Notes

Chapter 1

confounded their languageGenesis, 11:7

the greatest wonder in England The Literary Gazette and Journal of the Belles Lettres, arts, sciences &c, James Moyes, 1829

answering questions, telling the hour of the day Charles Dickens, as quoted in Jay’s Journal of Anomolies, Conjurers, Cheats, Hustlers, Hoaxsters, Pranksters, Jokesters, Imposters, Pretenders, Side-Show Showmen, Armless Calligraphers, Mechanical Marvels, Popular Entertainments, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001

The greatest curiosity of the present day Billboard for Toby the Sapient Pig, 1817

… spell and read, play at cards Billboard for Toby the Sapient Pig, 1817

A program of research Dwight ‘Wayne’ Batteau, Man/Dolphin Communication Final Report 1966–1967

The dolphins were able to Louis Herman, Cognition, Herman, Richards, & Wolz, 1984

Their capacity for communication Robert Frederking as quoted in ‘Whatever happened to … talking dolphins’, Susan Kruglinski, Discover magazine, 2006

… about as likely that an ape Noam Chomsky, interviewed by Matt Aames Cucchiaro in ‘On the Myth of Ape Language’, email correspondence 2007–8

How do you reconcile a tiny chimp Jenny Lee, as quoted in Nim Chimpsky: The Chimp Who Would Be Human, Elizabeth Hess, Random House, 2008

Put the pine needles in the refrigerator Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, Kanzi and novel sentences video, greatapetrust.org

I used to think my aim Dr Cathy Price, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Language Acquisition Device (LAD), Noam Chomsky, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, MIT Press, 1965

Human communication Michael Tomasello, Origins of Human Communication, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2008

I’m at the front of the lecture hall ibid.

This is hopefully the first Dr Wolfgang Enard, BBC News, 2002

Language at a bare minimum Steven Pinker, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

… there also has to be some kind of talent ibid.

“All gone sticky” … Now that doesn’t correspond’ Steven Pinker, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

“More outside” .… That’s quite a cognitive feat ibid.

“He sticked it on the paper”, ‘He teared the paper”, “We holded the baby rabbits” ibid.

It’s an extremely powerful ibid.

Jean: Okay, Okay, now this is another creature, this one’s called a tass. That’s a tass Jean Berko Gleason, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Young kids’ brains are not formed ibid.

foster mothers and nurses Salimbene di Adam, Chronicle of Salimbene De Adam edited by J.L Baird, G Baglivi and J.R. Kane (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies), Binghamton, NY, April 1986

Some say they spoke good Hebrew Robert Lyndsay of Pitscottie as quoted in Old and New Edinburgh, James Grant, Cassell & Co, 1880

It is more likely they would scream Sir Walter Scott, as quoted in ‘The Bird Man of Stirling’, BBC History

First he embraced her with his armes Vicar of St Martin’s Church, Tudor Era, Headline History website

[The] two, when they chanced to meet Richard Carew, Survey of Cornwall 1602, Mark Press, 2000

there comes in that Dumb boy Samuel Pepys, The Diaries of Samuel Pepys, Penguin Classics, 2003

The deaf tend Janiece Brotton, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Syntax, the constraints on language Judy Shepherd-Kegl, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Can’t express your feelings Adrian Perez, CBS News, 2009

The single gesture doesn’t have rhythm Judy Shepherd-Kegyl, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

If you’re beyond the critical period ibid.

You know, we can look back ibid.

If you have children you’ve had the experience ibid.

To have a second language is to have a second soul Charlemagne, Holy Roman Emperor

I speak French to my ambassadors Frederick the Great of Prussia

(language) is not merely a reproducing instrument Benjamin Whorf, Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf, MIT Press, 1964

When my wishes conflict with my family’s As quoted by Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe, Managing Diversity: A Complete Desk Reference and Planning Guide, Jossey Bass, 1993

In English, we tend to divide our space Lera Boroditsky, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011.

Chicken and egg isn’t the right way ibid.

Nearly all of my labours’ Jacob Grimm, Selbstbiographie, from Kleinere Schriften Vol 1 F. Dümmler, Berlin, 1864

To réecs éhest (“Once there was a king”) J. P. Mallory and D. G. Adams, Encyclopaedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearbon Publishers, 1997

Oh no. No, no, no, no! Zaha Bustema, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Chapter 2

Learn well the language of the whites Anonymous, Hawaii, 1896

In the old days, Aju, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

At my home I speak Akha Aju, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Irish golfer’, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

We next reached Skibbereen … James Mahony, The Illustrated London News, 1847

I have been assured Jonathan Swift, Modest Proposal (for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public), Prometheus Books UK, September 1995

If we allow one of the finest Douglas Hyde, An leabhar sgeulaigheachta, Dublin Gill, 1889

I would earnestly appeal Douglas Hyde, The Necessity for De-anglicising Ireland, Academic Press, Leiden, 1994

The Gaelic League restored the language to its place Michael Collins, The Path To Freedom, Talbot Press Ltd, Dublin 1922

to build up a Celtic and Irish school of dramatic literature Lady Augusta Persse Gregory, Our Irish Theatre: A Chapter of Autobiography, GP Putnam’s Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, New York and London, 1913

as calm and collected as Queen Victoria As quoted by Carmel Joyce, Inspirational Figures from Irish History (Lady Isabella Augusta Gregory, Samuel Beckett, playwrights), World of Hibernia, 2000

You have to remember that Irish as a language was spoken up till the 1840s and 50s by many, perhaps the majority of Irish people Declan Kiberd, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I know that if you were to speak Hugh Farley, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I think that we have as a nation ibid.

nam alii oc, alii si, alii vero dicunt oil” ’ (‘Some say oc, others say si, others say oïl” ’) Dante, De Vulgari Eloquentia (Cambridge Medieval Classics), translated by Steve Botterill, Cambridge University Press, 1996

The monarchy had reasons to resemble the Tower of Babel’ Bertrand Barère, National Convention, 1794

My grandparents speak Breton too Nicolas de la Casiniere, Ecoles Diwan, La Bosse du Breton, 1998

Instead of setting their ambitions Frédéric Mistral, Speech to the Félibres of Catalonia as quoted by Jennifer Michael in Journal of American Folklore 111, American Folklore Society, 1998

in recognition of the fresh originality Frédéric Mistral, The Nobel Foundation, 1904

I was profoundly shocked President Chirac, EU Summit, March 2006, as reported in Nicholas Watt and David Gow, ‘Chirac vows to fight growing use of English’, Guardian, 25 March 2006

… because that is the accepted business language of Europe today Ernest-Antoine Seilliere, as quoted in ‘Chirac upset by English address’, BBC News, 24 March 2006

But you know, what they, the regional languages, have lost is not too much Marc Fumaroli, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Jesus said, “Love is everything” Dr Ghil’ad Zuckermann, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Israeli is a very complex language ibid.

The Hebrew language can live only if we revive the nation Eliezer Ben Yehuda as quoted in Jew! Speak Hebrew, Aliyon, 2005, on the Jewish Agency for Israel website www.jafi.org.il

In a heavy atmosphere David Yudeleviz, as quoted by Ilan Stavans ‘Crusoe in Israel’, Pakn Treger: The magazine of the Yiddish Book Center, No. 58, December 2009, yiddishbookcenter.org

Yiddish speaks itself beneath Israeli Dr Ghil’ad Zuckermann, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Yiddish has not yet said its last word Isaac Bashevis Singer, Nobel Lectures 1978, Literature 1968–80, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore, 1993

There is one people – Jews … and its language is – Yiddish I. L. Peretz, quoted in Dr Birnboym’s Vokhnblat #2, Czernowitz, 1908 (translated by Marvin Zuckerman and Marion Herbst from Nakhmen Meisel, Briv unredes fun, YKUF, New York, 1944)

It’s a great language for saying the man’s a dick Stewie Stone, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The nebach is the guy getting the water when you’re going on a football team Ari Teman, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

For an older Jewish audience Stewie Stone, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I sent a rabbi a joke Ari Teman, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

When one Jew meets another Jew Stewie Stone, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Yiddish is basically our soul’ ibid.

I grew up, and I was bah mitzvahed’ ibid.

Hebrew comes from the vocal chords ibid.

a serous and watery purgative motion John Wilkins, An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language, The Royal Society, 1668, Thoemmes Continuum, Facsimile Ed edition, January 2002

I was taught that all men were brothers Ludovic Lazarus Zamenhof in a letter to N. Borovko, 1895, quoted by David Poulson in Origin of Esperanto July 1998

We believe it is a language Littlewoods, BBC News, July 2008

If you lose a contract to a Moroccan rival Jean Paul Nerriere, Parlez Globish, Eyrolles, 2006

It’s a proletarian and popular idiom ibid.

The only jokes which cross frontiers Jean Paul Nerriere, as quoted by Adam Sage, ‘Globish cuts English down to size’, The Times, December 2006

I am helping the rescue of French Jean Paul Nerriere, Parlez Globish, Eyrolles, April 2006

To make up a non-human language Mark Okrand, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

because there’s lots of zees and zots in science fiction ibid.

We arrived on the set one day ibid.

You have not experienced Shakespeare ibid.

My son was born in 1994 ibid.

Well, he was learning it Dr d’Ormond Speers, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I would say something to him in Klingon ibid.

The reason this language is so successful Arika Okrent, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Well, it’s given me a deeper appreciation ibid.

A language is a dialect with an army and a navy Max Weinreich, Der yivo un di problemen fun undzer tsayt, New York, 1945

long es and very slow’; ‘they don’t say their ts Ian McMillan, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

harsh … it’s to do with the harsh winds ibid.

That’s where an isogloss happens ibid.

My Aunty Mabel, who was from Chesterfield ibid.

Whenever I speak in my voice ibid.

So, somehow, the language carries on ibid.

When the word dies Ian McMillan, ‘Utopia! If you frame thissen properly, that is’, Yorkshire Post, 23 August 2010

And when I was first on the radio Ian McMillan, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It is the business of educated people’ Arthur Burrell, as quoted in the Journal of International Phonetic Association, 1987, p. 21

One hears the most appalling travesties John Reith, Broadcast Over Britain, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1924

be able to recognize instantly BBC 1940

And to all in the North, good neet Wilfred Pickles, BBC Radio, c.1940

It is impossible for an Englishman George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion (Preface to Pygmalion) Penguin Classics, revised edition, January 2003

Having one’s cards engraved … Professor Alan Ross in Nancy Mitford (ed.), Noblesse Oblige: An Enquiry into the Identifiable Characteristics of the English Aristocracy, 1956

Phone for the fish knives, Norman John Betjeman in Nancy Mitford (ed.), Noblesse Oblige: An Enquiry into the Identifiable Characteristics of the English Aristocracy, Hamish Hamilton, 1956

Can a non-U-speaker become a U-speaker? Professor Alan Ross in Nancy Mitford (ed.), Noblesse Oblige: An Enquiry into the Identifiable Characteristics of the English Aristocracy, Hamish Hamilton, 1956

Why should they hide it? Lawrence Fenley, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

In the twenty-first century ibid.

It is only when, usually, you have an issue ibid.

May it be forbidden that we should ever speak like BBC announcers Wilfred Pickles, Between You and Me, Werner Laurie. Reprinted by permission of The Random House Group Ltd

Barnsley’s what I think with Ian McMillan, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Chapter 3

Those are the heavy seven George Carlin, ‘Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television’, Class Clown, Atlantic, 1972

But words are words. I never did hear / That the bruised heart was pierced through the ear William Shakespeare, Othello, (1:2, 218–19) Penguin Classics, New Ed edition, 2005

Not one of them would sit down, Captain James Cook, James Cook: The Journals, Penguin Classics, 2003

I would hear things Timothy Jay, BBC, Fry’s Planet Word, 2011

It’s like using the horn on your car ibid.

As soon as kids can speak, they’re using swear words Professor Timothy Jay, Cursing in America, John Benjamins, Philadelphia, 1992

Cathartic swearing comes from a primal rage circuit Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought, Allen Lane, 2007

I had noises’ Jess Thom, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It’s going all the time biscuit ibid.

I was speaking to my dad on the phone ibid.

Absolutely. I think lots of people misunderstand Tourette’s ibid.

The response is not only emotional but involuntary Steven Pinker, Why We Curse: What the F***? New Republic magazine, August 2007

One of mankind’s greatest-ever living language centres Peter Silverton, Filthy English: The How, Why, When and What of Everyday Swearing, Portobello Books, 2009

In my mind I’d say that Les Duhigg, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I was always apologizing for him Marion Duhigg, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

We had a chap in the stroke group ibid.

It’s like being born again Les Duhigg, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Richard: So, Stephen, when you put your hand in the water …

Stephen: That is cold actually … Dr Richard Stephens, Brian Blessed and Stephen Fry, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Please could you take this note, ram it up his hairy inbox and pin it to his fucking prostrate Armando Ianucci, The Thick of It: The Rise of the Nutters, BBC 2007

There was that world which lived off a twenty-four-hour news cycle Armando Ianucci, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The last thing I want is every programme ibid.

Euphemism is such a pervasive human phenomenon Joseph Williams, quoted in Ralph Keyes, Euphemania: Our Love Affair With Euphemisms, Little Brown, 2010

This Earl of Oxford making his low obeisance John Aubrey, Brief Lives, Penguin, new edition, 1972

Not a man swears but pays his twelve pence Oliver Cromwell, quoted in An Anatomy of Swearing, Ashley Montague, University of Pensylvannia Press, March 2001

I’d like breast Winston Churchill, Virginia, 1929, quoted by Celia Sandys, Chasing Churchill: Travels With Winston Churchill, Harper Collins, new edition, 2004

We had an auxiliary who was Portuguese Julia Saunders, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Ah, isn’t that nice Harry Carpenter at the 1977 Oxford–Cambridge boat race

It hangs like flax on a distaff William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, 1:3,16, Penguin Classics, new edition, 2005

They don’t pay their sixpences Marie Lloyd, quoted in The New York Telegraph, 14 November 1897

… significant moment in English history’ T. S. Eliot, Selected Essays, Faber and Faber, London, 1941

When roses are red Max Miller quoted in John M. East, Max Miller: The Cheeky Chappie, Robson Books Ltd, new edition, 1998

I know exactly what you are saying ibid.

Programmes must at all cost be kept free of crudities The Little Green Book, BBC 1949

In Hackney Wick there lives a lass Barry Took and Marty Feldman, ‘Rambling Syd Rumpo’, Round The Horne, BBC Radio

Mrs Slocombe: Before we go any further, Mr Rumbold David Croft and Jeremy Lloyd, Are You Being Served?:Our Figures Are Slipping’, series 1, episode 3, BBC 1973

The twittering of the birds all day, the bumblebees at play Ronnie Barker, The Two Ronnies, BBC

I spend all day just crawling through the grass Peter Brewis, ‘The Two Ninnies’, Not The Nine O’Clock News, 1982

When, 20 years ago, Molly Sugden David Baddiel

She was pleased to see his tender won I’m Sorry, I Haven’t A Clue, BBC Radio 4

I know, for example, that the lovely Farad here Omid Djalili, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

My parents often had English people around ibid.

I just said thank you very much to Farad ibid.

My wife, who’s British, said Omid Djalili, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

To be called a bald, fat fart to your face ibid.

You couldn’t operate on a yacht Matt Allen, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It strikes everyone as an extreme case A. P. Rossiter, Our Living Language, Longman’s Green & Co., 1953

But do not give it to a lawyer’s clerk to write Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, Vintage Classics, new edition, 2007

Upon any such default Security Agreement, Harbour Equity Partners, LLC, November 2010

The physical progressing of building cases Sir Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1955

It may be said that no harm is done ibid.

good and useful … Sir Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1955

is the verbal sleight of hand David Lehman, Sign of the Times: Destruction and Fall of Paul De Man, Andre Deutsch Ltd, 1991

Proactive, self-starting facilitator required’ quoted by Christopher Howse, ‘At the end of the day, you’ve given 110 per cent’, Telegraph, 14 June 2007

Using language as a way of obscuring the truth Ian Hislop, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It starts in management consultancies ibid.

What amuses me is the same management ibid.

Doublespeak is a language which pretends to communicate William Lutz, The New Doublespeak, Harper Collins, 1996

unlawful and arbitrary deprivation of life US State Department annual report, 1984

Nazism permeated the flesh and blood of the people Victor Klamperer, Lingua Tertii Imperii (The Language of the Third Reich), Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006

the barbed wire was not facing the West Gunter Böhnke, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

My mother lost her purse ibid.

Every joke is a tiny revolution George Orwell, ‘Funny But Not Vulgar’ and Other Selected Essays and Journalism, The Folio Society, 1998

Erich Honecker arrives at his office early one morning Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, The Lives of Others, Buena Vista Pictures, 2006

We’re in a no-win, damned if you do and damned if you don’t scenario Peter Jackson, quoted in ‘Jackson Talks Dam Busters: Controversial decision looms for WWII remake’, IGN website, 6 September 2006

David Howard should not have quit Julian Bond quoted in Donald Demarco, ‘Acting Niggardly’, Social Justice Review 91, No. 3–4, March–April 2000

I’d go to school on the Monday Stephen K. Amos, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

When people say political correctness has gone mad ibid.

special vocabulary of tramps or thieves 1756, Online Etymology Dictionary, etymonline.com

the dirtiest dregs of the wandering beggars Alexander Gil as quoted by Henry Hitchens in The Language Wars: A History of Proper English, John Murray, February 2011

that poisonous and most stinking ulcer of our state Alexander Gil, Logonomia Anglica, Scolar Press, reissue of 1621 edition, February 1969

the continual corruption of our English tongue’ Jonathan Swift, Tatler, No. 230, September 1710

the choice of certain words ibid.

an epithet which in the English vulgar language Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785, University of Michigan Library, April 2009

The freedom of thought and speech ibid.

I have never seen a man of more original observation Robert Burns, in a letter to Mrs Dunlop from Ellisland on 17 July 1789, as quoted by Jennifer Orr, BBC website, Robert Burns

low habits, general improvidence … John Camden Hotton, A Dictionary of Slang, Cant and Vulgar Words, Taylor and Greening, 1860

I likes a top o’ reeb Henry Mayhew, ‘London Labour and the London Poor’, The Morning Chronicle, 1851

the wandering tribes of London’; ‘There exists in London a singular tribe of men John Camden Hotton, A Dictionary Of Modern Slang, Cant, And Vulgar Words, Taylor and Greening, 1860

harristocrats of the streets ibid.

A citizen of London, being in the country Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785, University of Michigan Library, April 2009

one born within the sound of Bow bell, that is in the City of London John Minsheu, Ductor in Linguas (Guide into the Tongues) and Vocabularium Hispanicolatinum (A Most Copious Spanish Dictionary) (1617), Scholars Facsimilies & Reprint, May 1999

Yankee Doodle came to London, just to ride the ponies George M. Cohen, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’, 1942

pulling someone’s pants up sharply to wedge them between the buttocks Jonathan E. Lighter, Historical Dictionary of American Slang, Vol. 2: H–O, Random House Reference, 1997

Oh, it’s the tourists … I’m not Listerine but they get on my goat Stephen Fry, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Well, we’re losing it, aren’t we? London Cab Driver, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

A Cockney has got a cheerful way about him ibid.

As feely ommes, we would zhoosh our riah Peter Burton, Parallel Lives, Gay Men’s Press, 1985

Hello. Is there anybody there? Barry Took and Marty Feldman, ‘Julian and Sandy’, Round the Horne, BBC Radio

Omes and palones of the jury Barry Took and Marty Feldman, ‘Bona Law’, Round the Horne, BBC Radio

a miracle of dexterity at the cottage upright’ Barry Took and Marty Feldman, ‘Julian and Sandy: Bona Performers’, Round the Horne, BBC Radio

In the beginning, Gloria created the heaven and the earth The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, King James Bible into Polari in 2003, as quoted by Christopher Bryant, Paul Baker: How Bona to Vada Your Dolly Old Eek, Polari Magazine, 3 December 2008

A lot of English people see Australians as a recessive gene Kathy Lette, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

This is accounted for by the number of individuals Peter Cunningham, Two Years in New South Wales, Henry Colburn, 1827

Pommy is supposed to be short for pomegranate D. H. Lawrence, Kangaroo, Penguin Classics, new edition, 1986

I think it’s something to do with our Irish heritage Kathy Lette, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

We shorten everything ibid.

I’ve met six British prime ministers Stephen Fry, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

having a black belt in tongue-fu Kathy Lette, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

gutless spivs Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating, quoted by Nick Stace in ‘Taking Insults to a New Level’, My Telegraph, September 2010

brain-damaged’; ‘mangy maggot’; ‘the little dessicated coconut Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating, quoted by Patrick Carlyon in ‘Ex-PM Paul Keating the heckler we had to have’, Herald Sun, 3 November 2009

like being savaged by a dead sheep Denis Healey on Sir Geoffrey Howe, Hansard, 14 June 1978, col. 1027

into the mysteries of Australian colloquial speech Barry Humphries ‘The Adventures of Barry McKenzie’, Private Eye, c.1960

Barry is hugely observant John Clarke, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

relied on indecency for its humour Australian Department of Customs and Excise, quoted in The Mythical Australian: Barry Humphries, Gough Whitlam and ‘new nationalism’, Anne Pender, The Australian Journal of Politics and History, March 2005

It’s very seldom that someone like Barry Humphries comes along John Clarke, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The American influence is huge Kathy Lette, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

the practice of spending the night on other people’s couches Vicki Estes, ‘Seen the dictionary lately? OMG!’ Topeka Journal, 10 April 2011

a boring or socially inept person’; ‘the wives and girlfriends’ ‘Oxford English Dictionary: other new words and definitions’, Telegraph, 24 March 2011

Wag is notable Graeme Diamond, editor of Oxford English Dictionary

a protuberance of flesh Dave Masters, ‘OMG in the OED? LOL!’, Sun, 24 March 2011

has apparently taken over from Shakespeare Mark Liberman, Homeric Objects of Desire, 2005

D’oh … expressing frustrations Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2001

The Canadian election was so mehCollins English Dictionary, ninth edition, Collins, 4 June 2007

widespread unselfconscious usage Graeme Diamond, quoted in ‘Meh– the word that’s sweeping the internet’, Michael Hann, Guardian, 5 March 2007

He’s embiggened that role with his cromulent performance The Simpsons: Lisa the Iconoclast, season seven, episode 16, David X Cohen, Fox, 1996

there is a competing effect Riccardo Argurio, Matteo Bertolini, Sebastián Franco, Shamit Kachru, Gauge/gravity duality and meta-stable dynamical supersymmetry breaking, the Institute of Physics Publishing, 2007

O hart tht sorz Eileen Bridge, runner-up in the T - Mobile txt laureate competition, quoted in David Crystal, ‘2b or not 2b’, Guardian, 5 July 2008

Verona was de turf of de feuding Montagues and de Capulet families Martin Baum, To Be Or Not To Be, Innit, Bright Pen, 2008

John’s girlfriend is really pretty ‘Say what? A parents’ guide to UK teenage slang’, BBC News school report, 11 March 2010

John’s chick is proper buff Phoenix High School, Shepherd’s Bush, West London, ‘Say what? A parents’ guide to UK teenage slang’, BBC News school report, 11 March 2010

Jonny’s bird is proper fit Holy Family Catholic Church, Keighley, West Yorkshire, ‘Say what? A parents’ guide to UK teenage slang’, BBC News school report, 11 March 2010

John’s missus is flat out bangin’ Bishopston Comprehensive School, Swansea, Wales, ‘Say what? A parents’ guide to UK teenage slang’, BBC News school report, 11 March 2010

Berkeley is one of the most diverse places you’ll ever be Connor, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It can change in one day Berkeley High Students, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The word rap was used in the black community’ H. Samy Alim, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It’s metaphors Kenard ‘K2’ Karter, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The MCing or rapping is a verbal art form H. Samy Alim, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

You step up into the cipher ibid.

From a language perspective Kenard ‘K2’ Karter, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

And that is what some people view as cultural theft H. Samy Alim, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

My president, your country is dead El General, ‘Rais Le Bled’ (President, Your People) quoted in Vivienne Walt, ‘El Général and the Rap Anthem of the Mideast Revolution’, Time, 5 February 2011

The revolution is a social movement Balti as quoted by Neil Curry in ‘Tunisia’s rappers provide a soundtrack to a revolution’, CNN World, 2 March 2011

Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, all must be liberated El General, An Ode to Arab Revolution, as quoted in Hip-hop for revolution by Clark Boyd, PRI’s The World, 8 February 2011

Chapter 4

Without words, without writing and without books, there would be no history Herman Hesse

Writing put agreements, laws, commandments on record H. G. Wells, A Short History of the World, Penguin Classics, 2006

For example, initially there would be a sign Irving Finkel, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

They were afraid of disease and impotence ibid.

Let us ask ourselves, positively, flatly René Etiemble as quoted in Writing: The Story of Alphabets and Scripts by Georges Jean, Harry N. Abrams, March 1992

Ventris was able to see John Chadwick, The Decipherment of Linear B, Cambridge University Press, 1958

He who first shortened the labor of copyists Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Oxford Paperbacks, June 2008

for there is so great diversity in English Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, Penguin Classics, 2004

There is an ebb and flow of all conditions of men Alain-René Lesage, La Valise Trouvée, Imprimerie Nationale, 30 October 2002

Diderot knew English Kate Tunstall, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

We know he had these dinners’ ibid.

An encyclopedia Denis Diderot, Encyclopedia: the complete illustrations, 1762–1777, New York: Harry N. Abrams; 1st edition, 1978

It has been compared to the impious Babel C.A. Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the Eighteenth Century: Historic and Literary, Part II, translated by Katharine P. Wormeley, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1905, pp. 89–128

This is the proportion … Samuel Johnson, quoted in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, abridged edition, Penguin Classics 31 May 1979

Wherever I turned my view Samuel Johnson (1755), Preface to the English Dictionary, paras 1–50, Dr Johnson’s Dictionary, Penguin Classics, 2005

… to refine our language to grammatical purity Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, No. 208, 14 March 1752

To make dictionaries is dull work’; ‘lexicographer Samuel Johnson, Dr Johnson’s Dictionary, Penguin Classics, 2005

I have protracted my work Samuel Johnson (1755), Preface to the English Dictionary, Dr Johnson’s Dictionary, Penguin Classics, 2005

Dotard’; ‘embryo’; ‘envy’; ‘eavesdropper’; ‘or jogger’; ‘oats’; ‘excise Samuel Johnson, Dr Johnson’s Dictionary, Penguin Classics, 2005

a wretched etymologist Thomas Macaulay, quoted by Jesse Sheidlower in Defining Moment, Bookforum, October 2005

most truly contemptible performances John Horne Took, quoted by Henry Hitchings, Dr Johnson’s Dictionary: The Extraordinary Story of the Book that Defined the World. John Murray, London, 2005

to the English speaking and English reading public’; ‘read books and make extracts for The Philological Society’s New English Dictionary ‘Dr Murray, Mill Hill, Middlesex, N.W.’ April 1879 Appeal, OED.com

a1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV. (1550) 32b, Duryng whiche sickenes as Auctors write he caused his crowne to be set on the pillowe at his beddes heade William Chester Minor, OED.com

It’s constantly moving. It’s fascinating’; ‘It’s rather nice John Simpson, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

There’s an excitement about the cries and whispers and the solaces Stephen Fry, Fry’s Planet Word, 2011

Books are not absolutely dead things John Milton, Areopagitica, Standard Publications, Inc., July 2008

was the first to have put together a collection of books Strabo, quoted by Barbara Krasner-Khait in ‘Survivor: The History of the Library’, History magazine, October/November 2001

During Lent Barbara Krasner-Khait, ‘Survivor: The History of the Library’, History magazine, October/November 2001

I hereby undertake not to remove from the Library Bodleian Library oath.

some of those books so taken out by the Reformers were burnt’ Anthony Wood, as quoted in ‘The History of The Bodleian, bodleian.ox.ac.uk

set up my Staffe at the Librarie dore in Oxon Thomas Bodley, as quoted by Jane Curran in ‘Looking back on Sir Thomas Bodley’, BBC Oxford, June 2009

We have staff whose job it is to keep stuff safe Richard Ovenden, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The politicians of today and tomorrow are communicating with their friends Richard Ovenden, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

It’s always been part of what we see as “serving the whole republic of the learned” Richard Ovenden, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Only he who has longed as I did for Saturdays to come Andrew Carnegie, quoted in The New York Times obituary, 12 August 1919

I choose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the Andrew Carnegie, as quoted in ‘The Andrew Carnegie Story’, carnegiebirthplace.com

Make ’em laugh, make ’em cry, make ’em wait Wilkie Collins as quoted by GW Dahlquist in ‘Make ’em laugh, make ’em cry, make ’em wait’, Guardian, 6 January 2007

Is Little Nell dead? Robert M.C. Jeffrey, Discovering Tong: Its History, Myths and Curiosities, Robert Jeffrey, April 2007

I’m a great goose to have given way so, but I couldn’t help it Lord Jeffrey, as quoted by Hattie Tyng Griswold, The Lives of Great Authors, A.C. McClurg and Company, Chicago, 1902

My taste is for the sensational novel G. K. Chesterton, The Spice of Life and Other Essays, Darwen Finlayson, 1964

I am an author Jakucho Setouchi, quoted by Dana Goodyear, ‘Letter from Japan, “I ♥ Novels” ’, The New Yorker, 22 December 2008

The book revolution which from the Renaissance on John Updike, BookExpo America, 2006

Print is where words go to die Jeff Jarvis, ‘Books will disappear. Print is where words go to die’, Guardian, 5 June 2006

One thing we’ve learned in the history of books Professor Robert Darnton, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I’m very attached to books and to manuscripts ibid.

bring back that real book smell you miss so much Smellofbooks.com

So we’re taking in history through the ear as well as through the eye Professor Robert Darnton, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

atomic priesthood Thomas A. Sebeok, ‘Technical Report’ prepared for Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation Battelle Memorial Institute, April 1984

People change, culture changes John Lomberg, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The other thing that seems to be universal is the notion of a storyboard’ John Lomberg, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Chapter 5

True Wit is Nature to advantage dress’d,’ Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism, Yale University Press, 1961

What, old dad dead? Cyril Tourneur, The Revenger’s Tragedy, Nick Hern Books, 1996

Oh that this too too solid flesh would melt, thaw and resolve into a dew! William Shakespeare, Hamlet, 1:2, 129–130, Penguin Classics, 2007

One might have expected natural selection Professor Steven Pinker, Toward a Consilient Study of Literature, Philosophy and Literature, volume 31, Number 1, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007

When you talk about it, you think about it in the back of your head Ernie Dingo, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

In the time before time began Bunjil ‘The Gariwerd Creation Story’ pamphlet

It’s both a rhyme and rhythm, and the rhythm is the heartbeat Ernie Dingo, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Tell me, Muse, of the man of many ways, who was driven Richmond Lattimore, The Odyssey of Homer, Harper Collins, 1965, reissued by HarperPerennial 1991, book I, lines 1–10, p. 27

So they sang, in sweet utterance, and the heart within me desired to listen ibid., book XII, lines 192–3, p. 190

Sing, Goddess, Achilles’ rage Professor Stanley Lombardo, The Iliad, Hackett Publishing Company, 1997, book I, lines 1–6

in which the whole plot is done backwards and the story winds up in futility and unhappiness Professor William Foster-Harris, The Basic Patterns of Plot, University of Oklahoma Press, new edition,1981

Plots of the body’; ‘plots of the mind Ronald Tobias, 20 Master Plots and How to Build Them, Walking Stick Press, March 2003

Nobody knows anything William Goldman, Adventures in the Screen Trade, Futura Publications, 1990

Nobody – not now, not ever – knows the least goddamn thing about what is or isn’t going to work at the box office ibid.

Writing is finally about one thing: going into a room alone and doing it William Goldman, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I was walking on 47th Street in New York – the diamond district ibid.

Is it safe? William Goldman, Marathon Man, Paramount Pictures, 1976

There’s no logic to it William Goldman, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

disappeared off with the Indians’ ibid.

But who knows, if we’d had McQueen, if it would have been different ibid.

When I tried to sell the movie ibid.

I’m gonna say something stupid ibid.

just to let themselves go and swim into it ibid.

I didn’t know Joyce, I didn’t know his wife Nora David Norris, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Few writers have had more grace and splendour in the way they write ibid.

“Good day’s work, Joyce?” said Budgen ibid.

Every kind of Dublin saying, like “the sock whiskey” for sore legs, for instance, is in it ibid.

Mr Leopold Bloom ate with relish James Joyce, Ulysses, Penguin Classics, new edition, 2000

My soul frets in the shadow of his language James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, new edition, May 1992

I have no language now, Sheila David Norris, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

We tend to be a bit subversive ibid.

I would say the greatness of Yeats Declan Kiberd, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

And for me that’s the magnificence of Yeats ibid.

We wouldn’t be here today in a Senate of an independent Ireland ibid.

I have met them at close of day W.B. Yeats, Easter, 1916WB Yeats Selected Poems, Penguin Classics, reissued 2000

Sure, but you have to tell us a story in return Declan Kiberd, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

You make your destitution sumptuous ibid.

In the last ditch, all we can do is sing Samuel Becket as quoted by Barry McGovern, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Absolutely terrifying … Apart from it being so famous Simon Russell Beale, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I get the sense that it was a radical exploration of a single human soul ibid.

It really does yield extraordinary riches ibid.

Utterly terrifying, poleaxing with fear David Tennant, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

I saw him at that very formative age ibid.

like keeping goal for Scotland ibid.

And you think, please Lord, let me just remember the lines ibid.

I can be bounded in a nutshell’ William Shakespeare, Hamlet, 2:2, 254–6, Penguin Classics, new edition, January 2007

You just get the sense that he hasn’t slept for days David Tennant, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

honey-heavy dew of slumber William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, 1:1, 230, Wordsworth Editions, 1992

sore labour’s bath William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2:2, 35–6, Penguin Classics, new edition, 2007

Alas poor Yorick, I knew him William Shakespeare, Hamlet, 5:1, 185, Penguin Classics, new edition, 2007

I think the Yorick moment is much more specific David Tennant, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The first few performances holding a real human head ibid.

like it was some big oak tree Mark Rylance, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

“It’s you who are alive now.” ibid.

In Pittsburgh there was a little old lady ibid.

Till then, sit still, my soul: foul deeds will rise William Shakespeare, Hamlet 1:2, 256–7, Penguin Classics, new edition, January 2007

I remember performing the play out at Broadmoor special hospital Mark Rylance, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

To be, or not to be, that is the question William Shakespeare, Hamlet, 3:1, 56–88 Penguin Classics, new edition, January 2007

I think poetry is to be distinguished always from prose. Christopher Ricks and Stephen Fry, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone W. H. Auden, ‘Funeral Blues’,Collected Poems, Faber & Faber, Copyright © 1976, 1991, 2007 The Estate of W. H. Auden

Tragically in my life, in every film I’ve ever done Richard Curtis, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Every day I think of that line from “The Boxer ibid.

If you pick up a poem for the first time you have to piece it together ibid.

I think there was a six-month period in which I understood it ibid.

music is auditory cheesecake Professor Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works, Penguin Allen Lane, 1998

A Mars a day helps you work, rest and play Mars, D’Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles, 1965

Now hands that do dishes …with mild green Fairy Liquid Fairy Liquid advertising campaign, 1961

Just do it Nike, Wieden and Kennedy, 1988

Most excellent and proved Dentifrice London Gazette, 1660, quoted by Gillian Dyer, Advertising as Communication, Routledge, new edition, 1982

Promise, large Promise, is the soul of an Advertisement’ Dr Samuel Johnson, The Idler, The Universals Chronicle, 1759 edition

It won’t be long till Leo Burnett is selling apples quoted in The Apple Story, leoburnett.co.in

They’re GR-R-R-E-A-T Kellogg’s Frosties advertising campaign, Leo Burnett, 1952

Words are tremendously important in advertising Don Bowen, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

We pluck the lemon; you get the plums Volkswagen advertising campaign, Doyle Dane Bernbach, 1960

We’re only Number 2. We try harder Avis advertising campaign, Doyle Dane Bernbach, 1962

Probably the best lager in the world Carlsberg advertising campaign, Saatchi & Saatchi, 1973

Refreshes the parts other beers cannot reach Heineken advertising campaign, Collett Dickenson Pearce & Partners, 1974

Don’t just book it, Thomas Cook it Thomas Cook advertising campaign, Wells, Rich, Greene, 1984

English is a particularly good language for being able to play gags Don Bowen, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Don’t forget the Fruit Gums, Mum Rowntree’s Fruit Gums advertising campaign, 1958

Beanz Means Heinz Heinz advertising campaign, Young & Rubicam, 1967

All because the lady loves Milk Tray Cadbury’s advertising campaign, Leo Burnett, 1968

Opal Fruits! Made to make your mouth water Mars advertising campaign, c.1970

For Mash get Smash! Smash advertising campaign, Boase Massimi Pollitt, 1974

Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet Hamlet advertising campaign, Collett Dickenson Pearce & Partners, 1960

The end line has got to resonate with people Don Bowen, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Now the laborers and cablers and council-motion tablers were just passing by McDonald’s, Leo Burnett, 2009

I think there will always be good stories to tell Don Bowen, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

Unless your advertising contains a big idea it will pass like a ship in the night David Ogilvy, Ogilvy on Advertising, Prion Books, 1995

In Great Britain, there are twelve million households David Ogilvy, The Theory and Practice of Selling the Aga Cooker, issued by Aga Heat Limited, June 1935

no credentials, no clients and only $6,000 in the bank’ David Ogilvy, An Autobiography, John Wiley & Sons; Revised Ed edition, February 1997

Did it make me gasp when I first saw it? David Ogilvy, Ogilvy on Advertising, Prion Books, 1995

The Man in the Hathaway shirt C. F. Hathaway, Ogilvy and Mather, 1951

At sixty miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock Rolls Royce advertising campaign, Ogilvy & Mather, 1958

Only Dove is one-quarter cleansing cream Dove advertising campaign, Ogilvy & Mather,

The consumer is not a moron David Ogilvy, Ogilvy on Advertising, Prion Books, 1995

Being edited by Ogilvy was like being operated on by a great surgeon Kenneth Roman, The King of Madison Avenue: David Ogilvy and the Making of Modern Advertising, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009

I do not regard advertising as entertainment or art form David Ogilvy, Ogilvy on Advertising, Prion Books, 1995

David Ogilvy 1911 – Great brands live for ever Leo Burnett, 1999

A lot of communication has nothing to do with the words President Clinton, The Art of Oratory, BBC News, April 2009

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears! William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, 3:2, 73, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1992

To be or not to be Hamlet, 3:1, 56, Penguin Classics, 2007

Out, damn spot William Shakespeare, Macbeth, 5:1, 35, Penguin Classics, 2007

Brutus is an honourable man William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, 3:2, 87, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1992

Words paint pictures; words draw our imagination The Reverend Jesse Jackson as quoted in The Art of Oratory, BBC News, April 2009

It is this fate, I solemnly assure you, that I dread for you Demosthenes, translated by Arthur Wallace Pickard in The Public Orations of Demosthenes, Volume I, The Echo Library, January 2008

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, Penguin, August 2009

I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead Kent Nerburn, Chief Joseph & the Flight of the Nez Perce: The Untold Story of an American Tragedy, HarperOne, 2006

We shall not flag or fail Winston Churchill in the House of Commons, 4 June 1940, as quoted in David Cannadine (ed.), Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: The Great Speeches, Penguin Classics, 2007

He mobilized the English language and sent it into battle’ Edward R. Murrow, CBS broadcast, 30 November 1954, quoted in David Cannadine (ed.), Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: The Great Speeches, Penguin Classics, 2007

that branch of the art of lying which consists in very nearly deceiving your friends without quite deceiving your enemies Francis Cornford, quoted by Michael Balfour in Propaganda in War, 1939–45: Organizations, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany, Routledge, 1979

You know what “morale” is, don’t you? Graham Greene, John Dighton, Angus MacPhail, Diana Morgan, Went the Day Well?, Ealing Studios, 1942

It’s a beautiful thing, the destruction of words George Orwell, 1984, Penguin, 2008

In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible ibid.

partly to improve his French’; ‘and it was an ideology, not just a language Bernard Crick, George Orwell: A Life, Penguin, 2nd revised edition, 1992

Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past George Orwell, 1984, Penguin, 2008

That propaganda is good which leads to success Joseph Goebbels, quoted by Joachim C. Fest, The Face of the Third Reich, Penguin, new edition, 1995

Letting a hundred flowers blossom Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals, Praeger, 1960

War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength George Orwell, 1984, Penguin, 2008

Political slogans are still useful because they sum up the approach Don Bowen, Fry’s Planet Word, BBC 2011

The most brilliant propagandist technique Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf, Jaico Publishing House, 37th edition, 2007