Note on the Texts

This volume collects early twentieth-century American writing about World War I and its immediate aftermath, bringing together news­paper and magazine articles, diary entries, letters, addresses, speeches, essays, memoranda, manifestos, diplomatic notes, judicial opinions, psychological studies, literary sketches, poems, songs, and excerpts from narratives and memoirs written by participants and observers and dealing with events in the period from June 1914 to November 1921. A coda collects three works—“Soldier’s Home” (1925) by Ernest Hemingway, “my sweet old etcetera” (1926) by E. E. Cummings, and “The Body of an American,” the concluding episode in 1919 (1932) by John Dos Passos—that are presented as examples of the literary response to the war by American writers who had experienced the conflict firsthand. Some of these documents were not written for publication, and some of them existed only in typescript or manuscript form during the lifetimes of the persons who wrote them. With six exceptions, the texts presented in this volume are taken from printed sources. In cases where there is only one printed source for a document, the text offered here comes from that source. Where there is more than one printed source for a document, the text printed in this volume is taken from the source that appears to contain the fewest editorial alterations in the spelling, capitalization, paragraphing, and punctuation of the original. In five instances where no printed sources (or no complete printed sources) were available, the texts in this volume are printed from typescripts or manuscripts. The lyrics for the song “On Patrol in No Man’s Land” are taken from a recorded performance by its composer, James Reese Europe, that contains lyrics not found in the printed sheet music.

This volume prints texts as they appear in the sources listed below, but with a few alterations in editorial procedure. The bracketed conjectural readings of editors, in cases where original manuscripts or printed texts were damaged or difficult to read, are accepted without brackets in this volume when those readings seem to be the only possible ones; but when they do not, or when the editor made no conjecture, the missing word or words are indicated by a bracketed two-em space, i.e., [  ]. In cases where a typographical error or obvious misspelling in manuscript was marked by earlier editors with “[sic],” the present volume omits the “[sic]” and corrects the typographical error or slip of the pen. In some cases, obvious errors were not marked by earlier editors with “[sic]” but were printed and then followed by a bracketed correction; in these instances, this volume removes the brackets and accepts the editorial emendation. Bracketed editorial insertions used in the source texts to supply dates and locations have been deleted in this volume. In instances where canceled, but still legible, words were printed in the source texts with lines through the deleted material, this volume omits the canceled words.

The texts of the remarks by John J. Pershing to the officers of the 1st Division, the letter by Pershing to the Supreme War Council, and the speech to the court by Eugene V. Debs were presented as quoted material in the sources used in this volume, with quotation marks placed at the beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the text; this volume omits the quotation marks.

In The Slaughterhouse Province: An American Diplomat’s Report on the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917 (1989), edited by Susan K. Blair, the texts of the dispatches sent by Leslie Davis to Henry Morgenthau on June 30 and July 11, 1915, are taken from the documents in the State Department records in the National Archives. The texts printed in The Slaughterhouse Province include parenthetical file number references that were added to the dispatches after they were forwarded from the American embassy in Constantinople to the Department of State in Washington, D.C. For example, at 155.5–6, “dispatches of April 19th, May 5th and June 2nd referred to” appears in The Slaughterhouse Province as “dispatches of April 19th, May 5th and June 2nd (file No. 840.1) referred to,” and at 155.13, “in my cipher dispatch of June 24th I gave” appears as “in my cipher dispatch of June 24th (File No. 300/840.1/703) I gave.” This volume prints the texts of the dispatches and omits the added parenthetical file number references.

The following is a list of the documents included in this volume, in the order of their appearance, giving the source of each text. The most common source is indicated by this abbreviation:

PWW

The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, ed. Arthur S. Link (69 vols., Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966–1994). Volume 30 (1979), Volume 33 (1980), Volume 36 (1981), Volume 40 (1982), Volume 41 (1983), Volume 42 (1983), Volume 45 (1984), Volume 49 (1985), Volume 51 (1985), Volume 59 (1988), Volume 61 (1989), Volume 62 (1990), Volume 63 (1990). Copyright © 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990 by Princeton University Press. Used by permission of Princeton University Press via Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.

The New York Times: Heir to Austria’s Throne Is Slain. The New York Times, June 29, 1914.

Hugh Gibson: from A Journal from Our Legation in Belgium. Hugh Gibson, A Journal from Our Legation in Belgium (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1917), 3–10.

Walter Hines Page: Memorandum, August 2, 1914. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life and Letters of Walter H. Page, vol. I (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1922), 301–3.

Hugo Münsterberg to the Boston Herald. Boston Herald, August 5, 1914.

Walter Hines Page to Woodrow Wilson, August 9, 1914. PWW, vol. 30, 366–94.

Woodrow Wilson: Statement on Neutrality, August 18, 1914. PWW, vol. 30, 393–94.

Richard Harding Davis to the New York Tribune, August 21 and 30, 1914. New York Tribune, August 24 and 31, 1914.

Theodore Roosevelt to Hugo Münsterberg, October 3, 1914. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. VIII, ed. Elting E. Morison (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954), 822–25. Copyright © 1954 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Copyright © renewed 1982 by Elting Elmore Morison.

W.E.B. Du Bois: World War and the Color Line. The Crisis, November 1914.

Nellie Bly to the New York Evening Journal, October 30 and November 10, 1914. Nellie Bly, Around the World in Seventy-Two Days and Other Writings, ed. Jean Marie Lutes (New York: Penguin Books, 2014), 287–90, 296–99.

George Santayana: The Logic of Fanaticism. The New Republic, November 28, 1914.

Alfred Bryan: I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier. “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier,” lyrics by Alfred Bryan, music by Al Piantadosi (New York: Leo. Feist, 1915).

Edith Wharton: In Argonne. Scribner’s Magazine, June 1915.

John Reed: Goutchevo and the Valley of Corpses. John Reed, The War in Eastern Europe (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916), 94–106.

Charles E. Lauriat, Jr.: from The Lusitania’s Last Voyage. Charles E. Lauriat, Jr., The Lusitania’s Last Voyage: Being a Narrative of the Torpedoing and Sinking of the R.M.S. Lusitania by a German Submarine off the Irish Coast, May 7, 1915 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1915), 7–34.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to Naturalized Citizens at Convention Hall, Philadelphia, May 10, 1915. PWW, vol. 33, 147–50.

The New York Times: Roosevelt for Prompt Action. The New York Times, May 12, 1915.

William Jennings Bryan to Gottlieb von Jagow, May 13, 1915. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1915, Supplement, The World War (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1928), 393–96.

Henry Morgenthau to William Jennings Bryan, May 25, 1915. United States Official Records on the Armenian Genocide 1915–1917, ed. Ara Sarafian (London: Gomidas Institute, 2004), 32–34.

W.E.B. Du Bois: Lusitania. The Crisis, June 1915.

Robert Lansing to Gottlieb von Jagow, June 9, 1915. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1915, Supplement, The World War (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1928), 436–38.

John Reed: Zalezchik the Terrible. John Reed, The War in Eastern Europe (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916), 137–43.

Edith Wharton: In the North. Scribner’s Magazine, November 1915.

Henry James to Herbert Henry Asquith, June 28, 1915. Henry James Letters, vol. IV, ed. Leon Edel (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984), 764. Copyright © 1984 by Leon Edel, editorial. Copyright © 1984 Alexander R. James, James copyright material.

Leslie Davis to Henry Morgenthau, June 30 and July 11, 1915. Leslie A. Davis, The Slaughterhouse Province: An American Diplomat’s Report on the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917, ed. Susan K. Blair (New Rochelle, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas, 1989), 143–55.

Henry Morgenthau to Robert Lansing, July 16, 1915. United States Official Records on the Armenian Genocide 1915–1917, ed. Ara Sarafian (London: Gomidas Institute, 2004), 55.

Jane Addams: The Revolt Against War. The Survey, July 17, 1915.

Richard Harding Davis to The New York Times. The New York Times, July 13, 1915.

Alan Seeger: Diary, September 16–September 24, 1915, and to Elsie Simmons Seeger, October 25, 1915. Letters and Diary of Alan Seeger (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917), 155–73.

James Norman Hall: Damaged Trenches. James Norman Hall, Kitchener’s Mob: The Adventures of an American in the British Army (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1916), 159–71.

Henry Morgenthau to Robert Lansing, November 4, 1915. United States Official Records on the Armenian Genocide 1915–1917, ed. Ara Sarafian (London: Gomidas Institute, 2004), 316–19.

Theodore Roosevelt to William Castle, Jr., November 13, 1915. Typescript with manuscript additions, Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC 00782.19.

Emma Goldman: Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter. Mother Earth, December 1915.

George E. Riis to The Daily Brooklyn Eagle, January 6, 1916.

Alan Seeger: I Have a Rendezvous with Death. Alan Seeger, Poems (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916), 144.

Ellen N. La Motte: Alone. Ellen N. La Motte, The Backwash of War: The Human Wreckage of the Battlefield as Witnessed by an American Hospital Nurse (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916), 49–59.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to Congress, April 19, 1916. PWW, vol. 36, 506–10.

William B. Seabrook: from Diary of Section VIII. William B. Seabrook, Diary of Section VIII, American Ambulance Field Service (Boston: Thomas Todd Co. printers, 1917), 11–15.

Victor Chapman to John Jay Chapman, June 1, 1916. Victor Chapman’s Letters from France (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1917), 182–86.

Mary Borden: Conspiracy. Mary Borden, The Forbidden Zone (London: Hesperus Press Limited, 2008), 79–81. Copyright © Patrick Aylmer 1929, 2008. Used by permission.

Herbert Bayard Swope: Boelcke, Knight of the Air. Herbert Bayard Swope, Inside the German Empire in the third year of the war (New York: The Century Co., 1917), 226–41.

Theodore Roosevelt: Speech at Cooper Union, November 3, 1916. Americanism and Preparedness: Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, July to November, 1916 (New York: The Mail and Express Job Print, 1917), 135–45.

John Jay Chapman to the Harvard Alumni Bulletin. Harvard Alumni Bulletin, January 4, 1917.

Robert Frost: Not to Keep. The Yale Review, January 1917.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to the Senate, January 22, 1917. PWW, vol. 40, 533–39.

H. L. Mencken: “The Diary of a Retreat”: Berlin At Time of Break. Baltimore Sun, March 10, 1917.

Robert Lansing: Memorandum on the Severance of Diplomatic Relations with Germany, February 4, 1917. PWW, vol. 41, 118–25.

New York Tribune: Germany Asks Mexico to Seek Alliance with Japan for War on U.S. New York Tribune, March 1, 1917.

Edmond C. C. Genet: Diary, March 19–24, 1917. An American for Lafayette: The Diaries of E.C.C. Genet, Lafayette Escadrille, ed. Walt Brown, Jr. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981), 164–71. Copyright © 1981 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. Used by permission of the University Press of Virginia.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to Congress on War with Germany, April 2, 1917. PWW, vol. 41, 519–27.

George Norris: Speech in the U.S. Senate, April 4, 1917. Congressional Record, 65th Congress, 1st Session, 212–14.

George M. Cohan: Over There. “Over There,” words and music by George M. Cohan (New York: Leo. Feist, 1917).

Majority Report of the St. Louis Socialist Convention. The American Socialists and the War: A Documentary History of the Attitude of the Socialist Party toward War and Militarism Since the Outbreak of the Great War, ed. Alexander Trachtenberg (New York: The Rand School of Social Science, 1917), 39–43.

Walter Lippman: The World Conflict in Its Relation to American Democracy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, July 1917, 1–10.

Herbert Hoover: Introduction to Women of Belgium. Charlotte Kellogg, Women of Belgium: Turning Tragedy into Triumph (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1917), vii–xviii.

The New York Times: German Airmen Kill 97, Hurt 437 in London Raid. The New York Times, June 14, 1917.

Woodrow Wilson: Flag Day Address in Washington, D.C., June 14, 1917. PWW, vol. 42, 498–504.

Randolph Bourne: The War and the Intellectuals. The Seven Arts, June 1917.

Carlos F. Hurd to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 3, 1917. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 3, 1917.

Norman Thomas: War’s Heretics, a Plea for the Conscientious Ob­jector. The Survey, August 4, 1917.

Jessie Fauset to The Survey. The Survey, August 18, 1917.

John Dos Passos to Rumsey Marvin, August 23, 1917. The Fourteenth Chronicle: Letters and Diaries of John Dos Passos, ed. Townsend Ludington (Boston: Gambit Incorporated, 1973), 91–93. Copyright © 1973 by Elizabeth H. Dos Passos and Townsend Ludington. Used by permission of Lucy Dos Passos Coggin.

Martha Gruening: Houston, an N.A.A.C.P. Investigation. The Crisis, November 1917.

Dorothy Canfield Fisher to Sarah Cleghorn, September 5, 1917. Keeping Fires Night and Day: Selected Letters of Dorothy Canfield Fisher, ed. Mark J. Madigan (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993), 71–73. Copyright © 1993 by the Curators of the University of Missouri. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Used by permission.

James Weldon Johnson: Experienced Men Wanted. James Weldon Johnson: Writings, ed. William L. Andrews (New York: Library of America, 2004), 630–32.

Carrie Chapman Catt: Votes for All. The Crisis, November 1917.

Mary Borden: Unidentified. The English Review, December 1917.

Charles J. Biddle: from The Way of the Eagle. Charles J. Biddle, The Way of the Eagle (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1919), 124–31.

Bernice Evans: The Sayings of Patsy. Rendezvous with Death: American Poems of the Great War, ed. Mark W. Van Wienen (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 205–7. © 2002 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to Congress on War Aims, January 8, 1918. PWW, vol. 45, 534–39.

Shirley Millard: from I Saw Them Die. I Saw Them Die: Diary and Recollections of Shirley Millard, ed. Adele Comandini (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company Inc., 1936), 9–16. Copyright © 1936 by Shirley Millard. Used by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

John J. Pershing: Remarks to the Officers of the 1st Division, April 16, 1918. John J. Pershing, My Experiences in the World War, vol. I (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1931), 393–95. Copyright, 1931, by John J. Pershing.

Shirley Millard: from I Saw Them Die. I Saw Them Die: Diary and Recollections of Shirley Millard, ed. Adele Comandini (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company Inc., 1936), 35–45. Copyright © 1936 by Shirley Millard. Used by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Floyd Gibbons: Wounded—How It Feels To Be Shot. Floyd Gibbons, “And They Thought We Wouldn’t Fight” (New York: George H. Doran Company, 1918), 305–22.

Frederick A. Pottle: from Stretchers. Frederick A. Pottle, Stretchers: The Story of a Hospital Unit on the Western Front (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1929), 98–114. Copyright 1929 by Yale University Press. Used by permission of Yale University Press.

James Weldon Johnson: “Why Should a Negro Fight?” James Weldon Johnson: Writings, ed. William L. Andrews (New York: Library of America, 2004), 632–36.

W.E.B. Du Bois: Close Ranks. The Crisis, July 1918.

Hubert H. Harrison: Why Is the Red Cross? Hubert H. Harrison, When Africa Awakes: The “Inside Story” of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World (New York: The Porro Press, 1920), 27–29.

Ernest Hemingway to His Family, July 21, 1918. The Letters of Ernest Hemingway, vol. 1, ed. Sandra Spanier and Robert W. Trogdon (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 117–19. The Letters of Ernest Hemingway copyright © 2015 by The Ernest Hemingway Foundation and Society (in the USA) and the Hemingway Foreign Rights Trust (outside the USA). Used by permission of Cambridge University Press.

Woodrow Wilson: Statement on Lynching, July 26, 1918. PWW, vol. 49, 97–98.

James Reese Europe: On Patrol in No Man’s Land. “On Patrol in No Man’s Land,” vocal by Lieut. Noble Sissle, accompanied by Lieut. Jim Europe’s 369th Infantry (“Hellfighters”) Band. Pathé Frères Phonograph Co., 22089 B, 1919. Recording accessed at https://youtu.be/wpFCuZ-B4j0, August 18, 2016.

Shirley Millard: from I Saw Them Die. I Saw Them Die: Diary and Recollections of Shirley Millard, ed. Adele Comandini (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company Inc., 1936), 78–81. Copyright © 1936 by Shirley Millard. Used by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Hervey Allen: from Toward the Flame. Hervey Allen, Toward the Flame: A War Diary (New York: Farrar & Rinehart Incorporated, 1934), 200–277. Copyright © 1926, 1934 by Hervey Allen. Used by permission of the University of Nebraska Press.

Ernest Hemingway to His Family, August 18, 1918. The Letters of Ernest Hemingway, vol. 1, ed. Sandra Spanier and Robert W. Trogdon (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 130–33. The Letters of Ernest Hemingway copyright © 2015 by The Ernest Hemingway Foundation and Society (in the USA) and the Hemingway Foreign Rights Trust (outside the USA). Used by permission of Cambridge University Press.

Frederick Trevenen Edwards to Frederick Edwards, September 12, 1918. Fort Sheridan to Montfaucon: The War Letters of Frederick Trevenen Edwards (DeLand, FL: E. O. Painter Printing Co., 1954), 262–66. Copyright, 1954, by Elizabeth Satterthwait.

Eugene V. Debs: Speech to the Court, September 14, 1918. David Karsner, Debs: His Authorized Life and Letters (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1919), 48–54.

Willa Cather: Roll Call on the Prairies. The Red Cross Magazine, July 1919.

Ashby Williams: from Experiences of the Great War. Ashby Williams, Experiences of the Great War: Artois, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne (Roanoke, VA: The Stone Printing and Manufacturing Co., 1919), 78–79.

Edward C. Lukens: from A Blue Ridge Memoir. Edward C. Lukens, A Blue Ridge Memoir (Baltimore: Sun Print, 1922), 59–65.

Horace Pippin: from “Autobiography, First World War.” “Horace Pippin’s Autobiography, First World War.” Manuscript, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Ernest W. Gibson: from “History of First Vermont and 57th Pioneer Infantry.” Biennial Report of the Adjutant, Inspector and Quartermaster General of the State of Vermont for the Two Years ending June 30, 1920 (Rutland, VT: The Tuttle Company, 1920), 27–29.

Henry A. May: from History of the U.S.S. Leviathan. History of the U.S.S. Leviathan, Cruiser and Transport Forces, United States Atlantic Fleet, compiled from the Ship’s Log and data gathered by the History Committee on board the ship (Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Eagle Job Department, n.d. [1919]), 159–63.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to the Senate on Woman Suffrage, September 30, 1918. PWW, vol. 51, 158–61.

Ashby Williams: from Experiences of the Great War. Ashby Williams, Experiences of the Great War: Artois, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne (Roanoke, VA: The Stone Printing and Manufacturing Co., 1919), 131–33.

Damon Runyon: Runyon Sees Return of Lost New York Battalion. New York American, October 13, 1918.

Woodrow Wilson: Second and Third Peace Notes to Germany, October 14 and 23, 1918. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918, Supplement 1, The World War, Volume I (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1933), 358–59, 381–83.

John J. Pershing to the Supreme War Council, October 30, 1918. John J. Pershing, My Experiences in the World War, vol. II (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1931), 366–67. Copyright, 1931, by John J. Pershing.

Harry S. Truman to Bess Wallace, November 10 and 11, 1918. Manuscript, Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, MO.

Robert J. Casey: from The Cannoneers Have Hairy Ears. Anonymous, The Cannoneers Have Hairy Ears (New York: J. H. Sears & Company, Inc., 1927), 326–30. Copyright, 1927, by J. H. Spears & Co., Incorporated.

Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant: from Shadow-Shapes. Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant, Shadow-Shapes: The Journal of a Wounded Woman, October 1918–May 1919 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1920), 170–86.

Sam M. Lewis and Joe Young: How ’Ya Gonna Keep ’Em Down on the Farm? “How ’Ya Gonna Keep ’Em Down on the Farm?,” words by Sam M. Lewis and Joe Young, music by Walter Donaldson (New York: Waterson, Berlin & Snyder Co., 1919).

Oliver Wendell Holmes: Opinion in Schenck v. United States. Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. Reports 47 (1919), 48–53.

Ray Stannard Baker: Diary, March 8, April 3–5, and April 7, 1919. A Journalist’s Diplomatic Mission: Ray Stannard Baker’s World War I Diary, ed. John Maxwell Hamilton and Robert Mann (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2012), 294–99, 321–24, 325–28. Copyright © 2012 by John Maxwell Hamilton and Robert Mann. Used by permission of Louisiana State University Press.

Vernon E. Kniptash: Diary, March 30–April 1 and April 18–19, 1919. Vernon E. Kniptash, On the Western Front with the Rainbow Division: A World War I Diary, E. Bruce Geelhoed (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009), 192–93, 204–5. Copyright © 2009 by the University of Oklahoma Press. Used by permission of University of Oklahoma Press.

Elmer W. Sherwood: Diary, April 18–21, 1919. A Soldier in World War I: The Diary of Elmer W. Sherwood, ed. Robert H. Ferrell (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2004), 160–63. © 2004 Indiana Historical Society Press. Used by permission of the Indiana Historical Society Press.

Clyde D. Eoff to Josephine Eoff, April 28, 1919. Typescript, Clyde D. Eoff World War One correspondence collection (2014.023.w), Center for American War Letters Archives, Chapman University, CA. Used by permission.

W.E.B. Du Bois: Returning Soldiers. The Crisis, May 1919.

Charles R. Isum to W.E.B. Du Bois, May 17, 1919. Typescript, W.E.B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries.

Will Rogers: from Rogers-isms: The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference. Will Rogers, Rogers-isms: The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1919), 2–4, 20, 21–22, 27, 41–42.

Woodrow Wilson: Memorial Day Address at Suresnes, May 30, 1919. PWW, vol. 59, 606–10.

Claude McKay: The Little Peoples. The Liberator, July 1919.

George Creel: The “Second Lines.” George Creel, How We Advertised America: The First Telling of the Amazing Story of the Committee on Public Information that Carried the Gospel of Americanism to Every Corner of the Globe (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1920), 3–15.

Woodrow Wilson: Address to the Senate on the League of Nations, July 10, 1919. PWW, vol. 61, 426–36.

Newton D. Baker and Woodrow Wilson: An Exchange, July 23–July 31, 1919. PWW, vol. 61, 611, and vol. 62, 69.

Henry Cabot Lodge: Speech in the U.S. Senate, August 12, 1919. American Speeches: Political Oratory from Abraham Lincoln to Bill Clinton, ed. Ted Widmer (New York: Library of America, 2006), 327–55.

W. A. Domingo and Claude McKay: “If We Must Die.” The Messenger, September 1919.

Woodrow Wilson: Speech at Pueblo, Colorado, September 25, 1919. PWW, vol. 63, 500–513.

Oliver Wendell Holmes: Dissenting Opinion in Abrams v. United States, November 10, 1919. Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. Reports 616 (1919), 624–31.

William N. Vaile: Before the Buford Sailed. The New York Times, January 11, 1920.

Ezra Pound: from Hugh Selwyn Mauberley. Hugh Selwyn Mauberley by E. P. (London: The Ovid Press, 1920), 12–13.

Norman Fenton: from Shell Shock and Its Aftermath. Norman Fenton, Shell Shock and Its Aftermath (St. Louis, MO: The C.V. Mosby Company, 1926), 91–94. Copyright, 1926, by The C.V. Mosby Company.

Frederick Palmer: from The Folly of Nations. Frederick Palmer, The Folly of Nations (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1921), 315–23.

Ludwig Lewisohn: Myth and Blood. Ludwig Lewisohn, Up Stream: An American Chronicle (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1922), 198–219.

Warren G. Harding: Address at the Burial of an Unknown American Soldier. Address of the President of the United States at the Ceremonies Attending the Burial of an Unknown American Soldier in Arlington Cemetery, November 11, 1921, Senate Documents Vol. 9, 67th Congress, 1st Session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1921), 3–6.

CODA

Ernest Hemingway: Soldier’s Home. Ernest Hemingway, In Our Time (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1930), 89–101. Used by permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from In Our Time by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright © 1925, 1930 by Charles Scribner’s Sons, renewed 1953, 1958 by Ernest Hemingway. All rights reserved. Used in the United Kingdom by permission of The Random House Group Limited.

E. E. Cummings: my sweet old etcetera. E. E. Cummings, is 5 (New York: Liveright, 1996), 70. Copyright © 1926, 1954, 1991 by the Trustees for the E. E. Cummings Trust. Copyright © 1985 by George James Firmage, from Complete Poems: 1904–1962 by E. E. Cummings, edited by George J. Firmage. Used by permission of Liveright Publishing Corporation.

John Dos Passos: The Body of An American. John Dos Passos, 1919 (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1932), 467–73. Copyright, 1932, by John Dos Passos. © renewed 1959 by John Dos Passos. Used by permission of Lucy Dos Passos Coggin.

This volume presents the texts of the printings, typescripts, and manuscripts chosen as sources here but does not attempt to reproduce features of their typographic design or physical layout. In the texts that have been printed from manuscript, the beginnings of sentences have been capitalized and punctuation at the end of sentences and closing quotation marks have been supplied. The texts are printed without alteration except for the changes previously discussed and for the correction of typographical errors. Spelling, punctuation, and capitalization are often expressive features, and they are not altered, even when inconsistent or irregular. The following is a list of typographical errors corrected, cited by page and line number: 10.28, Jaurés; 26.2, beseiged; 31.16, opinon,; 35.2, Curassiers; 39.6, Some, were; 48.19, than; 48.28, dispair; 110.6, gives; 139.38, dust discomfort; 155.10, schools In; 161.32, it going; 166.33, among; 167.34, intent; 187.25, separted; 212.10, proposes; 214.24, anykind; 218.2–3, unscruplous; 219.13, up and; 220.4, phenominally; 223.14, artifically.; 230.23, subime; 237.21, 1915.; 262.32, the the days; 272.5, George III.; 282.28, sharpened; 288.8, Lokal-Anzeiger;; 297.11, preceeding; 312.2, definate; 335.28, “defense”,; 355.6, stedfast; 361.13, hospital.”; 362.16, winudow; 364.17, over the; 370.13, its; 389.7, weer; 389.16, an another; 392.28, through; 393.12, weer; 420.39, allleged,; 442.7, wont; 471.1, Germans; 478.14, eye lid; 482.22, its; 496.30, this a; 499.31, off; 502.12, Christans; 528.11, was was; 559.20, rap stand; 599.20, predelections; 601.21, posesses,; 608.12, cpm; 608.15, dacks; 611.28, throwers came; 611.31, Whitlesey; 621.30, comming; 665.27, accomplishes The; 666.33, biding; 668.1, at and; 668.32, that; 669.6, way;; 675.12, there there; 763.15, Czecko-Slovaks; 786.3, civilizations; 791.9, 1919; 791.10, brute.’; 791.15, 1919; 791.25, again; 792.5, beastiality.; 801.37, multilate; 818.12, Kreb’s.