Notes

You can find your own digital workbook—including how I incorporate each chapter’s recommendations into my own daily life and how you can form them to meet your specific goals—at www.TheAlignBook.com.

Chapter 1: Stand Up for Yourself—Posture and Personality

1. Pablo Brunol et al., “Body Posture Effects on Self-Evaluation: A Self-Validation Approach,” European Journal of Social Psychology, August 2009, available online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejsp.607.

2. Lisa Owens Viani, “Good Posture Is Important for Physical and Mental Health,” SF State News, December 2017, available online at https://news.sfsu.edu/news-story/good-posture-important-physical-and-mental-health.

3. Bessel van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score (New York: Penguin, 2015), 112.

4. Peter Levine, Waking the Tiger (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1997), 95.

5. “The Economic Impact of the Coffee Industry,” National Coffee Association, available online at http://www.ncausa.org/Industry-Resources/Economic-Impact.

6. Dana R. Carney, Amy Cuddy, and A. J. Nap, “Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance,” Psychological Science, September 2010, available online at http://www.people.hbs.edu/acuddy/in%20press,%20carney,%20cuddy,%20&%20yap,%20psych%20science.pdf.

7. Amy Cuddy, “Your Body Language May Shape Who You Are,” TED Talks, available online at https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are?language=en.

8. Joseph P. Simmons, Uri Simonsohn, “Power Posing: P-curving the Evidence” (2017) Psychological Science, 28 (5), 687–693. Available online at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797616658563?journalCode=pssa.

9. Amy J. C. Cuddy, S. Jack Schultz, Nathan E. Fosse, “P-Curving a More Comprehensive Body of Research on Postural Feedback Reveals Clear Evidential Value for Power-Posing Effects: Reply to Simmons and Simonsohn” (2017). Psychological Science, 29(4), 656-666. Available online at https://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/CzbNAn7Ch6ZZirK9yMGH/full.

10. Jeff Thompson, “Is Nonverbal Communication a Numbers Game?,” Psychology Today, September 2011, available online at https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-words/201109/is-nonverbal-communication-numbers-game.

11. Albert Mehrabian, Nonverbal Communication (Piscataway, NJ: 1972), 108.

12. Chuck Hustmyre and Jay Dixit, “Marked for Mayhem,” Psychology Today, January 2009, available online at https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/200901/marked-mayhem.

13. Dr. Paul Ekman, “Are There Universal Facial Expressions?,” available online at https://www.paulekman.com/resources/universal-facial-expressions.

14. Andreas Hennenlotter et al. “The Link Between Facial Feedback and Neural Activity within Central Circuits of Emotion—New Insights from Botulinum Toxin–Induced Denervation of Frown Muscles,” Cerebral Cortex 19:3, March 2009, 537–542, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn104.

15. Ibid.

16. R. J. Larsen, “Facilitating the Furrowed Brow: An Unobtrusive Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis Applied to Unpleasant Affect,” Cognition and Emotion 6(5) (September 1992): 321–33, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29022461.

Chapter 2: Rigidity Tends to Break—Play May Save Your Brain and Body

1. Richard W. Byrne, “The What as Well as the Why of Animal Fun,” Current Biology, January 2015, available online at https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(14)01123-3.

2. “Less-Structured Time in Children’s Daily Lives Predicts Self-Directed Executive Functioning,” Frontiers in Psychology, June 2014, available online at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00593/full.

3. Jaak Panksepp et al., “A Novel NMDA Receptor Glycine-site Partial Agonist, GLYX-13, Has Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Autism,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2011, available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.006.

4. Stuart Brown, Play: How it Shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination, and Invigorates the Soul (New York: Avery, 2009), 41.

5. M. Bronikowska et al., “You Think You Are Too Old to Play? Playing Games and Aging,” Human Movement, available online at https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/humo.2011.12.issue-1/v10038-010-0030-2/v10038-010-0030-2.pdf.

6. Patricia J. Holhbein, “The Power of Play in Developing Emotional Intelligence Impacting Leadership Success: A Study of the Leadership Team in a Midwest Private, Liberal Arts University,” Pepperdine University, June 2015, available online at https://search.proquest.com/openview/792ae392ff6d43e60b0914c3ad539f2f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y; B. Janet Hibbs and Anthony Rostain, “Why 90 Percent of Generation Z Says They’re Stressed Out,” Psychology Today, December 2018, available online at https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-stressed-years-their-lives/201812/why-90-percent-generation-z-says-theyre-stressed-out.

7. Cale D. Magnusson and Lynn A. Barnett, “The Playful Advantage: How Playfulness Enhances Coping with Stress,” Leisure Sciences, March 2013, available online at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400.2013.761905?journalCode=ulsc20.

8. Ibid.

9. Stephen Porges, “Play as a Neural Exercise: Insights into Polyvagal Theory,” The Power of Play for Mind-Brain Health, Mindgains.org, available online at https://mindgains.org/bonus/GAINS-The-Power-of-Play-for-Mind-Brain-Health.pdf.

Chapter 3: Tools and Techniques to Align Your Body

1. R. Schleip et al., “Active Fascial Contractility: Fascia May Be Able to Contract in a Smooth Muscle-Like Manner and Thereby Influence Musculoskeletal Dynamics,” Medical Hypothesis, 2005, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15922099.

2. H. M. Langevin et al., “Mechanical Signaling Through Connective Tissue: A Mechanism for the Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture,” FASEB Journal, October 2001, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11641255.

3. Andrew Still, Philosophy of Osteopathy (independently published via lulu.com, 2018), 18.

4. Sahib S. Khalsa et al., “Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap,” Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, June 2018, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054486/.

5. Brian C. Clark et al., “The Power of the Mind: The Cortex as a Critical Determinant of Muscle Strength/Weakness,” Journal of Neurophysiology, December 2014, available online at https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00386.2014.

6. Kai J. Miller et al., “Cortical Activity During Motor Execution, Motor Imagery, and Imagery-Based Online Feedback,” PNAS, March 2010, available online at https://www.pnas.org/content/107/9/4430; Vinoth K. Ranganathan et al., “From Mental Power to Muscle Power—Gaining Strength by Using the Mind,” Neuropsychologia, 2004, available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002839320300325.7.

Chapter 4: Floor Sitting: Your Foundation for Self-Care

1. Leonardo Barbosa, Barreto de Brito, et al., “Ability to Sit and Rise from the Floor as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality,” Preventive Cardiology, 2012, available online at http://geriatrictoolkit.missouri.edu/srff/deBrito-Floor-Rise-Mortality-2012.pdf.

2. “Falls Prevention Facts,” National Council on Aging, available online at https://www.ncoa.org/news/resources-for-reporters/get-the-facts/falls-prevention-facts/.

3. Phillip Beach, Muscles and Meridians (London: Churchill Livingstone, 2010), 134.

4. Wang Xi et al., “Material Approaches to Active Tissue Dynamics,” Nature, December 2018, available online at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-018-0066-z.

5. A. D. Woolf and B. Pfleger, “Burden of Major Musculoskeletal Conditions,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2003, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14710506; “The Cost of Arthritis in US Adults,” CDC, available online at https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/cost.htm.

6. James A. Levine, “The “NEAT Defect” in “Human Obesity: The Role of Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis,” Endocrinology Update, 2007, available online at https://www.mayoclinic.org/documents/mc5810-0307-pdf/doc-20079082.

7. Christopher Shea, “Mindful Exercise, New York Times, December 2007, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/magazine/09mindfulexercise.html.

8. James A. Levine, “The “NEAT Defect” in Human Obesity: The Role of Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis,” Endocrinology Update, 2007, available online at https://www.mayoclinic.org/documents/mc5810-0307-pdf/doc-20079082.

Chapter 5: Nasal Breathing: Tuning Your Engine

1. H. R. Colten and B. M. Altevogt, “Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem,” Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research, 2006, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20669438.

2. Emma M. Seppälä, Jack B. Nitschke, Dana L. Tudorascu, et al., “Breathing-Based Meditation Decreases Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in U.S. Military Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study,” Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2014, available online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jts.21936.

3. I. M. Lin et al., “Breathing at a Rate of 5.5 Breaths per Minute with Equal Inhalation-to-Exhalation Ratio Increases Heart Rate Variability,” International Journal of Psychophysiology, March 2014, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380741.

4. Sandra Kahn and Robert R. Erlich, Jaws: The Story of a Hidden Epidemic (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018), 6.

5. Alex Hutchinson, Endure (New York: William Morrow, 2017), 121–122.

6. J. Key, “‘The core’: Understanding it, and retraining its dysfunction,” Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 2013, available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.012.

Chapter 6: Hip Hinging: Give Me Leverage and I’ll Move the World

1. “Morihei Ueshiba,” The Art of Peace (Boulder, CO: Shambala, 2007), 35.

2. Esther Gokhale, 8 Steps to a Pain-Free Back: Natural Posture (Pendo Press, 2008), 21.

3. K. K. Hansraj, “Assessment of Stresses in the Cervical Spine Caused by Posture and Position of the Head,” Surgical Technology International, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25393825.

4. Jonathan Kingdon, Lowly Origin: Where, When, and Why Our Ancestors First Stood Up (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), 19.

5. Dr. Kelly Starrett and Glen Cordoza, Becoming a Supple Leopard, 2nd edition (Las Vegas: Victory Belt, 2015), 15.

6. Stuart McGill, “Hip Anatomy,” OTP Books, available online at https://www.otpbooks.com/stuart-mcgill-hip-anatomy/.

Chapter 7: Hanging: The Power of Decompression

1. Richard Gray, “The Real Reasons Why We Walk on Two Legs, and Not Four,” BBC, December 2016, available online at http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20161209-the-real-reasons-why-we-walk-on-two-legs-and-not-four.

2. Wynne Parry, “Exaptation: How Evolution Uses What’s Available,” Live Science, September 2013, available online at https://www.livescience.com/39688-exaptation.html; Brian G. Richmond et al., “Origin of Human Bipedalism: The Knuckle-Walking Hypothesis Revisited,” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 2001, available online at http://users.clas.ufl.edu/krigbaum/proseminar/richmond_etal_2001_ypa.pdf.

3. Robert Jurmain et al., Essentials of Physical Anthropology, 7th edition (Boston: Cengage Learning, 2008), 109

4. John Kirsch, Shoulder Pain? (Morgan, NC: Bookstand Publishing, 2013), 6–7.

5. Kristina Killgrove, “Brawny Bones Reveal Medieval Hungarian Warriors Were Accomplished Archers,” Forbes, September 2015, available online at https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2015/09/30/brawny-bones-reveal-10th-century-hungarian-warriors-were-accomplished-archers/#10f1c4a35f71.

6. John Gribbin and Jeremy Cherfas, The First Chimpanzee, 2nd Edition (New York: Penguin Science, 2001), 10.

7. W. H. Irwin McClean, “Genetic Disorders of Palm Skin and Nail,” Journal of Anatomy, 2003, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571049/.

8. Howard LeWine, “Grip Strength May Provide Clues to Heart Health,” Harvard Health Publishing, May 2015, available online at https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/grip-strength-may-provide-clues-to-heart-health-201505198022.

9. E. Fain and C. Weatherford, “Comparative Study of Millennials’ (Age 20–34 Years) Grip and Lateral Pinch with the Norms,” Journal of Hand Therapy, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869476.

10. Salim Yusuf and Koon Teo, “PURE—Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study,” CoHeart, available online at http://www.coheart.ca/projects/pure; “Chronic Low Back Pain on the Rise: UNC Study Finds ‘Alarming Increase’ in Prevalence,” 2009, UNC School of Medicine, available online at http://www.med.unc.edu/www/newsarchive/2009/february/chronic-low-back-pain-on-the-rise-unc-study-finds-alarming-increase-in-prevalence.

11. Pavel Tsatsouline, Relax into Stretch (St. Paul, MN: Dragon Door Publications, 2001), 3–4.

12. Gray Cook, “Hitting Save on a Movement Document,” September 24, 2015, Functional Movement, available online at https://www.functionalmovement.com/articles/FMS%20Video%20Series/640/hitting_save_on_a_movement_document.

Chapter 8: Walking: Circulating Your Mind and Body

1. Dan Buettner, The Blue Zones, Second Edition: 9 Lessons for Living Longer from the People Who’ve Lived the Longest (New York: National Geographic, 2012), 63.

2. Stacy Simon, “Study: Even a Little Daily Walking May Help You Live Longer,” American Cancer Society, October 19, 2017, available online at https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/study-even-a-little-walking-may-help-you-live-longer.html.

3. Craig Stanford, Upright (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003), xix.

4. Ibid., 166–170.

5. Robert E. Shadwick, “Elastic Energy Storage in Tendons: Mechanical Differences Related to Function and Age,” Journal of Applied Physiology, 1995, available online at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9cb2/fe7d04a2fafe5c550f5845c37eb43fe89e8f.pdf (page 1033).

6. Steven Levy, “One More Thing: Inside Apple’s Insanely Great (Or Just Insane) New Mothership,” Wired, May 16, 2017, available online at https://www.wired.com/2017/05/apple-park-new-silicon-valley-campus.

7. E. Sng, E. Frith, and P. D. Loprinzi, “Temporal Effects of Acute Walking Exercise on Learning and Memory Function,” American Journal of Health Promotion, September 2018, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29284283.

8. Kirk I. Erickson et al., “Exercise Training Increases Size of Hippocampus and Improves Memory,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (7): 3017–3022, available online at http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/01/25/1015950108.

9. Michael A. Yappa, “Hippocampus,” Encyclopedia Britannica, available online at https://www.britannica.com/science/hippocampus.

10. Marily Oppezzo and Daniel L. Schwartz, “Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014, available online at https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/xlm-a0036577.pdf.

11. Heidi Godman, “Regular Exercise Changes the Brain to Improve Memory, Thinking Skills,” Harvard Health, April 9, 2014, available online at https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/regular-exercise-changes-brain-improve-memory-thinking-skills-201404097110.

12. C. H. Hillman, “The Effect of Acute Treadmill Walking on Cognitive Control and Academic Achievement in Preadolescent Children,” Neuroscience, March 2010, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2667807/.

13. Eben Weiss, “The Art of Wayfinding,” Outside, April 4, 2018, available online at https://www.outsideonline.com/2294891/art-wayfinding.

14. Lin Edwards, “Study Suggests Reliance on GPS May Reduce Hippocampus Function as We Age,” Medical Xpress, November 2010, available online at https://medicalxpress.com/news/2010-11-reliance-gps-hippocampus-function-age.html;

15. David Dobbs, “Are GPS Apps Messing with Our Brains?,” Mother Jones, November 2016, available online at https://www.motherjones.com/media/2016/11/gps-brain-function-memory-navigation-maps-apps.

16. Katy Bowman, “13 Ways to Make Your Walk More Nutritious,” Nutritious Movement, available online at https://www.nutritiousmovement.com/13-ways-to-make-your-walk-more-nutritious/.

17. Phillip Beach, Muscles and Meridians (London: Churchill Livingstone, 2010), 145.

18. S. Beddhu et al., “Light-Intensity Physical Activities and Mortality in the United States General Population and CKD Subpopulation,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, July 2015, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931456.

19. “Physical Activity, Any Type or Amount, Cuts Health Risk from Sitting,” Science Daily, January 2019, available online at https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190114170601.htm

Chapter 9: Clothing—If the Shoe Fits

1. J. Flensmark, “Is There an Association Between the Use of Heeled Footwear and Schizophrenia?,” Medical Hypothesis, 2001, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325026.

Chapter 10: Align Your Home for Optimal Health and Creativity

1. Alison Abbot, “City Living Marks the Brain,” Nature, June 2011, available online at https://www.nature.com/news/2011/110622/full/474429a.html.

2. “How Does the Brain’s Spatial Map Change When We Change the Shape of the Room?,” University College London, March 2018, available online at https://www.ucl.ac.uk/swc/sainsbury-wt-news-pub/how-does-the-brains-spatial-map-change-when-we-change-the-shape-of-the-room.

3. Kashmira Gander, “How Architecture Uses Space, Light, and Material to Affect Your Mood,” The Independent, April 2016, available online at https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/design/how-architecture-uses-space-light-and-material-to-affect-your-mood-american-institute-architects-a6985986.html.

4. Amber Brooks and Leon Lack, “A Brief Afternoon Nap Following Nocturnal Sleep Restriction: Which Nap Duration is Most Recuperative?,” Sleep, June 2006, available online at https://academic.oup.com/sleep?pid=26564; Linh Nguyen, “Science Says This Is Exactly How to Nap to Be at Your Best,” Forbes, June 2016, available online at https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/06/24/science-says-this-is-exactly-how-to-nap-to-be-at-your-best/#602ff7e677de.

5. Sara Mednick, Take a Nap! Change Your Life. (New York: Workman, 2006), 139.

Chapter 11: Aligning Your Office for Better Movement

1. “American Time Use Survey,” US Department of Labor, available online at https://www.bls.gov/tus/charts.htm.

2. Matthew A. Davis, “Where the United States Spends Its Spine Dollars: Expenditures on Different Ambulatory Services for the Management of Back and Neck Conditions,” Spine, September 2013, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3423501/.

3. Robert Ulrich, “View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery,” Science, 1984, available online at http://science.sciencemag.org/content/224/4647/420.

4. Slepian, M. L., & Ambady, N. “Fluid movement and creativity,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, November 2012. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22352395.

5. Keith Bryant, “Rounded Corners and Why They Are Here to Stay,” Design Modo, available online at https://designmodo.com/rounded-corners/.

6. Jennifer Wallace, “Why It’s Good for Grown-Ups to Go Play,” Washington Post, May 20, 2017, available online at https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/why-its-good-for-grown-ups-to-go-play/2017/05/19/99810292-fd1f-11e6-8ebe-6e0dbe4f2bca_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.3f4807948e65.

7. A. Cogoli, “Changes Observed in Lymphocyte Behavior During Gravitational Unloading,” ASGSB Bulletin, July 1991, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11537173.

Chapter 12: Therapeutic Movement for Driving and Travel

1. “Americans Spend an Average of 17,600 Minutes Driving Each Year,” AAA, September 2016, available online at https://newsroom.aaa.com/2016/09/americans-spend-average-17600-minutes-driving-year/.

2. C. Hoehner et al., “Commuting Distance, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Metabolic Risk,” American Journal of Preventative Medicine, June 2012, available online at https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(12)00167-5/abstract.

3. “Commuting and Personal Well-being, 2014,” Office for National Statistics, February 2014, available online at https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105231823/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/wellbeing/measuring-national-well-being/commuting-and-personal-well-being—2014/art-commuting-and-personal-well-being.html

4. N. Babault et al., “Activation of Human Quadriceps Femoris During Isometric, Concentric, and Eccentric Contractions,” Journal of Applied Physiology, December 2001, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11717228.

5. “An Ancient Medical Treasure at Your Fingertips,” available online at https://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/20180911192432/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/news/turn_page_egyptian.html.

6. “Data and Statistics on Venous Thromboembolism,” CDC, available online at https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/data.html.

Chapter 13: The Aligned Morning—How to Start Your Day Upright

1. “A Brief History of Salt,” Time, March 1982, available online at http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925341,00.html.

2. Cheryl L. Laffer, “Is Sodium Restriction Important to Hypertension?,” Medscape, January 2019, available online at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/480719_2.

3. H. C. Sherman and A. O. Gettler, “The Balance of Acid Forming and Base Forming Elements in Foods, and Its Relation to Ammonia Metabolism,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1912, available online at http://www.jbc.org/content/11/4/323.full.pdf.

4. Joseph Cafone, “Disruption to the Circadian Rhythm Can Cause Weight Gain, Study Says,” ABC News, April 2018, available online at https://abcnews.go.com/Health/disruption-circadian-rhythm-weight-gain-study/story?id=54202080.

5. Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough, “Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being in Daily Life,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003, available online at https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/images/application_uploads/Emmons-CountingBlessings.pdf.

6. Rollin McCraty, “The Appreciative Heart: The Psychophysiology of Appreciation,” January 2002, available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232478613_The_Appreciative_Heart_The_Psychophysiology_of_Appreciation.

7. C. L. Flinchbaugh et al., “Student well-being interventions: The effects of stress management techniques and gratitude journaling in the management education classroom,” Journal of Management Education, 2012, available online at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1052562911430062.

8. K. M. Krpan et al., “An everyday activity as a treatment for depression: the benefits of expressive writing for people diagnosed with major depressive disorder,” Journal of Affective Disorders 150(3) (2013): 1148–1151, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790815

9. Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough, “Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being in Daily Life,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003, available online at https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/images/application_uploads/Emmons-CountingBlessings.pdf.

10. N. A. Shevchuk, “Adapted Cold Shower as a Potential Treatment for Depression,” Medical Hypothesis, 2008, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17993252.

11. Chantal Moret and Mike Briley, “The Importance of Norepinephrine in Depression,” Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2011, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131098/.

Chapter 14: The Aligned Evening—Accessing the Superpowers of Sleep

1. Anahad O’Connor, “The Claim: Lying on Your Left Side Eases Heartburn,” New York Times, October 2010, available online at https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/26/health/26really.html.

2. Kristen Domonell, “What Sleeping Position Is Best for You?,” CNN, March 2017, available online at https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/18/health/sleep-positions-good-bad/index.html.

3. H. Lee et al., “The Effect of Body Posture on Brain Glymphatic Transport,” Journal of Neuroscience, August 2015, available online at http://www.jneurosci.org/content/35/31/11034.short.

4. J. R. Davidson et al., “Growth Hormone and Cortisol Secretion in Relation to Sleep and Wakefulness,” Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, July 1991, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1188300/.

5. Saffron Alexander, “Why You Shouldn’t Eat Late at Night, According to Science,” The Telegraph, June 2017, available online at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/shouldnt-eat-late-night-according-science/.

6. Cibele Aparecida Crispim et al., “Relationship between Food Intake and Sleep Pattern in Healthy Individuals,” Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2011, available online at http://jcsm.aasm.org/viewabstract.aspx?pid=28375.

7. Valter D. Longo and Satchidananda Panda, “Fasting, circadian rhythms, and time restricted feeding in healthy lifespan,” Cell Metabolism, 2017, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27304506.

8. S.O. Quaswari et al., “The effect of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on sleep, sleepiness, cognitive function, and circadian rhythm,” Sleep & Breath, 2017, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28190167.

9. Thomas Cronin, “Seeing Without Eyes,” Scientific American, August 2017, available online at https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/seeing-without-eyes1/.

10. Kenji Obayashi et al., “Bedroom Light Exposure at Night and the Incidence of Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort,” American Journal of Epidemiology, July 2017, available online at https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-abstract/187/3/427/4056592?redirectedFrom=fulltext.

11. “Sleeping with artificial light at night associated with weight gain in women,” National Institutes of Health, June 2019, available online at https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/sleeping-artificial-light-night-associated-weight-gain-women.

Chapter 15: Near Sight—Your Eyes Need Movement, Too!

1. João Medeiro, “Our Obsession with Phones Could Be Changing the Shape of Our Eyes,” Wired, available online at https://www.wired.co.uk/article/eye-sight.

2. Niraj Chokshi, “Out of the Office: More People Are Working Remotely, Survey Finds,” New York Times, February 15, 2017.

3. Joseph Mercola, “How LED Lighting May Compromise Your Health,” October 2013, available online at https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2016/10/23/near-infrared-led-lighting.aspx.

4. Andrew Huberman, Instagram posts between February 8 and 14, 2019, available online at https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab/.

5. Magdalena M. H. E. van der Berg et al., “Modulation of Attentional Inhibition by Norepinephrine and Cortisol after Psychological Stress,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, December 2015.

6. Bamini Gopinath et al., “Influence of Physical Activity and Screen Time on the Retinal Microvasculature in Young Children,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, May 2011, available online at https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/atvbaha.110.219451.

7. Morgan Childs, “A Week of Darkness, for Your Health,” The Atlantic, July 2018, available online at https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/07/darkness-therapy-czech-republic/564365/.

8. Anette Kjellgren and Jessica Westman, “Beneficial Effects of Treatment with Sensory Isolation in Flotation-Tank as a Preventive Health-Care Intervention—A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial,” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, October 2014, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219027/.

9. “Smartphone Use: Distracted Pedestrians Walk Slower and Are Less Steady on Their Feet,” Science Daily, July 2018, available online at https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180731125546.htm

10. Takahiro Higuchi, “Visuomotor Control of Human Adaptive Locomotion: Understanding the Anticipatory Nature,” Frontiers in Psychology, 2013, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3655271/.

11. Amanda Johnson, “Florence Williams Wants You to Get More Nature in Your Life,” Standard-Examiner, October 2018, available online at https://www.standard.net/entertainment/arts/florence-williams-wants-you-to-get-more-nature-in-your/article_b85b416a-a8fd-5bae-992e-9242cd5028ba.html.

12. Richard Louv, Vitamin N (Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2016), 27.

Chapter 16: Finding Your Voice—the Way Sound Moves Us

1. Steve Connor, “Human Brain Has Dedicated Set of Nerve Cells That Respond Only to Sound of Music, Study Finds,” The Independent, available online at https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/human-brain-has-dedicated-set-of-nerve-cells-that-respond-only-to-sound-of-music-study-finds-a6780246.html.

2. R. C. Kessler et al., “Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 1995, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7492257.

3. Nora Landis-Shack, Adrienne J. Heinz, and Marcel O. Bonn-Miller, “Music Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress in Adults: A Theoretical Review,” Psychomusicology, December 2017, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744879/.

4. Myriam V. Thoma et al., “The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response,” PLoS One, 2013, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734071/.

5. A. J. Blood and R. J. Satorre, “Intensely Pleasurable Responses to Music Correlate with Activity in Brain Regions Implicated in Reward and Emotion,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, September 2001, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11573015/.

6. Maria Sorensen, “The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress Disorder Treatment: A Theoretical Approach for Social Work Implications,” February 2015, St. Catherine University of St. Thomas, available online at https://sophia.stkate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1526&context=msw_papers.

7. Deb A. Dana, The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy (New York: W.W. Norton, 2018), 113.

8. J. R. Keeler, “The Neurochemistry and Social Flow of Singing: Bonding and Oxytocin,” Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, September 2015, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585277/.

9. Bangalore G. Kaylani et al., “Neurohemodynamic Correlates of ‘OM’ Chanting: A Pilot Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study,” International Journal of Yoga, 2011, available online at http://www.ijoy.org.in/article.asp?issn=0973-6131;year=2011;volume=4;issue=1;spage=3;epage=6;aulast=Kalyani.

10. Maheshkumar Kuppusamy et al., “Effects of Bhramari Pranayama on Health—A Systematic Review,” Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755957.

11. R. Jerath, J. W. Edry, V. A. Barnes, and V. Jerath, “Physiology of Long Pranayamic Breathing: Neural Respiratory Elements May Provide a Mechanism That Explains How Slow Deep Breathing Shifts the Autonomic Nervous System,” Medical Hypotheses, 2006.

12. Xiao Ma et al., “The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults,” Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5455070/.

13. Christopher Bergland, “Why Do the Songs from Your Past Evoke Such Vivid Memories?,” Psychology Today, December 2013, available online at https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201312/why-do-the-songs-your-past-evoke-such-vivid-memories.

14. Viktor Müller and Ulman Lindenberger, “Cardiac and Respiratory Patterns Synchronize between Persons during Choir Singing,” PLoS One, September 2011, available online at https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0024893.

15. Tom Shakespeare and Alice Whieldon, “Sing Your Heart Out: Community Singing as Part of Mental Health Recovery,” Medical Humanities, December 2017, available online at https://mh.bmj.com/content/44/3/153.

16. Ilene A. Serlin, “Dancing Away Dementia,” Psychology Today, November 2013, available online at https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/make-your-life-blessing/201311/dancing-away-dementia.

17. Richard Powers, “Use It or Lose It: Dancing Makes You Smarter, Longer,” Stanford Dance, available online at https://socialdance.stanford.edu/syllabi/smarter.htm.

18. H. Steinberg, “Exercise Enhances Creativity Independently of Mood,” British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1997, available online at https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/31/3/240.full.pdf.

19. K. R. Norman (translator), The Rhinoceros Horn and Other Early Buddhist Poems (Sutta-Nipata) (Melksham: Pali Text Society, 1984).

20. Thich Nhat Hanh, Silence (New York: HarperOne, 2015), 7.

21. Adam Hadhazy, “Why Does the Sound of Water Help You Sleep?,” Live Science, January 2016, https://www.livescience.com/53403-why-sound-of-water-helps-you-sleep.html.

Chapter 17: Out of Touch

1. T. Field et al., “Preterm Infant Massage Therapy Research: A Review,” Infant Behavioral Development, April 2011, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844909/.

2. A. Montagu, Touching; The Human Significance of the Skin, Third Edition (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1986).

3. Daniel Goleman, “The Experience of Touch: Research Points to a Critical Role,” New York Times, February 1998, available online at https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/02/science/the-experience-of-touch-research-points-to-a-critical-role.html.

4. Matthew J. Hertenstein et al., “The Communication of Emotion via Touch,” Emotion, August 2009, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653781.

5. Valeria Gazzola, “Primary Somatosensory Cortex Discriminates Affective Significance in Social Touch,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2012, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3382530/.

6. Michael Kraus and Dacher Keltner, “Tactile Communication, Cooperation, and Performance: An Ethological Study of the NBA,” Emotion, October 2010, available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47642304_Tactile_Communication_Cooperation_and_Performance_An_Ethological_Study_of_the_NBA.

7. E. Sommers et al., “Providers of Complementary and Alternative Health Services in Boston Respond to September 11,” American Journal of Public Health, 2002, available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447287/.

8. Ian McCafferty, “In Safe Hands: Massage & PTSD,” May 2016, Massage Therapy Journal, available online at https://www.amtamassage.org/articles/3/MTJ/detail/3484/in-safe-hands-massage-ptsd.

9. B. Ditzen et al., “Effects of Different Kinds of Couple Interaction on Cortisol and Heart Rate Responses to Stress in Women,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2007; “Healing Touch: Hands-on Help for the Heart?,” Harvard Health Publishing, March 2014, available online at https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/Healing_touch_Hands-on_help_for_the_heart.

Chapter 18: Mindfulness—Tidy Up Your Mind to Stand Taller

1. “Moving through Time: Thinking of the Past or Future Causes Us to Sway Backward or Forward,” Science Daily, January 2010, available online at https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100121135859.htm.

2. Vivian Giang, “The Surprising and Powerful Links Between Posture and Mood,” Fast Company, January 2015, available online at https://www.fastcompany.com/3041688/the-surprising-and-powerful-links-between-posture-and-mood.

3. Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (New York: HarperTorch, 2006), 303.

4. Lucette Lagnado, “U.S. Probes Use of Antipsychotic Drugs on Children,” Wall Street Journal, August 2013, available online at https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-probes-use-of-antipsychotic-drugs-on-children-1376275176.

5. “New Survey Reveals Extent, Impact of Information Overload on Workers; From Boston to Beijing, Professionals Feel Overwhelmed, Demoralized,” LexisNexis, October 2010, available online at https://www.lexisnexis.com/en-us/about-us/media/press-release.page?id=128751276114739.

6. Robert Sapolsky, Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers, 3rd Edition (New York: Holt Paperbacks, 2004): 16–17.

7. Daniel J. Siegel, Aware (New York: Tarcher Perigree, 2018), 337–338.

8. Kevin Yackle et al., “Breathing Control Center Neurons That Promote Arousal in Mice,” Science, March 2017, available online at http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6332/1411.

9. Alice Park, “This Is the Fastest Way to Calm Down,” Time, March 2017, available online at http://time.com/4718723/deep-breathing-meditation-calm-anxiety/.

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