SECTION IV
Appendices

1. A REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR MUSIC FUNDAMENTALS
2. B INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTOHARP®, CHROMAHARP®, QCHORD®, SOPRANO RECORDER, AND GUITAR
3. C A COLLECTION OF CHANTS, PROVERBS, AND POEMS
4. D RESOURCES FOR ELEMENTARY TEACHERS
5. E RESOURCES FOR CHILDREN

Appendix A
Reference Material for Music Fundamentals

Rhythm Notation

Rhythm Duration and Syllable Systems

Time Signatures

Time or meter signatures are the two numbers, one above the other, that appear at the beginning of a piece of music. The top number specifies the beat grouping (or meter), and the bottom number indicates the note that receives the beat.

Conducting Patterns

Pitch Notation

The Staff

Pitches are notated on a staff of five lines and four spaces. Short lines called ledger lines can be added above or below the staff to extend the range of pitches. The stems go up on the right on notes below the middle line of the staff and down on the left on notes on or above the middle line.

Clefs: Treble and Bass

The seven letters A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are repeated over and over to name the pitches. The treble clef or G clef sign is used for higher pitches and curls around the second line, G. The bass clef or F clef is used for lower pitches and identifies the fourth line as F.

Treble and Bass Clef Notation

Accidentals

Accidentals are signs introduced before a note to change the pitch for one measure only. They are placed in the same space or on the same line as the note head:

• # (sharp): raises the pitch one half step
• ♭ (flat): lowers the pitch one half step
• ♮ (natural): cancels a preceding sharp or flat
• (double sharp): raises the pitch of a sharped note an additional half step
• (double flat): lowers the pitch of a flatted note an additional half step

Scales

The chromatic scale is a 12-tone scale consisting entirely of half steps.

Curwen/Glover Hand Signs

Frequently Used Major Scales (with Piano Fingerings)

Frequently Used Minor Scales (with Piano Fingerings)

Circle of Fifths (Major and Minor Keys)

Key Signatures for Major and Minor Scales

Identifying Major and Minor from Key Signatures

• In a key signature of sharps, the sharp farthest right is 7 (ti). The next line or space above (one half step above) is 1 or 8 (do), the tonic for major. 6 (la) is the tonic for minor.
• In a key signature of flats, the next to the last flat is 1 or 8 (do), the tonic for major. (You have to memorize that the key of F has one flat.) 6 (la) is the tonic for minor.
• The major and minor keys paired inside the circle share the same key signature, so they are relative keys.

Intervals

An interval is the distance between two notes. Intervals are identified by number and quality. To determine the number identification, count the number of steps covered by the two notes (including steps on which both notes appear). To determine the quality of each interval, count the exact number of half steps between the two notes.

Intervals of the C Major Scale

Intervals of seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths are always major; unisons, fourths, fifths, and octaves are always perfect.

Interval Quality

• A minor interval is a half step smaller than a major interval.
• A diminished interval is a half step smaller than a perfect interval.
• An augmented interval is a half step larger than a perfect interval.

Chords

Triad: Three-note chord built in thirds.

Major triads include a major third (four half steps) and a minor third (three half steps). Minor triads include a minor third and a major third.

1428

Seventh chord: Four-note chord built in thirds.

Chords in Selected Major Keys

Chords in Selected Minor Keys

Musical Terms and Signs

Dynamic Terms and Signs

Tempo Terms

accelerando (accel.), gradually increasing tempo	a tempo, return to original tempo largo, very slow
adagio, slowly, leisurely	lento, slow
allegretto, moderately fast	moderato, moderately
allegro, fast, lively	presto, very rapidly
andante, moderately	ritardando (rit.), gradually slower and slower
andantino, slightly faster than andante	vivace, animated, lively

Additional Signs and Symbols

• Da capo (D.C.), from the start
• D.C. al Fine, from the start, ending at Fine
• Dal segno (D.S.), from the sign
• D.S. al Fine, from the sign, ending at Fine
• Fermata , hold
• Fine, the end

Appendix B
Introduction to the Autoharp®, Chromaharp®, QChord®, Soprano Recorder, and Guitar

Learning to read music and understand how music "works" greatly increases one's enjoyment of music. This section provides introductory information about playing several popular classroom instruments. The Autoharp® and Chromaharp® are essentially identical zither-like instruments while QChord® is a digital song card guitar. These instruments are primarily chordal instruments so are excellent choices for accompanying singing in the elementary classroom. The soprano recorder is a very popular instrument and is used to play melodies. The instructional materials on these instruments are intended for the adult/teacher as he or she develops instrumental skills. However, all of the instruments are often played by both teachers and students in the elementary classroom. Using music software programs such as Music Ace and Alfred's Essentials of Music Theory for individualized study and practice will significantly enrich and enhance both music reading skills and music fundamentals study.

The Autoharp®, the Chromaharp®, and the QChord ®

The Autoharp®, Chromaharp®, and QChord® are portable instruments that can produce chords to accompany singing. Because they are relatively easy instruments to learn to play, both students and teachers can enjoy performing chordal accompaniments for classroom songs.

The Autoharp and the Chromaharp

Autoharp® and Chromaharp® are trade names for the chorded zither—a chordal, stringed instrument that is strummed while chord bars are depressed. The chorded zither has long been an important accompanying instrument for folksingers in the Appalachian hill country and the Ozark Mountains.

Chromaharp®. Courtesy of Rhythm Band Instruments Inc.

There are several models of the Autoharp® and Chromaharp®. The 12-chord and the 15-chord models are the ones generally used in elementary classrooms. Five-, 21-, and 27-chord models are also available, as is an electric model that includes a microphone pickup for use with an amplifier. A diagram of the bar arrangements of the 12-chord and 15-chord instruments follows:

Playing Position

There are several ways to hold and play the Autoharp® and Chromaharp®. The traditional Appalachian playing position requires holding the instrument upright (in a slightly diagonal position) with the left hand pressing the chord bars and the right hand crossing over the left to strum the strings (see photo, p. 32). The easier playing position and the one most used for children is placing the instrument on a table, one's lap, or on the floor.

• Place the instrument on your lap or on a table in front of you, with the longest side near you.
• Rest your left hand on the chord buttons. By pressing a button on a chord bar, you damp (silence) certain strings. Those strings that sound are the pitches of the chord indicated on the chord bar.
• Use your right hand to strum across the strings with the fingernail of your index finger. (Or use a plastic or felt pick.) Strumming is usually to the left of the chord bars in a crossover fashion, but beginners may more comfortably strum to the right of the chord bars.
• Strum from near your body, and swing your hand outward across the strings (lower to higher).
• See strumming patterns and special effects that can be created on the companion website.

Tuning an Autoharp^® or A chromaharp^®

An Autoharp® or a Chromaharp® must be kept in tune. Because frequency of use and the weather affect the instrument, occasional tunings are necessary. The instrument can be tuned quickly and accurately with an electronic chromatic tuner.

The Qchord^®

The QChord®, a digital song card guitar, is an electionic instrument that is used in similar ways to the Autoharp® and Chromaharp® – mostly to accompany singing. The instrument is totally self-contained with a built-in amplifier. It is both small and portable, weighing only 4 pounds. Shaped to suggest an electric guitar, the QChord®, can be played on a tabletop, or in guitar position when a guitar strap is added. It will simultaneously produce chords in a choice of rhythms and style.

QChord®. Courtesy of Suzuki Corporation

Preprogrammed Chords and Preset Rhythms

The QChord® comes with 84 preprogrammed chords and can be programmed to play a repeating series of chords for the song of your choice. With just the touch of a button, the QChord® can provide an automatic bass line for a song, or program an introduction and ending, or add a "drum fill." When a player strums the plate, ten different timbres are readily available: guitar, banjo, piano, organ, flute, chimes, brass, synthesizer, and vibes. (Players have to be careful to release each chord completely before moving to a different one.) Rather than strum, the player can choose from ten preset rhythms, such as waltz, march, rock, and country. Controls for volume and tempo are available for both chords and rhythms.

Obviously, the instrument offers a multitude of ways for teachers to accompany songs. Older children are fascinated with learning how to play the QChord® to accompany singing.

Selected Songs for Autoharp^®, Chromaharp^®, or Qchord^® Accompaniment

The following songs use one, two, and three chords and are found in Section III or in the Recorder section in this Appendix.

One-Chord Songs	Chord
“Sally, Go ’Round the Sun”	C
“Down Came a Lady”	G
“Suo Gan”	G
“Frere Jacques!”	F
“Good Morning Song”	F
“Wake Me!”	F
“Candles of Hanukkah”	Dm
“Shalom, Chaverim”	Dm
“Zum Gali Gali”	Dm
Two-Chord Songs	Chords
“Riding in the Buggy”	C, G7
“Do as I’m Doing”	C, G7
“Tideo”	C, G7
“Hey, Lidee”	C, G7
“Jim-Along, Josie”	C, G7
“Looby Loo”	C, G7
“Wishy Washy Wee”	C, G7
“Lovely Evening”	C, F
“Bow, Belinda”	D, A7
“Matarile”	D, A7
“Shoo, Fly”	D, A7
“Long-Legged Sailor”	F, C7
“Sandy Land”	F, C7
“Eency, Weency Spider”	F, C7
“Hush Little Baby”	F, C7
“Circle Right”	G, D7
“Down in the Valley”	G, D7
“Three Sailors”	G, D7
“This is Halloween”	Gm, D7
Three-Chord Songs	Chords
“Ebeneezer Sneezer”	C, F, G7
“Sarasponda”	C, F, G7
“Kum Ba Yah”	C, F, G7
“This Old Man”	C, F, G7
“Over the River and Through the Wood”	C, F, G7
“America”	C, F, G7
“Get on Board”	F, Bb, C7
“Yankee Doodle”	F, Bb, C7
“Oh, Susanna”	F, Bb, C7
“Amazing Grace”	G, C, D7
“Bingo”	G, C, D7
“Wabash Cannon Ball”	G, C, D7
“Old Brass Wagon”	G, C, D7
“Hanukkah Song”	Dm, Gm, A7

The Soprano Recorder

The recorder is a flute originally made of wood and played in a vertical position. Widely used during the Renaissance, the recorder is a popular instrument in elementary classrooms around the world. It is relatively easy to play for both teachers and students.

The Soprano Recorder (Front and Back Views)

Hand Position

• Hold the recorder at a forty-five degree angle away from the body, with arms relaxed, elbows positioned comfortably away from the body, and fingers curved.
• Use the left hand (LH) to cover the thumb hole on back and top three holes on the recorder. The right hand (RH) covers the lower holes. Be sure to cover the holes completely with the pads of the fingers, not the fingertips (see photo, p. 30).

Breathing

• Close lips firmly around the mouthpiece (slightly in front of your teeth), opening them slightly to take a breath.
• Blow a light, steady stream of air into the recorder—the control of the breath is important for producing a musical tone.

Tonguing

• Form the syllable "doo" with the tongue on the roof of the mouth behind the upper front teeth.
• Articulate each note separately—ut keep in mind the goal of a steady stream of air, briefly interrupted by the consonant d in "doo."

Playing the Recorder

What follows is a sequence of songs to play on the soprano recorder. The melodies begin with just three-notes and gradually increase to several notes. The fingerings are displayed for the melodies and a complete fingering chart is found at the conclusion of this instructional sequence.

All of the melodies can be accompanied by the Autoharp®, Chromaharp®, or QChord® (see chord symbols above the staff). Interesting strums can be created to fit a particular song. In addition, accompaniments can also be created using mallet instruments. See the instrumental accompaniment for "Hot Cross Buns" in Section III.

Recorder Songs (B, A, G Pitches)

Hot Cross Buns

Suo Gan

Au clair de la lune (In the Moonlight)

Who’s that Yonder?

Grandma Grunts

Frog in the Millpond

Hop, Old Squirrel

Recorder songs (B, A, G, C, D)

A Paris

Juba

Down Came a Lady

Mary Had a Little Lamb

Let Us Chase the Squirrel

The Old Oak Tree

Go Tell Aunt Rhody

Lightly Row

Recorder Songs (New Pitches: Low E and Low D)

Lucy Locket

Starlight, Starbright

Candles of Hanukkah

Ode to Joy (from Symphony No. 9, fourth movement)

Fingering Chart for Soprano Recorder*

Baroque (English) Fingering

Selected Melodies for Soprano Recorder

Melodies are presented according to a sequence of specific pitches as shown. Melodies arc found in Section III.

New Pitch	Song	Pitches
high C	“Jingle Bells”	G, A, B, C, D
low E	“Eena, Deena”	E, G
low E	“Bobby Shaftoe”	E, G, A
low E	“Oliver Twist”	E, G, A
low E	“Bye, Baby Bunting”	E, G, A
low F	“A Tisket, A Tasket”	E, G, A
Middle C	“Pease Porridge Hot”	C, E, G
Middle C	“It’s Raining!”	C, E, G, A
low D	“Al Citrón”	D, G, A, B
low D	“Amazing Grace”	D, E, G, A, B, D
low F	“Long-Legged Sailor”	F, G, A
low F	“When the Saints Go Marching In”	C, D, E, F, G
low F	“St. Paul’s Steeple”	C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
F#	“Matarile”	D, E, F# A
F#	“London Bridge”	D, E, F#, G, A, B
B♭	“This is Halloween”	D, F#, G, A, B♭, C, D

The Guitar

The Guitar Parts

Playing Position

• Hold the guitar with the neck at a slight upward angle, and keep the face of the instrument in an almost vertical position in relation to your body. The guitar's body can rest on your thigh.
• Position your right-hand thumb and fingers near the sound hole.
• Support the guitar's neck using the thumb of the left hand (rather than the palm of the hand). This position allows the fingers to move freely on the strings.
• Arch the left-hand fingers in a nearly vertical position while playing.

Playing Techniques

There are two ways to play the guitar – strumming and plucking. Chords can be played by strumming the strings and melodies can be played by plucking the strings.

• To strum, position your right-hand thumb and four fingers near the soundhole and use the side of the thumb to sweep downward across all strings.
• To pluck, use the side of your thumb, but pluck away from your body each string individually.

Location of Guitar Pitches

Chord diagrams for guitar playing look like the fingerboard of the guitar. They show the strings and the frets; numbers (sometimes circled) show where to place the fingers to play chords.

Frequently Used Chords for Guitar

Frequently Used Chords for Baritone Ukulele

When strumming the thumb stroke, play the string labeled R (chord root), or alternate between playing R and 5 (fifth of chord). The third finger of the left hand sometimes changes strings to play the fifth; this is indicated by a circled 3 on the chord diagram.

Selected Songs for Guitar (and Baritone Ukulele) Accompaniment

The following list includes songs that use one, two, three, and four chords. Songs are found in Section III or in the Recorder section of this Appendix.

D Major	Chords
“Bow, Belinda”	D,A7
“Galway Piper”	D,A7
“London Bridge”	D,A7
“Matarile”	D,A7
“Shoo, Fly”	D,A7
“Skip to My Lou”	D, A7
“He’s Got the Whole World”	D, A7
“Over My Head”	D, A
“Tinga Layo”	D, G, A7
“Up on the Housetop”	D, G, A7

D Minor
“Shalom, Chaverim”	Dm
“Zum Gali Gali”	Dm

E Major
“Old Texas”	E, B7

G Major
“Charlie Over the Ocean”	G
“Who’s That Yonder”	G
“Circle Right”	G, D (play D for D7)
“Down in the Valley”	G, D (play D for D7)
“Hot Cross Buns”	G, D (play D for D7)
“Mary Had a Little Lamb”	G, D (play D for D7)
“Bingo”	G, C, D7
“Amazing Grace”	G, C, D7
“Old Brass Wagon”	G, C, D7
“Wabash Cannon Ball”	G, C, D7

A Major
“Silent Night”	A, D, E7
“America the Beautiful”	A, D, E7, B7

See the companion website for information on "Tuning the Guitar" and "Chart of Strums for Guitar."

Appendix C
A Collection of Chants, Proverbs, and Poems

Chantschants

Engine, Engine

Engine, engine, number nine,
Going down the Chicago line,
If the train comes off the track,
Do you want your money back?

Pease Porridge Hot

Pease porridge hot,
Pease porridge cold,
Pease porridge in the pot
Nine days old.

Some like it hot,
Some like it cold,
Some like it in the pot
Nine days old.

Old Mother Witch

Old mother witch,
Fell in a ditch,
Picked up a penny,
Thought she was rich.

Teddy Bear

Teddy bear, Teddy bear,
Turn around.
Teddy bear, Teddy bear,
Touch the ground.
Teddy bear, Teddy bear,
Show your shoe.
Teddy bear, Teddy bear,
That will do.

Bubble Gum

Bubble gum, bubble gum,
Chew and blow;
Bubble gum, bubble gum,
Scrape your toe.
Bubble gum, bubble gum,
Tastes so sweet;
Get that bubble gum
off your feet!

Oliver Twist

Oliver Twist can't do this,
Touch his knees, touch his toes,
Clap his hands and over he goes.

Eena, Deena

Eena, deena, dina, duss.
Katla, weena, wina, wuss.
Spit, spot, must be done.
Twiddlum, twaddlum, twenty-one.

Raindrops

Pitter, patter, raindrops,
Splitter, splatter, raindrops,
Windshield wipers, windshield wipers,
Swish, swish, swish

Five Little Monkeys

Five little monkeys, jumping on the bed,
One fell off and bumped his head.
Mama called the doctor and the doctor said:
"No more monkeys jumping on the bed!"

Doctor Foster

Doctor Foster went to Gloucester
In a shower of rain.
He stepped in a puddle right up to his middle,
And he never went there again.

Five Little Pumpkins

Five little pumpkins sitting on a gate.
The first one said, "Oh, my, it's getting late!"
The second one said, "There are witches in the air!"
The third one said, "But I don't care!"
The fourth one said, "Let's go and have some fun!"
The fifth one said, "Let's run, run, run, run, run!"
Then "Oooo" went the wind, and out went the light,
And the five little pumpkins rolled out of sight.

Wee Willie Winkie

Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town,
Upstairs and downstairs, in his nightgown;
Rapping at the window, crying through the lock,
"Are the children in their beds?
Now it's eight o'clock."

(Mother Goose)

Ice Cream Soda

Ice cream soda,
Delaware punch.
Tell me the name of your
Honeybunch.

Acka Backa

Acka backa soda cracker,
Acka backa boo.
Acka backa soda cracker,
Out goes you.

The Elephant

The elephant carries a great big trunk,
He never packs it with clothes.
It has no lock and it has no key,
But he takes it wherever he goes.

Jack and Jill

Jack and Jill went up the hill
To fetch a pail of water.
Jack fell down and broke his crown
And Jill came tumbling after.

Up Jack got and home he did trot
As fast as he could caper.
He went to bed to mend his head
In vinegar and brown paper.

(Mother Goose)

Bumblebee

Bee, bee, bumblebee,
Stung a man upon his knee,
Stung a pig upon his snout,
Goodness gracious, you are out!

Rima de Chocolate

Uno, dos, tres, CHO-
(cuente con los dedos de la mano)
Uno, dos, tres, -CO-
Uno, dos, tres, -LA-
Uno, dos, tres, -TE
Bate, bate chocolate.
(frote las manos como se usa un molinillo
en una chocolatera)

Chocolate Rhyme (Rima de Chocolate)

One, two, three, CHO-
(count with fingers)
One, two, three, -CO-
One, two, three, -LA-
One, two, three, -TE
Stir, stir the chocolate.
(rub hands together as if
using a chocolate beater)

Tumbling Jack

Tumbling Jack goes clickety-clack,
Down the ladder and then comes back.
Clickety-clackety, rattle and hop,
Over and down again, flippety-flop!

Jack-in-the-Box

Jack-in-the-Box
Sit so still,
Won't you come out?
Yes, I will!

Mother, Mother, I Am Sick

Mother, mother, I am sick,
Send for the doctor, quick, quick, quick;

Send for the doctor, send for the nurse,
Send for the lady with the alligator purse.

In came the doctor, in came the nurse.
In came the lady with the alligator purse;
Out went the doctor, out went the nurse,
Out went the lady with the alligator purse.

The Family

This is the father short and stout,
This is the mother with children about.
This is the brother, tall you see,
This is the sister with doll on her knee.
This is the baby sure to grow,
This is the family all in a row.

Finger Plays

Two Little Blackbirds

• Two little blackbirds sitting on a wall;

  (sit, bounce fists on knees with thumbs up)

• One named Peter, one named Paul.

  (hold up one thumb, hold up other thumb)

• Fly away, Peter! Fly away. Paul!

  (put one hand behind back, put other hand behind back)

• Come back, Peter! Come back, Paul!

  (bring one thumb back, bring other thumb back)

I’m a Little Teapot

• I'm a little teapot, short and stout,

  (while extending arms, bend knees)

• Here is my handle, here is my spout.

  (put one hand on hip, extend other hand out to side)

• When I start to steam up, then I shout,

  (sway head from side to side)

• Tip me over and pour me out.

  (keep one hand on hip and the other extended, bend down to side)

Proverbs

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

A penny saved is a penny earned.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

A quiet tongue makes a wise head.

Busy as a bee.

Great oaks from little acorns grow.

Haste makes waste.

Honesty is the best policy.

Hungry bellies have no ears.

Liars should have good memories.

Little strokes fell great oaks.

Many hands make light work.

Many things are lost for want of asking.

No pain, no gain.

Haiku Poems*

Searching on the wind,
the hawk's cry . . .
is the shape of its beak.

A leaf on the stream
sinks slowly through the current
to the deepest pool.

Crow pecks into the sand,
swallows what he finds, then
shudders all over.

With every gust of sun,
a halo of golden down
surrounds the hawk.

Wind sounds through the trees . . .
while here, gnats play in the calm
of wooded sunlight.

On this silent snow,
each crunching step echoes dryly
into my teeth.

A cloud of bugs
busy going nowhere
in a ray of sun.

Poems

Maggie

There was a small maiden named Maggie,
Whose dog was enormous and shaggy;
The front end of him
Looked vicious and grim—
But the tail end was friendly and waggy.

(Anonymous)

(© 1983 James W. Hackett)

Rain

The rain is raining all around,
It falls on field and tree,
It rains on the umbrellas here,
And on the ships at sea.

(Robert Louis Stevenson)

The Grasshopper and the Elephant

Way down south where bananas grow,
A grasshopper stepped on an elephant's toe.
The elephant said, with tears in his eyes,
"Pick on somebody your own size."

(Anonymous)

My Shadow

I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me,
And what can be the use of him is more than I can see.
He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head;
And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my
bed.

The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to
grow—
Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow;
For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber
ball,
And he sometimes gets so little that there's none of
him at all.

He hasn't got a notion of how children ought to play,
And can only make a fool of me in every sort of way.
He stays so close beside me, he's a coward you can see;
I'd think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks
to me!

One morning, very early, before the sun was up,
I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup;
But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepyhead.
Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in
bed.

(Robert Louis Stevenson)

Travel

The railroad track is miles away,
And the day is loud with voices speaking,
Yet there isn't a train goes by all day
But I hear its whistle shrieking.

All night there isn't a train goes by,
Though the night is still for sleep and dreaming,
But I see its cinders red on the sky,
And hear its engine steaming.

My heart is warm with friends I make,
And better friends I'll not be knowing;
Yet there isn't a train I'd rather take,
No matter where it's going.

(Edna St. Vincent Millay)

Appendix D
Resources for Elementary Teachers

Curriculum Materials for Classroom Music

The following offer a music curriculum for kindergarten through grade 6, with some beginning in prekindergarten and extending through grade 8. Each has a particular organization, selection of music, and choice of music-making materials. Most offer both online and print materials and some online only. Teachers need to visit their respective websites to learn precisely what is offered and how.

Interactive Music Powered by Silver Burdett with Alfred, General Music (PreK-8). (2016). Pearson Education, Inc. www.pearsonschool.com/music

Jump Right In: The General Music Series (K-4). (2004–2009). Music Play: The Early Childhood Music Curriculum. (2004). Music Play 2 (2018). GIA Publications, Inc. www.giamusic.com

Music Expressions (K-8) in Expressions Music Curriculum K-12. (2008). Alfred Pub. Co., Inc. www.music-expressions.com

MusicFirst Junior. (2016). http://musicfírstjr.com/

Music Studio: Spotlight on Music, General Music (Prek-8). (2016). McGraw Hill Education. www.mheducation.com/prek-12/explore/music-studio/spotlight.on-music.html

Quaver's General Music Curriculum (Grades K-8). (2011). QuaverMusic.com, LLC. www.QuaverMusic.com

References for Curricular Approaches

Dalcroze

Anderson, W.T. (2012). "The Dalcroze Approach to Music Education: Theory and Application." General Music Today, 26(1), 27–33.

Bachmann, M.L. (1993). Dalcroze Today: An Education through and into Music. New York: Oxford University Press.

Landis, B., and P. Carder. (1990). The Eclectic Curriculum in American Music Education: Contributions of Dalcroze, Kodály, and Orff. 2nd ed., Polly Carder, ed. Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference.

Mead, V.H. (1994). Dalcroze Eurhythmics in Today's Music Classroom. New York: Schott.

Sadler, M.E. (2007). The Eurhythmics of Jacques-Dalcroze. New York: Bibliolife.

Schnebley-Black, J., and S. Moore. (2003). The Rhythm Inside: Connecting Body, Mind and Spirit Through Music. Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Publishing Co.

Dalcroze Society of America—www.dalcrozeusa.org

Institut Jacques-Dalcroze—www.dalcroze.ch/

Kodály Approach

Choksy, L. (1999a). The Kodály Method I: Comprehensive Music Education, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

— (1999b). The Kodály Method II: Folksong to Masterwork. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Forrai, K. (1998). Music in Preschool, revised ed. New York: Boosey & Hawkes.

Houlahan, M., and P. Tacka. (2008). Kodály Today: A Cognitive Approach to Elementary Music Education. New York: Oxford University Press.

Landis, B., and P. Carder. (1990). The Eclectic Curriculum in American Music Education: Contributions of Dalcroze, Kodály, and Orff. 2nd ed., Polly Carder, ed. Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference.

Szonyi, E. (1974–1979). Musical Reading and Writing. New York: Boosey & Hawkes.

International Kodály Society—www.ikshu

Kodály Center at Holy Names College—www.kodaly.hnu.edu

Organization of American Kodály Educators (OAKE)—www.oake.org

Orff Schulwerk Approach

Frazee, J. (2007). Orff Schulwerk Today. New York: Schott.

Gall, G. and P. Weller. (2014). Ring, Dance, Play: First Experiences with Choirchimes® and Orff Schulwerk. Chicago: GIA.

Goodkin, D. (2002). Play, Sing and Dance: An Introduction to Orff-Schulwerk. London: Schott.

Keetman, G. (1974). Elementaria: First Acquaintance with Orff-Schulwerk, translated by M. Murray. London: Schott.

Landis, B. and P. Carder. (1990). The Eclectic Curriculum in American Music Education: Contributions of Dalcroze, Kodály, and Orff. 2nd ed ., Polly Carder, ed. Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference.

Orff, C. and G. Keetman. (1973). Music for Children. English adaptation by D. Hall and A. Walter. 5 vols. Mainz: B. Schotts Söhne.

Steen, A. (1992). Exploring Orff. New York: Schott.

Warner, B. (1991). Orff Schulwerk: Applications for the Classroom. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

American Orff Schulwerk Association (AOSA)—www.aosa.org

Music Learning Theory

Gordon, E.E. (2012). Learning Sequences in Music: Skill, Content, and Patterns: A Music Learning Theory. Chicago: GIA Publications, Inc.

Gordon, E.E. (2001). Preparatory Audiation, Audiation, and Music Learning Theory. Chicago: GIA Publications, Inc.

Jump Right In: The General Music Series (K-4). (2004–2009). Music Play: The Early Childhood Music Curriculum. (2004). Music Play 2 (2018). Chicago: GIA Publications, Inc.

Gordon Institute for Music Learning (GIML)—www.giml.org

Internet Resources

Artwork

www.all-posters.com

www.art.com

www.barewalls.com

www.images.google.com

Lesson Plans

http://africa.mrdonn.org/lessonplans.html

www.americanhistory.si.edu/smithsonian-jazz

http://artsedge.kennedy-cneter.org/educators.aspx

www.edhelper.com

http://lessonplanet.com

www.lessonplanspage.com

www.lessonplanz.com

https://mathsciencemusic.org

www.nea.org/lessons

www2.scholastic.com/browse/lessonplans.jsp

www.teachervision.com

www.sibelius.com/products/starclass/index.html

Music cultures and genres

https://naturalhistory.si.edu.africanvoices. African music

www.classical.net. Classical musical periods, composers, and websites

www.folkways.si.edu. 35,000 tracks available for download, organized into genres such as bluegrass, world music, and jazz.

www.americanhistory.si.edu/smithsonian-jazz. Online jazz curriculum ("Groovin' to Jazz) with lesson plans.

https://www.pbs.org/empires/japan/enteredo.html. Interactive Japanese instruments, pictures, etc.

www.worldmusiccentral.org. Information and links to music from around the world.

Music Software

Alfred's Essentials of Music Theory—www.alfred.com/emt

Mac/Win, CD-ROM

A series introducing music fundamentals through concise lessons, exercises for immediate reinforcement, ear training CDs or software and reviews, to test knowledge and understanding.

Garageband—www.Garageband.com

Mac

An easy-to-use sequencing program that comes with hundreds of digital audio loops of everything from jazz walking bass to authentic world instruments. Everything can be viewed in notation or graphic view.

Hyperstudio——www.rogerwagner.com

Mac/Win

A multimedia writing tool that allows students to communicate and deliver ideas on disc, CD-ROM, or over the Internet. It offers the possibility to bring together text, sound, graphics, and video.

Music Ace—www.harmonicvision.com

Mac/W in, CD-ROM

A software program that contains twenty-four comprehensive lessons, games, and a Music Doodle Pad. Unique features include: tracking of student progress, extensive teacher and student paper-based materials, and the Music Doodle Pad that allows students to compose and record their own music using a variety of instrument sounds, or listen to and modify popular music selections from the "jukebox" section of the Music Doodle Pad.

Music Ace 2—www.harmonicvision.com

Mac/Win, CD-ROM

A continuation and more advanced version of Music Ace with twenty- four comprehensive lessons covering music fundamentals, plus twenty-four games to practice music skills and reinforce lesson concepts.

Music Ace Deluxe—www.harmonicvision.com

Mac/W in, CD-ROM

A combination of Music Ace and Music Ace 2.

Sibelius Starclass—www.sibelius.com

Mac/Win, CD-ROM

Music lesson plans (180) for the elementary level enhanced with hundreds of sound clips, printable pictures, and a 99-track CD.

MUSIC SUPPLIERS

These companies offer classroom music and professional books, songbooks, recordings, classroom, rhythm and Orff-Schulwerk instruments, small winds, and audiovisual materials. Only items specific to a particular supplier are noted in the listings that follow.

Alfred Publishing Co., Inc., www.alfred.com. Music publishing.

Dancing Dots, www.dancingdots.com. Materials and equipment for vision-impaired musicians.

GIA Publications, Inc., www.giamusic.com

Hohner Music, us.playhohner.com. (Hohner Kids and Green Tones). Instruments for toddlers and preschoolers.

John’s Music Center, www.johnsmusic.com. Multicultural instruments and drums.

KORG Education, http://education.Korg.com. Music technology, keyboards.

Macie Publishing Co., www.maciepublishing.com. Recorder books.

Malmark, Inc.—Bellcraftsmen, www.malmark.com. Handbells, choir chimes, and ringing accessories.

MMB Music, Inc. www.mmbmusic.com. Studio 49 Orff Instruments.

Music in Motion, www.musicmotion.com

Music Is Elementary, www.musiciselem.com

Music K-8, msuick8.com. Products in world music.

Musik Innovations, www.musikinn.com. Includes handbells, choir chimes, and ToneChimes.

Oscar Schmidt International, www.oscarschmidt.com. Autoharps and other instruments.

Peripole-Bergerault, Inc., www.peripolebergerault.com. Handbells, Bergerault Orff-Schulwerk instruments, prekindergarten instruments, and other instruments.

Rhythm Band Instruments, Inc., www.rhythmband.com. Classroom instruments of all types.

Schulmerich Carillons, Carillon Hill, www.schulmerichbells.com. English hand-bells (only).

SONOR, sonor.com/instruments. Orff Instruments.

Suzuki Corporation Musical Instrument Corporation, www.suzukimusic.com. QChords, ToneChimes, rhythm instruments, barred and other instruments.

Sweet Pipes, www. sweetpipes.com. Recorders, recorder books, Sonor Orff instruments, and handbells.

West Music, www.westmusic.com. Multicultural materials and instruments; Orff-Schulwerk instruments; electronic instruments and music software; music therapy resources.

Yamaha Corporation of America, www.yamaha.com.

Support Associations and Organizations

American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), www.aaidd.org

American Council of the Blind, www.acb.org

American Music Therapy Association, www.musictherapy.org

American Orff-Schulwerk Association (AOSA), www.aosa.org

American Society for Deaf Children, www.deafchildren.org

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Information Technology (IT) Information Center, www.adainfo.org

ArtsEdge, www.artsedge.kennedy-center.org

Association for Childhood Education International (ACEI), www.acei.org

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), www.nimh.nih.gov.

Autism Society of America, www.autism-society.org

Council for Exceptional Children, www.cec.sped.org

Dalcroze Society of America, www.dalcrozeusa.org

Early Childhood Music and Movement Association (ECMMA), www.ecmma.org

Early Childhood News (The Professional Resource for Teachers and Parents), www.earlychildhoodnews.com

The Getty Center, www.getty.edu

Gordon Institute for Music Learning, giml.org

International Society for Music Education (ISME), www.isme.org

Learning Disabilities and ADHD, www.ldonline.org

The National Association for Music Education, www.nafme.org

NAMM Foundation, nammfoundation.org

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), www.naeyc.org

National Center for Learning Disabilities, www.ncld.org

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, www.nichy.org

Organization of American Kodály Educators (OAKE), www.oake.org

VSA Arts (The International Organization on arts and disability), education. kennedy-center.org/education/VSA/

Appendix E
Resources for Children

Storybooks About Songs

All the Pretty Little Horses. (L. Sapport, illustr.). (1999). Houghton Mifflin: Clarion Book.

America the Beautiful. (K. Bates). (2010). Aladdin.

A-Tisket, A-Tasket. (E. Fitzgerald). (2003). Philomel.

Bingo. (H. Wilhelm). (2005). Scholastic.

Cumbayah. (F. Cooper, Illustr.). (1998). HarperCollins.

Down by the Bay. (Raffi). (1988). Crown Books.

The Eensy Weensy Spider. (M.A. Hoberman). (2002). Megan Tingley Books.

The Farmer in the Dell. (A. Walner). (1998.) Holiday House, Inc.

Five Little Pumpkins. (D. Yaccarino). (2003). HarperFestival.

Hush, Little Baby. (S. Long). (2002). Chronicle Books.

Elvis Presley's Love Me Tender. (E. Presley, T. Browning, illustr.). (2003). HarperColllins.

If You're Happy and You Know It. (Raffi). (2007). KnopfBooks for Young Readers.

Miss Mary Mack. (M.A. Hoberman). (2003). Little, Brown, and Company.

My Country 'Tis of Thee. (S.F. Smith). (2004). Cartwheel Books.

My Favorite Things. (R. Rodgers, and R. Graef, illustr.). (2001). HarperCollins.

This Land is Your Land. (W. Guthrie). (2002). Little Brown Young Readers.

This Old Man. (P. Adams). (2000). Child's Play International.

The Tailor and the Mouse. (Adapted by J. Feierabend). (2012). GIA Publications.

You're a Grand Old Flag. (G.M. Cohan). (2008). Atheneum.

Jazz: Books for Children

Andrews, T. (2015). Trombone Shorty. Harry N. Abrams. PreK to grade 3.

Burleigh, R. (2001). Looking for Bird in the Big City. Silver Whistle Harcourt, Inc. About the first meeting of Miles Davis and Charlie "Bird" Parker. PreK to grade 3.

Davis, D. (2001). Jazz Cats. Pelican Books. Grades 1 4.

Fitzgerald, E., V. Alexander, and O. Eitan. (2003). A T isket, A Tasket. Philomel Books, Baby to K.

Golio, G. (2015). Bird & Diz. Candlewick Press. PreK to grade 3.

Gollub, M. (2000). The Jazz Fly. Tortuga Press. (Includes CD.) PreK to grade 3.

Hurwitz, A. B. (2006). Ella Elephant Scats Like That (Baby Loves Jazz Series). Price Stern Sloan. Book with CD. PreK to grade 1.

Ingalls, A. and M. Macdonald. (2010). The Little Piano Girl: The Story of Mary Lou Williams, Jazz Legend. Houghton Mifflin. Grades 1–4.

I sadora, R. (1979). Ben's Trumpet. Green Willow Books. PreK to grade 3.

Isadora, R. (2002). Bring on that Beat. G. P. Putnam's Sons. PreK to grade 3.

Lester, J. (2001). The Blues Singers: Ten Who Rocked the World. Hyperion Books for Children. PreK to grade 3.

London, J. (1993). Hip Cat. Chronicle Books. Book and video. K to grade 4.

London, J., and H. Cole, illustr. (2000). Who Bop? HarperCollins. PreK to grade 3.

Monceaux, M. (1994). Jazz: My Music, My People. Knopf. Stories about 19 women jazz musicians. Grades 4–6.

Nicky's Jazz for Kids. (2003). Dominick music. Jazz songs for youngsters (and adults!). CD available.

Orgill, R. (2002). If Only I Had a Horn: Young Louis Armstrong. Sandpiper. Grades 2–5

Orgill, R. (2010). Skit-Scat Raggedy Cat: Ella Fitzgerald. Candlewick. K– Grade 4.

Parker, R.A. (2008). Piano Starts Here: The Young Art Tatum. Schwartz & Wade. PreK–grade 3.

Pinkney, A.D. and B. P inkney, illustr. (2001). Duke Ellington: The Piano Prince and His Orchestra. Hyperion Books for Children. Grades 1–;5.

Pinkney, A.D., and B. Pinkney. (2007). Ella Fitzgerald: The Tale of a Vocal Virtuosa. Hyperion Books for Children. PreK to grade 3.

Raschka, C. (1997). Charlie Parker Played Be Bop. Orchard Books. PreK to grade 3.

Raschka, C. (2002). John Coltrane's Giant Steps. Atheneum Books for Young Readers. PreK to grade 2.

Raschka, C. (1997). Mysterious Thelonious. Orchard Books. K to grade 5.

Shaik, F. (1998). The Jazz of Our Street. Dial Books. PreK to grade 3.

Weathereord, C.B. (2008). Before John was a Jazz Giant: A Song of John Coltrane. Henry Holt & Co. K to grade 3.

Weinstein, M.H. (2013). Play, Louis, Play! The True Story of a Boy and His Horn. Bloomsbury. Grades 2–5.

Weiss, G.D. and B. Thiele, A. Bryan, illustr. (1995). What a Wonderful World. Atheneum. (CD of song not included.) PreK to grade 3.

Winter, J. (2002). Once Upon a Time in Chicago: The Story of Benny Goodman. Hyperion Books for Children. PreK to grade 2.

Classical Music: Books for Children

Allman, B. (1997). Her Piano Song: A Story About Clara Schumann. Carolrhoda Books, Inc. Ages 8+

Cowan, C. and K. Hawkes, illustr. (1998). My Friend the Piano. Lothrop, Lee, & Shepard. Ages 5–8.

Curtis, G. and E.B. Lewis, illustr. (2001). The Bat Boy and His Violin. Aladdin. Ages 4–8.

Englander, R. (1994). Opera: What's All the Screaming About? Walker and Co. Ages 10 and up.

Garriel, B.S., and J.O'Brien. (2004). I know a Shy Fellow Who Swallowed a Cello. Scholastic. Ages 5–7.

Guy, S., and D. Lacy. (1998). The Music Box: The Story of Christofori. Brunswick Publishing Co. Ages 4–8.

Isadora, R. (1997). Young Mozart. Viking. Ages 4–8.

Kamen, G. (1996). Hidden Music. Atheneum. Biography of Fanny Mendelssohn. Ages 8+

Kendall, C.W. (1993). Stories of Women Composers for Young Musicians. Shar Products Co.

Ketcham, S., S. Ketcham, and T. Bush, illustr. (1999). Bach's Big Adventure. Orchard Books. Ages 4–8.

Kuskin, K. (1986). The Philharmonic Gets Dressed. HarperTrophy. Ages 4–8.

Moss, L. (2000). Zin! Zin! Zin! A Violin. Aladdin Picture Books. Ages 4–8.

Nichol, B. and S. Cameron, illustr. (1999). Beethoven Lives Upstairs. Orchard Books. Ages 7–12.

Papillon, K. (2015). Crumpet and the Trumpet. Inspirations. Ages 4–8.

Rachin, A. (1992). Bach (Famous Children Scries). Barrons Juveniles. Also in the series are Beethoven, Chopin, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky. Ages 5–8.

Rusch, E., S. Johnson, and L. Fancher. (2011). For the Love of Music: The Remarkable Story of Maria Anna Mozart. Tricycle Press. Ages 5–8.

Sloan, C. (2015). Welcome to the Symphony. Workman Pub. Co. Ages 4–8.

Weil, l. (1991). Wolferl: The First Six Years in the Life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756–1762. Holiday House. Ages 5–8.

Winter, J. (1999). Sebastian: A Book About Bach. Browndecr Press. Ages 4–8.

Winter, J. (2006). The 39 Apartments of Ludwig van Beethoven. Schwartz & Wade Books. Ages 4–9.

Interactive Websites

Canadian National Arts Center—www.artsalive.ca/en/mus Information about instruments of the orchestra (including "virtually" handling each), and composers. Includes downloadable activities, games and quizzes.

Cincinnati Public Radio—ww.classicforkids.com Music and stories of great classical composers. Includes activity sheets, games, time machine, and music dictionary.

Dallas Symphony Orchestra—www.dokids.com Resources for students and teachers seeking general knowledge of music (instruments, musicians, and theory), composing music and playing musical games.

Go Classical for Kids—www.classicalkusc.org/kids/ An interactive resource with activities and games for students in opera, chamber music, and more.

Morton Subotnick’s CreatingMusic—wcreatingmusic.com Creative music environment for children to compose music, play music puzzles and games, and play with musical instruments.

New York Philharmonic Orchestra—www.nyphilkids.org An interactive resource for gathering general knowledge of music (instruments, musicians, composers), composing music, and playing musical games.

San Francisco Symphony—www.sfskids.org Engaging photos and audio of orchestral instruments, "The Music Lab" (experimenting with the elements of music), information on concert series for youth and families, a radio that plays excerpts from major orchestral works, and an e-postcard option.

Smithsonian: Jazz—Ameicanhistory.si.edu/Smithsonian-jazz Jazz lessons for Jazz Appreciation Month, select "Learn it," "Jazz" Class," then "Groovin' to Jazz."

Music Software

Programs	Ages	Platforms	Suggested websites
Art and Music Games
Alice in Vivaldi's Four Seasons	Ages 5+	Win, CD-ROM	www.artmusicgames.com
Mozart's Magic Flute	Ages 4+	Win, CD-ROM
Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker	Ages 4+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM
Discover Bach	Ages 8+
Beethoven Lives Upstairs	Ages 9+	Win, DVD-ROM	www.musicmotion.com
Groovy Music:		Mac/Win, CD-ROM	www.musicfirst.com
"Shapes"	Ages 5+
"Jungle"	Ages 7+
"City"	Ages 9+
Hyperstudio	Ages 9+	Mac/Win	www.rogerwagner.com
Juilliard Music Adventure	Ages 9+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM	www.Amazon.com
MiDisaurus	Ages 4+	Mac/Win, DVD-ROM	www.town4kids.com
Morton Subotnick's Creating
Music
Hearing Music	Ages 5+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM	www.creatingmusic.com
Making Music	Ages 5+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM
Making More Music	Ages 8+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM
Playing Music	Ages 8+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM
World of Music: Beginner	Ages 4+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM
World of Music Intermediate	Ages 7+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM
Music Ace	Ages 8+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM	www.harmonicvision.com
Music Ace 2
Music Ace Maestro
Piano Mouse's Musical Circus	Ages 4+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM	www.pianomouse.com
Sesame Street Music Maker	Ages 3+	Win, CD-ROM	www.muppet.wikia.com/wiki/music_maker
SimTunes	Ages 8+	Win, CD-ROM	www.cdaccess.com
Singing Coach Kidz	Ages 6+	Win, CD-ROM	www.Amazon.com
Super Duper Music Looper	Ages 6+	Win, CD-ROM	www.sonycreativesoftware.com
Thinkin' Things®
Collection 1	Ages 6+	Mac/Win, CD-ROM	www.amazon.com
Collection 2	Ages 4+

Note: The soprano recorder sounds one octave higher than written.

* 1983 by J.W. Hackett from The Zen Haiku and Other Zen Poems of J.W. Hackett (Tokyo: Japan Publications).