Index
Act of Oblivion, 263
Adlington, Hugh, 359n137
alehouses, 25, 51, 151, 228, 272
Allen, John, 194
Amboyna, 31, 107, 126, 152, 224
ancient constitution, 12, 21, 75, 83–86, 99, 100, 102, 195, 203, 288
anti-Catholicism, 45–45, 50, 162, 170, 217, 218, 240–242; ballads, 152; drama, 108, 113–114, 122, 123, 124, 125; in ecclesiastical history, 21, 93–95; Elizabeth as symbol, 91, 208, 216, 229; Gunpowder Plot, 211–218; in historical writing, 93; Jesuits, 153, 254; papal deposition doctrine, 30, 143, 188, 250; political culture, 9, 43, 253–254, 276, 290; “popery and arbitrary government” slogan, 43, 47, 49, 92, 158, 261, 266, 291; riots, 209–210; sermons, 170, 177, 178, 179–180, 217; sermons, Paul’s Cross, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177–178; succession, 8–9, 158; visual expression, 224, 229; Whig, 43, 93, 158, 251, 261, 266, 308, 269. See also Armada; Gunpowder Plot; Exclusion; Pope burning processions; Popish Plot; succession
Armada, 200; celebrations, 210, 219; images, 222, 228; news, 43; poems and ballads, 143, 151
Assembly of Divines, 38, 112, 115, 157, 178
assizes, 10, 48, 185, 196. See also sermons, assize
Atwood, William, 87
Aubrey, John, coffee houses, 49, 51, 311n157
audiences, 1, 4, 5, 7, 12, 14, 17, 74, 129, 130, 132, 132, 133, 135–136, 267, 273, 280, 285, 291; for assize sermons, 195–196; expectations, 3; for history, 80, 81, 282; and literacy, 36; for lord mayor’s shows, 182, 187, 195; male, 81; for news, 26, 296; for plays, 7, 21, 105, 106, 112–113, 116–117, 119–120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 270, 293; for political ballads, 153; for political trials, 253, 258; for prints and paintings, 230; for Roman history, 96; for sermons, 4, 7, 22, 168, 170–171, 174, 175; women, 271
Bacon, Francis: on Elizabeth, 90; Essex trial, 254; fables, 247; greatness of kingdoms, 71, 101; on history and historians, 78, 81–83, 96, 97; History of Henry VII, 76, 82, 90, 123; impeachment, 256; judges, 247; Julius Caesar, 97; law reform, 252; libels, 30; masques, 109, 110, 252; natural history, 67, 69; political description, 56–57, 67, 71; Raleigh trial, 255; Royal Society, 69; sedition, 161; travel, 56–57, 68
ballads, 1, 3, 130–155, 270, 271, 344n77, 345n82; Buckingham, 152; celebratory, 151–152; censorship and control, 151, 152; Robert Cecil, 151; contemporary events, 152–154; Cromwell, 153; Earl of Essex, 151; Gunpowder Plot, 152; illustrated, 344n79; influence of, 152; news and, 3, 151, 152, 266; poetry and, 3, 138, 266; Selden on, 152; Tory, 153–154; Whig, 153–154
Banks, John, 115
Baxter, Richard, 138, 175, 185, 210, 309n112, 340n7
bell ringing, 22, 198, 199, 215, 219, 229; Charles II, 40, 203, 218; Elizabeth, 208, 216; Gunpowder Day, 179, 217; James I, 219; James II, 205; Duke of Monmouth, 204; Spanish match, 219, 263
Bellarmine, Robert, 188
Berkeley, Sir Robert, Judge, 224, 248
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 225
Bethel, Slingsby, 71
Bible, see scripture
Biondo, Flavio, 55
Blundeville, Thomas, 78, 81, 313n5
body politic, 18, 112, 129, 157, 159–160, 172, 203, 259, 279
Bond of Association, 350n124
bonfires, 40, 108, 179, 198, 204, 205, 218, 219, 220, 229
Boteler, Edward, 19
Boyle, Roger, Earl of Orrery, 113, 127
Brathwaite, Richard, 89
Brookes, Christopher, 142
Buckingham, 1st Duke of, George Villiers, 27, 32, 33, 91, 107, 119, 163, 176, 223, 288; foreign policy, 31, 109; ghost dialogues, 162; hostility toward, 30, 33, 144, 152, 162, 283; impeachment, 256–257; libels, 30, 144, 152; masques, 109; as Sejanus, 98, 131
Buckingham, 2nd Duke of, 72, 137, 317n61; hostility toward, 145, 146; playwright, 113
Burgess, Cornelius, 176, 178, 179
Burgess, Glen, 84
Burton, Henry, 35, 220, 223, 256, 295
Burton, Robert, 32
Bushel’s case, 249
Butler, Martin, 332n20
Caesar, Augustus, 76, 93, 98, 100, 140, 142, 203, 206, 340n13; in drama, 128–130
Caesar, Julius, 93, 95, 96, 97, 108, 125, 128, 129, 140, 142, 202
Caesar, Julius, Sir, 81
Camden, William, 76, 78, 79, 80, 90
Care, Henry, 44–45, 47, 191, 261, 377
Carew, Thomas, 110
Castiglione, 17; The Courtier, 17, 137, 138, 150
Cecil, Robert, 29, 30, 152, 173, 236
Cecil, William, Lord Burghley, 56, 168, 173
censorship and control, 6, 9, 10, 14, 20, 27, 333n10; debate over, 14; government, 6, 9, 20. See also drama; history; licensing; news; public sphere
Chamberlain, John, 216
Chamberlayne, Edward, 60, 61, 69, 315n36, 324n69
Chapman, George, 107
“character,” 22, 138, 155, 268, 269, 284; Samuel Butler, 349n150; John Cleveland, 157; of countries, 358n125; definition, 155, 157, 165, 347n109, 348n123, 349n130; John Earle, 33; evolution, 4, 10, 155–159; Thomas Fuller, 155; kings, 155–156; political, 156, 157; as political genre, 4, 10, 49, 50, 155–159; popularity, 156; religious, 4, 15, 156; stereotyping, 156–157, 165; Tories, 58, 269; Whigs, 157–158
Charles I, 35, 85, 140, 213; and Duke of Buckingham, 110; building plans, 225–226; censorship, 48; coronation, 201; court, 97, 10; drama, 112; Eikon Basilike, 141, 223; ghost dialogues, 162–163; history, 79, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98; January 30 commemorations, 170, 180–185, 186–187, 218; lord mayor’s shows, 206; marriage, 31, 143, 219, 234; as martyr, 102, 115, 126, 141, 146, 171, 180–181, 225, 259, 268; masques, 109–110; news of, 38; on news, 33, 34, 38, 93, 97; and Parliament, 86, 89, 236; Petition of Right, 33, 220; poetry, 140–141, 142, 143; prerogative, 236; scriptural comparisons and parallels, 102, 181, 812; sermons on, 168, 171, 174, 178, 180–185; ship money, 162, 236, 256; trial and execution, 22, 184, 234, 253, 259–260; as tyrant, 89, 91; visual images, 222–226. See also Buckingham, 1st Duke of; masques; Parliament; Petition of Right; prerogative; ship money; Spanish match
Charles II: accession, 234; as Augustus, 98, 140, 203; ballads, 153; building plans, 226; coronation, 79, 203–204; drama, 113, 125, 130; royal entries, 201, 203; history, 89, 90–91, 98; judiciary, 249; lord mayor’s shows, 206–208; on news, 40, 92; news of, 43, 236, 241; opera, 111; parallels, 140, 268; Parliament, 43, 236, 241; Popish Plot, 43; portraits, 22; progresses, 203; public display, 204; Restoration, 40, 153; seditious libel, 48; sermons, 170; as tyrant, 89, 92; visual representations, 224. See also Declaration of Indulgence; Duke of York; Exclusion; Parliament; Popish Plot; prerogative
Cheynell, Francis, 178
chorography, 3, 20, 59, 76, 313n1; overlap with natural history, 67
Church of England, 8
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 17, 130
Clarendon, see Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon
Clark, Jonathan, 276
Clifford, James, 299n4
coffee houses, 10, 11, 46, 52, 241, 267, 272, 279, 292, 296; John Aubrey, 41, 49, 311n157; auctions, 312n155; Clarendon, 51, 52; Brian Cowan, 285, 312n139, 312n162; culture, 2, 52; Jürgen Habermas, 1, 14, 48, 285, 299; Roger L’Estrange, 45, 49, 51; licensing, 51, 52; and news, 10, 20, 44, 46, 47, 48–53, 228, 292; Steven Pincus, 115, 285, 311n139; public sphere, 48, 214, 279, 285, 299; republicanism, 100; Rota, 51; satires of, 50, 145, 146, 207; suppression, 52; Tories and, 50–51; Whigs and, 51, 115, 228
Coke, Sir Edward: charge to grand jury, 186, 243; common law, 371n61; dismissal, 246, 247; John Hayward and, 88–89; historical views, 80, 84, 87; Institutes, 239; judging, 186, 239; law, 84, 95, 239; libels on, 30; Parliament, 87, 246; Petition of Right, 211; prohibitions, 238; Sir Walter Raleigh, 255; Reports, 233, 239
Colledge, Stephen: in ballads and broadsides, 154, 164, 262; ghost dialogues, 164; images, 224; trial of, 154, 262, 281
Collins, Samuel, 66
Colonies, 75, 100–101, 102, 132, 221
communication, see drama; gossip; news; trials
conscience, 18, 19, 144, 194–195, 208, 279; liberty of, 50, 72, 93, 170, 191, 210, 241, 244, 337n85
Constantine, 99, 131, 216, 223
contract, theories of government, 18, 88, 100, 149, 182, 188, 239, 279, 290, 329n132, 378n97; condemned, 183–184, 195, 378n97; Jesuit origin, 181, 183; marriage contract, 149
corantos, 4, 5, 31–32, 33, 35, 157, 305n47. See also news
coronation, 22, 198, 202, 207, 229; Charles I, 202; Charles II, 203; Elizabeth, 200; James I, 201; James II, 204, 205
corruption: in law courts, 63, 193; Rome, 96, 98, 107, 131, 206; in royal court, 30, 63, 97, 98, 107, 114, 126, 131, 140, 147, 150, 338n93
Cotton, Sir John, 34, 78, 80, 88, 324n67
Council of State, 38, 39, 62, 63, 112, 153, 168
courts: borough, 16; Chancery, 16, 232, 252; common law, 23, 230–231, 237–239, 273, 276; Court of Wards, 252; ecclesiastical, 16; High Court of Justice; 252, 259; Levellers on, 252–253; petty sessions, 242, 252; prerogative, 9, 16, 233, 237, 238, 286–287; quarter sessions, 10, 16, 48, 212, 242, 243, 271; Star Chamber, 237, 267. See also judges; juries; law; Star Chamber; trials
courts, royal, corruption in, 30, 63, 97, 98, 107, 114, 126, 131, 140, 147, 150, 338n93. See also masques
Cowan, Brian, 281, 282, 285, 311n138, 312n152, 379n4
Cowell, John, 235
Cowley, Abraham, 102, 129, 139, 142–143, 149, 165, 324n66, 341n66
Cromwell, Oliver, 20, 52, 98, 163, 226, 260, 276; “character,” 157, 163, 228; drama and, 112, 125; in ghost dialogues, 162, 163, 164, 165; hostility toward, 97, 153, 163, 164, 207, 220, 224, 228, 260; images of, 224, 226; lord mayor’s shows, 207; news-books, 39, 41; poems on, 140, 141, 143, 149, 340n14; republicans and, 91, 97; satirized, 53, 163, 164; tyrant, 89, 90, 157; visual images, 222, 226, 227
Cromwell, Richard, 39, 234, 260
Curtis, Jane, 309n110
Curtis, Langley, 309n110
Cust, Richard, 32–33
Daniel, Samuel, 85, 89, 107, 120, 141, 148, 325n77
Davenant, William, 110, 112, 113, 125
Declaration of Indulgence: Charles II, 42, 236, 273n43, 287; James II, 47, 170, 210, 236, 263, 287
Dell, William, 178
Dekker, Thomas, 6, 108, 123, 124, 206
Denham, John, 112, 113, 127, 128
Denmark, 62, 63–64, 176, 178, 316n37, 316n40
D’Ewes, Sir Simonds, 111
diplomats, 109, 199; and political information, 20, 29, 54, 61–70, 72, 74, 76, 271
divine right of kings, 30, 88, 125, 176, 206, 235, 243–245, 250, 290; Charles I, 201, 204; coronations, 203, 205; drama, 1, 119, 120, 123, 126, 128; James I, 91, 167, 222; masque, 108, 110, 202; sermons, 171, 174, 180, 181, 184, 185, 186–188, 195–197, 255, 267, 269, 271
Donne, John, 143
drama, 107, 134–135, 273; to 1642, 107–110; 1642–1660, 111–114, 131; 1660–1688, 112–114; ambassadorial interference, 106, 107; audiences, 21, 105, 111–112, 115, 117, 118, 130, 132, 133, 134, 145, 270; Julius Caesar, 108; censorship and control, 104, 106–108, 111, 129, 131, 135; chronicle plays, 104, 115–122, 128–131; Clarendon on, 123; closing of theaters, 111–112; court corruption, 117, 126, 127, 130, 132, 134; Dutch wars, 125–126; Elizabeth, 123, 125; European settings, 107, 123–127; focus on individuals not institutions, 134–135; A Game at Chess, 107, 125; genre, 135; Henry IV, 21, 120, 121, 124, 135, 336n72; Henry V, 121; Henry VI, 121–122; historical plays, 10, 21, 104, 131, 132, 133, 336n72; lessons and usefulness, 104–106, 115, 116, 131–134; monarchy in, 117, 119, 121–122, 133–134; parallels, 106, 113, 116, 117, 124–126, 127–129, 130, 132, 334n44; patronage, 21, 116, 132, 133, 136; printed plays, 106, 107, 111–112, 113, 115; prologues, 114, 115, 124, 132, 266, 335n49; Puritans, 106, 109; rebellion, 120–121, 133; Richard II, 12, 116, 120, 132, 135; Richard II and Elizabeth, 88; Richard III, 122–123; Roman, 108, 128–131; rulers portrayed, 116, 117, 121–122; succession plays, 107, 117–118, 119, 121, 125–126; theaters, 106; theory of, 104–106; Tories and, 111, 113, 114–115, 125, 269; tragedy, 32, 268; tyrants and tyranny, 133, 135; usurpation, 122, 125, 133; Whigs and, 114, 115, 124. See also individual dramatists
Dryden, John, 2, 6, 130, 347n57; Dutch war, 126, 144; history and historians, 83, 115, 124, 125; on poetry, 115, 138, 139, 141; prologues, 115, 124; on satire, 144; theater audiences, 113–114; Tory polemicist, 115, 124, 125, 137, 146, 227, 269; on tragedy, 10; translator, 124. Works: Absalom and Achitophel, 102, 146; Albion and Albanius, 114; All for Love, 130; Amboyna, 126; Annus Mirabilis, 144; Astraea Redux, 341n18; Conquest of Granada, 125; Duke of Guise, 114, 124; Heroicque Stanzas, 141; The Medal, 146; The Indian Queen, 125; The Spanish Fryer, 125; Threnodia Augustalis, 141
Duke of Monmouth, 165, 204, 206, 209, 228, 337n86; ballads and poems, 146, 147, 154; in drama, 124, 337n86; possible successor to Charles II, 43, 44, 204, 218, 234, 262
Duke of York, James Stuart, later James II, 46, 224, 228, 262; ballads, 154, 262; Catholicism, 89, 251; dramatic treatment of, 111, 125; exclusion of, 26, 43, 44, 154, 187, 213, 216, 234, 244; Popish Plot, 43; progresses, 204. See also Exclusion; James II; Test Act
Dury, John, 71
Echard, Laurence, 66
Earle, John, 33
Edward the Confessor, 84, 88, 118, 238
Edward II, 120
Eisenstein, Elizabeth, 14
elections, 11, 17, 221, 244, 292, 293, 372n21; City, 209; James II, 372n21; parliamentary, 42, 43, 154, 169, 213, 232, 240–241
Elector Palatine, 31–32, 108, 126, 219, 223, 234, 332n19, 338n93
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 7, 15, 109, 162, 255; accession, 5, 8, 91, 172, 208, 233; Accession Day, 10, 205, 215–217, 269, 285, 291; as Astraea, 140; to biblical figure, 102, 172, 215–216; censorship, 106, 107, 120; ceremonial, 200, 201, 209; as Constantine, 98; drama, 123, 125; Earl of Essex, 116, 254, 278; funeral, 201; ghost dialogues, 162; historians on, 76, 79, 88, 90–91; images, 9, 222, 228, 229, 285; linked with Protestantism, 90, 123, 208; marriage, 28, 160, 167, 233, 235; Mary, Queen of Scots, 254; poetry, 141–142, 143, 147–148, 160; plots against, 20, 188, 229, 254; popularity, 201; portraits, 221–222; public display, 200; as Richard II, 116, 120, 278; sermons, 167, 173, 176; succession, 233, 235
engagement, 39, 164, 179, 251, 252, 270
Essex, Earl of, 29, 97, 162, 255, 278, 280; ballads, 151, 154; drama, 107, 116, 120, 123, 124, 129, 130; ghost dialogue, 164–165; rebellion, 107, 116, 130, 254; sermons, 173, 254; trial of, 151, 254, 255, 283
Evelyn, John, 46, 69; medals, 81, 227; political description, 63, 69, 72; on Restoration, 203
Exchange, the, 9, 10, 25, 30, 32, 37, 58, 279, 285, 292; ballads, 345; petitioning, 45, 214
Exclusion, 94, 132, 136, 164, 188, 209, 218, 261, 282, 290; ballad, 153; bill introduced, 209; fable, 162; grand jury charges, 245; pamphlets, 8, 114, 270; Parliament, 41, 271; petition, 213; poems, 146–147; Shaftesbury, Earl of, 261; Tories, 266; Whigs, 209, 266. See also Duke of York
executions, 13, 17, 198, 231, 254, 284, 294, 298; Algernon Sidney, 150, 154; Charles I, 22, 39, 112, 150, 163, 169, 171, 177, 179, 180, 184, 215, 223, 227, 239, 259; Mary, Queen of Scots, 28, 151, 211. See also trials
fables and analogies, 18, 159; Aesop, 18, 159–161; critique of fables, 118; fable of the belly, 129, 161; political uses, 138, 155, 159–162, 165, 349n34. See also body politic
Fanshawe, Sir Charles, 112, 140, 141, 143, 148
Ferrell, Lori Ann, 352n35
fiction, 4, 82, 110, 267; contrasted with fact, 3, 27, 28; history plays, 132
Filmer, Sir Robert, 18, 44, 182, 189, 262
fireworks, 22, 198, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220
Fitz-Harris, Edward, 141
Five Knights Case, 235, 248, 257, 356n82
Five Mile Act, 251
flags, 227–228
Fletcher, Giles, 65–66
Forset, Edward, 159
Fortescue, Sir John, 235
Foxe, John, 80, 81, 83, 90, 94, 222
Foucault, Michel, 6
France, 11, 60, 63, 71, 72, 143, 164, 283; antagonism toward, 8, 42, 121; anti-Catholicism, 8, 123, 291; civil wars, 29, 124, 381n21; descriptions, 58–59, 63–69, 315n33; English drama and, 123–124, 377n85; “greatness,” 71, 315n33; law, 235; news, 28, 29, 32, 42; political culture, 11; public sphere and, 381n21; sermons, 173, 174, 183
Fulbecke, William, 98
Fuller, Thomas, 91, 94, 155–156, 160, 168
funerals: Cromwell, 202; royal, 202, 203
Gailhard, Jean, 58
Garnett, Henry, 255
Gauden, John, 177
Gazette, see London Gazette
geography, 20, 55, 57, 60, 62, 65–66, 67, 69, 72, 74, 313n4
Geertz, Clifford, 11
genre, 266–268; advantages and disadvantages of genre approach, 24, 270–272; channels for political expression, 3–5, 268; stability, 3
ghost dialogues, 162–165, 268, 283
Glorious Revolution (1688) 5, 7, 13, 14, 114, 147, 192, 195, 211, 248, 249, 263, 266, 274, 312n176; and public sphere, 282
Godfrey, Edmondberry, Sir, 115, 145, 164, 208, 224, 227
Gondomar, Count, 105, 107, 125
gossip, 3, 17, 26, 30, 31, 48, 49, 239, 267, 272, 278, 294. See also news
“greatness” of states, 61, 63, 66, 71–75, 100, 318n68
Green Ribbon Club, 114, 115, 208, 228
Greenberg, Janelle, 84
Greene, Jack, 299n3
Greville, Fulke, Lord Brooke, 71, 96, 127, 130, 142, 148, 160; law reform, 252
Grindal, Edmund, Archbishop, 215–216
Gunpowder Plot, 30, 92, 162, 188, 229; ballads, 152; celebrations, 10, 17, 22, 215, 217–218, 269, 285, 290; playing cards, 228; poems, 142, 143; prints, 222; sermons, 170, 171, 174, 177, 179–180; trials, 254–255
Gustavus Adolphus, 33, 140, 219
Habermas, Jürgen: coffee houses, 2, 14, 48, 285, 299; public sphere, 2, 48, 274, 279–286
Haclaz, Alexandra, 281
Hakewill, William, 85
Hale, Sir Matthew, 87, 239, 245
Hall, Thomas, 187
Hampden, John, 35, 247; Hampden’s case, 256
Harrington, James, 2, 39, 40, 97, 99–100, 268; civil war, causes, 92; colonies, 100; history, 78, 99; Oceana, 312n157; republicanism, 78, 99–100
Harris, Robert, 174
Harris, Tim, 285
hawkers, of news and ballads, 25, 32, 44, 153, 288; women, 45, 309n110
Hayward, John, 80, 88–89, 97, 278, 324n71
Hedley, Thomas, 85
Heinemann, Margot, 331n10
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, 92, 110, 126, 222, 226
Henry IV, King of England, 120; dramatic treatment, 21, 120, 121, 124, 336n72; Sir John Hayward and, 80, 97, 278; treatment by historians, 88, 121, 124, 277, 325n77
Henry IV, King of France, 29, 31, 315n33, 325n77
Henry VIII, 8, 109, 123, 221, 336n72
Henry, Prince of Wales, 97, 107, 109, 140, 151, 219, 332n20; investiture, 201, 219; public exposure, 201
Heraclitus Ridens, 45
Herbert, Sir Thomas, 127
Herodotus, 55
Heylyn, Peter, 85, 91, 94; on France, 63, 315n35
Heywood, Thomas, 105, 116, 123, 130, 206, 366n34
Hickes, George, 182
Hicks, Michael, 12
High Commission, 26, 169, 177, 211, 233, 252
Hill, Christopher, 333n10
Hirst, Derek, 240
history, 11, 266, 267; ancient, 55; of the book, 6, 14; civil war, 21, 91–93; ecclesiastical, 21, 93–99, 102; English, Saxon to Norman, 83–88; English, Norman to Tudor, 88–93; genres, 3, 81–82; Greek, 95; of ideas, 5; intellectual, 1, 56; interest in, 21; lessons and uses, 21, 77–81, 103; literary, 5, 6, 11, 55, 274, 275, 276, 279; Marxist, 13; norms, 82–84; parallels drawn, 78, 79–80, 88–89, 98, 116, 117, 120, 124, 129, 131, 135, 259, 278, 329n69; political education, 21, 77–81, 267; of political thought, 2, 5, 6, 67, 73; providential, 19, 83, 101, 102, 190; reading, 17, 56, 75, 77, 78–79, 115; revisionist, 11, 13, 14, 275–276, 280, 282; Roman, 3, 95–98, 102, 128, 266; scriptural, 101–102; translations, 9. See also ancient constitution; Magna Carta; parallels; providence; individual historians
Hoak, Dale, 12
Hobbes, Thomas, 2, 3, 6, 189, 268, 319n8; contract, 181; history, 78; judges, 239; law, 239–240; mixed monarchy, 95; poetry, 139; preaching, 168; prudence, 319n13; rebellion, 92; romance, 149; translator of Thucydides, 95
Holinshed, Raphael, 89, 118, 119, 120, 123
homilies, 19, 181, 266; on obedience, 166, 167, 190. See also sermons
Hooker, Richard, 6
Houston, Allen, 275
Howard, Robert, 79, 89, 113, 125, 317n61
Howell, James, 58, 60, 168, 314n13, 319n10
humanism and humanists, 19, 74, 76, 150, 328n130; application of knowledge, 267; education, 17–18, 95, 138, 295; political description, 67, 76
Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, 203, 260; civil war, 92; coffee houses, 51, 52, 168; on Elizabeth, 91; on Grand Remonstrance, 36, 212; historian, 91, 92; impeachment, 125, 260, 295; on news, 33
images, see portraits; coins
impeachment, 255–256, 288, 289; Francis Bacon, 256; Clarendon, 125, 260; Lionel Cranfield, 256; judges, 245, 246, 254, 257, 258, 295; Roger Maynwaring, 255; Strafford, 257, 258, 295, 376n74. See also trials
Independents, 38, 143, 156, 168, 170, 178, 183; hostility toward, 323; and Presbyterians, 256, 179; sermons, 179, 183; sermons against, 178
“interest” of states, 50, 59, 61, 65, 71–72, 73, 75
Ireland, 13, 58, 142, 143, 162, 226, 275; ballads, 151; description, 59–60; news, 39; rebellion and war, 39, 254, 258
James I, 27, 32, 75, 98, 109, 162, 216, 233–234, 326n64, 326n87; ceremonies, 201, 202, 365n10; coronation, 201; divine right of kings, 29–30, 187, 195, 222, 235, 354n39; and drama, 107, 118, 125; entry into London, 201; funeral, 201; ghost dialogues, 16; history, 79, 87; judges, 159, 248, 249, 326n87; law, 85, 187, 234, 239, 252; lord mayor’s shows, 206; Magna Carta, 87–88; monopolies, 255; Parliament, 313, 326n87; preaching, 206; prerogative, 30; public exposure, 201, 365n10; Sir Walter Raleigh and, 255; Society of Antiquaries, 8; speeches, 30; as Solomon, 101, 173; Union of England and Scotland, 30, 206, 234, 252, 276, 387; visual images, 221–222, 226, 227
James II, 11, 47; accession, 204, 205; ballads, 154; coronation, 205, 354n39; Declaration of Indulgence, 170, 210, 234, 263; divine right of kings, 128; Exclusion, 88, 154, 158; judges, 248, 249; justices of peace purged, 3, 72n22; lord mayor’s show, 209, 210; portraits, 222; progresses, 205. See also Duke of York; Exclusion
Jesuits, 152, 183, 212, 173, 224; contract theory, 181; hostility toward, 173, 224; plots, 283; pope burning processions, 208; trial and execution of, 254. See also anti-Catholicism
Jewel, John, 172, 173, 180, 181
Jones, Angela, McShane, 345n94
Jonson, Ben, 31, 98, 149–150, 153, 344n77; drama, 98; masques, 109, 131; poetry, 138, 139, 140–150, 255, 345n83; Sejanus, 107, 130–131
Jordan, Thomas, 207
judges, 9, 23, 192, 194, 196, 232, 246–250, 252, 253, 254, 265, 271; assizes, 193, 185, 246, 249, 286; charges by, 242; criticism of, 186, 193, 254, 257; Crown and, 9, 46, 185, 196, 237, 247, 257, 264; Declaration of Indulgence, 43; dismissals, 237, 249, 373n43; divine authority, 186, 187, 192, 195; fining by, 245; French, 63; impeachment, 235, 246, 254, 257, 258, 295; interpretation, 252; James I on, 30, 34, 85, 247, 326n87; and juries, 144; oaths, 193, 194; politics, 247–249, 264, 265; Popish Plot trials, 268; precedent, 238; prerogative, 247; sermons, 166, 181, 186, 192, 363n221; ship money, 112, 248–249, 256, 257–258; tenure, 248, 249, 284. See also Coke, Sir Edward; courts; Hale, Sir Matthew; juries; trials
juries, 23, 238, 242, 245, 246, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 260, 263, 293; assize sermons and, 186, 192; charges to, 186, 188, 243–245, 269; coffee houses, 48; criticism of, 246, 247; evidentiary standards, 245; exclusion of women, 17, 23, 272; fining of, 245, 248; heritage, 16; judges and, 238, 245, 247, 248, 265; oaths, 194, 245, 250; political education, 10, 221, 243–244, 267, 271, 273; property qualification, 246; as right and liberty of Englishmen, 231, 246, 273; service, 221, 230, 239, 249, 246, 273; superiority of English law and, 238, 246; Whig, 114, 115
jury, grand, 23, 168, 194, 195, 231, 242–243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 255, 264, 265, 266, 272–273, 293; assize sermons, 186, 192; charges, 188, 242–243, 244–246, 247, 269; Stephen Colledge, 154; Sir Edward Coke, charge to, 243, 269; controversy, 245; judges and, 245, 247; William Lambarde, charges to, 243; oaths, 245, 250, 269; Parliament, 272; petitioning, 210, 212, 213; political education, 195; political theory, 243–244; Shaftesbury, Earl of, 220, 245, 261; Whig, 245
justices of the peace, 60, 239, 242–243, 262, 264, 271, 272, 286, 293, 363n221, 372n22; assize sermons, 193; charges by, 243, 243; handbooks, 242; oaths, 250, 262; petitioning, 210, 212, 213, 232; petty sessions, 242; quarter sessions, 242; sheriffs and, 245; supervision, 247
Justinian, 216
Kelying, C. J., 245
Killigrew, Sir William, 113
Kingdom’s Weekly Intelligencer, 37, 41
Kishlansky, Mark, 240–241, 349n134
Knolles, Richard, 65
Lake, Peter, 281–282, 284, 285, 379n4
Landau, Norma, 245
Latitudinarians, 94, 171, 184, 253n38
Laud, William, 156, 163, 169, 176, 177, 217, 219, 221, 225; ballads, 152, 345n86; and censorship, 35; images, 111, 233; sermons by, 175, 176; speech, 257; trial of, 257, 258, 259, 283, 295; unpopularity, 30, 156, 177, 284
law, 18, 21, 45, 51, 97, 135, 145, 232, 239; common law, 16, 23, 171, 194, 211, 230, 231, 207, 237–240, 264, 273, 276, 286, 292, 295, 371n11; common law, history, 79, 81, 84–88, 91, 102; criticism, 112, 192, 230, 251–252; in drama, 116, 119, 123, 155–156, 335n51; due process, 88; feudal, 12, 84–85; fundamental, 167, 211, 259, 261; idealization, 230, 251; interpretation, 233, 246; James I, 235, 239; kings limited by, 155, 164, 187, 190; knowledge of, 239, 264–268, 286; law making, 23, 85, 120, 232–233; law reform, 64, 252–255, 268, 296, 333n125; martial, 211; Norman, 84–86, 238; political culture, 9, 231–264, 273, 288; in political description, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 162; and prerogative, 9, 23, 86, 211, 230, 233, 234–237, 264, 290; Roman, 235, 238; rule of law, 16, 100, 175, 196; Saxon, 84–85, 86, 102, 238; sermons, 167, 169, 174, 180, 190, 192, 194, 195; in Strafford trial, 162, 223, 257, 259; Tories, 81, 114, 158; Whigs, 86. See also ancient constitution; courts; judges; juries; lawyers; Magna Carta; prerogative; trials
lawyers, 17, 84, 113, 165, 186, 192, 233, 238, 246, 375n62; criticism, 193, 196, 249, 252, 253; historical studies, 79, 85, 273, 288; in literature, 249; in Parliament, 238, 249, 288; and prerogative, 235. See also Coke, Sir Edward; law
Lee, Nathaniel, 113, 124, 128, 130, 131
Leicester, Sir Peter, 244
Le Sueur, Hubert, 225
L’Estrange, Roger, 41, 42, 45, 47; coffee houses, 45, 49, 51, 261; fables, 161–162; libels, 146; news, 307n81; pope burning processions, 208; ridiculed, 158, 218, 224; Tory polemist, 160, 170. See also Observator
Levellers, 38, 157, 241, 260; attacks on, 39, 144; law reform, 213, 252–253; Norman conquest, 86; petitions, 213, 215, 368n63
libel, 4, 27, 28, 36, 41–42, 47, 48, 120, 219, 245, 295, 302n8, 342n46; Bacon on, 38; on Duke of Buckingham, 30, 144, 152; on Robert Cecil, 30; on Sir Edward Coke, 30; epigrams, 159; on Archbishop Laud, 30; libelous poems and verses, 4, 31, 138, 144, 151, 152, 174, 257, 277; manuscript libels, 33, 145, 266, 285; newsbooks, 38, 48; seditious libel, 4, 45, 48, 78, 237, 277, 280, 285, 286, 288, 290; Selden on, 152; Seven Bishops case, 170, 263; Star Chamber, 27, 152, 237, 29; suppression by Privy Council, 291
licensing, 270; coffee houses, 51, 52; news, 20, 26, 28, 33, 38–39, 46, 47; by Parliament, 35, 38–39
Licensing Act, 37, 47, 272, 277; expiration, 26, 27, 44, 47, 64, 86, 154, 189, 261, 278, 281
Lilburne, John, 38, 86, 268, 227; trials of, 259–260, 377n86
Lloyd, William, 94
Locke, John, 2, 6–7; on education, 59; history, 79; on Livy, 96; observation of foreign countries, 59; poetry, 140; and Lord Shaftesbury, 261; Two Treatises on Government, 18, 44, 189
London and environs, 35, 129, 200, 225, 229; ballads, 151, 154, 292; bell ringing and bonfires, 179, 201, 208, 216, 217, 218, 219, 229, 265; coffee houses, 48, 146; charter, 46, 154, 209; City authorities and drama, 106, 135; City elections, 154, 206, 209; City government, 205–206, 209; as communications center, 10, 53; drama and theater, 106, 108, 111, 113, 116, 121, 129, 136; Great Fire, 42, 144, 218, 225; ignoramus juries, 134, 146, 154, 209, 261; legal center, 10, 16, 293; literacy, 36, 115, 116; lord mayor, 154, 172, 199; newsbooks and newspapers, 37, 41, 44, 45, 157, 292; petitions, 213, 229, 292; political culture, 292, 294; population, 16, 42; printing and publishing center, 16, 33, 34, 35, 38, 44, 113, 151, 223, 273, 293; Restoration, 40, 153, 203; royal entries, 99, 200–202, 229, 230, 251, 258, 296; sheriffs, 154, 245, 261. See also coffee houses; elections; Exchange; lord mayor’s shows; Paul’s Walk; pope burning processions
London Gazette, 40, 45, 46, 47, 210, 214; proclamations in, 41, 45, 47, 214
lord mayor’s shows, 17, 22, 49, 172, 182, 187, 195, 199–210, 229, 270, 289, 292; anti-rebellion themes, 207; Augustan themes, 206–207; harmony between Crown and merchants, 205, 206, 207; monarchs and, 206
Louis XIV, 75
Luttrell, Narcissus, 146
Machiavellianism, 7, 34, 100, 119, 121, 161, 182
MacLean, Gerard, 141, 147, 148, 341n17
Magna Carta, 87–88, 91, 120, 142, 224, 237, 242, 243, 273, 288, 292, 324n66
manuscripts: circulation, 2, 7, 14, 26, 32, 34, 143, 157, 267, 272, 277, 292, 297; newsletters, 3, 5, 26, 40–41, 50, 277, 278, 285, 292; Parliament, 31, 42; poems, 138, 145, 266, 285; verse libels, 27, 30, 33, 144, 146, 262
Marlowe, Christopher, 97, 120, 124
Marsh, Henry, 65
Martin Marprelate, 28
Marvell, Andrew, 43, 92, 342n37; on pamphlets, 42; poetry, 143, 150; polemicist, 43, 137, 145, 269
Mary, Queen of England, 80, 90, 92, 123, 290
Mary, Queen of Scots, 90, 101, 148, 233, 254; in drama, 123; execution of, 211, 219; and James I, 343n64
masques, 2, 108–111, 131, 147, 199, 252, 271, 273, 289, 332n19, 332n20, 332n21, 333n25, 333n26, 333n27, 333n32
Massinger, Philip, 126, 338n93
Master of the Revels, 106, 107, 116, 274, 277
maxims, political, 59, 63, 64, 65, 73–74; of law, 161, 235
May, Thomas, 90, 97, 142, 156, 326n92
Mercurius Aulicus, 37, 156, 157
Mercurius Britannicus, 37
Mercurius, Civicus, 37
Mercurius Gallobelgicus, 26
Mercurius, Impartialis, 168
Mercurius Politicus, 85, 100, 143, 144, 202, 259, 307n69, 440
Mercurius Publicus, 41
Mercurius Pragmaticus, 38
Middleton, Thomas, 6, 118; A Game of Chess, 107; lord mayor’s shows, 206
Miege, Guy, 64
Millstone, Noah, 34
Milton, John, 2, 6, 268; death of Charles I, 181, 358n125; “good old cause,” 183; poetry, 138, 239n14; Readie and Easie way to establish a Free Commonwealth, 39–40; republicanism, 39–40, 99–100, 183; Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, 329
Molesworth, Robert, 63–64, 314n19
Mompesson, Giles, 144, 152, 171, 223, 255
monarchy, 5, 37, 211, 287; abolition, 99, 295; absolute, 6, 30, 63, 64, 65, 66, 75, 86, 90, 95, 145, 167, 187, 235, 244, 255; accessibility, 20, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204; Augustus and monarchy, 90, 98, 143; best form of government, 171, 175, 181, 187; building, 225–225; celebrations, 196, 215, 216; central political institution, 15, 23, 133, 290; in “character,” 153–156, 160; coins, 226; contractual, 88, 90, 99, 181; coronation, 22, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 207, 229; Cromwell and, 98; deposition, 78, 88, 122; divine right, 30, 88, 125, 171, 176, 239, 243–245, 250; divine right in sermons, 128, 133, 167, 171, 174, 175, 184, 187–188, 196, 205, 267, 268; in drama, 117, 119, 120, 121–122, 125–135; dynastic, 15, 33; elective, 205, 316n41; fear of Roman Catholic monarch, 204, 265; feudal, 119; Sir Robert Filmer on, 18, 44, 189; Sir John Fortescue on, 235; funerals, 201, 203; Fulke Greville on, 142; harmony of monarchy and merchants, 205, 206; head, in body politic analogy, 18, 159; hereditary, 15, 65, 160, 171, 201, 205, 233, 234, 245, 316n41; history of value to, 74, 79; James I on, 29–30; law and monarchy, 232–236; lawmaking, 233; limited, 6, 73, 88, 93, 96, 181, 187, 235; lord mayor’s shows, 199, 206, 229; loyalty oaths, 186, 250–251; medals, 226–227; mixed, 85, 92, 95, 244; model monarchs, 90–91, 121; mystique broken, 204; Norman Conquest and, 83–85; as office holder, 258; paintings and prints, 221–224, 299; Parliament and, 83, 234–237, 287; in pastoral poetry, 147–148; patriarchal, 18, 189; in political description, 51, 58, 62, 76; prerogative and law, 233–237, 243; protector of people’s rights, 181; rebellion against, 142, 189–190, 197; royal entries, 99, 200–203, 204–205, 229, 230, 251, 258; Saxon, 83; sculpture, 224–225; Sir Thomas Smith on, 50, 65; sovereignty, 181; succession problems, 233–234; in traditional classification of government, 18, 73, 95; treason, 254; trial of, 255–258; and tyranny, 37, 86, 89, 90, 91, 127, 133, 135, 138, 139, 142, 156, 161, 162, 183, 203, 235, 237, 243, 258. See also ancient constitution; masques; prerogative; succession; individual monarchs
Monmouth’s Rebellion, 47, 220, 262
Montagu, Richard, 174
Moore, Sir John, 209
More, Thomas, 76, 89, 122; Utopia, 4, 74, 76
Moryson, Fynes, 65
Nalson, John, 93
natural history, 20, 54, 55, 67–70, 73
natural resources, 55, 57, 65, 68
Nedham, Marchamont, 38, 39, 43, 71, 96, 99, 100, 268, 307n75; and Cromwell, 39, 142; Mercurius Politicus, 39, 42, 49; Mercurius Pragmaticus, 38; and republicanism, 99; supervision by Secretary of State Thurloe, 74, 307
Nero, 96, 97, 98, 128, 130, 189
Netherlands, 85, 147, 227, 291, 315n32, 321n21; description, 62–63, 72, 315n32; in drama, 124, 125
Neville, Henry, 50, 79, 100, 153
Newcastle, Duke of, 40, 90, 91, 207
news, 3, 25–53; appetite for, 25, 29, 33; ballads, 4, 26; Bohemia, 3; Charles I, 31, 34; civil war and Interregnum, 35–40; Clarendon on, 33; control by government, 40–41, 42, 44, 53; corantos, 4, 5, 27, 31–32, 33, 35, 157; distribution, 26, 27, 36; domestic, 29, 31, 36; Dutch wars, 42, 50; foreign, 31, 32, 33, 38; France, 29, 31, 32, 50; government supplied, 20, 28; Ireland, 31; licensing, 26, 27, 28, 33, 38–39, 44, 46, 47; London, center for, 25, 32, 36, 42, 44, 53; norms, 3, 25, 28, 53, 268; misinformation, 31, 50; Parliament news, 25, 26, 29, 36, 38, 40, 42–43, 48, 49; Restoration, 40–48; Royalist, 37; serial, 36, 53, 306n48; truthfulness of, 27–28; Turkish, 28, 31, 32, 46, 50. See also censorship and control; coffee houses; licensing; newsbooks; newsletters; proclamations
newsbooks, 3, 20, 36, 37, 41, 49
newsletters, manuscript, 3, 5, 25, 32, 41, 49, 294, 306n47, 309n103
Newton, Isaac, 59
Nicholas, Sir, Edward, 40
North, Francis, 41–42
North, Roger, 241, 261, 377n89
Noy, William, 223
Oath of Allegiance, 30, 143, 174, 250
oaths, 8, 23, 169, 182, 186, 190, 209, 245–246, 250–251, 263, 291, 294; of allegiance and loyalty, 30, 143, 158, 173, 245, 265; coronation, 290; Engagement, 39, 251; ex officio, 178; in legal proceedings, 193, 194, 245, 265; of Supremacy, 8
Observator, 45, 46, 47, 124, 146, 261, 309n112. See also L’Estrange, Roger
Ortelius, Abraham, 55
Osborne, Thomas, Earl of Danby, 41, 140, 145, 169, 213, 295
Otway, Thomas, 114
Overbury, Thomas, 30, 31, 280, 303; “characters,” 347n109; political description, 62–64, 315n28
Owen, Susan, 275
Oxford, 37, 47, 48, 11, 140; royal entry, 204–205
Oxford University, 96
paintings, 14, 126, 198, 221, 222, 224
parallels, 21, 43, 106, 132, 192, 277–278, 324n73; Buckingham and Sejanus, 98; in drama, 106, 113, 116, 117, 119, 124–126, 127, 128, 129, 130; historical, 78, 79, 88–89, 98, 116, 117, 120, 124, 129, 131, 135, 324n69, 324n73, 319n69; scriptural, 101, 118, 159, 172, 181–182, 198, 259, 268, 278
Parker, Matthew, 152–153
Parliament, 6, 9, 18, 21, 35, 43, 52, 62, 72, 93, 102, 114, 137, 195, 204, 208, 210, 223, 226, 238, 287, 292; abeyance, 1629–1640, 34, 185; ballads on, 152–153; Cavalier Parliament, 145, 240–241; common law and, 239; control and censorship by press, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 281; Convention Parliament, 40; Cromwell, 187; Crown and, 15, 37, 187, 196, 208, 238, 241, 253, 265, 290; elections, 42, 154, 169, 213, 232, 240–241, 248, 292; Exclusion Parliament, 4; in fables, 160; fear of Parliament’s demise, 9, 16, 34, 240, 256, 283, 289; in ghost dialogues, 162–164; grievances, 15, 32, 241, 282; history of, 21, 79, 81, 83–92, 267, 291–292; House of Commons, 33–34, 43, 240; House of Lords, 36, 240; impeachment, 255–259, 260; James I and, 1, 30, 201, 227; lawmaking, 24; lawyers, 238, 240, 219, 288; Long Parliament, 111, 212, 217, 248; meetings and public awareness, 10, 31, 32, 273, 286; news, 28, 29, 33–36, 38–39, 42–43, 48–49, 293, 294; oaths, 249; origins, 323n62; Oxford Parliament, 48, 52, 170, 245; petitions, 210–215; poetry, 142, 144, 145; political culture, 9, 15–16, 272, 285–286, 287, 293; Prides Purge, 38, 240, 284, 288; religion, 16, 19, 38, 290; royal prerogative, 234–237; Rump, 39, 144, 240; satirized, 111–112; Saxon, 87; sermons, 22, 167, 168–169, 170, 176–179, 183–184; speeches, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36, 95, 107, 109, 232, 252, 257; succession, 158, 233–234; Whigs, 244, 251. See also courts; Exclusion; law; news; Petition of Right; ship money; individual monarchs
Parliamentary Intelligencer, 40, 41
patronage, 6, 15, 98, 249, 271, 189, 294; of drama, 15, 21, 107, 132, 135
Paul’s Walk, 10, 30, 32, 33, 285, 292
Pelling, Edward, 184
Pepys, Samuel, 203, 220; ballad collection, 344n78; theater, 113, 114, 125
Peter, Hugh, 178
Petition of Right, 33–34, 85, 88, 178, 211, 220
petitions and petitioning, 13, 22, 45, 152–153, 161, 165, 198, 220, 229, 265, 268, 270, 271, 281, 292; channel of political communication, 210–215; grievances, 5, 10, 265; heritage, 265; importance of 1640–1660, 35, 211, 229; to king, 31; lawyers, 288; Leveller, 213; London, 292; to Parliament, 37; political mobilization, organization, 210–211, 213, 265; printing, 281; public sphere, 280, 282; Seven Bishops, 263; signature collection, 45, 51, 210, 214; Tory, 269; Tory “loyal addresses,” 45, 214; tradition, 5; Whigs and, 115, 154, 214, 228, 265; women, 271, 368n63
Petty, William: greatness, 318n68; political description, 60, 68–69, 70, 71, 72, 317n56, 318n68; method, 68–69, 71, 75
Petyt, William, 87
Phillips, Katherine, 141
Pierreville, Gideon, 64
Pincus, Steven, 281–282, 284, 285, 379n4
plays, see drama
Pocock, J. G. A., 7, 12, 84, 379n4
poetry, 140, 141, 144, 145, 267, 268; affairs of state, 145; ballads and, 4, 150–151; on Charles I, 138–139, 140, 141, 143; Charles II, 140, 142; civil war themes, court, 138; contemporary affairs, 143–144; country house, 149–150; Cowley on, 139; Dryden on, 139; elegy, 4, 140–141; on Elizabeth, 140, 141; on European wars, 147; epic or heroic, 4, 139, 267; genres, 4, 139; on Gunpowder Plot, 143; historical, 141–142; Hobbes on, 139, 149; hostility toward, 139; manuscript, 145, 147; on Monmouth, 145, 146; moral instruction, 139; panegyric, 139–140; pastoral, 4, 147–149, 165; as political discourse, 137–165; political education, 137–165; reading of, 138; romance, 147–149, 165; Rump, 133; Shaftesbury, Earl of, 141, 145, 146–147; on Algernon Sidney, 141; Sprat on, 119; uses of, 138–139; verse libels, 144–145. See also ballads; drama; fables; individual poets
Poland, 31, 33, 108; description, 64–65, 69. See also Shaftesbury, Earl of
political arithmetic, 68–69
political culture: anti-Catholicism, 3; censorship and control, 277–279; channels for expression, 2, 7, 12, 15, 24, 265–268, 272–273, 274; classical tradition, 17, 267; coffee house, 52; conflict and harmony, 175–177, 274, 275–277; drama, 104–136, 268; education, 17, 267; experience and observation, 22, 198–230, 272; history, 75–76, 268; juries, 246; legal culture and, 23, 231–265; poetry and literature in, 137–166, 268; political assumptions, 15–20; political description, 55, 74–76; public sphere, 23, 279–289; religion and scripture, 19, 20, 21, 101–102, 268, 273; sermons, 166–197; scholarly debates, 274–277; scholarly use of term, 10–13; women, 271–272. See also anti-Catholicism; coffee houses; public sphere
political description, empirical, 4, 10, 20, 53–76, 267, 296; absence of generalization, 3–4; Francis Bacon on, 56–57; diplomat contributions, 5, 61–66, 109; European countries, 60–66; grid or topics, 20, 53, 57, 61, 64, 69, 72, 74, 75; norms, 20, 61, 70–71; and political culture, 83–84
political theory, 6, 7, 12, 29, 54, 75, 243, 269, 274, 299n5
Polybius, 95
Popery, see anti-Catholicism
Pope burning processions, 2, 91, 114, 198, 207, 210, 229, 260, 269, 271, 181, 290, 292; printed images of, 224; Whig sponsored, 180, 207
Popish Plot, 43, 44, 91–92, 94, 207, 218, 228, 273, 282, 380; ballads, 224; in drama, 114, 132; ghost dialogue, 164; mock elegy, 141; news, 44, 51; pamphlets, 93, 153, 224; sermons, 170, 179, 180, 224; trials, 50, 119, 158, 148, 261
portraits, royal, 23, 145, 221–222, 223, 224, 226, 294
postal service, 25, 37, 47, 305n48
prerogative, 156, 157, 167, 256, 260; courts, 9, 16, 233, 237, 258, 286, 287; and law, 9, 86, 142, 211, 235–238, 264, 296; and Parliament, 19, 159, 296; Petition of Right, 211; religious toleration, 42; royal, 9, 18, 23, 43, 61, 86, 156, 231, 233, 244, 247, 256, 289, 295, 296
prerogative, royal, Parliament, 19, 23
Presbyterians, 38, 156, 158, 168, 179, 224; “characters” of, 157; hostility toward, 163, 180, 223; Parliament and, 173, 178, 179; satirical poems on, 145; Scotland and, 276; sermons, 185, 178; tension with Independents, 156, 169
Preston, John, 176
Privy Council, 41, 46, 51, 56, 206, 219, 237, 272; censorship and control, 46, 80, 89, 106, 161, 277, 341n31; drama, 106, 151; factions, 27, 28, 45, 287; historical writing, 80, 89, 102; news, 33, 34, 45, 46; libels, 29; sermons, 172
proclamations, 3, 20, 26, 33, 34, 38, 41, 148, 235, 270, 286, 287, 294; coffee houses, 52; first printed, 26; James II, 204; licentious speech, 32, 44; news, 3, 20, 26, 34; petitioning, 211, 213; seditious publications, 44; theater, 106, 107
progresses, royal, 198, 200, 204, 271
protectorate, 143, 193, 234, 290; control of press, 40; disillusion with, 99, 162; drama, 110, 112, 125; medals, 226, 227
Protestantism, and political culture, 19–20, 21, 80, 251, 289–291; Elizabeth as symbol, 91, 123; European, 23, 101, 291
providence, 19, 120, 173; in history, 19, 83, 101, 102, 190, 321n41
Prynne, William, 87, 108, 154; trial of, 35, 220, 223, 257, 295
The Public Intelligencer, 40, 41
public sphere, 2, 14, 23, 279–286, 292; and coffee houses, 14, 48, 285; distinguished from government, 14, 286–288; in England, 280–289; Habermas, 2, 14, 48, 279–286; and licensing, 280–281; and news culture, 280
Puritans, 94, 105, 158, 191, 217, 218, 228, 247, 290; anti-Puritan sermons, 173, 174, 191; “characters” of, 155; fracturing of, 38; hostility toward, 173, 174, 175, 181; petitioning, 211; sermons, 129, 168, 172, 174, 178, 186, 224; theater, 107, 112
Puttenham, George, 105, 138, 144, 187
Quintilian, 17
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 29, 345n82; history, 80, 101; poetry, 10, 80; trials, 31, 152, 255, 283, 375n86
rational debate, 14, 280, 283–284. See also coffee houses; public sphere
Raymond, Joad, 271
reading, 1, 4, 6, 14, 24, 54, 270, 285; history, 17, 56, 75, 77, 78–79, 92, 115; news, 48; poetry, 137; scripture, 101; sermons, 12, 192
Reid, John Phillip, 87
republicanism, 7, 78, 290, 291, 328n130
republicans, 91, 97, 99, 100, 202, 312n153; Dutch, 126
Reynolds, John, 162
rhetoric, 3, 17, 70, 137, 279; genre, 4; and history, 321n36; lawyers, 193, 290; poetry and, 138; sermons, 166
Richard II, 73, 77, 122, 278, 324; deposition, 21, 88, 89, 116, 135; dramatic treatment, 116, 120, 121, 132, 336n65; historical treatment, 88, 89
rituals of royalty, see coronation; funerals; progresses; royal entries
Roman Catholicism: clandestine worship, 19. See also anti-Catholicism; Gunpowder Plot; Popish Plot; Test Act
royal entries: into London, 199, 201–202, 203, 229
Royal Society, 67–70, 74, 317n54
Rump Parliament, 39, 213, 220, 224, 228, 240; anti-Rump publications, 40, 144–145, 153, 228
Rushworth, John, 93
Russell, Lord John, 141, 164–165; ballads, 154; trial and execution, 46, 147, 154, 262, 283; Whig martyr, 47, 165, 262, 275, 295
Russia, 65–66
Rycaut, Paul, 65
Rye House Plot, 46, 154, 225, 228; trials, 261–262. See also Russell, Lord John; Sidney, Algernon
Rymer, Thomas, 330n6
Sackville, Thomas, 117
Sallust, 96
Salus populi, 256, 257–278, 264
Savile, Sir Henry, 96–97
Scotland, 13, 40, 60, 163, 177–178, 202; ancient, 117; empirical description, 59, 60–61; James VI and I, 226, 233–234; rebellion, 35, 92, 275; trial of Charles I, 259; union with England, 30, 109, 206, 276; wars, 39, 153, 258, 276
Scott, Jonathan, 275
Scott, Thomas, 32
Scripture, 102, 139, 197, 288, 329n132; Bishop’s Bible, 222; knowledge of, 268; law and, 232, 252; obedience, 189; parallels and examples, 19, 101, 108, 172, 181–182, 198, 259, 268, 273; patriarchalism, 189; reading, 101; scriptural history, 3, 78, 101–102; subject matter for poetry, 139
Sejanus, 95, 97, 98, 165; in drama, 107, 130–131
Selden, John, 34, 94, 95, 152, 186, 236
sermons, 2, 4, 17, 19, 22, 26, 39, 102, 123, 135, 219, 232, 267, 268, 279, 288, 291, 194; ambassador complaints, 173; anti-Catholic, 166, 167, 168, 169–179, 174, 175, 224, 225; anti-Catholic at Paul’s Cross, 172, 173, 174, 175; anti-Puritan, 172, 173; anti-Spanish, 173; Armada, 200; assize, 185–186, 195–196, 246, 249, 254, 270; assize sermons on civil war, 190–191; audience, 4, 106, 166, 168, 170, 173, 174, 175, 270, 271, 272; audience for assize sermons, 195–196; audience, Paul’s Cross, 172, 177; before the king, 22, 171; before Parliament, 170, 176–179; on Bohemia, 174, 176; censorship and control, 166, 167, 168, 169–172, 174–175, 277; on Charles I, 180–182; church reform, 178; civil war explanations, 182–183, 190–191; Clarendon on, 176; contractual theories condemned, 182, 195; coronation, 79, 202, 203, 205, 354n39; on deliverances, 177; divine origins of government, 174, 182, 186–187, 195; on divine right of kings, 133, 167, 171, 174, 175, 184, 187–188, 196, 205, 267, 268, 269; Elizabeth on, 167; on Elizabeth, 167; Elizabeth’s accession day, 17, 215–216, 269, 285; Engagement, 179; Exclusion, 260; fast day sermons, 170, 177, 179; as genre, 2, 4, 244, 274; genres, 2, 4, 170–177; Gunpowder Day (November 5), 170, 171, 179–180, 218, 272; homilies, 166–167; human origins of government, 188–189; impositions, 174; Independents, 169; influence, 168–169; James I, 168; James II, 170; January 30, 180–182, 218; judges, 192–193, 195, 196; juries, 192, 196; justices of the peace, 193; latitudinarian, 171; Laud, 176, 177; law and kings, 167; Lent, 167; on monarchy, 171, 175, 181, 184, 187; national repentance, 176; note-taking, 166, 172; norms, 166; on oaths, 169, 194–196, 251; on obedience, 166, 167, 170, 171, 184, 189–190, 267, 269; parallels, 172, 180, 181–182; Parliament, 1, 168, 169, 177; patriarchalism, 182, 188–189; Paul’s Cross, 170, 171–179, 254; polarizing, 179, 180, 183, 184; on Popish Plot, 170; political education, 165–197; Presbyterian, 169; printing, 17, 166, 167, 171, 179, 185, 273, 292; Protestantism and nationalism, 179; providential themes, 171, 172, 175, 190, 354n70; reading of, 12; rebellion, 169, 182, 184, 189–190, 191; on religious unity, 190–191; Restoration era, 171; rhetoric of, 4; sales, 108, 166; Scots influence, 177, 178; sedition, 167; seditious, 169; Strafford, 176, 177; succession, 173; taxation, 169, 191; Test Act, 42; Tory, 191; trial of Charles I, 180–181; witnesses, 196
Settle, Elkanah, 44, 47, 127, 158; drama, 113, 114, 127, 144, 338n97; pope burning processions, 208, 209
Shaaber, 302n12
Shadwell, Thomas, 114, 124, 146, 335n51, 343n57
Shakespeare, William, 6, 118; adaptations, 122, 129; English history plays, 118–122; history plays, 80; Roman plays, 129, 130
sheriffs, 3, 185; elections of, 209, 210, 245, 327n21; London, 154, 245, 261
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 43, 51, 141, 147, 162, 164, 204; attacked by Dryden, 146, 147, 227; ballads, 154; drama, 114; ghost dialogues, 164; ignoramus verdict, 208, 220; lord mayor’s shows, 20; satirized, 141, 146–147; treason charge, 165, 227, 251
ship money, 34–35, 110, 112, 153, 162, 223, 236, 247–248, 256–257, 295
Shuger, Debora, 302n8
Sidney, Algernon, 100, 141, 165; trial and execution, 27, 165, 262, 283
Sidney, Sir Phillip, 105, 140, 148, 149, 159; fables, 159; poetry, 109, 137, 138, 139, 147
Skinner, Quentin, 7
Smith, Nigel, 302, 303n14, 336n68
Smith, Sir Thomas, 59–60, 65, 314n21
Smith, Sir William, 248
Society of Antiquaries, 79, 81
Sommerville, C. John, 302n11
Sommerville, Johan, 84
South, Robert, 180
Spain, 8, 31, 62, 71, 72, 82, 90, 173, 223, 283, 291; drama, 124; hostility toward, 174, 255; news, 28, 33; poetry, 144; war, 29, 151, 173, 226
Spanish match, 31, 109, 152, 167, 174, 211, 219, 220, 223, 234
speeches, 3, 91, 43, 183, 193, 202, 278; Charles I, 34; courtiers, 137; dying, 36, 254, 255, 261, 273, 295; Elizabeth, 28, 289; James I, 30, 109, 235, 252; licentious, 32; manuscript circulation, 31, 21, 272, 273; parliamentary, 26, 31, 36, 43, 95, 108, 232, 257, 258; printed, 28, 30, 34–36, 258, 261, 262, 287; seditious, 27
Speed, John, 98
Spencer, Edmund, 139, 147, 160
Sprat, Thomas, 72, 91, 101, 181; on civil war, 92, 183; on poetry, 149, 159; political description, 67
St. John, Oliver, 34
Star Chamber, 26, 27, 28, 88, 152, 155, 169, 173, 177, 188, 225, 237, 252, 253, 257, 277, 295, 302n8
Staves, Susan, 275
Stillingfleet, Edward, 94, 184, 353n37
Stowe, John, 78, 80, 120, 319n3
Strafford, Lord, 92, 160; ballads, 152; ghost dialogues, 112, 162, 164; images, 223; poems, 140; sermons, 176, 177; trial, 164, 177, 212, 257–259, 268, 283, 295, 376n77
Strong, William, 78
Suarez, Francisco, 188
succession, 15, 29, 44, 158, 233, 234; in drama, 107, 116, 117–118, 119, 120, 121–123, 127, 133, 135–136; Elizabeth, 9, 23, 90, 172; law, 23, 44, 207, 231, 233, 234, 264; Duke of Monmouth, 44; pamphlets, 43; Parliament, 233, 235; in poetry, 143, 148; in political description, 57, 65, 69; Protectorate, 234; Roman Catholic, 8, 15, 90, 283; Tories, 234; Whigs, 244; Duke of York, 44, 89, 187, 204, 214, 216, 234, 261 (later James II), 284, 354n39. See also anti-Catholicism; Duke of York; Exclusion
Suckling, Sir John, 162
Swift, Jonathan, 318n74
taxation, 171, 289; custom duties and, 235; nonparliamentary, 34, 174, 211, 256, 257; in political description, 55, 59, 62, 64. See also ship money
Taylor, John, 143
Temple, Sir William, 62, 316n41
Test Act, 42, 236, 248, 251, 290. See also anti-Catholicism; Duke of York
Thucydides, 95
Tiberius, 7, 95, 98, 128, 130–131, 189
Tillotson, John, 179, 194, 352n1, 352n38, 353n37
Tillyard, E. M. W., 5
toleration, religious, 178, 213; Netherlands, 62; for Protestant dissenters, 19, 38, 42, 191, 291; for Roman Catholics, 19, 291; by royal prerogative, 47, 206; Toleration Act, 263. See also Act of Uniformity; Declaration of Indulgence
Tories, 204, 228, 234, 245, 261, 264, 270, 269, 282; ballads, 153–154; “character,” 157–158, 159, 269; civil war, 91; coffee houses, 50, 51, 52; divine right, 123, 125; drama, 111, 113, 114–115, 123, 125, 135, 266, 269; John Dryden, 137, 146–147, 227, 269; elections, 241; Exclusion, 153; ghost dialogue, 164–165; grand jury charges, 244–245, 269; January 30 commemorations, 269; law, 81, 114, 158, 192, 240; Roger L’Estrange, polemicist, 45, 160, 224; lord mayor’s shows, 207, 209; “loyal addresses,” 45, 191, 192, 214; news and newsbooks, 28, 44, 45, 52, 158, 214, 215, 224, 269; Norman Conquest, 86; oaths, 245; Observator, 124, 261; pamphlets, 219; Parliament, 87, 191, 241, 248; petitioning, 44, 229, 324; play prologues, 21, 114, 269; poetry, 266; satire, 146, 227; sermons, 191, 192, 269; slogan, “41 is come again,” 92, 282; stereotypes, 157; succession, 234; visual display, 208, 228. See also ancient constitution; divine right of kings; Dryden, John; L’Estrange, Roger
Townsend, Charles, 65
trials, 3, 4, 230, 232, 253, 254, 262; audiences, 258, 259, 260, 262; ballads, 254; Francis Bacon, 256; Henry Care, 262, 377n86; as channel of political communication, 23, 253–264, 265, 274; Charles I, 253, 259–260; Stephen College, 261; dying speeches, 254, 258, 262; Earl of Danby, 260; Earl of Essex, 254, 255; Gunpowder plotters, 254–255; Benjamin Harris, 261; Archbishop Laud, 26, 258–259; John Lilburne, 259–260; Mary, Queen of Scots, 254; political culture, 253–265; Popish Plot, 260, 261; printing, 230, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263; Sir Walter Raleigh, 31, 152, 255, 283, 377n86; reporting of, 154, 256; Lord John Russell, 262; Rye House, 261–262; Seven Bishops, 262; Shaftesbury, Earl of, 261; Algernon Sidney, 262; Strafford, 257, 258, 268. See also impeachment; judges; jury; ship money
Turkey, 28, 31, 46, 50, 65, 66, 310n124
tyranny, 39, 129, 132, 142, 209, 314; in drama, 133; England as, 99, 236; French, 315n35; Norman Yoke, 86; papal, 119, 216; seditious libel, 4; well publicized, 23
tyrants, 39, 83, 89, 105, 161, 183, 203, 235; biblical, 102; Julius Caesar as, 97, 129, 142; Charles I, 37, 89, 91, 156; “characters,” 155, 156, 157; Oliver Cromwell as, 89, 91, 157; in drama, 108, 119, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 139, 335n51, 338n97; James I as, 326n87; overthrow of, 83; resistance, 190, 376n97; Richard II as, 89; Roman, 97, 130; Strafford as, 260; William I as, 243
Ussher, James, 94
Verba, Sidney, 11
Vicars, John, 142
Voss, Paul, 303n14
Wallington, Nehemiah, 212
Ward, Sir Patience, 209
Waterhouse, Edward, 58
Welwood, James, 205
Wentworth, Thomas, see Strafford, Lord
Weston, Corrine, C., 84
Whigs: anti-Catholicism, 43, 56, 93, 158, 251, 260, 261, 266, 306; Association, 154, 191, 181; ballads, 153–154; “character,” 157–158; City government, 210, 245, 262; civil war, 93, 139; coffee houses, 51, 115, 228; Stephen Colledge, 261; defeat, 46, 218, 262; discourse and debate, 265, 266, 270, 282; drama, 22, 114, 115, 121, 124, 131, 136, 266, 269; elections, 241; Elizabeth Day celebrations, 91, 208, 269; Exclusion, 187, 209, 210, 261, 266; ghost dialogues, 165, 166, 209, 266; grand juries, 245, 261; Green Ribbon Club, 228; historians, 11, 13, 275; on history, 87, 91; James II, 208; judges, 114, 115, 248, 260–261; law, 86, 240; lawyers, 164; lord mayor’s shows, 208, 297; martyrs, 49, 262, 295; medals, 227; Duke of Monmouth, 204; Monmouth’s Rebellion, 262; news and newsbooks, 28, 44, 45, 46, 269, 278; “no popery” slogan, 228; Norman Conquest, 86; oaths, 245, 251; pamphlets, 33, 269; Parliament, 240, 244, 251; petitions and petitioning, 115, 154, 198, 214, 215, 228, 229, 264, 265; poetry, 146, 266, 269; pope burning processions, 180, 198, 207, 209, 215, 218, 224, 269; “popery and arbitrary government” slogan, 158, 269; Rye House Plot, 46, 261–262; seditious libel, 45, 278; succession, 4, 201, 234, 261. See also petitions; pope burning processions; Russell, Lord John; Shaftesbury, Earl of
Whitgift, John, 30, 172, 173, 211, 216
Willey, Basil, 5
William I, the Conqueror, 84–85
Williamson, Sir Joseph, 41, 50, 69–70, 317n61
women, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 36, 45, 271; audience, 272
Worden, Blair, 99, 148, 331n101
Wotton, Henry, 78
Wren, Christopher, 225
Wren, Matthew, Bishop, 223
Zaret, David, and public sphere, 281, 282
Zwicker, Steven, 275