New Latin Grammar

PART I — WORDS AND FORMS

LETTERS AND SOUNDS

Alphabet; Classification of Sounds

Orthography, Syllables, Pronunciation

Quantity and Accent

Combinations; Phonetic Changes

WORDS AND THEIR FORMS

Parts of Speech

Inflection; Root, Stem, and Base

Gender, Number, and Case

DECLENSION OF NOUNS

General Rules of Declension

First Declension

Second Declension

Third Declension

Liquid and Nasal Stems

Irregular Nouns

Rules of Gender

Fourth Declension

Fifth Declension

Defective and Variable Nouns

Names of Persons

INFLECTION OF ADJECTIVES

First and Second Declensions

Third Declension

INFLECTION OF PRONOUNS

Personal, Reflexive, Possessive, Demonstrative

Relative, Interrogative, Indefinite

Correlatives (Pronouns and Adverbs)

CONJUGATION OF VERBS

Signification: Voice, Mood, Tense

Personal Endings

Forms: Stem and Verb-Endings

The Four Conjugations; Principal Parts

Formation of the Three Stems

Synopsis of the Verb

Peculiarities of Conjugation

First Conjugation

Second Conjugation

Third Conjugation

Fourth Conjugation

Verbs in -iō of the Third Conjugation

Periphrastic Conjugations

Irregular Verbs

Defective Verbs

Impersonal Verbs

Classified Lists of Verbs

FORMATION OF WORDS

Roots and Stems

Suffixes: Primary; Significant Endings

Derivation of Nouns

Derivation of Adjectives

Nouns with Adjective Suffixes; Irregular Derivatives

Derivation of Verbs

PART II —SYNTAX

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

Definitions: Subject and Predicate, Modification, etc

Agreement: the Four Concords

NOUNS: Apposition; Predicate Agreement

Rules of Agreement

Personal and Demonstrative

Alius and alter

Verb and Subject, Incomplete Sentences

PARTICLES : Adverbs, Conjunctions, Negatives

CONSTRUCTION OF CASES

Introductory Note

NOMINATIVE CASE

Genitive with Nouns

Possessive Genitive

Genitive of Material, of Quality

Partitive Genitive

Objective Genitive

Genitive with Adjectives

Genitive with Verbs

Verbs of Remembering and Forgetting

Verbs of Reminding

Verbs of Accusing, Condemning, and Acquitting

Verbs of Feeling

Interest and rēfert

Verbs of Plenty and Want; Special Verbs

Peculiar Genitives: Exclamatory, etc

Indirect Object with Transitives

Indirect Object with Intransitives

Dative of Possession

Dative of the Agent

Dative of Reference

Dative of Separation

Dative of the Purpose or End

Dative with Adjectives

ACCUSATIVE CASE

Cognate Accusative

Two Accusatives

Idiomatic and Special Uses

Uses of the Ablative Proper

Ablative of Separation

Ablative of Source and Material

Ablative of Cause

Ablative of Agent

Ablative of Comparison

Uses of the Ablative as Instrumental

Ablative of Means or Instrument

Ablative of Manner

Ablative of Accompaniment

Ablative of Degree of Difference

Ablative of Quality

Ablative of Price

Ablative of Specification

Ablative Absolute

Uses of the Ablative as Locative

SPECIAL USES OF PREPOSITIONS

SYNTAX OF THE VERB

Introductory Note

INDICATIVE MOOD

SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDEPENDENT SENTENCES

Hortatory Subjunctive

Hortatory Subjunctive in Concessions

Optative Subjunctive

Deliberative Subjunctive

Potential Subjunctive

IMPERATIVE MOOD

Prohibition (Negative Command)

INFINITIVE MOOD

Infinitive as Noun

Infinitive with Impersonals

Complementary Infinitive

Infinitive with Subject Accusative

Infinitive of Purpose ; Peculiar Infinitives

Exclamatory Infinitive

Historical Infinitive

Introductory Note

TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE

Imperfect Tense

Pluperfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense

Epistolary Tenses

TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE

Sequence of Tenses

TENSES OF THE INFINITIVE

Distinctions of Tense

Uses of Participles

Future Active Participle

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

GERUND AND GERUNDIVE

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Introductory Note

Protasis and Apodosis

Classification of Conditions

Simple Present and Past Conditions

Future Conditions

Conditions Contrary to Fact

General Conditions

Conditional Relative Clauses

Condition Disguised

Condition Omitted

Complex Conditions

Clauses of Comparison (Conclusion Omitted)

Use of Si and its Compounds

CONCESSIVE CLAUSES

CLAUSES OF PROVISO

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (FINAL CLAUSES)

CLAUSES OF CHARACTERISTIC

CLAUSES OF RESULT (CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES)

TEMPORAL CLAUSES

Ubi, ut, cum, quand5, as Indefinite Relatives

Postquam, ubi, ut, simul atque

Cum Causal or Concessive

Antequam and priusquam

Dum, dōnec, and quoad

CLAUSES WITH quīn AND quōminus

SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES

Introductory Note

Substantive Clauses of Purpose and Infinitive Clauses

Substantive Clauses of Result (Consecutive Clauses)

Indicative with quod

Indirect Questions

INDIRECT DISCOURSE

Introductory Note

Declaratory Sentences

Subordinate Clauses

Tenses of the Infinitive

Tenses of the Subjunctive

Questions in Indirect Discourse

Commands in Indirect Discourse

Conditions in Indirect Discourse

INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES

Informal Indirect Discourse

Subjunctive of Integral Part (Attraction)

IMPORTANT RULES OF SYNTAX

Structure of the Period

Introductory Note

Measures of Rhythm ; Feet

The Musical Accent; Cæsura ; Diæresis

The Verse; Scansion and Elision

Dactylic Hexamete

Elegiac Stanza; Other Dactylic Verses

Iambic Trimeter

Other Iambic Measures

Logaœdic Verse

Metres of Horace

Index to the Metres of Horace

Other Lyric Poets

Miscellaneous Measures

Reckoning of Time

Measures of Value, Length, and Capacity

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

INDEX OF WORDS AND SUBJECTS

LATIN AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS