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[2] Peregrine, P.N. and Ember, M. – Editors. Encyclopedia of Prehistory . 2001
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[10] Audouze, Francoise and Olivier Büchsenschütz. Town, Villages and Countryside of Celtic Europe. 1992.
[11] Bintliff, J. The Complete Archeology of Greece. 2012.
[12] Bintliff, J. The Complete Archeology of Greece. 2012.
[13] University of Rhode Island. “Santorini eruption much larger than originally believed." 2006.
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[16] Streiffert, A. – Editor. The World’s Must-See Places. 2005.
[17] Pullar, A. Dust of Gods 2018.
[18] Anthony, D. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language. 2007.
[19] Ricks, D. and Magdalino, P. Byzantium and the Greek Identity . 2018.
[20] Horn, C. and Kristiansen, K. – Editors. Warfare in Bronze Age Society. 2018.
[21] Price, T. Douglas et al. “Multi-isotope proveniencing of human remains from a Bronze Age battlefield in the Tollense Valley in northeast Germany.” Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. 2017.
[22] Milisauskas, S. Editor. European Prehistory – A Surve y. 2002.
[23] Boughton, Dot. “The Early Iron Age socketed axes in Britain.” July 2015. Retrieved from Academia.edu.
[24] Milisauskas, S. Editor. European Prehistory – A Survey. 2002.
[25] Clark, G. World Prehistory – A New Outline. 1969.
[26] Nikolova, Lolita; Merlini, Marco, and Alexandra Comsa. Western-Pontic Culture Ambience and Pattern: In memory of Eugen Comsa. 2016.
[27] Sobin, G. Luminous Debris. 1999.
[28] Oosthuizen, S. Tradition and Transformation in Anglo-Saxon England. 2013.
[29] Mountain, H. The Celtic Encyclopedia – Volume 1. 1997.
[30] Davis, David Brion . The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. 1970.
[31] Ritari, K. and Bergholm, A. – Editors. Understanding Celtic Religion: Revisiting the Pagan Past . 2013.
[32] Insoll, T. – Editor. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion . 2011.
[33] Andersen, Helle Daamgard. Urbanization in the Mediterranean. 1997.
[34] Eliot, Alexander. The Penguin Guide to Greece. 1991.
[35] Rostovtzeff, Mikhail. A History of the Ancient World: The Orient and Greece. 1926.
[36] Ibid.
[37] Cited by Hans van Wees in “Demetrius and Draco: Athens’ Property Classes and Population in and Before 317 BC.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol. 131, 2011.
[38] Ibid.
[39] Garland, Robert. Athens Burning. 2017.
[40] Paine, Lincoln. The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World. 2014.
[41] Luttenburger, Mark. From Darius I to Phillip II: The Story of the Greek Poleis. 2017.
[42] Ibid.
[43] Skelton, Debra and Pamela Dell. Empire of Alexander the Great. 2009.
[44] Ibid.
[45] Wilson, Nigel. Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. 2013.
[46] Ibid.
[47] Strauss, Barry. The Death of Caesar. 2016.
[48] Chaniotis, Angelos. War in the Hellenistic World. 2008.
[49] Carratelli, Giovanni Pugliese. Roma e l’Egitto. 1992.
[50] Shea, John. Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle. 2016.
[51] Anderson, Zachary. The Fall of Rome and the Rise of Constantinople. 2015.
[52] Bairoch, P. Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present. 1988.
[53] Chartrand, Rene; Durham, Keith; and Mark Harrison. The Vikings. 2016.
[54] Ciggaar, K.N. Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium. 1996.
[55] Grant, R.G. Warrior: A Visual History of the Fighting Man. 2007.
[56] McKay, John P; Hill, Bennett D; and John Buckler. A History of Western Society. 2002.
[57] Richard, Kenneth. “Arctic Was Warmer 9,000 Years Ago When C02 was Low.” Principia Scientific International. 16 July 2018.
[58] Waldman, C. and Mason C. Encyclopedia of European Peoples. 2006
[59] Iyigun, M. War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God. 2015.
[60] Demid, David. Science and Technology in World History. 2014.
[61] Curta, F. and Holt, A. – Editors., Great Events in Religion - Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History. 2017.
[62] Davis, P.K. Besieged: 100 Great Sieges from Jericho to Sarajevo. 2003.
[63] Bury, J.B. “History of the Later Roman Empire.” Macmillan & Co. Ltd. 1923.
[64] Hodgkin, T. Italy and Her Invaders: 553-600. Book VI. Web .
[65] Kleinhenz, C. Routledge Revivals: Medieval Italy (2004): An Encyclopedia -, Volume 2. 2004.
[66] Bachrach, B. Charlemagne's Early Campaigns (768-777): A Diplomatic and Military Analysis . 2013.
[67] Sypeck, J. Becoming Charlemagne: Europe, Baghdad, and the Empires of A.D. 800. 2006.
[68] Thunø, E. Image and Relic: Mediating the Sacred in Early Medieval Rome. 2002.
[69] Sanders, R.H. and Sanders, R. German: Biography of a Language . 2010.
[70] Giles, J.A. and Ingram, J. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition. Web.
[71] Palliser, D. M. Medieval York: 600-1540. 2014.
[72] Foot, S. AEthelstan . 2011.
[73] Piggott, S. and Thirsk, J. – Editors. The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 1, Part 1, Prehistory . 1981.
[74] Miller, C. and Miller, J. War: History and Philosophy of War. 2017.
[75] Cawthorne, Nigel. Kings & Queens of England. 2009.
[76] Cawthorne, N. Kings & Queens of England. 2011.
[77] Evensen, S.T. The Altruistic Gene - Revisited: About Actions, Events and Impacts. 2019.
[78] Grossman, M. World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary. 2007.
[79] Marren, P. 1066: The Battles of York, Stamford Bridge & Hastings. Web .
[80] Powell, John. Magill’s Guide to Military History. 2001.
[81] Ibid.
[82] Morris, M. Castles: Their History and Evolution in Medieval Britain. Web.
[83] Kishlansky, M.A., Geary, P.J., O'Brien, P. Civilization in the West, Volume 1. 2001.
[84] Paxton, Jennifer Ph.D. “ The Story of Medieval England: From King Arthur to the Tudor Conquest.” THE GREAT COURSES. 2010.
[85] Darby, H.C. Domesday England. 1977.
[86] “Stephen and Matilda.” Royal.uk. Web.
[87] “Henry II ‘Curtmantle.’” Royal.uk. Web.
[88] Thackeray, Frank W. and John. E. Findling (editors.) Events that Changed the World Through the Sixteenth Century. 2001.
[89] Zelenyj, Alexander. Marco Polo: Overland to China. 2006.
[90] Hanif Raza, M. A Souvenir of KKH, Gilgit, Hunza & Skardu: Saga of Silk Route. 1996.
[91] MacFarquhar, Roderick. The Forbidden City. 1972.
[92] Polo, Marco. Cited in Alexander Zelenyj’s Marco Polo: Overland to China. 2006.
[93] McNeese, Tim and William H. Goetzmann. Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan. 2009.
[94] “Marco Polo and his Travels.” Silk Road Foundation. Web.
[95] Ibid.
[96] Ibid.
[97] Ibid.
[98] Di Tura, Agnolo. Cited in William M. Bowsky’s The Black Death: A Turning Point in History? 1971.
[99] Hall, M. C. Leonardo da Vinci: The Famed Renaissance Man. 2010.
[100] Philip II of France conquered Normandy for France in 1204.
[101] Tout, T.F. The History of England. 1969.
[102] Bartolotta, K.L. The Inquisition: The Quest for Absolute Religious Power. 2017.
[103] “Henry VI.” Royal.uk. Web.
[104] Orgelfinger, G. Joan of Arc in the English Imagination, 1429–1829. 2019.
[105] Ibid.
[106] Barstow, A.L. Joan of Arc: Heretic, Mystic, Shaman. 1986.
[107] Ibid.
[108] Allmand, C. The Hundred Years War: England and France at War C.1300-c.1450. 1989.
[109] “Joan of Arc.” New World Encyclopedia. Web.
[110] Isabella of Castile as quoted by William C. King in Woman: Her Position, Influence, and Achievement , 1903.
[111] Gerli, E.M. – Editor. Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia. 2003.
[112] Meyer, C. Isabel: Jewel of Castilla. 2000.
[113] Cowans, Jon (editor.) Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History. 2003.
[114] Kilsby, J. Access to History: Spain 1469-1598 Second Edition. 2015.
[115] Downey, K. Isabella: The Warrior Queen. 2014.
[116] Hazbun, G. Narratives of the Islamic Conquest from Medieval Spain. 2015.
[117] Ibid.
[118] Murphy, C. God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World. 2012.
[119] Faiella, G. Spain: A Primary Source Cultural Guide. 2004.
[120] Carr, M. Blood and Faith: The Purging of Muslim Spain, 1492-1614 . 2010.
[121] Gallagher, A. Prince Henry, the Navigator: Pioneer of Modern Exploration. 2003.
[122] Murdock, J.B. The Cruise of Columbus in the Bahamas, 1492. Web.
[123] Koestler-Grack, R.A., Goetzmann, W.H. Vasco Da Gama and the Sea Route to India. 2006.
[124] Zronik, J.P. Hernando Cortés: Spanish Invader of Mexico. 2006.
[125] Melvin Eugene Page, M.E. and Sonnenburg, P.M. Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 1. 2003.
[126] Marshall, Peter. 1517: Martin Luther and the Invention of the Reformation. 2017.
[127] Edwards Jr, Mark U. Printing, Propaganda, and Martin Luther. 2004.
[128] History.com editors. “The Reformation.” A&E Television Networks. Last updated September 1, 2018.
[129] Randell, Keith and Russel Tarr. Access to History: Luther and the German Reformation. 2008.
[130] Michelet, Jules and Martin Luther. The Life of Martin Luther Gathered from His Own Writings. 1846.
[131] Robertson, William. The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. 1809.
[132] Lampart, Mark A. Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation. 2017.
[133] A “diet” in this context refers to “the general deliberative assembly of the empire.” Ibid.
[134] Ibid.
[135] Ibid.
[136] Wylie, James Aitken. The History of Protestantism. 1882.
[137] Ibid.
[138] Ridgeway, Claire. The Fall of Anne Boleyn: A Countdown. 2015.
[139] Black, J. Eighteenth Century Europe, 1700-89. 1990.
[140] Spencer, Charles. Killers of the King. 2015.
[141] Childs, J. The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688-1697 . 1991.
[142] Cunningham, L.S., Reich, J.J., Fichner-Rathus, L. Culture and Values: A Survey of the Humanities, Volume 2. 2016.
[143] Carlyle, Thomas. The French Revolution: A History. 1934.
[144] “Seven Years’ War.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[145] Louis XVI in the American Revolution.” Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History . Web. 2006.
[146] Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes: The Essential Political Writings. 2014.
[147] “Jacobin Club.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[148] Fitzsimmons, Michael P. The Remaking of France: The National Assembly and the Constitution of 1791.
[149] “The French Revolution.” PBS. Web.
[150] Moes, Garry J. Streams of Civilization. 2003.
[151] “Directory French History.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[152] “Coup of 18-19 Brumaire French History.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[153] “Napoleonic Wars European History.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Web .
[154] Corrigan, Gordan. A Great and Glorious Adventure. 2014.
[155] Corrigan, Gordan. A Great and Glorious Adventure. 2014.
[156] “Timeline: Napoleonic Wars.” Oxford Reference. Web.
[157] Dwyer, P. Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power. 2013.
[158] “Timeline: Napoleonic Wars.” Oxford Reference. Web.
[159] Nicolls, David. Napoleon: A Biographical Companion. 1999.
[160] Timeline: Napoleonic Wars.” Oxford Reference. Web.
[161] Carte de l'Empire Francais 1812 : Dresse par A.H. Dufour.
[162] “Alexander I Emperor of Russia.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.
[163] Timeline: Napoleonic Wars.” Oxford Reference. Web.
[164] Ibid.
[165] Ibid.
[166] Hindmarsh, J. Thomas. The Death of Napoleon: The Last Campaign. 2007.
[167] Carpenter, K. Refugees of the French Revolution. 1999.
[168] Lakwete, A. Inventing the Cotton Gin: Machine and Myth in Antebellum America. 2003.
[169] Gehani, R. Management of Technology and Operations. 1998.
[170] Berman, B. From Assets to Profits: Competing for IP Value and Return . 2008.
[171] Lamb, Robert. “How Steam Technology Works.” HowStuffWorks . Web.
[172] Kirby, P. Child Workers and Industrial Health in Britain, 1780-1850. 2013.
[173] “1822 Factory Act.” The National Archives . Web.
[174] Langmead, D. and Garnaut, C. Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats . 2001.
[175] Blanc, A., McEvoy, M., Plank, R. – Editors Architecture and Construction in Steel. 1993.
[176] Evans, E. The Great Reform Act of 1832. 1983.
[177] Crouzet, F. The Victorian Economy. 1982.
[178] Dedijer, Vladimir. World War, 1914-1918. 1966.
[179] Tschuppik, K. The Reign of the Emperor Francis Joseph, 1848-1916 . 2017.
[180] Ibid.
[181] Combs, C. Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century . 2013.
[182] Many sources would have us believe that Gavrilo was not strategically planted at that spot but randomly eating a sandwich at the café in that location. Research by Smithsonian writer Mike Dash refutes the sandwich story. Read more in his Smithsonian article, “The Origin of the Tale that Gavrilo Princip Was Eating a Sandwich When He Assassinated Franz Ferdinand.”
[183] Beyer, Rick. The Greatest Stories Never Told . 2003.
[184] Sharp, Alan. 28 June. 2014.
[185] Ray, Michael. “Timeline of World War I.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[186] Ibid.
[187] Ibid.
[188] Ibid.
[189] Barth, Boris. “Stab-in-the-back Myth.” 1914-1918 Online . Web.
[190] Ray, Michael. “Timeline of World War I.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[191] Service, R. The Last of the Tsars: Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution. 2017.
[192] Surh, G. 1905 In St. Petersburg: Labor, Society, and Revolution . 1989.
[193] Figes, Orlando. “From Tsar to U.S.S.R.” National Geographic History Magazine. 25 October 2017.
[194] Leggett, G. The Cheka: Lenin's political police. 1981.
[195] “Reasons for the victory of the Reds in the Civil War.” BBC Bitesize. Web.
[196] Conquest, R. Stalin: Breaker of Nations . 1993.
[197] Griffin, Brett. The Weimar Republic and the Rise of Fascism. 2017.
[198] Martin, Kitchen. “The German Front Experience.” BBC. Web. 3 October 2011.
[199] “Adolf Hitler.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. Web.
[200] “Beer Hall Putsch (Munich Putsch.)” Holocaust Encyclopaedia. Web.
[201] “Adolf Hitler.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. Web.
[202] Ibid.
[203] “Adolf Hitler Dictator of Germany.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[204] Ibid.
[205] Ibid.
[206] “Munich Agreement.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[207] “German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[208] Reynoldson, Fiona and David Taylor. The Twentieth Century World. 1998.
[209] Robinson, Bruce. “World War Two: Summary Outline of Key Events.” BBC. Web. 30 March 2011.
[210] Ridley, Louise. “The Holocaust’s Forgotten Victims.” The Huffington Post. 6 December 2017.
[211] Reynoldson, Fiona and David Taylor. The Twentieth Century World. 1998.
[212] “Liberation of Nazi Camps.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. Web.
[213] Ibid.
[214] Ibid.
[215] Enyia, Samuel O. Servant Leadership. 2018.
[216] Haugen, Brenda. Benito Mussolini: Fascist Italian Dictator. 2007.
[217] Layton, Donald. World War II: A Global Perspective. 1998.
[218] Ibid.
[219] Rhoads, Sean and Brooke McCorkle. Japan’s Green Monsters. 2018.
[220] Robinson, Bruce. “World War Two: Summary Outline of Key Events.” BBC. Web. 30 March 2011.
[221] “You and the Atomic Bomb.” Tribune. 19 October 1945.
[222] George Orwell’s article, first appearing in London’s Tribune, was the first to use the term “cold war.”
[223] Pipes, Richard E. et al. “Soviet Union, Historic State, Eurasia.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web.
[224] Ibid.
[225] Ibid.
[226] “Surprise move from Free State status to independent republic.” Irish Times. 5 April 1999.
[227] Chang, H.H. Chang. Chiang Kai Shek – Asia's Man of Destiny . 2007.
[228] Crompton, Samuel Willard. Sputnik/Explorer I: The Race to Conquer Space. 2007.
[229] Ibid.
[230] Schwartz, Harold. Outpost Berlin. 2010.
[231] John F. Kennedy quoted by Gavin Esler. Lessons from the Top. 2012.
[232] Cogen, Marc. An Introduction to European Intergovernmental Organizations. 2015.
[233] Sebetsyen, Victor . Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 2009.
[234] Manghani, Sunil. Image Critique and the Fall of the Berlin Wall. 2008.
[235] Sauvain, Philip. Key Themes of the 20 th Century. 1996.
[236] The 28 member countries of the EU.” European Union. Web.