21 Fish to Grant, November 7, 1870, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Vol. 21 (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press,), p. 5; “The Election Today,” The New York Times, November 8, 1870.
22 Fish to Grant, November 7, 1870, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, p. 5; “The Election Today,” The New York Times, November 8, 1870.
23 Grant to Shaler, November 7, 1870, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, p. 4.
24 Belknapp to McDowell, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, p. 5.
25 “The Election Today,” The New York Times, November 8, 1870.
26 “The United States Officials—Measures for the Enforcement of the Congressional Law—Troops Held in Readiness—Conferences of national and Local Authorities—Protection Extended to the Deputy Marshals,” The New York Times, November 9, 1870; “The Tammany Ticket Elected,” New York Daily Tribune, November 9, 1870.
27 New York Herald, October 26, 1870.
28 Thomas Kneally, American Scoundrel: The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Daniel Sickles (New York: Doubleday, 2002), pp. 334, 336–37; “Erie: Testimony of Gen. Sharpe on the Sickles Coup-de-Main—Senator O’Brien’s Story,” The New York Times, April 17, 1872.
29 “Night Before Election,” The New York Times, November 5, 1872.
30 Kingston Daily Freeman, June 22, 1874.
31 Sharpe to McKean, February 6, 1870, Library of Congress, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant; OR, Series 2, Vol. 5, p. 26.
32 Fish to Sharpe, February 12, 1871, Library of Congress, Papers of Hamilton Fish.
33 Fish to Sharpe, June 17 and July 28, 1871, Library of Congress, Papers of Hamilton Fish; Adam Badeau, Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mt. McGregor, a Personal Memoir (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1971 (reprint of 1887 first edition)), pp. 375–78.
34 Badeau, p. 378.
35 “An Encouraging Comparison,” The New York Times, August 8, 1887, p. 4.
36 “The Custom House Inquiry,” New York Tribune, May 1, 1877.
37 “The Custom House System,” The New York Times, May 1, 1877; George Frederick Howe, Chester A. Arthur: A Quarter-Century of Machine Politics (New York: Dodd, Meade & Company, 1934), p. 53. “Arthur’s only aid to the collection of these percentages must have been in permitting a list of the officials and their salaries to be taken for the party treasurers.”
38 Thomas C. Reeves, Gentleman Boss: The Life and Times of Chester Alan Arthur (Newton, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1975), p. 116.
39 “The Custom House System,” The New York Times, May 2, 1877; O. E. Babcock to Sharpe, October 27, 1877, Grant Papers at the Library of Congress. Eli S. Parker, a full-blooded Iroquois, had been Grant’s secretary for much of the war and had been in the room at the McLean House when Lee surrendered at Appomattox. The Kingston Daily Freeman, March 10, 1874.
40 “The Surveyor’s Department,” The New York Times, January 11, 1876.
41 Hasbrouck, p. 41; Murray N. Rothbard, “Bureaucracy and the Civil Service in the United States,” Journal of Libertarian Studies, Summer 1995; “New York and Suburban News, The New York Times, April 2, 1873.
42 Donald Barr Chidsey, The Gentleman from New York: A Life of Roscoe Conkling (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1935), p. 245.
43 “Custom-House Methods,” New York Tribune, May 2, 1877; “The Custom House System,” The New York Times, May 1, 1877.
44 “The Custom House Inquiry,” The New York Times, May 17, 1877.
45 “Law Reports, Trial of ex-Inspector Grace,” The New York Times, September 22, 1877.
46 “Custom House Matters, The New York Times, July 22, 1877.
47 “Four Months in Jail,” The New York Times, September 25, 1877; Treasury Department, Exec. Files, Letters of William H. Grace; pamphlet published in NY, 1879, Grace’s Exposure, or Unsweetened Sugars, cited in Howe, p. 68.
48 “Our New York Letter—Notes on Miscellaneous Metropolitan Topics: The Case of William H. Grace,” The Hartford Weekly Times (Hartford, CT), October 4, 1977, p. 7; “Is This Civil Service Reform?”, The New York Times, July 2, 1879, p. 5.
49 Donald Barr Chidsey, Gentleman from New York: A Life of Roscoe Conkling (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1935), p. 245; Reeves, Gentleman Boss, pp. 119, 121.
50 Chidsey, Gentleman from New York, pp. 245, 251.
51 “Is Gen. Sharpe Surveyor?” The Sun (NYC), December 4, 1877, p. 4; “Notes and News: The New York Custom House,” Chicago Daily Tribune, August 2, 1877; “The Surveyorship of New York,” The New York Times, August 2, 1877; Hasbrouck, p. 41; NNDB Tracking the World, entries on Rutherford B. Hayes and Chester A. Arthur, http: www.nndb.com. These latter sources and others state that Sharpe was also dismissed from his office, but they are not contemporaneous. Hasbrouck, who is also not contemporaneous, states that he left the office when his term expired as does the Brooklyn Union-Argus of July 21, 1879 which lists all the collectors of customs and surveyors of the Port of New York and lists Sharpe’s term as having expired. Numerous other holders of these offices were listed as dismissed or removed, including Chester A. Arthur; “Testimonial to Gen. Sharpe,” The New York Times, January 28, 1878.
52 “An Extra Ordinary Proceedings,” The New York Times, December 18, 1877, p. 1; “Grace’s Vindication,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 18, 1877, p. 2. Two years later Grace appeared at the Custom House and presented official documents that said he had been given his job back. His presence was met with disgust by the staff and no one would comply since he had not taken the required Civil Service examinations. The Times speculated that some underling in the Treasury had issued the appointment in the Secretary’s absence, for “he is said to have declared that under no circumstances would Mr. Grace be renominated.” If this is true, it indicates that Sherman knew that Grace was disreputable but used him as a tool to rid the Custom House of Sharpe. “Is This Civil Service,” The New York Times, July 2, 1879, p. 5.
53 “Testimonial to Gen. Sharpe,” The New York Times, January 28, 1878; Hasbrouck, p. 41.
54 “Sharpe Resigns as Appraiser,” March 5, 1899, unidentified New York newspaper, Sharpe Collection, Senate House State Historical Site, Kingston, NY.
55 “A Good Beginning,” The New York Times, January 23, 1879. p. 4; “Albany: The End of the Preliminaries Reached,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 26, 1879, p. 4; “In the Committee Rooms,” The New York Times, March 14, 1879, p. 5; “New York Legislature,” The Sun (NYC), March 15, 1879, p. 3.
56 “City and Town Elections: Democratic Ruffiansim in Kingston,” The New York Times, p. 5; “Imitation of the Southern Plan in New York,” The New York Times, March 24, 1879, p. 1; “The Kingston Election Inquiry,” The New York Times, March 25, 1879, p. 1; “The Kingston Rascality,” The New York Times, April 2, 1879, p. 1; “Election Rioters at Kingston,” The Daily Gazette (Port Jervis, NY), May 6, 1879, p. 2; “The Ulster Election Frauds,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 22, 1879, p. 4; “Results of Democratic Misrule,” The New York Times, September 15, 1879, p. 1.
57 “The Next Legislature,” The New York Times, October 24, 1879.
58 “Cornell-Conkling Candidate for Speaker,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 24, 1879, p. 2; “The Speakership Contest,” The New York Times, January 4, 1879, p. 1
59 “End of the Speakership Fight,” The New York Times, January 6, 1880, p. 1.
60 “The Legislature Getting to Work,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 8, 1880, p. 2.
61 “Legislators at Albany,” The New York Times, January 20, 1880, p. 1.
62 “New York Legislators,” The New York Times, January 17, 1880.
63 “State Legislature Work,” The New York Times, January 21, 1880, p. 1.
64 “About General Sharpe,” undated and unidentified newspaper article, Sharpe Collection.
65 “Legislative Work Ended,” The New York Times, May 28, 1880, p. 5.
66 The New York Times, May 29, 1880, p. 4.
67 “Saturday’s Proceedings,” The Daily Gazette (Port Jarvis, NY), June 8, 1880, p. 1.
68 Smith, pp. 614–17.
69 Hasbrouck, p. 42; James D. Sullivan, ed., The History of New York State (Lewis Publishing Co., Inc. 1927), Book XII, Chapter 9, Part 3, online edition by Holice, Deb & Pam, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/his/bk12/ch9/pt3.html; Chidsey, Gentleman from New York, p. 293; DeAlva Stanwood Alexander, A Political History of the State of New York, Vol. III (BiblioBazaar, 2008), p. 384.
70 “The Candidates Honored,” The New York Times, August 7, 1880.
71 “Garfield and Arthur,” The New York Times, October 11, 1880; “Ulster County’s Complete Ticket,” The New York Times, October 20, 1880.
72 “Candidates for the Assembly,” The New York Times, October 17, 1880.
73 Sharpe to Garfield, November 4, 1884, James A. Garfield Papers, LOC.
74 “Gen. Sharpe the Speaker,” The New York Times, January 4, 1881, p. 1.
75 “Party Caucus Held,” The New York Times, January 4, 1881, p. 1.
76 Alexander, pp. 402–03.
77 “Opening Day at Albany,” The New York Times, January 5, 1881, p. 5; The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, no heading, January 5, 1881; “Activity at Albany,” New York Tribune, January 5, 1881, p. 1; “The Senatorial Contest, New York Tribune, 1st edition, p. 1.
78 “Executive Interference,” The New York Times, March 1, 1881.
79 “Visiting Gen. Garfield,” The New York Times, February 26, 1881, p. 1.
80 “The State Legislature,” The Olean Democrat (Olean, NY), March 24, 1881.
81 Thomas C. Reeves, Gentleman Boss: The Life and Times of Chester Alan Arthur (Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1975), pp. 224–26.
82 In the days before the 17th Amendment, Senators were elected by their state legislatures.
83 “Sharpe and Conkling,” The New York Tribune, June 10, 1882. This article consists of a lengthy statement by Sharpe during the reporter’s interview.
84 C. D. Chickering to Sharpe, May 31, 1882, cited in “Sharpe and Conkling,” New York Tribune, June 19, 1882.
85 “Sharpe and Conkling,” The New York Tribune, June 19, 1882.
86 Thomas Collier Platt, The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt (New York: B. W. Dodge & Company, 1910), p. 160.
87 “Sharpe and Conkling,” The New York Tribune, June 19, 1882; “General Sharpe’s Side of It,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 9, 1982.
88 “Gen. Sharpe in Search of Documentary Evidence to Sustain His Assertions,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 16, 1882.
89 “Between Mr. Conkling and Gen. Sharpe,” Chicago Tribune, June 9, 1882.
90 “Adding to his Humiliation,” New York Tribune (reprinted from the Boston Advertiser), June 14, 1882.
91 “Conkling’s Cause Lost,” The New York Times, May 31, 1881.
92 “The Coming Conflict; Marshalling the Force For and Against Conkling,” The New York Times, May 24, 1881; “Sharpe and Conkling,” The New York Tribune, June 19, 1882.
93 “Naming the Candidates,” The New York Times, June 1, 1881, p. 1.
94 “Sharpe and Conkling” and “Conkling’s Ranks Broken,” The New York Times, July 17, 1881.
95 “Voice of New York Legislators,” The New York Times, July 7, 1881; “Conkling’s Ranks Broken,” Senate Historical Office, http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/hitory/common/generic/VP_Chester_Arthur.htm.
96 “The Conkling Men Routed: An Orderly and Short Convention,” The New York Times, October 5, 1881, p. 1.
97 “Outlining the Campaign: Recognized Need of Harmony in Ulster County,” The New York Times, p. 7.
98 Hasbrouck; Sullivan; “Nominations in the State,” The New York Times, October 27, 1881. p. 1; “Republican Majority,” The New York Times, November 9, 1881, p. 1.
99 Edward P. Kohn, Heir to the Empire City: New York and the Making of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Basic Books, 2014), p. 65.
100 Diary kept by Theodore Roosevelt during the New York Assembly, pp. 1–2, Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace Historic Site, http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.orgt/Research/Digital-Library/Record-aspx!libID=o283076.
101 “Candidates Put in Nomination, The New York Times, September 21, 1882.
102 “More Facts About It,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 30, 1893.
103 Ben Perley Poor, “Chester Alan Arthur,” The Bay State Monthly: A Massachusetts Magazine, Vol. 1, No. V, May 1884; “The President in the City,” The New York Times, September 30, 1881.
104 Hasbrouck, p. 48; “The President’s Summer Trip,” The New York Times, August 19, 1884; “Alek had a good time,” The National Republican, September 11, 1884.
105 Hasbrouck, p. 48; “The President’s Summer Trip,” The New York Times, August 19, 1884; Ruth Tenzer Feldman, Chester A. Arthur (Twenty-First Century Books, 2006), p. 95.
106 Badeau, pp. 334–41.
107 Sharpe to Arthur, May 26, 1884, James A. Garfield Papers, LOC; Jean Edward Smith, Grant (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 622,
108 “Gen. Grant Disappointed,” The New York Times, April 18, 1885; “Getting Stronger,” The Inter-Ocean (Chicago), p. 5; “U.S. Grant’s Memory,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 28, 1893, p. 7; Smith, p. 625; “At Rest in the Tomb,” Chicago Tribune, August 10, 1885; “Will Dine on Grant’s Birthday,” The New York Times, February 26, 1890.
109 “Kingston, NY,” The New York Times, April 6, 1884, p. 1; “The Preliminary Conventions,” The New York Times, April 10, 1884, first edition; “Ulster’s Three Districts Anti-Arthur,” The New York Times, April 13, 1884, p. 1; “The Recent Skirmishes,” The New York Times, April 14, 1884; “Gen. Sharpe, ‘Done for’,” Chicago Tribune, April 15, 1884.
110 “The Temporary Organization,” The New York Times, April 24, 1884, p. 1.
111 “Gen. Sharpe’s Revenge,” The Sun (NYC), 1st ed., September 19, 1884; “Gen. Sharpe Wins His Point,” The New York Times, September 19, 1884.
112 “Gen. Sharpe,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 30, 1884; “All the Whooping if for Blaine,” The Sun (NYC), June 5, 1884.
113 “Trade with Central America,” The New York Times, October 10, 1884, p. 8; “Central and South America: General Grant Suggests that Commercial Agents be Appointed for Manufacturers of the United States,” Dunkirk Evening Observer (Dunkirk, NY), p. 1; “A Great Stir Over Grant,” The Times (Philadelphia), May 17, 1883, p. 1.
114 Hasbrouck, pp. 41–45; U.S. Department of State, Despatches Received by the Department of State from the U.S. Commission to Central and South America, July 14, 1884–December 26, 1885, Washington: National Archives, 1964 (microfilm); “Trade With Southern Nations,” The New York Times, September 17, 1884; “South American Trade,” The New York Times, 1884.
115 “Gen. Sharpe’s Narrow Escape,” The New York Times, August 10, 1884.
116 “Who Will Succeed Folger,” The Critic (Washington, DC), September 12, 1884; “The Treasury Portfolio,” The New York Times, September 13, 1884; The Chicago Daily Tribune, September 18, 1884.
117 1884 Presidential General Election Data—National, http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1884&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0, retrieved December 21, 2014.
118 “A Danger to be Removed,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 25, 1885; “For Gen. Swaim’s Place,” The New York Times, March 2, 1885.
119 “Chester A. Arthur Sudden Death from Apoplexy of the ex-Pres,” National Tribune, November 28, 1886; The New York Times, November 28, 1886.
120 “New York Politics,” The Decatur Herald, September 24, 1885, p. 1.
121 “Gen. Sharpe’s Defeat,” The New York Times, September 11, 1887; The Times (Philadelphia), July 21, 1889.
122 Hasbrouck, p. 44.
123 “New General Appraisers,” The New York Times, July 3, 1890; “Another Estimate of Sharpe,” The New York Times, July 6, 1890; “Gen. Sharpe a Judas as Usual,” The New York Times, November 6, 1890.
124 “Wrecked by its Officers: Ulster County Savings Institute Closes its Doors,” The New York Times, p. 1.
125 “That Ulster Country Feud,” The New York Times, September 4, 1891; “Bossed by Gen. Sharpe,” The New York Times, April 20, 1892; “Sharpe Ran the Convention,” The New York Times, April 27, 1892.
126 Hasbrouck, p. 44.
127 “Custom House,” The Times-Picayune (New Orleans), February 12, 1891.
128 “The Duty on Carpet Wool,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 19, 1891; “The Board of Customs,” The New York Times, April 19, 1898; “Woolen Imports,” The Saint Paul Globe, October 28, 1893; “Work of the General Appraisers,” The New York Times, September 4, 1897.
129 “Proved to be Kites,” The Sun (NYC), March 8, 1891.
130 Hasbrouck, p. 44; “Reorganization of the Board of Appraisers,” The Times (Philadelphia), October 24, 1897; “Gen. Sharpe No Longer an Appraiser,” The New York Times, March 1, 1998; “Walter S. Chance to Succeed Gen. George B. Sharpe,” The New York Times, March 3, 1898; “Gen. Sharpe’s Record,” The New York Times, March 8, 1898; “Requested to Resign,” The Morning Times (Washington, DC), January 26, 1899; “Sharpe Returns to Duty,” The New York Times, April 1, 1898; “The Board of Customs,” The New York Times, March 8, 1898.
131 “Appraisers Asked to Resign,” The New York Times, January 24, 1899; Hasbrouck, pp. 44–45.
1 “Jerome Williams Talks of General G. H. Sharpe,” Kingston Daily Freeman, July 1, 1937.
2 Society of the Army of the Potomac, Report of the 13th Annual Re-Union at Detroit, Michigan, June 14 & 15, 1882 (New York: Macgowan & Slipper, Printers, 1882), pp. 99–110; “Army of the Potomac,” Vermont Phoenix (Brattleboro, VT), May 15, 1896.
| Recording Secretary | Corresponding Secretary | |
| 1869 | George H. Sharpe | Horatio C. King |
| 1870 | George H. Sharpe | Horatio C. King |
| 1871 | George H. Sharpe | W. C. Church |
| 1872 | George H. Sharpe | W. C. Church |
| 1873 | George H. Sharpe | W. C. Church |
| 1874 | George H. Sharpe | W. C. Church |
| 1875 | No meeting held that year | |
| 1876 | George H. Sharpe | W. C. Church |
| 1877 | Horatio C. King | T. R. Rondenbough |
| 1878 | Horatio C. King | T. R. Rondenbough |
| 1879 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1880 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1881 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1882 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1883 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1884 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1885 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1886 | George H. Sharpe | Horatio C. King |
| 1887 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1888 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1889 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1890 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1891 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1892 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1893 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
| 1894 | Horatio C. King | George H. Shape |
| 1895 | Horatio C. King | Horatio C. King |
| 1896 | Horatio C. King | George H. Sharpe |
3 “Gallant Boys in Blue,” Erie County Independent, July 3, 1891, p. 1; Sharpe to Garfield, March 19, 1870 and March 5, 1872, James A. Garfield Papers, LC.
4 Report of the 12th Annual Re-Union of the Society of the Army of the Potomac at Hartford, Connecticut, June 8, 1881 (New York: MacGowan & Slipper, 1881), pp. 61–62.
5 “The Bummers’ Meeting,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 13, 1884, p. 2; Vermont Watchman, June 23; Report of the Ninth Annual Re-Union of the Army of the Potomac at Springfield, Mass., June 5, 1878 (New York: MacGowan & Slipper, 1878), pp. 86–87.
6 Report of the 15th Annual Re-Union of the Army of the Potomac at Brooklyn, New York, June 11 and 12, 1884 (New York: MacGowan & Slipper, 1884), p. 63.
7 “Last Hours of the Confederacy,” The New York Times, January 21, 1876, p. 5.
8 “News of the Day,” Alexandria Gazette (Alexandria, VA), January 3, 1893, p. 2.
9 G. B. D. Hasbrouck, “Address on Major General George H. Sharpe,” Proceedings of the Ulster County Historical Society 1936–1937, p. 47; Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Roster of the Commandery of the State of New York from January 17th, 1866, to January 1st, 1895 (no publication citation); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, “Custer’s Funeral,” October 11, 1877; Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States website: http://suvew.org/mollus.htm, and information kindly provided by Keith G. Harrison, National Junior Vice Commander-in-Chief and National Webmaster & Membership List Coordinator, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States; “Military Gossip,” New York Times, January 13, 1878.
10 “Gen. Sharpe’s Lecture,” Kingston Daily Freeman, December 17, 1873, p. 3.
11 George H. Sharpe, “Our Victory in the War,” The New York Times, June 8, 1877, p. 5.
12 George H. Sharpe and, “Memorial Address of General George H. Sharpe,” Seventh Annual Reunion of the 120th N. Y. V. Regimental Union—Lieut.-Col. J. Rudolph Tappen (Kingston, NY: The Daily Freeman Steam Printing House, 1875), p. 19.
13 Van Santvoord, pp. 199–210.
14 “Sherman Socially,” The Galveston Daily News, February 13, 1891, p. 6.
15 “Home for Ex-Confederate Soldiers,” Harrisburg Daily Independent, April 9, 1884, p. 1. Confederate generals John B. Gordon and Mathew W. Ransom also spoke at the meeting. “Army of the Potomac,” Dunkirk Evening Observer (Dunkirk, NY), p. 1.
16 “The Battlefield Reunion,” The New York Times, May 13, 1888, p. 2.
17 “Gettysburg: Preparations for the Great Quarter Centennial,” The National Tribune, July 5, 1888, p. 8.
18 “The Three Days,” The National Tribune, July 12, 1888, p. 8; “Gettysburg Heroes: Events of their Celebration on the Battlefield,” Weekly News and Democrat (Auburn, NY), July 5, 1888, p. 1.
19 Hasbrouck, p. 47; “Death of General George H. Sharpe,” Kingston Weekly Freeman and Journal, January 18, 1900; Van Santvoord, pp. 211–29.
20 “Old Timer’s Civil War Notes,” Kingston Daily Freeman, April 11, 1961.
21 “Gen. Sharpe’s Gift,” Kingston Daily Freeman and Journal, October 17, 1896; “General Sharpe at the Unveiling,” Olde Ulster Journal, Vol. VIII, November 1912, no. 11, p. 327.
22 “A Statue of Patriotism,” The New York Times, p. 4. The battles are the official list provided by the War Department and read:
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville,
Gettysburg, James City, Mine Run,
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna,
Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburgh,
Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom,
Poplar Spring Church,
Boydton Plank Road, (Oct. 27–28, 1864)
Dabney’s Mills (or Hatcher’s Run)
Petersburgh (or Tucker’s House, March 25, 1865),
Boydton Plank Road, (March 31, 1865),
White Oak Road. Aemelia Springs,
Farmsville, Appomattox Court House.
23 “Gen. Sharpe’s Gift,” p. 328. The verse is from The German of Johann Ludwig Uhland, “The Passage,” anonymous translator.
24 “To Welcome the Troops,” New York Times, August 4, 1898, p. 3; “The Seventy-First Sails,” The Morning Times (Washington, DC), August 9, 1898, p. 1.
25 “The Death of George H. Sharpe,” The Argus (NY), January 17, 1900.
26 West Point in the Making of America, http://americanhistory.si.edu/westpoint/history_5b2.html, accessed December 13, 2014.
27 “A Story of Gettysburg,” The Kane Republican (Kane, PA), January 7, 1899, p. 2.
28 “Death of General George H. Sharpe,” Kingston Weekly Freeman and Journal, January 18, 1900; “Obituary,” New Paltz Independent (New Paltz, NY), February 18, 1898, Sharpe Collection.
29 “Gen. Sharpe’s Death: How It Was Announced to the Assembly,” Kingston Weekly Freeman and Journal, January 18, 1900.
30 “Funeral of Gen. Sharpe,” Kingston Daily Freeman, January 16, 1900.
31 “Death of George A. Sharpe,” Argus, January 17, 1900, Sharpe Collection.
32 “Tribute to Gen. Sharpe,” Kingston Daily Freeman, February 12, 1900.
33 Unsourced newspaper report of Sharpe’s death, Sharpe Collection.
34 “Eloquent Tribute to General Sharpe,” Kingston Daily Freeman, no date given, Sharpe Collection.
35 “The Late Gen. Sharpe,” Weekly Leader (Kingston, NY), January 20, 1900.
36 Charles T. Coutant, “General Sharpe and Lee’s Surrender,” Olde Ulster Journal, Vol. VIII, September 1912, No. 9, pp. 2274–79.
37 “The General George H. Sharpe Memorial Committee Organized,” Kingston Daily Freeman, April 29, 1920; “120th Regiment Reunion Held,” Kingston Daily Freeman, August 24, 1920; Kingston Daily Freeman, February 13, 1953.
38 Mary Black Terwilliger to Fishel, August 21, 1962, Fishel Collection, Georgetown University Library. Mrs. Terwilliger was the Historic Site Superintendent, Senate House Museum.
39 “Jerome Williams Talks of General G. H. Sharpe,” Kingston Daily Freeman, July 1, 1937.
40 “Temporary Camp on Field,” Gettysburg Times, November 11, 1943; “Camp George H. Sharpe Closed at Gettysburg,” Morning Sun (Baltimore), July 27, 1944; “Camp Sharpe Moved to Nearby Area,” Gettysburg Times, July 28, 1944.
41 “The New Unites States Marshal,” New York Herald, April 8, 1870.
42 Henry G. Sharpe to Babcock, July 7, 1904, Babcock Collection.
1 This list is not comprehensive but has pieced together from various sources to include BMI reports, military personnel records, and pension records held by NARA.
2 Edwin Fishel, The Secret War for the Union: The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1996), p. 295.
3 These officers’ ranks are those held when they joined the BMI. Sharpe was brevetted to brigadier general in January 1865 and to major general after the war; McEntee, Manning, and Oliver were all promoted to lieutenant colonel before the end of the war. They were brevetted to full colonel after the war.
4 Also known as the 80th New York Infantry.
5 NARA, RG92, Entries 0910 (1863), 0447 (1964), 0447 (1865).
6 NARA, RG92, Entry 0910 (1863). Scout contract dates were only listed for payrolls Jan–May 1863.
7 Allen’s father, Thomas, was a resident of Fauquier County and considered to be “off color,” a quarter black, and was denied the right to vote. The entire family was strongly Unionist.
8 Fishel, The Secret War for the Union, p. 295. Fishel states that Louis Battail (Lewis Battle) and Dabney Walker “went on the payroll as cooks,” although they are listed as guides on the June 1863 payroll.
9 NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34, Sharpe to Williams, July 9, 1863. Although Beverely is not listed in the payrolls, Sharpe definitely writes of him as “one of our scouts” in this report.
10 Blake was not listed on the BMI payrolls but was identified as a scout in the company of Judson Knight in NARA, RG 110, Entry e31, Box 2, File 80, by a letter dated April 13, 1863.
11 Anson Carney earlier served in B Co., 20th NY State Militia.
12 Cline’s Military Service Record at NARA states he was on detached duty at Army of the Potomac headquarters since February 25, 1863.
13 Walter Cline was the teenage son of Chief of Scouts Milton Cline.
14 Cole’s Military Service Record at NARA contains a letter from Col. Sharpe attesting to Cole’s presence in the BMI as of March 5, 1863.
15 First mention of Dodd with the BMI was in March 1863.
16 NARA, RG92, Entries 410 (1864) and 410 (1865). A Henry Evans is listed in the November 1864 payroll, and a Henry Evans described as colored is listed in the March 1865 payroll.
17 William Fay, shipbuilder, was one of the runners for the Richmond Unionist spy ring run by Elizabeth Van Lew.
18 Ebenezer Halleck, grocer on Main St., was one of the runners for the Richmond Unionist spy ring run by Elizabeth Van Lew.
19 Harter had been a member of the Co. I, 1st IN Cavalry until his discharge on October 9, 1863, after which he was employed by the BMI.
20 NARA, Military Service Record of Martin E. Hogan. Hogan was a 22-year-old Irish immigrant and member of Co. A., 1st Indiana Cavalry where he served as a scout. He had already been captured once on August 5, 1862 and paroled and exchanged. Sharpe had requested his transfer to the BMI on June 6, 1863. He was to be captured again on this expedition and escape in January 1865.
21 First mention of Humphreys in the BMI was February 13, 1863.
22 John C. Babcock Collection, Library of Congress. This may well be the colored guide, Richard Johnson. In 1902 a lawyer for Johnson’s widow inquired of Babcock if he could confirm Johnson’s service, and cited May 1864 as the date he joined the BMI.
23 NARA, Military Service Record for Judson Knight. Knight had been in H Co., 2nd New Jersey Infantry before being medically discharged on Dec 31, 1862. He then joined the BMI as a civilian.
24 Jack Lyon is referred to as a scout in a BMI report of April 5, 1863.
25 Charles Major was one of the runners for the Richmond Unionist spy ring run by Elizabeth Van Lew.
26 Alexander Myers was one of the runners for the Richmond Unionist spy ring run by Elizabeth Van Lew.
27 Edwin Fishel, The Secret War for the Union, p. 292. Fishel identifies D. G. Otto as an early scout for Sharpe who had proven himself scouting for Pleasonton; however, there is no D. G. Otto in the Military Personnel Records at NARA.
28 Daniel Plew’s Military Service Record at NARA states he was on detached duty as a scout with the Secret Service at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac as of June 14, 1863.
29 Fishel, The Secret War for the Union, p. 295. Fishel states that Dabney Walker and Louis Battail (Lewis Battle) “went on the payroll as cooks,” although they are listed as guides on the June 1863 payroll.
30 Weaver is identified by Sharpe in a message dated August 11, 1863 (NARA, BMI files) as employed by the BMI although his name does not appear on the payrolls.
31 William Wilson appears in Library of Congress photos, LC-USZ62-108336, by James Gardner, and is identified by name as a scout with the Headquarters, Army of the Potomac. Wilson’s name does not appear in the BMI payroll records.
32 Abram Coin had been a wagoner in the 20th NYSM, which was part of the Provost Brigade, and was wounded in the explosion of the ammunition ship at City Point in August 9, 1864. He was mustered out at City Point on September 18. He appeared on the BMI payroll only once, in December 1864, as a teamster. He’s an example of how fluid was the personnel make-up of the BMI.
33 Figures were obtained from NARA, RG 92, Entry 238, Files 191 (1863), 447 (1864), 447 (1865).
34 The originals of these tables are found in the Hooker Papers at the Huntington Library in Pasadena, CA. There are four copies in different hands of most of these tables. This author has not been able to find copies in the National Archives.
35 Incomplete returns
36 Does not include detachments absent from the battle of Chancellorsville
37 “Oscar Talks of His Plans for the New Kingston Hotel,” Kingston Daily Freeman, July 23, 1922, p. 1.
38 “Severyn B. Sharpe, Lawyer, Dies at 73,” The New York Times, November 26, 1929.
39 Application for Membership, National No. 94105, The Rhode Island Society of the National Society, Sons of the American Revolution, March 29, 1966.
40 “Colonel Henry G. Sharpe,” The Minneapolis Journal, February 23, 1901; “Gen. Sharpe Promoted,” The Washington Post, September 17, 1916.
41 West Point in the Making of America, http://americanhistory.si.edu/westpoint/history_5b2.html, accessed December 13, 2014; “Meade’s Men Meet Lee’s at Gettysburg,” The New York Times, June 22, 1913.
42 U.S. Army Quartermaster Foundation, http://www.qmfound.com/MG_Henry_Sharpe.htm, accessed December 13, 2014; “General Sharpe promoted.”
43 “Henry G. Sharpe, 89, Retired General,” The New York Times, July 14, 1947.
44 “Ira Davenport,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 7, 1904; “Mrs. Davenport Presents Copy to Senate House, Kingston Daily Freeman, December 3, 1930; “Auction Sale,” Daily Messenger (Canandaigua, NY), October 1, 1946.