Reading_People_epubCS17-19

1. Brent W. Roberts and Wendy F. DelVecchio, “The Rank-Order Consistency of Personality Traits from Childhood to Old Age: A Quantitative Review of Longitudinal Studies,” Psychological Bulletin 126, no. 1 (January 2000): 3–25.

2. Baffled? It’s “sleepy” + “angry.”

1. The book is Florence Littauer’s Personality Plus: How to Understand Others by Understanding Yourself (Grand Rapids: Revell, 1992), which has been reprinted numerous times since its initial printing in 1983.

2. Originally attributed to Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, vol. 2, chap. VI. From Spanish “de todos ha de haber en el mundo,” which literally translates to “there must be of all [types] in the world.” Thomas Shelton, Don Quixote’s first translator, wrote this in 1620 as “In the world there must surely be all sorts.” It has appeared in various forms since.

3. Henry Southgate, Many Thoughts of Many Minds: A Treasury of Reference (London: Griffin, Bohn, and Company, 1862), 338.

4. Christopher Alexander, The Luminous Ground: The Nature of Order (Berkeley, CA: Center for Environmental Structure, 2002), 297.

5. David Keirsey, Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence (Del Mar, CA: Prometheus Nemesis Book Company, 1998), 250.

1. Susan Cain, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking (New York: Broadway Books, 2012).

2. Maia Szalavitz, “Q&A with Susan Cain on the Power of Introverts,” Time, January 27, 2012, healthland.time.com/2012/01/27/mind-reading-qa-with-susan-cain-on-the-power-of-introverts/.

3. Isabel Briggs Myers with Peter B. Myers, Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type (Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishing, 1980), 7.

4. Scott Barry Kaufman, “Can Personality Be Changed?” Atlantic, July 26, 2016, www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/07/can-personality-be-changed/492956/.

5. Cain, Quiet, 3; Cain is citing research by Rowan Bayne, Isabel Myers, the Center for Applications of Psychological Type Research Services, and Jean M. Twenge.

6. Szalavitz, “Q&A with Susan Cain.”

7. Winifred Gallagher, quoting J. D. Higley, “How We Become What We Are,” Atlantic 274, no. 3 (September 1994): 48.

8. William Revelle, Michael S. Humphreys, Lisa Simon, and Kirby Gilliland, “The Interactive Effect of Personality, Time of Day, and Caffeine: A Test of the Arousal Model,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 109, no. 1 (March 1980): 1.

9. Ibid.

10. Carl Jung, as quoted by Susan Cain, “The Power of Introverts,” TED video, 7:22, filmed February 2012, posted March 2012, www.ted.com/talks/susan_cain_the_power_of_introverts?language=en.

11. Does Jung have the last word on this aspect of personality? Of course not. But it’s important to understand his beliefs on introversion and extroversion now or the Myers-Briggs chapters won’t make sense later.

12. I like the Quiet Revolution Personality Test found at www.quietrev.com/the-introvert-test, even though it will categorize you as an introvert, extrovert, or ambivert.

13. Adam McHugh, Introverts in the Church: Finding Our Place in an Extroverted Culture (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2009).

14. Cain, Quiet, 19–33.

1. Elaine N. Aron, The Highly Sensitive Person: How to Thrive When the World Overwhelms You (New York: Broadway Books, 1996), 98.

2. Ibid.

3. Elaine N. Aron, The Highly Sensitive Child: Helping Our Children Thrive When the World Overwhelms Them (New York: Broadway Books, 2002), 7–8.

4. Take the self-test for highly sensitive people in The Highly Sensitive Person. A similar self-test for highly sensitive children is in her book The Highly Sensitive Child. Both self-tests are also available online at hsperson.com/test.

5. Elaine Aron, “Coping Corner: Noise!” The Highly Sensitive Person Comfort Zone Newsletter II, issue 1 (February 1997).

1. Gary Chapman, The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love That Lasts (Chicago: Northfield Publishing, 1992).

2. Ibid., 19–24.

3. Gary Chapman and Paul White, The 5 Languages of Appreciation in the Workplace: Empowering Organizations by Encouraging People (Chicago: Northfield Publishing, 2011).

1. This is a real site, available at www.randombabynames.com.

2. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 282.

3. Ibid., 22–26.

4. William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act 1, scene 2, line 68.

5. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 4–11; see also www.keirsey.com/sorter/register.aspx.

6. I’m including the corresponding Myers-Briggs shorthand because Keirsey did, and it will ultimately help the reader see how the two systems fit together. If you’re unfamiliar with Myers-Briggs and find these notations confusing, don’t worry about it now. We unpack that in the next chapter.

7. “Portrait of the Artisan,” Keirsey.com, accessed February 28, 2017, www.keirsey.com/4temps/artisan_overview.asp.

8. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 62.

9. “Portrait of the Guardian,” Keirsey.com, accessed February 28, 2017, www.keirsey.com/4temps/guardian_overview.asp.

10. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 103.

11. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 100. Keirsey says, “Indeed, nearly half of the forty-one Presidents of the United States have been Guardians, their attitude toward the office summed up in the words of Jimmy Carter: ‘The President of the United States is the steward of the nation’s destiny.’”

12. L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables (Boston: L. C. Page & Co, 1908), 68.

13. Anne Shirley is, of course, L. M. Montgomery’s character from the eponymous novel Anne of Green Gables (Boston: L. C. Page & Co, 1908), but this exchange is from the 1985 movie, also called Anne of Green Gables, directed by Kevin Sullivan (Toronto, ON: Sullivan Entertainment, 1985).

14. “Portrait of the Idealist,” Keirsey.com, accessed February 28, 2017, www.keirsey.com/4temps/idealist_overview.asp.

15. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 148.

16. You’ve Got Mail, directed by Nora Ephron (Burbank, CA: Warner Bros., 1998), DVD.

17. “Portrait of the Rational,” Keirsey.com, accessed February 28, 2017, www.keirsey.com/4temps/rational_overview.asp.

18. Keirsey, Please Understand Me II, 195.

19. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (London: Thomas Egerton, 1813).

20. Lyle W. Dorsett, ed., The Essential C. S. Lewis (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 369.

1. Myers with Myers, Gifts Differing, xi–xv.

2. You’ll often see the word intuition written as “iNtuition” when MBTI is involved. This is to differentiate the Introversion and Intuition preferences, which both begin with the letter i. In MBTI shorthand, I is for Introversion and N is for iNtuition.

3. Charles R. Martin, Looking at Type: The Fundamentals (Gainesville, FL: Center for Applications of Psychological Type, 2001).

4. “Estimated Frequencies of the Types in the United States Population,” Center for Applications of Psychological Type, accessed March 1, 2017, www.capt.org/mbti-assessment/estimated-frequencies.htm?bhcp=1.

5. Martin, Looking at Type.

6. Check out the books in the Recommended Resources section pertaining to the Myers-Briggs Type Index and Keirsey’s temperaments. Of the MBTI personality descriptions available online, I especially like those at www.personalitypage.com.

7. Brian Kolodiejchuk, Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light (New York: Doubleday, 2007), 34.

8. David B. Goldstein and Otto Kroeger, Creative You: Using Your Personality Type to Thrive (New York: Atria, 2013), 131.

9. Ibid., 154.

10. “Quick Facts,” CPP, accessed March 1, 2017, www.cpp.com/products/mbti/index.aspx.

11. John M. Gottman, The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work: A Practical Guide from the Country’s Foremost Relationship Expert (New York: Harmony, 1999), 129–30.

12. “Take the MBTI® Instrument,” The Myers & Briggs Foundation, accessed March 1, 2017, www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/take-the-mbti-instrument/.

13. The official MBTI assessment is exclusively administered by CPP and can be taken at www.mbtionline.com/TaketheMBTI. The cost at time of publication was $49.95, plus tax.

14. Found at www.16personalities.com/free-personality-test.

15. Go to www.personalitypage.com/html/portraits.html to access Personality Page Type Portraits for each of the sixteen types.

16. Goldstein and Kroeger, Creative You, 131.

1. Tom Rath, StrengthsFinder 2.0 (New York: Gallup, 2007), i.

2. Ibid., 20.

3. The Gallup Strengths Center Store can be found at www.gallupstrengthscenter.com/purchase/en-US/Product?Path=Clifton%20StrengthsFinder. The cost at time of publication was $15.00.

4. “Frequently Asked Questions,” Gallup Strengths Center, accessed March 2, 2017, strengths.gallup.com/help/general/125483/retake-Clifton-StrengthsFinder-assessment-taking-Clifton-StrengthsFinder-once-af-aspx.

5. These ideas for action were included in my personalized Strengths Insight and Action-Planning Guide; however, ideas for action for all thirty-four themes can be found in StrengthsFinder 2.0.

6. Ibid.

1. Richard Rohr and Andreas Ebert, The Enneagram: A Christian Perspective (New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 2001), 8–11.

2. Don Richard Riso and Russ Hudson, The Wisdom of the Enneagram, (New York: Bantam, 1999), 22.

3. Ibid., 22–25.

4. The name Enneagram comes from the Greek words ennea, meaning nine, and gram, meaning something written or drawn.

5. Rohr and Ebert, The Enneagram, 33.

6. Ibid., xii–xiii; type descriptions for the nine types given here (e.g., “the need to be perfect”).

7. Riso and Hudson, The Wisdom of the Enneagram, 75.

8. Available at the Enneagram Institute’s website: www.enneagraminstitute.com.

9. Richard Rohr, Everything Belongs: The Gift of Contemplative Prayer (New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 1999), 75.

10. I like the reflection questions for each type in David Daniels and Virginia Price’s book The Essential Enneagram: The Definitive Personality Test and Self-Discovery Guide (New York: HarperOne, 2000).

11. The VIM method in a nutshell:

Vision: First, you need to catch the vision of where you could go, of who you could be if you changed. What would that person look like? Picture it in your mind’s eye.

Intention: Commit to the process. Willard calls this our “intention.” You must decide that you truly intend to change and are willing to do what it takes to make that happen. In theory, this is the simplest step, although getting to the point where you’re ready to change is anything but easy. For effective change to happen, you have to decide to do it.

Methods: Finally, you must determine methods, or practices, that will make this change possible. For Willard, this often meant the classic spiritual disciplines: reading, prayer, reflection, worship, solitude.

12. Daniels and Price, The Essential Enneagram, 80–109; these pages contain an in-depth examination of what the 4As look like for each Enneagram type.

13. Riso and Hudson, The Wisdom of the Enneagram, 35.

14. Don Richard Riso and Russ Hudson, Discovering Your Personality Type: The Essential Introduction to the Enneagram (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003), 87.

1. Christopher J. Soto, Oliver P. John, Samuel D. Gosling, and Jeff Potter, “Age Differences in Personality Traits from 10 to 65. Big Five Domains and Facets in a Large Cross-Sectional Sample,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100, no. 2 (February 2011): 330–48.

2. Kaufman, “Can Personality Be Changed?”

3. Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Ballantine, 2006).

4. Ibid.

5. Gottman, The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work, 23.

6. Winston Churchill, speech in the British House of Commons regarding the rebuilding of the Commons Chamber, which was destroyed by German bombs during the blitz, October 28, 1944. London, October 28, 1943.

7. Gretchen Rubin, Better Than Before: Mastering the Habits of Our Everyday Lives (New York: Crown Publishers, 2015), xi.

8. Ibid., 58–73.

9. Aimee Groth, “You’re the Average of the Five People You Spend the Most Time With,” Business Insider, July 24, 2012, www.businessinsider.com/jim-rohn-youre-the-average-of-the-five-people-you-spend-the-most-time-with-2012–7.

10. Jane Austen, Emma (London, 1815).

11. Winifred Gallagher, Rapt: Attention and the Focused Life (New York: Penguin, 2009), 53.

Notes