Note: Page numbers in italics indicate photographs.
abortion. See anti-abortion movement
Abortion and Social Justice (Hilgers and Horan), 281
Abraham, Roger, 104
abstract expressionism, 35, 42
Accessory to Murder (Terry), 280
Adnopoz, Elliot, 122. See also Elliott, Ramblin’ Jack
adolescence, 13–17, 27–28, 30, 32–34, 246
Adorno, Theodor, 37
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Twain), 15
Advertisements for Myself (Mailer), 75
African American culture: and Afro-centrism, 207
and the Beat Generation, 80
and blackface minstrelsy, 52–61
and black power, 8–9
and Dylan, 121
and the folk music revival, 86–88
lullabies, 100
and origins of rock and roll, 49–51
and romance of the outsider, 4, 5
and “The White Negro,” 73–74. See also civil rights movement
Alabama, 207
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, 109
alienation: Calvert on, 227
and Catcher in the Rye, 13–17, 18, 30, 134
and communes, 233
and conservatism, 134
and conservative Christianity, 238–40, 277
Dellums on, 235
and Dylan, 127
and ERAP, 187–88
and evangelical Christianity, 239
and the folk music revival, 100
and fundamentalist Christianity, 268
and the Jesus People movement, 247
and the New left, 236
and romance of the outsider, 307
and student social action, 178
Alinsky, Saul, 145
Allen, Louis, 193
Allen, Ralph, 191
Allen, Steve, 81
Allenwood Federal Prison, 300
“All I Really Want to Do,” 126
Altamont music festival, 230, 231–32
“America Back to God” (Falwell), 264
American Humor (Rourke), 53
American Indians, 206
“America’s Lawlessness” (Falwell), 267
Americus, Georgia, 191
Among the Grizzlies (Treadwell), 305–7
Ananda Co-Operative, 232
Anderson, Margaret, 42
“The Angry Children of Malcolm X” (Carawan), 205
Another Side of Bob Dylan, 126–27
anti-abortion movement: and the civil rights movement, 9, 271, 277, 279–80, 281–82, 283, 289–91, 293, 297–98, 298, 366n6
and direct action, 279–80, 281–86, 288–89, 293, 295–301, 301–2, 366n6
and Falwell, 265, 268–75, 288, 290, 295
and fundamentalist Christians, 266, 277
and militancy, 298–99, 365–66n6
and the romance of the outsider, 277–80
and Terry, 286–95, 294–See also Operation Rescue
anti-busing activism, 280
anti-Communism, 40, 90, 124, 141–43, 149–50, 153
anti-war movement, 206, 277, 290, 301
apocalyptic thinking, 248–50, 360n20
The Ark, 292
Asch, Moe, 90–91
Assembly of God, 252
Associated Press, 174
Atlanta, Georgia, 289
Atlas Shrugged (Rand), 39, 134
atomic bomb. See nuclear weapons
Attica prison riot, 221
authenticity: and blackface minstrelsy, 60
and Black Power, 205
and Catcher in the Rye, 19–21
and the civil rights movement, 112, 116–18
and cultural separatism, 226, 235
and ERAP, 189
and the folkmusic revival, 85, 94, 97–98, 102–4, 106
and ghetto life, 184
and historical context, 309n3
and romance of the outsider, 4, 9, 307
and white romanticism, 229
Baez, Joan: and the civil rights movement, 116
and Dylan, 125
and folkmusic revivalism, 92, 94–96, 99–100, 105
and the Newport Folk Festival, 85, 86,117
and Woodstock, 230
Baker, Etta, 94
“The Ballad of Medgar Evers,” 129
banjo music, 109–10
Baptist Bible College, 262
“Beale Street Papa,” 58
Beat Generation: and alienation, 228
and Catcher in the Rye, 17, 30
and the civil rights movement, 166
and counterculture, 230
and cultural separatism, 226
and Dylan, 119
and Hayden, 169
and the Jesus People movement, 241
and Mailer, 73
and music, 51
and Thompson, 158
The Beat Generation (1960), 82
beatniks, 8, 51, 82, 158. See also Beat Generation
bebop, 42, 74, 78–79, 81. See also jazz
Belafonte, Harry, 93, 105, 116, 176
The Bell Jar (Plath), 13, 44–45
Beloved Community, 153, 205, 232, 283
Berkeley Liberation Front, 243
Berle, Milton, 69
Berlin, Ira, 55
Bevel, James, 224
A Biblical Perspective on Civil Disobedience (Stanley), 292
Big City Blues (1964), 97
Bill Haley and His Comets, 50
birth control, 145
Blackboard Jungle (1955), 17, 50
The Black Book (Welch), 143
Black Caucus, 235
blackface. See minstrelsy
“Black Is the Color,” 95
Black Liberation Army, 223
black nationalism, 192, 206, 207, 208
Black Panther Party: and Black Power, 206, 207
and federal law enforcement, 352n18
and militancy, 215–19, 221–23, 298
Black Power: and alienation, 224–36
and cultural separatism, 207, 226–29, 234–36, 350n7
and militancy; 214–24
rally, 211
and shift in activist priorities, 350n7
Thompson on, 157
and white romanticism, 204–7, 207–14,227
black power, 8–9
Black Power (Hamilton and Carmichael), 214
“Blowin’ in the Wind,” 124, 125
blues music: and blackface minstrelsy, 56–57
and Dylan, 120, 121–22, 127, 129–30
and the folk music revival, 89, 91, 97, 102
and origins ofrockand roll, 50, 56–58
and romance of the outsider, 2–3
and “The White Negro,” 73
and white romanticism, 319n17
Blum, Jacob, 200
Boas, Franz, 36
“Bob Dylan’s Dreams,” 127–28
Bob Jones University, 115
bohemian culture: and the Beat Generation, 80–81
and Catcher in the Rye, 14, 16, 29, 32
and Christian counterculture, 287
and cultural separatism, 228
and Dylan, 119
and gender issues, 43–48
and the Jesus People movement, 241, 246
and Kerouac, 135
and the Newport Folk Festival, 84
and rebellion, 42–43
and On the Road, 76–77
and rock and roll, 51
and romance of the outsider, 1, 4
and the southern student movement, 176
and Thompson, 156–58
Bond, Julian, 291
Book of the Month Club, 32–33
Booth, Heather, 201
Born Again (Colson), 260
Boston, Massachusetts, 298
Boston Free Press, 234
Boudin, Kathy,220
Bound for Glory (Guthrie), 119
Broadside, 205
Brooke, Rupert, 26
Broonzy, Big Bill, 89, 120, 129
Browder, Laura, 221
Brown, H. Rap, 218, 219, 221, 222
Brown Berets, 228
Brown v. Board of Education, 262, 267, 349–50n7
Buckley, Christopher, 145
Buckley, William F.: background, 132–35
and conservative rebellion, 8, 135–47
on democracy, 337n23
and evangelical Christianity, 239
as rebel figure, 256
and romance of the outsider, 3, 7
and student conservatism, 147–48
and Terry, 295
and Thompson, 157–58
and Young Americans for Freedom (YAF), 8, 134, 144, 149–51,151,239,256
Buffalo, New York, 295, 297, 298, 300
burlesque, 69
Burns, Robert, 23
Burroughs, William S., 45–46, 78, 119
Bushnell Basin Community Church, 292
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 27
Cairo Movement, 111
Calvary Chapel, 244–45, 249, 253
Calvert, Gregory, 225–26, 227, 228
Calvinist Protestantism, 292–93
Campus Crusade for Christ, 240, 249
Camus, Albert, 31, 155, 177–78
capitalism, 7, 37–38, 40, 134, 137
Carmichael, Stokely: and Black Power, 205, 207, 208–14, 211
and cultural separatism, 235–36
and ERAP, 181
Carr, Lucien, 47
“Carry Me Back to Old Virginny” 55
Carter, Jimmy, 254–55, 260, 266, 268
Carter, Maybelle, 86
Cash, Johnny, 104
Cason, Sandra
“Casey” 164, 170, 190. See also Hayden,
Casey Cassady, Neal, 75–76, 78
Castro, Fidel, 222
The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger): and alienation, 13–17, 18, 30, 134
and Dylan, 122
and Hayden, 168–69
and Mailer, 76
movie reference in, 312n23
and rebellion, 24–34
and romance ofthe outsider, 7
and women’s liberation, 43–48
Catholicism: and the anti-abortion movement, 271, 275, 278, 280–81, 283–85, 301–2
and Buckley, 136–37, 138, 139, 141, 145
and charismatic movements, 286
and the New Right, 149
and Pentecostalism, 252
Caulfield, Holden (character), 13–17, 17–24
and gender issues, 15, 43–44, 46
and Joplin, 46
and phoniness, 245
and romance of the outsider, 7, 303–4, 312n 20
Cavett, Dick, 235
censorship, 79–80
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 139, 167, 215, 223, 341n 11
Charismatic Christianity, 252, 286, 292
Chase, Martin L., 285
Chavez, Cesar, 227
Chicago Defender, 59
Chicano s, 206
Children of God, 240, 244, 250, 251
“Chimes Freedom,” 126
Chodorov, Frank, 148–49
Christian Coalition, 238
Christian coffeehouses, 243
Christian countercultures, 237–39, 237–54, 254–75. See also conservative Christianity
fundamentalism
Jesus People movement Christianity Today, 261, 266
A Christian Manifesto (Schaeffer), 287–88
Christian Science Monitor, 210
Christian World Liberation Front (CWLF), 240, 241, 243
Chronicles (Dylan), 129
Cities of Refuge, 297
Citizens’ Councils, 142
Citizens United for Adequate Welfare (CUFAW), 185
City Lights Books, 79
civil disobedience: and the anti-abortion movement, 9, 278–80, 282–83, 285, 287–88, 292, 295–96, 298, 302
and the civil rights movement, 169
and Young Americans for Freedom, 150
civil rights movement: and the anti-abortion movement, 9, 271, 277, 279–80, 281–82, 283, 289–91, 293, 297–98, 298, 366n6
and Buckley, 142
and direct action, 279–80
and Dylan, 8, 112, 125, 130, 189, 217
and folk music, 8, 87, 88–107, 107–18, 118–32
and fundamentalist Christians, 265, 267
and the Mississippi
Summer Project, 189–203
and romance of the outsider, 5
and southern evangelicals, 286
and Students for a Democratic Society, 165–80
and Thompson, 157
and women’s liberation, 43–48
Clark, Judith, 220
Clayton, Paul, 104
Cleage, Albert, 214
Cleaver, Eldridge: Buckley on, 146
influence of writings, 13
and militancy, 216, 218, 222, 223
outlaw status, 237
and religious conversion, 261
Clinton, Bill, 299
Closed: 90
Ways to Stop Abortion (Scheidler), 284, 288, 299
coffeehouses, 243
Cohn, Al, 81
Cohn, Larry, 2–3
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 27–28
Collie, Biff, 64
Colonial furniture, 35
Colson, Charles, 260
Coltrane, John, 221
Columbia University, 218
Command Courier, 156
Commentary, 36–37
Committee for an Effective Peace Corps, 150
Committee on Poetry, 232
community organizing: and anti-abortion movement, 278–79
and the civil rights movement, 8, 180–91, 199
and the Jesus People movement, 245
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 189–203
and social change, 145
“Conditions Corrupting America” (Falwell), 264–65
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 116, 194,195, 225,
263–64
The Conscience of a Conservative (Goldwater), 147
conservatism, 7, 8, 88, 131. See also Buckley, William F.
conservative Christianity Conservative Caucus, 239
conservative Christianity: and anti-abortion movement, 277–80, 285–86, 288, 291–92, 295, 300
and Buckley; 241
and evangelical Christianity, 238–39, 261–62
and fundamentalism, 5, 248, 255–56
and the Jesus People movement, 9, 254
and political activism, 265–68, 270–75, 278
and romance ofthe outsider, 3
“A Conservative Voice,” 144
consumerism, 38
Cotton, Elizabeth
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), 194
counterculture: breadth of, 230
and Buckley, 146
and Dylan, 129
and religious conversion, 260
and student conservatism, 152, 153
term coined, 229
and Terry, 286
and Thompson, 158. See also Jesus People movement Counterintelligence Program, 352n 18
Cowan, Paul, 196
Cowgill, Chris, 297
“Crazy Blues,” 57
The Cross and the Switchblade (Wilkerson), 252
crossover songs, 49–50
Crudup, Arthur
“Big Boy,” 63
cults, 246
cultural separatism: and Black Power, 207, 226–29, 234–36, 350n7
and bohemian culture, 228
and Christian fundamentalism, 264–65, 277
and feminism, 228
and the New Left, 226–27, 235–36
and the Old Left, 227
Czechoslovakia, 225
Dan Emmett’s Virginia Minstrels, 55
Dartmouth Christian Union, 114
Darwinism, 248
Davis, Angela, 218, 219, 221, 237
Davis, Gary, 196
Davis, Miles, 42
Davolt, Oralee, 72
Davolt, Sharyn, 72
Deacons ofDefense, 208
Dean, James, 79, 80–81, 119, 127, 169, 178
“The Death of Emmet Till,” 124
Dee, Sandra, 44
Dellums, Ron, 235
Delta blues, 97
democractic socialism, 179–80
Democratic Party, 182, 193, 218, 221, 289
demographic shifts, 5
Department ofCorrections, 221
Depression, 37
Detroit Artists’
Workshop, 221
Dexter, Timothy, 305
Dialect of the Enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer), 37
Dickinson, Emily, 26
Didion, Joan, 133–34
Die, Nigger, Die (Brown), 218
direct action: and anti-abortion movement, 279–80, 281–86, 288–89, 293, 295–301, 366n6
and conservative activism, 150
and HUAC protests, 166
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 189–203
and Operation Rescue, 280–81, 286–93, 296–301
discrimination: and the anti-abortion movement, 284, 291
and blackface minstrelsy, 51
and Christian fundamentalism, 263
and the civil rights movement, 172, 176, 199, 202, 350n8
and Falwell, 263–64
and folk music revivalism, 107
and sexism, 60
dispensationalism, 249–50, 292
Dissent, 36–37
“Disturbers of the Peace,” 144
Dobson, Ed, 268
Dohrn, Bernardine, 217,220, 237
“Don’t Be Cruel,” 70–71
Doris, Ruby, 193
Dorsey, Jimmy, 67
Dorsey, Tommy, 67
Douglass, Frederick, 52–53
Driftwood, Jimmie, 92
drugs and drug use: and the Beat Generation, 80
and bohemian culture, 47
and Catcher in the Rye, 29
and the counterculture, 230
and cultural separatism, 228–29
and Esalen, 234
and hippie culture, 229–30
and Jesus People, 240–41, 245–46, 248
and marijuana, 76–77, 81, 119, 133, 146, 221–22, 301
and popular culture, 127
and religious conversion, 252
and romance ofthe outsider, 6
DuBois, W. E. B., 88
Durr, Virginia, 116
Dylan, Bob: and the civil rights movement, 8, 112, 125, 130, 189, 217
and folkmusic revivalism, 86, 96–97, 100, 116, 118–31, 130, 334n87
and the Freedom Singers, 112
and the Jesus People movement, 244
and the Newport Folk Festival, 85–87,117,125, 128
and transformation, 118–31, 130
and the Weather Underground, 217
and Woodstock, 230
E. P. Christy’s Virginia Minstrels, 55
Eastman, Max, 140
East Village, 228
Eberhart, Richard, 79
Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP), 8, 180–89, 203, 224–25, 230
The Ed Sullivan Show, 42, 69–71,73
Edwards, Lee, 149
Egli, Sam, 307
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 134, 141, 143, 266
electric guitar, 128
Elim Bible College, 286–88
Elliott, Ramblin’
end-times theology, 249–50
entertainment industry, 40. See also specific art forms such as music styles, film environmentalism, 232
Equal Rights Amendment, 268, 270, 278, 280
Esalen Institute, 234
ethnomusicology, 4
evangelical Christianity: and anti-abortion movement, 280, 286
and conversion experiences, 257–59
and Jesus People, 248
and romance of the outsider, 4, 303
Evans, Linda, 220
Evans, Rowland, 209
Existentialism and Human Emotions (Sartre), 30–31
Fager, Charles, 281–82
Falwell, Jeannie, 273
Falwell, Jerry,269; and anti-abortion movement, 265, 268–75, 288, 290, 295
conversion and transformation, 256–64
and cultural separatism, 255–56
and outsider status, 9, 275–76
and political activism, 238–39, 264–76, 277–78, 286, 288
and southern evangelicals, 255, 286
Falwell, Jonathan, 273
Farber, Jerry, 234
A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway), 26
The Farm, 250
Farmer, James, 144
Father Knows Best (television), 42
Faulkner, William, 157
Federal Bureau on Investigation (FBI), 92, 172, 193, 222–23, 352m 8
feminism: and the anti-abortion movement, 282–83, 285
and bohemian culture, 47
and Buckley, 134
and Christian fundamentalism, 256, 268, 270, 274
and cultural separatism, 228
and Falwell, 238
and Jesus People, 250
and “the movement,” 206–7
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 79–80
Festival ofLife, 221
Fiedler, Leslie, 40
film industry, 16–17, 26–27, 35, 37, 79
Firing Line, 82, 133, 136, 144, 146
Fisk University, 108
folklore studies, 4
folk music: and Black Power, 214
and the civil rights movement, 8, 87, 88–107, 107–18, 118–32
and Dylan, 86, 96–97, 100, 116, 118–31, 130, 334n87
and folk revivalism, 88–107,94; and the Mississippi Summer Project, 196
and race issues, 86, 88, 91–92, 107, 115–18
and romance of the outsider, 2
Folk Song U.S.A., 89–90
Folkways Anthology of American Folk Music, 86, 91, 93, 99
Folkways Records, 90–91, 103, 111
Ford, Gerald, 273
Forman, James: and community organizing, 190
dedication to civil rights movement, 192
and the Freedom Singers, 111, 116
and Freedom Village, 170
and Holt, 108
marriage, 164
and SNCC successes, 202
The Fountainhead (Rand), 39, 134, 155
Frank, Thomas, 7
Frankfurt School, 37
Franny and Zooey (Salinger), 43
Freedom House, 202
Freedom in the Air, 111
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, 299–300
Freedom Rally, 150
Freedom Riders, 109, 166, 173, 176, 199–200
Freedom Schools, 193, 197,197,199, 201
Freedom Singers, 85–87, 110–17, 125, 175–76, 189, 331–32^7
Freedom Songs, 108, 110, 111, 205, 206
Freedom Summer. See Mississippi Summer Project
Freedom Village, 170
Freedom Vote experiments, 193, 225
“Free Huey”
campaign, 216
free lunch programs, 185
free market economics, 135, 138, 141, 147, 153
The Freewheelin Bob Dylan (album), 124
“Freight Train,” 103
Freudian theory, 27, 31–32, 41
Friends of SNCC, 113–14, 202, 215
Frisbee, Lonnie, 240, 244–45, 248
Fuller, Charles, 257
Fuller Seminary, 261
fundamentalism: and anti-abortion movement, 266, 277
and the civil rights movement, 265, 267
and conversion experiences, 257
and Falwell, 254–75
and the Jesus People movement, 247, 250–52, 254
Marty on, 237
and romance ofthe outsider, 3, 303
theology of, 248–50
The Fundamentals, 5
fusionism, 142
Gaede, Marnie, 307
Gallup, 255
Gandhi, Mohandas, 281
Garmen, Betty, 113–14
Gavitt’s Original Ethiopian Serenaders, 53
gay rights/liberation movement, 206, 228, 268, 270, 277, 290
gender issues: and anti-abortion movement, 282–83, 288, 298
and blackface minstrelsy, 54
and blues music, 59–60
and bohemian culture, 43–48
and Catcher in the Rye, 15, 43–44, 46
and the Jesus People movement, 250
mass culture, 47–48
and romance of the outsider, 308
and the women’s liberation movement, 7, 43–48, 267–68. See also feminism
Gestalt therapy, 234
Gidget (1959), 44
Gilbert, Ronnie, 90
Gillespie, Dizzy, 42
Ginsberg, Allen: and the Beat Generation, 45, 79–80
and bohemian culture, 47
and communes, 232
and Dylan, 119
and hippie culture, 230
and the Jesus People movement, 242, 246
and Kerouac, 78
and mass culture, 43
and the new consciousness, 18
and On the Road, 76
“Girl of the North Country,” 125
Gitlin, Todd, 182
Glass, Franny (character), 43
Glazer, Nathan, 146
glossolalia, 252–53
Goad, 243
God and Man at Yale (Buckley), 132, 135, 137–38
“God Bless America,” 89
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 27
Goldwater, Barry, 147
Good, Paul, 210
“Goodnight, Irene,” 90
Gorman, Betty, 202
Gospel Songs from the Old Fashioned Revival Hour, 258
Graham, Billy, 248, 261–62, 266
Grateful Dead, 230
Gray, Arvella, 120
Great Elm estate, 148
Greensboro Four, 166
Greenwich Village: and bohemian culture, 45–46
and Dylan, 123
and the folkmusic revival, 90, 99–100, 103
and Thompson, 156
Gregory, Dick, 144
Griffiin, Michael, 299
“Grizzly Bear” 93
Guillard, Slim, 77
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 224
Gunn, David, 299
Guthrie, Woody: and the civil rights movement, 111, 112
and the folk music revival, 90
and folk music revivalism, 89–90, 100–101
and the Newport Folk Festival, 85
Haber, Al: and civil disobedience, 169–71
and ERAP, 182
and Revolution in Mississippi, 174–75
and student activism, 167
and Students for a Democratic Society, 167–68
Hair (musical), 145
Haley, Bill, 79
Hall, Prathia, 193
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 185, 197, 201
Hamilton, Charles, 214
Hamlett, Ed, 192
Hammond, John, Jr., 96–97, 100
Hampton, Fred, 219
Hancock Village, 5
“A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall,” 125
Harrington, Michael, 140, 144, 163, 186, 187–88
Harvard University, 152
Harvest House, 245
Hayden, Casey,171
Hayden, Tom: background, 163–64
and Buckley, 134
and Calvert, 226–27
and Mailer’s writings, 2
and the National Student Association, 341n11
on outsider status, 345^0
and Revolution in Mississippi, 174–75
and romance ofthe outsider, 6
and student conservatism, 147–48, 152
and student organizing, 344–45n44
and Students for a Democratic Society, 148, 165–80
and the Vietnam War, 225
Hayes, Carl, 174
Hays, Lee, 90
“Hear Me Talking to You,” 59
Hellerman, Fred, 90
Hell’s Angels (Thompson), 158
Hemingway, Ernest, 80
Hentoff, Nat, 98
Heritage Foundation, 290
Hill, King Solomon, 96
Hill, Paul, 366n6
hillbilly music: and Dylan, 120, 121–22, 123–24
and the folk music revival, 90–91, 95–96, 101, 104
and origins ofrock and roll, 50
and Presley, 64–66
Hinton, Sam, 97–98
hip-hop music, 303
hippies: and counterculture, 229
and evangelical Christianity, 238, 239
and Falwell, 256
and the Jesus People movement, 239–54
and religious revivalism, 255
and rock festivals, 230
and romance of the outsider, 3
and Thompson, 158
and Vietnam, 225
His Place, 241
historically black colleges (HBCs), 109, 110, 332n57
Hoboken, New Jersey, 187
Hog Farm commune, 231
Holcomb, Roscoe, 2
“Hold On,“110
Holiday, Billie, 96
Hollywood Free Paper, 241, 243
Holmes, John Clellon, 81
Holt, Len, 108
“Honkies for Huey,” 216
“Hoochie Coochie Man,” 92
Hope, Bob, 82
Horkheimer, Max, 37
Horsley, Neal, 300–301
Hoskins, Tom, 104
“Hound Dog,“67
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 149–50, 166, 169
Howl and Other Poems (Ginsburg), 79–80
“Howl” (Ginsberg), 43, 47, 80, 82
How Should We Then Live?(1976), 272
How to Sing and Play the Blues like the Phonograph and
Stage Artists, 118
How to Survive an Atomic Bomb, 17
Hughes, Langston, 61
Huguenard, Amie, 307
Humphrey, Hubert, 210
Hunke, Herbert, 47
Hunter, Meredith, 231–32
Hurt, Mississippi John, 86, 92, 99, 103, 116
Ichthus, 243
“Ida Blue,” 50
If I Should Die Before I Wake (Falwell), 271
“I Got a Woman” 67
“I Love America”
individualism: and Buckley, 138
and the folk music revival, 106
and mass culture, 16–17, 38, 39, 41, 140
and Thompson, 156
and Young Americans for Freedom, 149
integration: and Buckley, 142–43
and Christian fundamentalism, 261, 265–66
and crossover music, 50
and the folk music revival, 92
and the Freedom Singers, 115
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 265–66, 268, 274
International Workers of the World (IWW), 153, 157
““An Interracial Movement of the Poor?” (Wittman), 181
involvementism, 147
“I Shall Be Free,” 125
isolationism, 141
Israel, 249
“I Wish Wed All Been Ready” 249
Jackson, George, 218, 219, 221
Jackson, Jesse, 291
Jackson, Mahalia, 86
Jackson, Molly, 89
Jackson, Papa Charlie, 56
“Jail House Blues,” 60
jamborees, 64
James, Skip, 103
jazz: bebop, 42, 74, 78–79, 81
and Mailer, 73
and mass culture, 42
and militancy, 222
and On the Road, 77, 78–79, 81
and romance ofthe outsider, 2
and Sinclair, 221
and white rebellion, 51
JC Light and Power Company, 249
Jefferson, Blind Lemon, 92
Jefferson Airplane, 230
Jeffrey, Sharon, 164, 167, 170, 180, 183, 185
Jerry Falwell: Man of Vision (Pingry), 270
Jesus People movement, 239–54,242;
and conversion, 260
and Falwell, 238–39, 255, 256–57
and romance of the outsider, 3, 241, 303
Jesus People’s Army, 243
Jewish singers, 102
Jewitt, Bob, 296
Jim Crow America, 49–50, 51, 60–61
Jim Kweskin Jug Band, 85
John Birch Society, 133–34, 136, 143
Johnson, Bernice, 85, 111, 112. See also Reagon, Bernice Johnson
Johnson, Blind Willie, 92
Johnson, Joyce, 46
Johnson, Lyndon B., 157, 158, 183, 224
Johnson, Robert, 129
John Steinbeck Committee for Agricultural Workers, 89
Jones, Ernest, 32
Jones, Hettie, 46–47
Jones, Jeff, 217
Jones, LeRoi, 46
Jordanaires, 70
Jubilee Singers, 108
“Jump Jim Crow”“52
juvenile delinquency, 16, 17, 41, 50
Karenga, Ron (Maulana), 219, 352n 18
Keene, David, 151
Kendall, Willmoore, 141
Kennedy, James, 290
Kennedy, John F., 125, 145, 157
Kennedy, Robert F., 210
Kennedy, William, 157
Kerouac, Jack: and alienation, 134
and the Beat Generation, 45, 79–80, 81
and the civil rights movement, 166
cultural influence of, 155
and gender issues, 46
influence of writings, 13
and mass culture, 42
and Salinger, 17
and transformation, 258
Kesey, Ken, 228
Kilby State Prison, 110
“Kinder, Kuche, and Kirche as Scientific Law” (Weisstein), 234
King, Martin Luther, Jr.: and anti-abortion movement, 283, 291, 293
and civil disobedience, 280
and Falwell, 263
and folk music revivalism, 109
and Young, 289–90
King, Mary, 190
Kipnis, Samuel, 196
Koerner, John, 96
Kopkind, Andrew, 183–84, 204, 213, 231
Kopp, James Charles, 300
Korean War, 17
Krebs, Maynard G., 82
Kriyanda, 232
Ku Klux Klan, 301
labor issues, 34
“Laid Around and Stayed Around,” 104
Landau, John, 230
La Raza, 228
The Late Great Planet Earth (Lindsey), 249
Latin America, 220–21
Latinos, 228
Laughton, Charles, 70
Lavender Menace, 228
League for Industrial Democracy (LID), 172
Ledbetter, Huddie
“Leadbelly”: and Dylan, 121, 124
and folk music revivalism, 89, 96, 100, 103
and Guthrie, 333n72
and the Old Left, 112
Lee, Herbert, 109, 171, 174, 193
Lennon, John, 235
Lester, Julius, 163, 198, 205, 206, 212, 214
Letters to Street Christians (Blessitt), 241
Lewis, Furry, 96
Lewis, Jerry Lee, 79
Lewis, Sinclair, 78
Lhamon, W. T., 54
liberal theology, 247
liberation struggles, 279
The Liberator, 53
libertarianism: and Buckley, 133, 134, 141
and conservatives as outsiders, 8
and the counterculture, 152, 153
and Thompson, 158
and Young Americans for Freedom, 149
Liberty Baptist College, 272
Liberty University, 257
Library of Congress, 91–92, 93, 99, 282
Life: and the Beat Generation, 80, 82
and Catcher in the Rye, 13
and the civil rights movement, 166
and the Jesus People movement, 246, 253
on the “new domesticated man,” 40
and romance ofthe outsider, 5
“Like a Rolling Stone,” 128–29
Lindner, Robert, 41–42
Lindsey, Hal, 249
Lipsitz, George, 6
Lister Institute, 312n23
Little Red Book (Mao), 215
Little Richard (Richard Wayne Penniman), 71
The Living Room, 243
Logan, Katherine, 198
Lomax, Alan, 89–95, 98, 102, 109
Lomax, John, 88–89, 91, 93, 102
Los Angeles Free Press, 234
Los Angeles Times, 209, 264, 289
The Lost Generation, 80
Louisiana Hayride, 64
Louvin, Charlie, 72
Louvin, Ira, 72
Love Me Tender (1956), 79
Love Song, 244–45
Lowenstein, Allard, 192–94, 196
lullabies, 100
Lyman, Mel, 85
Lynchburg Baptist College, 268
Lynchburg Christian Academy, 264, 265
Lynchburg Ministerial Association, 264
Lynchburg News, 271
Lyrical Ballads (Wordsworth and Coleridge), 27–28
Maccoby, Michael, 152–53
Macdonald, Dwight, 37, 38, 40, 135, 138–39
Machtinger, Howard,220
Maddox, Lester, 263
“Maggie’s Farm,” 128
Mailer, Norman, 75
and black culture, 73–74, 78–79
influence of, 2
and the new consciousness, 18
Salinger on, 26
and transformation, 258
Malcolm X: and Black Power, 204–5, 207, 210, 214
and
Thompson on, 157–58
“Man, We’re Beat,“82
The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (Wilson), 39
A Manual for Direct Action (Oppenheimer and Lakey), 278, 282–84
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis (television), 82
Maoism, 228
March Against Fear, 208
March on Washington, 88, 181, 192, 224
marijuana, 76–77, 81, 119, 133, 146, 221–22, 301
Marjorie Morningstar (Wouk), 43–44
Marxism: and alienation, 30
and black militancy, 178
and Catcher in the Rye, 27
and Guthrie, 89
and mass culture, 35
and militancy, 216
masks, 101
mass culture: and bohemian culture, 47–48
and Buckley, 140
and Catcher in the Rye, 16, 24–25
and the folk music revival, 105
and rebel figures, 34–43
and romance of the outsider, 5–6. See also news and media
popular culture
“massification”
of life, 39
Max, Steve, 182
“Maybelline,” 50
McCalls, 41–42
McCandless, Christopher, 303–4, 304–5
McCann, Sean, 7
McCarthy, Eugene, 157
McCarthy, Joseph, 139
McCarthy, Mary, 37
McCarthy and His Enemies (Buckley and Bozell), 139, 141
McCarthyism, 34, 99, 139, 149–50
McComb, Mississippi, 86, 170–71, 173–74, 181, 193
MC-5, 221
McGhee, Brownie, 121
McGovern, George, 157
McKissick, Floyd, 144
McLaurin, Charles, 193–94
McMichen, Clayton, 104
media. See news and media
medicine shows, 57
meditation, 246
Memoirs of a Beatnik (Di Prima), 45
Memphis, Tennessee, 63
Memphis Minnie (Lizzie Douglass), 61, 120
Memphis Slim (John Len Chatman), 92
Mercury, 139
Mercury Records, 115
Meredith, James, 208
Meyer, June, 213
Michelman, Kate, 291
Miller, Dottie, 190
Miller, James, 187
Mills, C. Wright, 18–19, 135, 140, 152, 177–79
The Milton Berle Show, 67–69
“Ministers and Marches” (Falwell), 262, 264, 267
minstrelsy: and authenticity, 102
and Black Power, 208
and the civil rights movement, 108
and the folk music revival, 87, 88, 95
and Presley, 62, 63, 67, 69, 71
and rebellion, 83
and “revolutionary blackface,” 221
and romance of the outsider, 4
and roots of rock and roll, 51, 52–61
and self-transformation, 102
and “The White Negro,” 73
Missionaries to the Preborn, 299
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 193, 201, 349n 5
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission, 174
Mississippi Summer Project, 8, 189–203,195, 200, 224, 282
Monk, Thelonious, 42
Monroe, Bill, 104
Monroe, Marilyn, 42
Montgomery Improvement Association, 109
The Moondog Rock and Roll House Party, 73
Moore, Alice, 278
Moral Government Fund, 268
Moral Majority: and the anti-abortion movement, 271, 274, 278
and Christian counterculture, 286
founding of, 257
and fundamentalists as outsiders, 9
and political activism, 239
and racism, 263
Moral Man and Immoral Society (Niebuhr), 140
Morgenstern, Marjorie, 43–44
Moriarty, Dean (character), 74–77, 81, 119
Morrison, Toni, 77
Morton, Dave, 119
Moses, Robert: and anti-war activism, 224
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 192–93, 194, 196
and Seeger, 110
Movement for a Democratic Society, 231
Mungo, Raymond, 232–33
Murray, Albert, 59
Murray the K (Murray Kaufman), 144
“My Back Pages,” 126
“My Old Kentucky Home,” 55
Nash, Diane, 176
National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL), 291
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 208, 209, 279
National Association of Evangelicals, 261, 262
National Association of Manufacturers, 143
National Conference for a New Politics (NCNP), 215
National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam, 224
National Council of Churches, 201, 263
National Guardian, 125
National Liberation Front of Vietnam, 225, 227
National Park Service, 306
National Review, 132–34, 136–37, 140–43, 146, 149–50
National Student Association (NSA), 167, 169–70, 181, 194, 215, 341n11
National Welfare Rights Organization, 185
National Women’s Conference, 280
National Youth Pro-Life Coalition (NYPLC), 281
Native American culture, 246, 254n39
Native American Movement, 228, 232
Nazism, 38
Neblett, Carver
“Chico,” 111
“Negro,” 95
Negro Folksongs and Tunes, 103
Nelson, Paul, 104
The Nervous Set, 82
Newark Community Union Project (NCUP), 185
New Deal, 139, 141, 147–48, 168
New Guard, 149
New Individualist Review, 148
New Left: and anti-abortion movement, 283, 285
and the civil rights movement, 164, 179, 180, 206
and cultural separatism, 226–27, 235–36
and Dylan, 127
and evangelical Christianity, 239
and Guthrie, 125
and libertarianism, 8
and militancy, 217
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 198, 203
and National Conference for a New Politics, 215
and the New Right, 134, 135, 144, 148–49, 152–55,154
origins of, 43
and rock festivals, 231
shift away from the South, 349n5
and Thompson, 157–58
and women’s liberation, 7, 43–48
YAF poster on, 154
New Left Notes, 217
New Look, 35
New Lost City Ramblers, 90, 92, 94, 103
The New Lost City Ramblers Song Book, 99
“New Morning—Changing Weather,” 219
Newport Folk Festival: and blues, 131
described, 84–88
and Dylan, 85–87,117, 125, 128
and folk music revivalism, 92–93, 96–97, 99, 104
and the Freedom Singers, 110–11, 115–16
and rock festivals, 230
Newport Jazz Festival, 92
New Republic, 186
New Right: and anti-abortion movement, 285
and cultural history, 335–36n8
and the Jesus People movement, 254
and romance of the outsider, 7
and student conservatism, 148
and Weyrich, 266
news and media: and anti-abortion movement, 283, 297
and Black Power, 212
and Catcher in the Rye, 24
and the civil rights movement, 175
and evangelical Christianity, 260
and the Jesus People movement, 243
and political activism, 279
and romance of the outsider, 5. See also specific media outlets Newsweek, 126, 210, 211, 255, 287
Newton, Huey, 207, 209, 214, 216–18, 222
New York City: and African American culture, 73–74
and anti-abortion movement, 289, 297
and the Beat generation, 45–46
and blackface minstrelsy, 54
and Greenwich Village, 45–46, 90, 99–100, 103, 123, 156
police headquarters bombing, 220
and student activism, 176, 177
and Washington Square Park, 45, 93–95, 94
New York Daily News, 125
New York Herald Tribune, 80
New York Post, 80–81
New York Review of Books, 211
New York Times: and the Beat Generation, 79, 80
and Catcher in the Rye, 33
and the civil rights movement, 112, 113, 115
and Falwell, 295
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 190, 191–92, 198, 202
and On theRoad, 42
New York Times Book Review, 32
New York Times Magazine, 213–14
New York Tribune, 52
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 140
“1913 Massacre,” 123
Nixon, Richard M., 157, 266, 273
nonviolent protest, 157, 174, 279, 281–82, 293, 295–97
Northeast Women’s Center, 281
Northern Student Movement, 167, 177
North Vietnam, 187
Novak, Robert, 209
nuclear weapons, 5, 17, 21, 34, 249
Nuremberg Files (website), 300
objectivism, 39–40
Odetta, 176
Odum, Howard, 88
Okie music, 89, 100–101, 120–22, 125
Old Fashioned Revival Hour (radio), 257
Old Left: and alienation, 224
and anti-war activism, 179
and the civil rights movement, 108, 110
and cultural separatism, 227
and the folk music revival, 85, 92
and SDS, 180
and student activism, 164, 167, 168
The Old-Time Gospel Hour (radio), 262–63, 268, 270, 272
Oneida Community, 5
“The OnlyRebellion Around” (O’Neil), 82
Ono, Yoko, 235
“On the Right” (column), 136, 144
On the Road (Kerouac), 74–83
and alienation, 134
and Hayden, 169
influence of, 13
marketing of, 80
and mass culture, 42
and romance of the outsider, 2
and Salinger, 17
“Open Letter to ERAP Supporters and New Organizers” (Hayden), 186
Operation Rescue: and the civil rights movement, 9
and direct action, 280–81, 286–93, 296–301
and Falwell, 295
founded, 277–78
motto of, 278
New York City protests, 272
and Terry,281, 286–93,294;
and violence, 365–66n6
Operation Rescue (Terry), 290
The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 38
Ortega y Gasset, Jose, 37
Orthodox Judaism, 303
The Other America 140
Our Country and Our Culture (symposium), 38, 40
The Outsider (Wilson), 155
“Oxford Town,” 125
Paget, Debra, 69
Pankake, John, 96
paperback revolution, 15
Paradise, Sal (character), 1–2, 74–77, 119
Park, Robert, 36
Park Avenue Baptist Church, 258
Parker, Charlie, 42
Parker, Edie, 46
Partisan Review, 36–37, 38, 40
Pate, Macel, 262
Peace and Freedom Democratic Party, 216–17
A Peaceful Presence (O’Keefe), 283, 284
Pentecostalism, 3, 252, 254, 286, 292
Perfectionists, 5
Perls, Richard, 234
Peter, Paul, and Mary, 85, 94, 109, 112, 116
“Pete’s Children,” 205
Pete Seeger Freedom Concert, 109
Phillips, Dewey, 63
Phillips, Howard, 148, 149, 239
Phillips, Kevin, 335–36n8
Phillips, Sam, 62–63
phoniness, 19–21, 23–26, 76, 245
“Pick a Bale o’Cotton,” 113
Pierce, Webb, 64
Plamondon, Pun, 222–23
Planned Parenthood, 291
Playboy, 42, 81–82, 133, 145, 230
Pledge ofAllegiance, 266
Policy Review, 290
The Politician (Welch), 143
popular culture: and the anti-abortion movement, 285
and the Beat Generation, 82
and blackface minstrelsy, 56
and bohemian culture, 42–43
and Catcher in the Rye, 15–16, 17, 24–25
and Christian fundamentalism, 255, 266
and Dylan, 127
and Firing Line, 144
and folk music, 88
and Jesus People, 248
and the Newport Folk Festival, 86
and Presley, 64
and romance of the outsider, 303
and the southern student movement, 175
Popular Front, 89, 90, 121, 122, 127
Port Huron Statement, 152, 179, 180
Poussaint, Alvin, 213–14
Pratt, Minnie Bruce, 204
The Prelude (Wordsworth), 28
pre-millennial dispensationalism, 249–50
Presley, Elvis,68
and Dylan, 119
Mailer on, 74
and mass culture, 42
and roots of rock and roll, 62–72
and Salinger, 17
and self-transformation, 102
primitivism, 4, 232, 246–47, 250–52
pro-family movement, 238–39
Progressive Party, 90
Pro-Life Action League, 284
pro-life movement. See anti-abortion movement Pro-Life Non-Violent Action Project, 283
Protestantism: and abortion, 271
and anti-abortion movement, 280
and charismatic Christianity, 286
and civil disobedience, 278
and conversion, 260
and Falwell, 263
and the Jesus People movement, 247
and Pentecostalism, 253–54
and romance ofthe outsider, 5
Prothero, Stephen, 247
“Prove It on Me Blues,” 59
Psychology Today, 234–35
Quincy House, 152
racism and race issues: and anti-abortion movement, 298
and the Beat Generation, 80
and blackface minstrelsy, 52–61
and culture concept, 36
and folk music, 86, 88, 91–92, 107, 115–18
and Mailer, 73
and mass culture, 36
and militancy, 221
and Presley, 62–72
and On the Road, 76–77
and romance ofthe outsider, 303
Thompson on, 157–58. See also civil rights movement radio, 16, 49, 73
Rahv, Philip, 38
Rainey, Ma, 57, 59–60, 101, 120
Rainey, Pa, 57
“Raise Your Child to be a Rebel,” 41–42
Ramparts, 215
Rand, Ayn, 8, 39–40, 134, 144, 155–56
Random Harvest (1942), 25–26
Ray, Dave
“Snaker,” 101
“Ready Teddy,“71
Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 114–15, 125
Rebel Without a Cause (1955), 17, 44, 79, 168–69
Rebels with a Cause, 149
recording industry, 16, 56, 57, 99
Red Guard, 228
Red Power, 228
Red Scare, 30, 88. See also McCarthyism
Reformation, 253
Religious Right, 150, 277, 295, 36m29. See also conservative Christianity
evangelical Christianity
Republican Party: and Buckley, 133, 136
and Falwell, 239
and fundamentalist activism, 278, 295
and Thompson, 157
and Young Americans for Freedom, 148–50
Revolt of the Masses (Ortega y Gasset), 37
Revolutionary Action Movement, 209
Revolutionary Road (Yates), 44
Revolution in Mississippi, 174–75, 180
rhythm and blues, 50, 64. See also blues music Rice, Thomas Dartmouth
Richmond, Fritz, 84–85
Riesman, David, 39
“Right Here in America,” 244
Right On!, 243
Robison, James, 274
rock and roll music: and blackface minstrelsy, 52–61
and Buckley, 145
festivals, 230
and the folk music revival, 86–87
and the Jesus People movement, 243
Mailer on, 74
and Presley, 62–72
racial origins of, 320n24
and On the Road, 82–83
and romance of the outsider, 2, 303
“Rock Around the Clock,” 50
“Rock Island Line,” 100
Rodgers, Guy, 238
Rodgers, Jimmie, 129
Rolling Stone, 230
Rolling Stones, 231–32
romanticism: and anti-abortion movement, 292, 298
and the Beat Generation, 80
and Black Power, 8–9, 204, 205, 206, 207–14
and Catcher in the Rye, 27
and communes, 232
and cultural separatism, 228, 235
and Dylan, 131
and the Jesus People movement, 3, 241, 303
and Mailer, 73
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 194, 196–97, 202–3
“romance of the outsider”
defined, 1–7
and Salinger, 312n20
and SDS, 177
and SNCC, 189
and the southern student movement, 175
Romilly, Constancia
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 148
Roth, Robert, 220
Rourke, Constance, 53
Rustin, Bayard, 192
and bohemian culture, 45
and the civil rights movement, 166
and Dylan, 122
and the Jesus People movement, 245, 246
and the publishing industry, 14
and rebellion, 24–34
and romanticism, 312n20. See also The Catcher in the Rye
Salt Company, 243–44
Samstein, Mendy, 193–94
San Francisco Chronicle, 112
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 30–31, 155, 156
Savio, Mario, 285
Schaeffer, Francis, 271–72, 287–88
Schlafly, Phyllis, 268
Schlesinger, Arthur, 157
Schraf, Peter, 1
Scruggs, Earl, 92
SDS Bulletin, 181
Second Great Awakening, 4, 252
Second Middle Passage, 55
second-wave feminism, 250
Seeger, Charlie, 102
Seeger, Mike, 92, 94–96, 100, 102–4,122
Seeger, Pete: and Black Power, 205
and the civil rights movement, 108–18, 176, 330n50, 331n57
and folk music revivalism, 89, 90, 93, 101, 104
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 196,197
and the Newport Folk Festival, 85
Seeger, Ruth Crawford, 102
Seeger, Toshi, 111–12
segregation: and Black Power, 210, 214
and blues music, 60–61
and Christian fundamentalism, 254, 261–62
and the folk music revival, 86
and the Freedom Singers, 115
and mass culture, 34
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 189–203
and Presley, 63
and race music, 50
and the recording industry, 57–59
and sit-ins, 164
and Students for a Democratic Society, 167
and television, 49
“Segregation or Integration, Which?” (Falwell), 263
Seigel, Jerrold, 29
Semonin, Paul, 157
Sexton, Anne, 47
sexuality: and African American culture, 74
and blackface minstrelsy, 54
and blues music, 58–60
and bohemian culture, 44
and Buckley, 145–46
and Catcher in the Rye, 21–22, 29
and the civil rights movement, 164
and On the Road, 76–77
“Shake, Rattle, and Roll,” 67
Shakers, 5
Sharon Statement, 148–49
“Sh-boom,” 49–50
Shelton, Robert, 103, 112, 122–24
Sherrod, Charles, 199
Shirah, Sam, 192
Sigma Reproductive Health Services, 282–83
Silber, Irwin, 98, 99, 106, 131, 327n 16
Silent Protest Parade, 279
Sims, Zoot, 81
Sinclair, John, 221–23
Sing Out!, 97, 98–99, 106, 205
sit-in protests: and anti-abortion movement, 279, 282–84, 289, 295, 298
and the civil rights movement, 169–70, 173
and Falwell, 255–56
and Hayden, 169
and “involvementism,” 147
and Mailer’s writings, 2
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 199–200
Romilly on, 164
and shift in activist priorities, 350n7
“Six Poets at 6
Gallery,” 79
slang language, 33
Slepian, Barnett, 300
Smith, Chuck, 244–45, 248, 249
Smith, Harry, 90–91
Smith, Mamie, 57
Smucker, Tom, 231
social gospel, 267
Society for the Preservation of Spirituals, 97
Soledad Brother (Jackson), 218
Solomon’s Porch Coffee House, 243
“Somebody’s Got to Go,” 120
song catching, 4
“Song to Woody,” 123
Sontag, Susan, 18
Soul on Ice (Cleaver), 13, 218, 261
The Sound of Music (musical), 103
Southern Baptist Convention, 261
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 111, 209, 289
Southern Conference Educational Fund (SCEF), 190
“Southern Reports” (Hayden), 171
southern student movement: and anti-abortion activism, 283
and conservative activism, 147
financial support for, 172
and folk music, 114
and outsider status, 164, 166–68
and SDS, 175–76
Southern Student Organizing Committee, 192
Southern Students Human Relations Project, 190
Southern Tier Women’s Services, 288
Spanish American War, 35
speaking in tongues, 252–53
Spiegel, Michael,220
“Spirit Baptism,” 252
spiritualism, 80
Spring Mobilization Committee (MOBE), 225
Spring of Life Rescue, 295–96, 297
“Stackolee,” 96
Stalinism, 38
“Stand Up, America” (Stanley), 274
The Steve Allen Show, 81
Stone, I. F., 213
Stony Mountain Boys, 92
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 53
Street Level (album), 249
Strength, Texas Bill, 64–65
Strength for the Journey (Falwell), 257, 271
Student Committee for Congressional Autonomy, 149
Student League for Industrial Democracy (SLID), 167
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): and anti-abortion activism, 280, 282, 289, 290, 291, 296, 297
and Black Power, 205–9, 211–14, 215–16, 218, 224–26, 349–50n7
and communes, 233
and ERAP, 181, 183, 185–87, 189
and federal law enforcement, 352n18
and folk music, 85, 87, 108–16, 125, 330n50, 331n57, 332n58
and Hayden, 163–64, 166, 169–75, 177, 179–80, 344–45n44
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 196, 198–203
and the National Student Association, 167
and the New Right, 153
and the Northern Student Movement, 8, 167, 177
and the Port Huron Statement, 179
Student Power, 207
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS): and alienation, 224
goals of, 152–53
and militancy, 216–18, 224, 226
and the Mississippi Summer Project, 194, 198, 199, 203
and the Northern Student Movement, 8
and the Port Huron Statement, 152
rise of, 165–80
and Vietnam, 225
and the Weather faction, 9, 217–21, 220, 223–24
and Woodstock, 231
Student Social Action: From Liberation to Community, 177–79
“Subterranean Homesick Blues,” 217
Sullivan, Ed, 69–71
Summer ofMercy, 295
The Sun Also Rises (Hemingway), 80
“Sweet Rough Man,” 59–60
Symbionese Liberation Army, 221, 223, 224
Synder, Gary, 246
Szalay, Michael, 7
“‘Tain’t Nobody’s Bizness if I Do,” 57–58
“Talking New York,“123
“Talkin’
John Birch Paranoid Blues,” 124
Tambo and Bones, 55
Taylor, Earl, 92
television: and blackness, 79
and Dylan, 122
and Falwell, 273
and Kerouac, 81–82
and segregationist sentiment, 49
and
“The White Negro,” 73
Ten O’Clock Scholar coffeehouse, 119
Terry, Cindy, 288
background, 286–95
and the civil rights movement, 9
and direct action, 280–81, 295–302
and the romance ofthe outsider, 277–80
Terry, Sonny, 121
“That’s All Right (Mama),” 50, 63
“This Land Is Your Land,” 89, 118
Thomas, Dylan, 45
Thomas, Norman, 144
Thomas Road Baptist Church, 257, 262–64, 270, 274
Thompson, Hunter S., 8, 134, 155–59
Thompson, Mike,151
Thoreau, Henry David, 241
Thornton, Big Mama, 67
Tijerina, Reies, 222
Time: and Black Power, 214
and bohemian culture, 46
and the civil rights movement, 115
and the folk music revival, 93, 95, 104
and the Jesus People movement, 248
and mass culture, 41
and student conservatism, 147, 148
and Thompson, 156
The Times They Are A-Changin, 125, 126
Titon, JeffTodd, 93
Torbert, Carolyn, 261
Total Loss Farm (Mungo), 232–33
Touch and Sex (group), 182
The Town and the City (Kerouac), 78
Towns, Elmer, 268
traditionalism, 101, 103. See also conservative Christianity
Trans-Love Energies (TLE), 221–22
“Traveling Blues,” 59
Treadwell, Timothy, 303–4, 305–7
Trewhella, Matthew, 299–300
Trilling, Diana, 37
Tropic of Capricorn (Miller), 234
Turner, Big Joe, 67
United Auto Workers (UAW), 181
United Farm Workers, 227
United Taxpayers Party, 299
University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, 166, 224, 229, 240
University ofChicago, 176
University of Michigan, 147, 163, 164, 168, 224
Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers, 218
Upon This Rock (album), 249
U.S. Committee to Aid the National Liberation Front, 231
U.S. Department ofJustice, 193, 197
U.S. Supreme Court, 265, 267, 271, 281
US (black nationalist organization), 352n18
utopian communities, 4–5. See also communes
Vandenberg, James F., 285
vaudeville, 57
Venture, 168
“Victim of the Blues,” 59
Viereck, Peter, 139
Vietnam Day Committee, 224
Vietnam Summer, 225
Vietnam War, 9, 153, 158, 216, 224, 268, 349n 5
Viguerie, Paul, 335–36n8
Vineyard Christian Fellowship, 253
violence: and anti-abortion movement, 299–300, 302, 365–66n6
and black militancy, 215–24
and black separatism, 226
and the militia movement, 299–300
Vocations for Social Change, 232
voting rights, 142, 171, 173–74, 182,200. See also Mississippi Summer Project
Wakefield, Dan, 136
Wallace, Henry, 90
Wallace, Mike, 132
Wall Street Journal, 144, 209, 295
Ward, Brian, 49
Washington Post, 202
Washington Square Park, 45, 93–95,94
Waters, Muddy, 92
“The Way” ministry, 248
Weather Underground, 9, 217–21, 220, 223–24, 298
Weicher, John, 148
Wei Min She, 228
Weisstein, Naomi, 234
Welch, John, 143
Welch, Robert, 146
“We Shall Not Be Moved,” 113
“We Shall Overcome” 85–86, 108, 110, 175, 204, 283
We Shall Overcome (album), 113
“West Coast Rhythms” (Eberhart), 79
Westerberg, Wayne, 304
West Side Story (1961), 17
Weyrich, Paul, 266, 274, 335–36n8
What Does One Abortion Cost? 297
Whatever Happened to the Human Race? (Schaeffer and
“What We Want” (Carmichael), 211
Wheeler, April, 44
Wheeler, Frank, 44
When Life Hurts, We Can Help, 298–99
Whitaker, Dave, 119
White, Josh, 89
White Collar (Mills), 18–19
whiteface, 53
“The White Negro” (Mailer), 2, 73, 78
White Panther Party, 9, 218, 221–24
white supremacists, 36, 108, 142–43, 263–64, 301
“Who Are the Student Boat-Rockers?” 147
Whyte, William, 39
“Why the South Must Prevail” (Buckley), 142
Wichita, Kansas, 295
Wicker, Tom, 210
Wiggins, Ella Mae, 89
Wilkerson, Cathy,220
Wilkerson, David, 252
Wilkins, Roy, 209
Williams, Bert, 56
Williams, Hank, 119
Williams, Hosea, 209
Williams, Robert Pete, 92
Wills, Garry, 287
Wilson, Colin, 155
Wise, Jessie,242
Wison, Sloan, 39
Wittman, Carl, 181–82
“Woman as Nigger” (Weisstein), 235
women’s liberation movement, 7, 43–48, 267–68
Wood, Natalie, 44
Woodstock music festival, 230–31
Wordsworth, William, 27–28
Work, John W., 58–59
Wouk, Herman, 43–44
Wyatt, Jane, 42
Yale Daily News, 137
Yale University: and Buckley, 132, 135–39, 141, 146, 148
and the civil rights movement, 113
and folk music revivalism, 90
and Freedom Vote experiments, 193
and Hayden, 170
and Jenkins, 167
and the Jesus People movement, 246
Yates, Richard, 44
yoga, 246
Young, Israel
Young Americans for Freedom (YAF), 8, 134, 144, 149–51, 151, 154,239, 256
Young Lords, 228
Youth for Christ, 261
Zimmerman, Robert, 118. See also Dylan, Bob
Zinn, Howard, 190