Step Four:
Pull Back
Jennifer
 
 
 
 
 
SOMETIMES I SEE A YELLOW bucket. No, I’m not one of those psychiatrists who experiments with LSD; it’s just a visual thought that makes itself present in the space between me and a patient from time to time. The bucket is wide and very tall, filled with water. It represents my patient’s tolerance for stress, and this picture comes to mind when I sense it full to the brim.
Many of us have a large capacity for dealing with stress, but once we reach capacity, the addition of even one tiny drop will spill over the edge, resulting in what scientists refer to as losing our shit.5 This can cause a lot of confusion for the person who just handed us a single drop. And we’ve probably all lost it at some point over something really small, like the dog getting out, the milk being left on the counter, or someone squeezing the toothpaste tube from the “wrong” place. These “nothing” things, when one’s stress bucket is full, can cause a cascade of emotions to spill over the fragile edge of the bucket, confusing and alienating the people in our lives.
At the bottom of the bucket is a spigot. When we figure out how to open it, we can start emptying some of the water from the bottom of the bucket, gradually creating more space for new stuff by clearing out the old. In this way, we increase our capacity for dealing with life’s drama. It’s like letting a little air out of an overfilled balloon or allowing that overly stretched rubber band to relax. This is Step Four. Following the intensity of action in Step Three and giving your crisis the middle finger, it’s time for the ring finger—a symbol not of strength or power but of intimacy. The ring finger is personal. Now we turn inward.
Sometimes I think self-care is the new swear word in psychiatry. In my office, the term elicits everything from blank stares to eye rolls and cringes; long gone are the days when I’d mention it and someone’s eyes would widen and face light up, as if something exciting were about to happen. Self-care has been hijacked by marketing firms to sell us everything from moisturizer to products for thinning hair and nasty toenails. For some people, it has become synonymous with a day at the spa or specialty health and beauty products you can only buy from your friend’s Facebook page. But self-care isn’t fluffy pampering or consumerism, and it has nothing to do with having a bikini wax—or trimming nose hair (but seriously... do that).
One week, three young adult siblings came to see me. Each had an individual appointment and was accompanied by the father, who had arranged for his kids’ consultations. He had identified concerns with each—one used cannabis, one was stuck on video games for hours every night, one was the nicest young woman on the planet but had a mean temper. Dad came into the beginning of each appointment to share his concerns before leaving us to it. On the third day, I finally asked when he was coming to see me. My question surprised him, and he replied his kids were his priority and he wanted to get them sorted first. However, I was concerned. Over the course of the week, I had seen him several times, and each time he looked more pale and exhausted than the time before. He dressed smartly and wore a confident façade, but he wasn’t fooling me. When he didn’t come in, I made a bold decision and called him. Something was wrong.
He surprised me by agreeing to come in for a session. On his intake paperwork, he listed anemia as a past medical problem, so I asked him about it. “For some reason my hemoglobin runs low,” he said, “and when it gets too low, I have to get blood transfusions. My doctor is on top of it.”
“Are you on top of it?” I asked.
He paused, then said, “I’m due for a transfusion, but I wanted to bring my kids here first.” He admitted that his hemoglobin had actually fallen dangerously low and that his doctor had ordered him in for a transfusion, but he thought it perfectly normal to fly to California for a week so his kids could have these consultations with me first. “They’re my priority.”
I was both incredulous and alarmed. “You can die from low hemoglobin,” I told him. “You can have a stroke, heart failure, organ damage. If you don’t take care of yourself, you won’t be able to take care of your kids.” He promised to see his doctor right away.
A few weeks later, I called him to check in. “I have to drive the kids to their games. They have homework. Every night, I cook dinner. My wife travels for work. I just can’t go in!” I could hardly believe my ears. This man was allowing himself to die a slow death because he wouldn’t stop the busyness for one afternoon to get his transfusion, putting his future in jeopardy. Which is really more important: one afternoon of basketball or a future playing with your grandkids?
Although this man’s situation was extreme, many of us have some version of it in our lives during a crisis. We put off taking care of ourselves because it feels like everything around us is a fire that needs to be put out. Kids need to be fed. Endless laundry needs to be put away. The dog is encrusted with a mysterious goo, and when asked about, it the children all suddenly have amnesia. The last thing on our minds is self-care. It sounds like a time-sucking luxury we just can’t afford.
Step Four is about real self-care. It is a time of reflection. Simplification. Of evaluating how we treat ourselves. Setting intentions. Letting some of the water out of the bucket. It’s the private journey of self-intimacy, which is an important part of moving forward through a crisis.

STEP FOUR INVOLVES FOUR (FIVE,6 ACTUALLY) MAIN PRINCIPLES
1. eflection and simplification
2 valuating how you treat yourself
3. etting intentions
4. elf-intimacy

First, we need to calm the complete tornado of the million thoughts and feelings swishing around inside us.
Mindfulness—The Panacea for Catastrophic Thinking
OK, it isn’t actually a panacea, but hear me out. When we’re stressed, our thoughts tend to alternate between ruminating on past events and worrying about the future. We aren’t always present. I can’t tell you how many people have come into my office worried about dementia because they keep losing their keys, forgetting to buy items at the market, forgetting names, and missing exits on the freeway. Occasionally, I diagnose people with dementia, but more often I diagnose them with anxiety. The reality is, most of these people aren’t losing their keys; they’re simply not paying attention to what they’re doing when they put them down. Their minds are elsewhere. They zone out, missing details and hardly noticing the life going on around them because they’re stuck in their heads. It’s good news, actually, because it’s a lot easier to treat anxiety than dementia. But stress is a grand mimicker of many other problems, causing people to run to the doctor to be evaluated for attention deficit disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, chest pain, and digestive issues.
When we’re stressed, our brains look for ongoing justification for it, and if there isn’t stress in the moment, our minds will take us elsewhere—even to our imaginations, where we invent reasons to be stressed. The slow and steady treatment for this is mindfulness. Mindfulness is a fancy term for being in the moment—in this moment, right here, right now. Not in the past, not worrying about tomorrow. Here.
What’s so special about the here and now, when I’m sitting with my hair in a bun wearing pig slippers? It offers a hidden escape from your crisis. When you have thirty minutes before bed all to yourself, which is better: ruminating on the day’s events and cementing the guilt of all your imperfections into your brain lobes or lighting a candle and opening a book? The answer is obvious, but how many of us don’t actually choose the thing that will benefit us? Telling yourself In this moment now, all I need to do is read this book gives your brain a much-needed break from constant overprocessing. It also starts training it not to live in constant worry. You can do the same thing when cooking dinner. Instead of worrying about your upcoming court case or your mom’s doctor appointment, pretend you’re on Top Chef and focus on your chopping, mixing, and flavor profiles. Get lost in the experience. Worrying in this moment isn’t going to solve some massive legal problem or alter the course of your mom’s chemotherapy. But stopping the worrying in this moment will begin a forward momentum in your brain toward rejuvenation. It offers a respite from overthinking.
Reflection and Simplification
Once you’ve practiced being in the here and now, you can bring in reflection and simplification. Ask yourself, how am I adding stress to my life? A patient of mine was in a contentious divorce that resulted in serious financial strain. She was so angry at her ex that she didn’t want to budge on anything. She insisted on going on the same vacations, keeping the kids in their private schools, leasing the same expensive car, and maintaining all of their regular activities, despite the fact they spent the majority of their savings on attorneys. On top of this, the kids were now shuffling back and forth between two households and she was now functioning as a working single parent, maid, cook, and chauffeur. In her mind, she was just maintaining the lifestyle her friends and neighbors all enjoyed, but she was driving herself further into debt, fueled by anger at her ex. She felt she deserved to maintain her lifestyle. The problem was, her expectations weren’t realistic and her behaviors and beliefs were ruled more by emotions than logic. She was adding a ton of stress to her life, but what she really needed was to reflect and simplify.
One of the more difficult things I’ve had to do in life is let go of unhealthy relationships. I’m a people pleaser by nature, fueled by a need for acceptance that’s rooted in my early childhood experiences. But as much as I (or you) may want to keep the people in my life happy, some relationships shift into toxicity and need to be shed or limited. Perhaps you have a friend whose negativity seems unending, who is routinely dishonest or uses others for personal gain. What value does this person add to your life? Now is the time to pull back from relationships that don’t nurture you, support you, add value to your life, and cultivate the relationships that do. Not everyone who is unhealthy can be cut out (your spouse’s mother is probably here to stay), but think of some boundaries you can introduce to give yourself the space you need to recover and tend to your own needs.

THREE QUESTIONS TO HELP YOU REFLECT AND SIMPLIFY
1. How am I adding stress to my life?
2. Which of my daily habits and routines are healthy, and which are too complicated or stressful?
3. How am I willing to simplify these habits and routines?

Simplification involves cutting back without feeling guilty. (Did you get that?) In fact, you should take pride in simplifying your daily routine: you’re taking care of yourself. Now is the time to cut back on unnecessary overworking. You may even need to cut back regular work hours if your crisis is significant . . . without feeling guilty. For so many of us, our lives tend to revolve around work, and for some of us, our lives are defined by our careers. Yes, life involves work, but it should revolve around things that really matter: relationships, community, love. Yes, you need income. No, you do not need to be thinking about your job twenty hours every day. In the best of times you need to find balance. During a crisis, you need to put self-care and your well-being first.
Let’s go back to Nina. In thinking about how she is adding stress to her life, Nina realizes she has put her own medical needs on the back burner to focus on her crisis. Decisions like putting off going to the dentist for her cavity and not seeing her doctor for her follow-up appointment despite her frail health are making matters worse. In evaluating her habits and routines, she realizes mornings are the most chaotic time for the family, and she starts thinking about how she can change them. She also realizes she is focusing on her impending loss rather than preparing herself for the transition that will follow.
Evaluating How We Treat Ourselves
The patients I treat are extraordinarily diverse. I’ve worked with athletes, artists, parents, students, corporate titans, small business owners. They come to me with an equally varied list of problems: anxiety, depression, hallucinations, drug and alcohol use, bipolar mania, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and countless others. As diverse as they are, one thing many of my patients have in common is the tendency to be harder on themselves than they ever would be on others. At times, I have to put myself in that category alongside them.
Have you ever stopped to listen to your internal self-talk? Have you ever made a simple error and called yourself an idiot? Have you ever told yourself you’ll never understand something? You’re too fat to wear that outfit? You can’t take a day off because it means you’re lazy? Too old to fit in? If you are saying things to yourself you would never say to your best friend or to your child, this is your wake-up call. Knock it off. When one of these thoughts pops up, recognize it and stop for a moment, then change it. I’m not an idiot. I just made a mistake. No biggie. No one at the grocery store, office, or beach cares about my body. Age brings wisdom and a seasoned sense of humor. And so on.
Let’s check in on Nina. In evaluating how she treats herself, Nina realizes she has the tendency to take on everything, become completely overwhelmed, and then rely on her father to bail her out. She begins to reflect on this pattern. She knows she shouldn’t have the expectation of being Supermom all the time, but she doesn’t know how to change her thinking. She realizes she is going to need some help in this area. She’s been relying on her father for so long, she doesn’t really know how to rely on herself, and she blames herself for her weaknesses with a constant string of negative thoughts: I’ll never be able to do this alone. I should be better at that. I should be more organized. I don’t know why on earth my husband loves me; I just don’t deserve it.
So how does Nina—how do we—change these thought patterns around?
Setting Intentions
My gardener trims the heck out of my avocado tree each spring: it’s practically bald when he’s finished, and every year, I wonder if he’s gone too far. However, he knows there needs to be room for new growth, for new fruit. The sunshine needs to get into the middle of the tree. Cutting back creates the space for healthy growth.
Of everything you’ve read in this chapter about reflection, simplification, and self-kindness, what resonates with you? Now set your intentions. Evaluate your daily routine and see how it can be simplified. Choose your methods for practicing mindfulness. Maybe you want to try some guided meditations at bedtime to drown out your thoughts. Think about your relationships, what you need, what you can give, and step away from those who don’t offer what you want or those who drain your limited resources. In this quiet step of pulling back from the mayhem of a life crisis, ask yourself What can I do to improve my quality of life on a daily basis? Then each week, pick one or two to do and give yourself permission to do them guilt-free.
Nina decides she can prep lunches the night before, with her kids’ help, to cut back on the arguing and chaos that typically ensue before everyone is out the door for school and work in the morning. She starts lighting candles at the dinner table. She decides to start taking a bath and doing fifteen minutes of gentle yoga and stretching before bed. She decides it will be best for her to cut back on weekend activities and volunteering for the time being to give herself time to unwind or visit with her dad. She also decides to seek therapy to address the long-standing pattern of interaction with her father, with the goal of creating a sense that she will be able to move forward after his death. Therapy will also help with her grieving process, and she will learn the techniques she needs to stop her negative self-talk.
The Power of Self-Intimacy
What kind of hippie crap is this? you’re wondering. Hear me out. Knowing yourself—taking time to think about who you are and what you value—is empowering. What is important for you in your life? Is it a sense of peace? Then you’re going to have to stop fighting with your ex over every nook and cranny in your divorce settlement. (Someone I know spent close to a decade in and out of court fighting with his ex. Trust me, there is no sense of peace in that hot mess.) Do you value honesty? Friendship? Loyalty? Humor? Focusing on the things you value instead of the negative circumstances around you promotes healing.
Gratitude is another word that’s been hijacked; this time it isn’t marketers but therapists who are the culprits. “Start a gratitude journal” has become the elixir for everything. I’m not saying it’s without value, but if I hear that phrase one more time, I may actually scream. However, intentionally practicing gratitude has the power to mitigate a crisis.
At its core, gratitude is acknowledgment and thanksgiving. How can these be found in a crisis? One way is to look for kindness. Has someone sent a text message checking in with you? Brought over a meal, held open a door? Kindness often goes unrecognized when we aren’t looking for it. It’s time to start looking.
As Nina ponders what she truly values in life, family bonds and happy relationships are in the forefront of her mind. She decides to work on nurturing a new closeness with her sons and being more gentle (less irritable) with her husband. She decides to adopt the habit of pausing when she finds herself frustrated with them and asking herself, What is the kind thing to do in this situation? before responding in words or actions.
Some Final Thoughts About Step Four
Humans function best (and make the best decisions) when we are able to balance logic and emotions. (I often tell patients that if our emotions were always logical, I’d be unemployed.) An exaggerated stress response or a lack of an appropriate stress response are each distress signals. Step Four is about finding that point of balance, so that despite our life crisis, our emotional responses can be appropriate for what is going on in the moment, as opposed to being exaggerated by past experiences or by future worries. As you begin your Step Four, be honest in your reflections and kind in how you treat yourself. This is a time to be more scientific than judgmental. In other words, you can reflect through a lens of shame and judgment or use a “scientific approach” that is more curious than blameful. Shame and self-judgment lead to isolation and depression. Curiosity creates a space where change becomes possible. Do Step Four with a spirit of curiosity about yourself. And remember, if you’re struggling with this and can’t see past your own negativity, we encourage you to find a good therapist to discuss these concepts with.