LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

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1.Hadrian’s Wall. Photo: Ian Robertson on Flickr

2.Ribchester Helmet. Photos: © The Trustees of the British Museum

3.Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus. Photo: © AGTravel/Alamy Stock Photo

4.A Sarmatian Horseman

5.Library of Celsus. Photo: Ali Karaalioglu/EyeEm/Getty

6.Theatre of Leptis Magna. Photo: Wikipedia

7.Roman Military Diploma. Photo: © Genevra Kornbluth

8.Herodes Atticus. Photo: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty

9.Mithras. Photo: DEA/A. Dagli Orti/Getty

10.A Parthian Noble. Photo: © B. O’Kane/Alamy Stock Photo

11.Fulvius Plautianus. Photo: © Lanmas/Alamy Stock Photo

12.Septimius Severus. Photo: DEA/A. Dagli Orti/Getty

13.The Severan Tondo. Photo: © Neues Museum, Berlin

14.The Licinius Cameo. Photo: © Bibliothèque nationale de France

15.Maximinus. Photo: Leemage/Getty

16.Pupienus coin. www.cngcoins.com

17.Balbinus coin. www.cngcoins.com

18.A Roman Tunic. Photo: © Genevra Kornbluth

19.Lamp in the shape of a Nubian. Photo: © Agora Museum, Athens

20.Kushan Fresco. Photo: © The Metropolitan Museum of Art

21.Kushan (Gandharan) Buddha. Photo: © The Trustees of the British Museum

22.Palace of Ardashir at Firuzabad. Photo: Wikipedia

23.Victory of Shapur, Naqsh-e Rustam. Photo: © Richard Slater/Alamy Stock Photo

24.The Aurelian Wall of Rome. Photo: Luigi Strano on Flickr

25.Deeds of the Priest Kardir, Naqsh-e Rajab. Photo: The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS)

26.Maximian. Photo: Chris Hellier/Getty

27.Edict on Maximum Prices. Photo: Wikimedia Commons

28.Fausta. Photo: DEA/A. Dagli Orti/Getty

29.The Tetrarchs. Photos: www.cngcoins.com

30.Shapur II Hunting Boar. Photo: © The Smithsonian Museum of Asian Art

31.Sasanian Royal Bust. Photo: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

32.Constantius II. Photo: © Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo

33.Julian. Photo: DEA/A. Dagli Orti/Getty

34.Porphyry Sarcophagus of Helena. Photo: © Genevra Kornbluth

35.The Judgement of Paris (detail) from the Atrium House, Antioch. Photo: DEA/A. Dagli Orti/Getty

While every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders of illustrations, the author and publishers would be grateful for information about any illustrations where they have been unable to trace them, and would be glad to make amendments in further editions.

Maps

Map 1: The Eurasian World

Map 2: The Roman Empire under Hadrian

Map 3: The Roman Empire under the Antonines

Map 4: The Severan Empire

Map 5: The New Empire of Diocletian

Map 6: The Parthian Empire

Map 7: The Sasanian Empire

Map 8: Asia Minor

Map 9: North Africa

Map 10: Mesopotamia, Syria and Palestine

Map 11: Egypt and Cyrene

Map 12: The Danubian Provinces

Map 13: Italy

Map 14: Gaul and Spain

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The Eurasian World

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The Roman Empire under Hadrian

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The Roman Empire under the Antonines

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The Severan Empire

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The New Empire of Diocletian

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The Parthian Empire

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The Sasanian Empire