SECTION IV
1. Τὰς κυούσας φαρμακεύειν, ἢν ὀργᾷ, τετράμηνα καὶ ἄχρι ἑπτὰ μηνῶν, ἧσσον δὲ ταύτας τὰ δὲ νήπια καὶ τὰ πρεσβύτερα εὐλαβέεσθαι χρή.
1. We must purge pregnant women, if matters be turgid (in a state of orgasm?), from the fourth to the seventh month, but less freely in the latter; in the first and last stages of pregnancy it should be avoided.
2. Ἐν τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι τοιαῦτα ἄγειν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος, ὁκοῖα καὶ αὐτόματα ἰόντα χρήσιμα, τὰ δὲ ἐναντίως ἰόντα παύειν,
2. In purging we should bring away such matters from the body as it would be advantageous had they come away spontaneously; but those of an opposite character should be stopped.
3. Ἢν μὲν οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι, καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσι, τὰ δὲ ἐναντία, δυσχερῶς.
3. If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, it is beneficial and well borne; but if the contrary, with difficulty.
4. Φαρμακεύειν θέρεος μὲν μᾶλλον τὰς ἄνω, χειμῶνος δὲ τὰς κάτω.
4. We should rather purge upward in summer, and downward in winter.
5. Ὑπὸ κύνα καὶ πρὸ κυνὸς ἐργώδεες αἱ φαρμακεῖαι.
5. About the time of the dog-days, and before it, the administration of purgatives is unsuitable.
6. Τοὺς ἰσχνοὺς τοὺς εὐημέας ἄνω φαρμακεύειν, ὑποστελλομένους χειμῶνα.
6. Lean persons who are easily made to vomit should be purged upward, avoiding the winter season.
7. Τοὺς δὲ δυσημέας καὶ μέσως εὐσάρκους, κάτω, ὑποστελλομένους θέρος.
7. Persons who are difficult to vomit, and are moderately fat, should be purged downward, avoiding the summer season.
8. Τοὺς δὲ φθινώδεας, ὑποστελλομένους τὰς ἄνω.
8. We must be guarded in purging phthisical persons upward.
9. Τοὺς δὲ μελαγχολικοὺς, ἁδροτέρως τὰς κάτω, τῷ αὐτῷ λογισμῷ τἀναντία προστιθείς.
9. And from the same mode of reasoning, applying the opposite rule to melancholic persons, we must purge them freely downward.
10. Φαρμακεύειν ἐν τοῖσι λίην ὀξέσιν, ἢν ὀργᾷ, αὐθημερόν χρονίζειν γὰρ ἐν τοῖσι τοιουτέοισι κακόν.
10. In very acute diseases, if matters be in a state of orgasm, we may purge on the first day, for it is a bad thing to procrastinate in such cases.
11. Ὁκόσοισι στρόφοι, καὶ περὶ ὀμφαλὸν πόνοι, καὶ ὀσφύος ἄλγημα μὴ λυόμενον μήτε ὑπὸ φαρμακείης, μήτ’ ἄλλως, εἰς ὕδρωπα ξηρὸν ἱδρύεται.
11. Those cases in which there are tormina, pains about the umbilicus, and pains about the loins, not removed either by purgative medicines or otherwise, usually terminate in dry dropsy.
12. Ὁκόσοισι κοιλίαι λειεντεριώδεες, χειμῶνος φαρμακεύειν ἄνω, κακόν
12. It is a bad thing to purge upward in winter persons whose bowels are in a state of lientery.
13. Πρὸς τοὺς ἐλλεβόρους τοῖσι μὴ Ρηϊδίως ἄνω καθαιρομένοισι,
πρὸ τῆς πόσιος προϋγραίνειν τὰ σώματα πλείονι τροφῇ καὶ ἀναπαύσει.
13. Persons who are not easily purged upward by the hellebores, should have their bodies moistened by plenty of food and rest before taking the draught.
14. Ἐπὴν πίῃ τις ἐλλέβορον, πρὸς μὲν τὰς κινήσιας τῶν σωμάτων μᾶλλον ἄγειν, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ὕπνους καὶ μὴ κινήσιας, ἧσσον δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ̣ ναυτιλίη, ὅτι κίν̣σις τὰ σώματα ταράσσει.
14. When one takes a draught of hellebore, one should be made to move more about, and indulge less in sleep and repose. Sailing on the sea shows that motion disorders the body.
15. Ἐπὴν βούλῃ μᾶλλον ἄγειν τὸν ἐλλέβορον, κίνει τὸ σῶμα ἐπὴν δὲ παῦσαι, ὕπνον ποίει, καὶ μὴ κίνει.
15. When you wish the hellebore to act more, move the body, and when to stop, let the patient get sleep and rest.
16. Ἐλλέβορος ἐπικίνδυνος τοῖσι τὰς σάρκας ὑγιέας ἔχουσι, σπασμὸν γὰρ ἐμποιέει.
16. Hellebore is dangerous to persons whose flesh is sound, for it induces convulsion.
17. Ἀπυρέτῳ ἐόντι, ἀποσιτίη, καὶ καρδιωγμὸς, καὶ σκοτόδινος, καὶ στόμα ἐκτικρούμενον, ἄνω φαρμακείης δέεσθαι σημαίνει.
17. Anorexia, heartburn, vertigo, and a bitter taste of the mouth, in a person free from fever, indicate the want of purging upward.
18. Τὰ ὑπὲρ τῶν φρενῶν ὀδυνήματα ἄνω φαρμακείην σημαίνει ὁκόσα δὲ κάτω, κάτω.
18. Pains seated above the diaphragm indicate purging upward, and those below it, downward.
19. Ὁκόσοι ἐν τῇσι φαρμακοποσίῃσι μὴ διψῶσι, καθαιρόμενοι οὐ παύονται πρὶν ἢ διψήσωσι̣
19. Persons who have no thirst while under the action of a purgative medicine, do not cease from being purged until they become thirsty.
20. Ἀπυρέτοισιν ἐοῦσιν, ἢν γίνηται στρόφος, καὶ γουνάτων βάρος, καὶ ὀσφύος ἄλγημα, κάτω φαρμακείης δεῖσθαι σημαίνει.
20. If persons free from fever be seized with tormina, heaviness of the knees, and pains of the loins, this indicates that purging downward is required.
21. Ὑποχωρήματα μέλανα, οἱονεὶ αἷμα, ἀπὸ ταυτομάτου ἰόντα, καὶ ξὺν πυρετῷ, καὶ ἄνευ πυρετοῦ, κάκιστα καὶ ὁκόσῳ ἂν τὰ χρώματα πλείω καὶ πονηρότερα ᾖ, μᾶλλον.
κάκιον ξὺν φαρμάκῳ δὲ ἄμεινον, καὶ ὁκόσῳ ἂν πλείω χρώματα ᾖ, οὐ πονηρόν.
21. Alvine dejections which are black, like blood, taking place spontaneously, either with or without fever, are very bad; and the more numerous and unfavorable the colors, so much the worse; when with medicine it is better, and a variety of colors in this case is not bad.
22. Νοσημάτων ὁκόσων ἀρχομένων, ἢν χολὴ μέλαινα ἢ ἄνω ἢ κάτω ὑπέλθῃ, θανάσιμον.
22. When black bile is evacuated in the beginning of any disease whatever, either upward or downward, it is a mortal symptom.
23. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐκ νουσημάτων ὀξέων ἢ πολυχρονίων, ἢ ἐκ τρωμάτων, ἢ ἄλλως πως λελεπτυσμένοισι χολὴ μέλαινα ἢ ὁκοῖον αἷμα μέλαν ὑπέλθῃ, τῇ ὑστεραίῃ ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
23. In persons attenuated from any disease, whether acute or chronic, or from wounds, or any other cause, if there be a discharge either of black bile, or resembling black blood, they die on the following day.
24. Δυσεντερίη ἢν ἀπὸ χολῆς μελαίνης ἄρξηται, θανάσιμον.
24. Dysentery, if it commence with black bile, is mortal.
25. Αἷμα ἄνω μὲν ὁκοῖον ἂν ᾖ, κακὸν, κάτω δὲ, ἀγαθὸν, καὶ τὰ μέλανα ὑποχωρέοντα.
25. Blood discharged upward, whatever be its character, is a bad symptom, but downward it is (more?) favorable, and so also black dejections.
26. Ἢν ὑπὸ δυσεντερίης ἐχομένῳ ὁκοῖαι σάρκες ὑποχωρήσωσι, θανάσιμον.
26. If in a person ill of dysentery, substances resembling flesh be discharged from the bowels, it is a mortal symptom.
27. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρε̣οῖσιν αἱμοῤΡαγέει πλῆθος ὁκοθενοῦν, ἐν τῇσιν ἀναλήψεσι τουτέοισιν αἱ κοιλίαι καθυγραίνονται.
27. In whatever cases of fever there is a copious hemorrhage from whatever channel, the bowels are in a loose state during convalescence.
28. Ὁκόσοισι χολώδεα τὰ διαχωρήματα, κωφώσιος γενομένης παύεται, καὶ ὁκόσοισι κώφωσις, χολωδέων γενομένων παύεται.
28. In all cases whatever, bilious discharges cease if deafness supervenes, and in all cases deafness ceases when bilious discharges supervene.
29. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν ἑκταίοισιν ἐοῦσι Ρίγεα γίνεται, δύσκριτα.
29. Rigors which occur on the sixth day have a difficult crisis.
30. Ὁκόσοισι παροξυσμοὶ γίνονται, ̣ν ἂν ὥρην ἀφῇ, ἐς τὴν αὔριον τὴν αὐτὴν ὥρην ἢν λάβῃ, δύσκριτα.
30. Diseases attended with paroxysms, if at the same hour that the fever leaves it return again next day, are of difficult crisis.
31. Τοῖσι κοπιώδεσιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἐς ἄρθρα καὶ παρὰ τὰς γνάθους μάλιστα ἀποστάσιες γίνονται.
31. In febrile diseases attended with a sense of lassitude, deposits form about the joints, and especially those of the jaws.
32. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἀνισταμένοισιν ἐκ τῶν νούσων τι πονέσει, ἐνταῦθα ἀποστάσιες γίνονται.
32. In convalescents from diseases, if any part be pained, there deposits are formed.
33. Ἀτὰρ ἢν καὶ προπεπονηκός τι ᾖ πρὸ τοῦ νοσέειν, ἐνταῦθα στηρίζει ἡ νοῦσος.
33. But if any part be in a painful state previous to the illness, there the disease fixes.
34. Ἢν ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος ἐν τῇ φάρυγγι, πνὶξ ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστῇ, θανάσιμον.
34. If a person laboring under a fever, without any swelling in the fauces, be seized with a sense of suffocation suddenly, it is a mortal symptom.
35. Ἢν ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ ὁ τράχηλος ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστραφῇ, καὶ μόλις καταπίνειν δύνηται, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος, θανάσιμον.
35. If in a person with fever, the become suddenly distorted, and he cannot swallow unless with difficulty, although no swelling be present, it is a mortal symptom.
36. Ἰδρῶτες πυρεταίνουσιν ἢν ἄρξωνται, ἀγαθοὶ τριταῖοι, καὶ πεμπταῖοι, καὶ ἑβδομαῖοι, καὶ ἐναταῖοι, καὶ ἑνδεκαταῖοι, καὶ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκαταῖοι, καὶ ἑπτακαιδεκαταῖοι, καὶ μιῇ καὶ εἰκοστῇ, καὶ ἑβδόμῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ, καὶ τριηκοστῇ πρώτῃ, καὶ τριηκοστῇ
τετάρτῃ οὗτοι γὰρ οἱ ἱδρῶτες νούσους κρίνουσιν οἱ δὲ μὴ οὕτω γινόμενοι πόνον σημαίνουσι καὶ μῆκος νούσου καὶ ὑποτροπιασμούς.
36. Sweats, in febrile diseases, are favorable, if they set in on the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, fourteenth, seventeenth, twenty-first, twenty-seventh, and thirty-fourth day, for these sweats prove a crisis to the disease; but sweats not occurring thus, indicate pain, a protracted disease, and relapses.
37. Οἱ ψυχροὶ ἱδρῶτες, ξὺν μὲν ὀξεῖ πυρετῷ γινόμενοι, θάνἀτον, ξὺν πρηϋτέρῳ δὲ, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνουσιν.
37. Cold sweats occurring with an acute fever, indicate death; and along with a milder one, a protracted disease.
38. Καὶ ὅκου ἔνι τοῦ σώματος ἱδρὼς, ἐνταῦθα φράζει τὴν νοῦσον.
38. And in whatever part of the body there is a sweat, it shows that the disease is seated there.
39. Καὶ ὅκου ἔνι τοῦ σώματος θερμὸν ἢ ψυχρὸν, ἐνταῦθα ἡ νοῦσος.
39. And in whatever part of the body heat or cold is seated, there is disease.
40. Καὶ ὅκου ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι μεταβολαὶ, καὶ ἢν τὸ σῶμα καταψύχηται, ἢ αὖθις θερμαίνηται, ἢ χρῶμα ἕτερον ἐξ ἑτέρου γίνηται, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει.
40. And wherever there are changes in the whole body, and if the body be alternately cold and hot, or if one color succeed another, this indicates a protracted disease.
41. Ἰδρὼς πουλὺς ἐξ ὕπνου ἄνευ τινὸς αἰτίης φανερῆς γινόμενος, τὸ σῶμα σημαίνει ὅτι πλείονι τροφῇ χρέεται ἢν δὲ τροφὴν μὴ λαμβάνοντι τοῦτο γίγνηται, σημαίνει ὅτι κενώσιος δέεται.
41. A copious sweat after sleep occuring without any manifest cause, indicates that the body is using too much food. But if it occur when one is not taking food, it indicates that evacuation is required.
42. Ἰδρὼς πουλὺς ψυχρὸς ἢ θερμὸς αἰεὶ Ρέων, ὁ μὲν ψυχρὸς, μέζω, ὁ δὲ θερμὸς, ἐλάσσω, νοῦσον σημαίνει.
42. A copious sweat, whether hot or cold, flowing continuously, indicates, the cold a greater, and the hot a lesser disease.
43. Οἱ πυρετοὶ ὁκόσοι, μὴ διαλείποντες, διὰ τρίτης ἰσχυρότεροι γίνονται, ἐπικίνδυνοι ὅτῳ δ’ ἂν τρόπῳ διαλείπωσι, σημαίνει ὅτι ἀκίνδυνοι.
43. Fevers, not of the intermittent type, which are exacerbated on the third day, are dangerous; but if they intermit in any form, this indicates that they are not dangerous.
44. Ὁκόσοισι πυρετοὶ μακροὶ, τουτέοισι φύματα ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐγγίνονται.
44. In cases attended with protracted fevers, tubercles ( phymata ） or pains occur about the joints.
45. Ὁκόσοισι φύματα, ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐκ πυρετῶν γίγνονται, οὗτοι σιτίοισι πλείοσι χρέονται.
45. When tubercles ( phymata ) or pains attack the joints after fevers, such persons are using too much food.
46. Ἢν Ρῖγος ἐπιπίπτῃ πυρετῷ μὴ διαλείποντι, ἤδη ἀσθενεῖ ἐόντι, θανάσιμον.
46. If in a fever not of the intermittent type a rigor seize a person already much debilitated, it is mortal.
47. Αἱ ἀποχρέμψιες αἱ ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσιν, αἱ πελιδναὶ, καὶ αἱματώδεες, καὶ δυσώδεες, καὶ χολώδεες, πᾶσαι κακαί ἀποχωρέουσαι δὲ καλῶς, ἀγαθαὶ, καὶ κατὰ
τὰς διαχωρήσιας, καὶ κατὰ τὰ ο̣ρα ἢν δε μή τι τῶν ξυμφερόντων ἐκκρίνηται διὰ τῶν τόπων τούτων, κακόν.
47. In fevers not of the intermittent type, expectorations which are livid bloody, fetid and bilious, are all bad; but if evacuated properly, they are favorable. So it is with the alvine evacuations and the urine. But if none of the proper excretions take place by these channels, it is bad.
48. Ἐν τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἢν τὰ μὲν ἔξω ψυχρὰ ᾖ, τὰ δὲ ἔνδον καίηται, καὶ δίψαν ἔχῃ, θανάσιμον.
48. In fevers not of the intermittent type, if the external parts be cold, but the internal be burnt up, and if there be thirst, it is a mortal symptom.
49. Ἐν μὴ διαλείποντι πυρετῷ, ἢν χεῖλος, ἢ ὀφρὺς, ἢ ὀφθαλμὸς, ἢ Ρὶς διαστραφῇ, ἢν μὴ βλέπῃ, ἢν μὴ ἀκούῃ, ἀσθενέος ἐόντος τοῦ κάμνοντος, ὅ τι ἂν τουτέων γένηται, ἐγγὺς ὁ θάνατος.
49. In a fever not of the intermittent type, if a lip, an eye-brow, an eye, or the nose, be distorted; or if there be loss of sight or of hearing, and the patient be in a weak state-whatever of these symptoms occur, death is at hand.
50. Ὅκου ἐν πυρετῷ μὴ διαλείποντι δύσπνοια γίνεται καὶ παραφροσύνη, θανάσιμον.
50. Apostemes in fevers which are not resolved at the first crisis, indicate a protracted disease.
51. Ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν ἀποστήματα μὴ λυόμενα πρὸς τὰς πρώτας κρίσιας, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει.
51. When in a fever not of the intermittent type dyspnoea and delirium come on, the case is mortal.
52. Ὁκόσοι ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἢ ἐν τῇσιν ἄλλῃσιν ἀῤΡωστίῃσι κατὰ προαίρεσιν δακρύουσιν, οὐδὲν ἄτοπον ὁκόσοι δὲ μὴ κατὰ προαίρεσιν, ἀτοπώτερον.
52. When persons in fevers, or in other illnesses, shed tears voluntarily, it is nothing out of place; but when they shed tears involuntarily, it is more so.
53. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ὀδόντων ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι περίγλισχρα γίνεται, ἰσχυρότεροι γίνονται οἱ πυρετοί.
53. In whatever cases of fever very viscid concretions form about the teeth, the fevers turn out to be particularly strong.
54. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐπὶ πουλὺ βῆχες ξηραὶ, βραχέα ἐρεθίζουσαι, ἐν πυρετοῖσι καυσώδεσιν, οὐ πάνυ τι διψώδεές εἰσιν.
54. In whatever case of ardent fever dry coughs of a tickling nature with slight expectoration are long protracted, there is usually not much thirst.
55. Οἱ ἐπὶ βουβῶσι πυρετοὶ, πάντες κακοὶ, πλὴν τῶν ἐφημέρων.
55. All fevers complicated with buboes are bad, except ephemerals.
56. Πυρέσσοντι ἱδρὼς ἐπιγενόμενος, μὴ ἐκλείποντος τοῦ πυρετοῦ, κακόν μηκύνει γὰρ ἡ νοῦσος, καὶ ὑγρασίην πλείω σημαίνει.
56. Sweat supervening in a case of the fever ceasing, is bad, for the disease is protracted, and it indicates more copious humors.
57. Ὑπὸ σπασμοῦ ἢ τετάνου ἐχομένῳ πυρετὸς ἐπιγενόμενος λύει τὸ νόσημα.
57. Fever supervening in a case of confirmed spasm, or of tetanus, removes the disease.
58. Ὑπὸ καύσου ἐχομένῳ, ἐπιγενομένου Ρίγεος, λύσις.
58. A rigor supervening in a case of ardent fever, produces resolution of it.
59. Τριταῖος ἀκριβὴς κρίνεται ἐν ἑπτὰ περιόδοισι τὸ μακρότατον.
59. A true tertian comes to a crisis in seven periods at furthest.
60. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τὰ ὦτα κωφωθῇ, αἷμα ἐκ Ρινῶν Ρυὲν, ἢ κοιλίη ἐκταραχθεῖσα, λύει τὸ νούσημα.
60. When in fevers there is deafness, if blood run from the nostrils, or the bowels become disordered, it carries off the disease.
61. Πυρέσσοντι ἢν μὴ ἐν περισσῇσιν ἡμέρῃσιν ἀφῇ ὁ πυρετὸς, ὑποτροπιάζειν εἴωθεν.
61. In a febrile complaint, if the fever do not leave on the odd days, it relapses.
62. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν ἴκτεροι ἐπιγίνονται πρὸ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἡμερῶν, κακὸν, ἢν μὴ ξυνδόσιες ὑγρῶν κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην γένωνται.
62. When jaundice supervenes in fevers before the seventh day, it a bad symptom, unless there be watery discharges from the bowels.
63. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι καθ’ ἡμέρην Ρίγεα γίνηται, καθ’ ἡμέρην οἱ πυρετοὶ λύονται.
63. In whatever cases of fever rigors occur during the day, the fevers come to a resolution during the day.
64. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἢ τῇ ἐνάτῃ ἢ τῇ ἑνδεκάτῃ ἢ τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ ἴκτεροι ἐπιγίνονται, ἀγαθὸν, ἢν μὴ τὸ δεξιὸν ὑποχόνδριον σκληρὸν ᾖ ἢν δὲ μὴ, οὐκ ἀγαθόν.
64. When in cases of fever jaundice occurs on the seventh, the ninth, the eleventh, or the fourteenth day, it is a good symp-tom, provided the hypochondriac region be not hard. Otherwise it is not a good symptom.
65. Ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι περὶ τὴν κοιλίην καῦμα ἰσχυρὸν καὶ καρδιωγμὸς, κακόν.
65. A strong heat about the stomach and cardialgia are bad symptoms in fevers.
66. Ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τοῖσιν ὀξέσιν οἱ σπασμοὶ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὰ σπλάγχνα πόνοι ἰσχυροὶ, κακόν.
66. In acute fevers, spasms, and strong pains about the bowels are bad symptoms.
67. Ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν οἱ ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων φόβοι, ἢ σπασμοὶ, κακόν.
67. In fevers, frights after sleep, or convulsions, are a bad symptom.
68. Ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τὸ πνεῦμα προσκόπτον, κακόν σπασμὸν γὰρ σημαίνει.
68. In fevers, a stoppage of the respiration is a bad symptom, for it indicates convulsions.
69. Ὁκόσοισιν οὖρα παχέα, θρομβώδεα, ὀλίγα, οὐκ ἀπυρέτοισι, πλῆθος ἐπελθὸν ἐκ τουτέων λεπτὸν ὠφελέει μάλιστα δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔρχεται, οἷσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἢ διὰ ταχέων ὑπόστασιν ἴσχει.
69. When the urine is thick, grumoss, and scanty in cases not free from fever a copious discharge of thinner urine proves beneficial. Such a discharge more commonly takes place when the urine has had a sediment from the first, or soon after the commencement.
70. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐν πυρετοῖσι τὰ οὖρα ἀνατεταραγμένα οἷον ὑποζυγίου, τουτέοισι κεφαλαλγίαι ἢ πάρεισιν, ἢ παρέσονται.
70. When in fevers the urine is turbid, like that of a beast of burden, in such a case there either is or will be headache.
71. Ὁκόσοισιν ἑβδομαῖα κρίνεται, τουτέοισιν ἐπινέφελον ἴσχει τὸ οὖρον τῇ τετάρτῃ ἐρυθρὸν, καὶ τἄλλα κατὰ λόγον.
71. In cases which come to a crisis on the seventh day, the urine has a red nubecula on the fourth day, and the other symptoms accordingly.
72. Ὁκόσοισιν οὖρα διαφανέα λευκὰ, πονηρά μάλιστα δὲ ἐν τοῖσι φρενιτικοῖσιν ἐπιφαίνεται.
72. When the urine is transparent and white, it is bad; it appears principally in cases of phrenitis.
73. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑποχόνδρια μετέωρα, διαβορβορύζοντα, ὀσφύος ἀλγήματος ἐπιγενομένου, αἱ κοιλίαι τουτέοισι καθυγραίνονται, ἢν μὴ φῦσαι καταῤΡαγέωσιν, ἢ οὔρου πλῆθος ἐπέλθῃ ἐν πυρετοῖσι δὲ ταῦτα.
73. When the hypochondriac region is affected with meteorism and borborygmi, should pain of the loins supervene, the bowels get into a loose and watery state, unless there be an eruption of flatus or a copious evacuation of urine. These things occur in fevers.
74. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐλπὶς ἐς ἄρθρα ἀφίστασθαι, Ρύεται τῆς ἀποστάσιος οὖρον πουλὺ, κάρτα παχὺ, καὶ λευκὸν γινόμενον, οἷον
ἐν τοῖσι κοπιώδεσι πυρετοῖσι τεταρταίοισιν ἄρχεται ἐνίοισι γίνεσθαι ἢν δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν Ρινῶν αἱμοῤΡαγήσῃ, καὶ πάνυ ταχὺ λύεται.
74. When there is reason to expect that an abscess will form in joints, the abscess is carried off by a copious discharge of urine, which is thick, and becomes white, like what begins to form in certain cases of quartan fever, attended with a sense of lassitude. It is also speedily carried off by a hemorrhage from the nose.
75. Ἢν αἷμα ἢ πῦον οὐρέῃ, τῶν νεφρῶν ἢ τῆς κύστιος ἕλκωσιν σημαίνει.
75. Blood or pus in the urine indicates ulceration either of the kidneys or of the bladder.
76. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ παχεῖ ἐόντι σαρκία σμικρὰ ὥσπερ τρίχες συνεξέρχονται, τουτέοισιν ἀπὸ τῶν νεφρῶν ἐκκρίνεται.
76. When small fleshy substances like hairs are discharged along with thick urine, these substances come from the kidneys.
77. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ παχεῖ ἐόντι πιτυρώδεα συνεξουρέεται, τουτέοισιν ἡ κύστις ψωριᾷ.
77. In those cases where there are furfuraceous particles discharged along with thick urine, there is scabies of the bladder.
78. Ὁκόσοι ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου αἷμα οὐρέουσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπὸ τῶν νεφρῶν φλεβίου Ρῆξιν σημαίνει.
78. In those cases where there is a spontaneous discharge of bloody urine, it indicates rupture of a small vein in the kidneys.
79. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ ψαμμώδεα ὑφίσταται, τουτέοισιν ἡ κύστις λιθιᾷ.
79. In those cases where there is a sandy sediment in the urine, there is calculus in the bladder (or kidneys).
80. Ἢν αἷμα οὐρέῃ καὶ θρόμβους, καὶ στραγγουρίην ἔχῃ,
καὶ ὀδύνη ἐμπίπτῃ ἐς τὸ ὑπογάστριον καὶ ἐς τὸν περίνεον, τὰ περὶ τὴν κύστιν πονέει.
80. If a patient pass blood and clots in his urine, and have strangury, and if a pain seize the hypogastric region and perineum, the parts about the bladder are affected.
81. Ἢν αἷμα καὶ πῦον οὐρέῃ καὶ λεπίδας, καὶ ὀσμὴ βαρέη ᾖ, τῆς κύστιος ἕλκωσιν σημαίνει.
81. If a patient pass blood, pus, and scales, in the urine, and if it have a heavy smell, ulceration of the bladder is indicated.
82. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῇ οὐρήθρῃ φύματα φύεται, τουτέοισι, διαπυήσαντος καὶ ἐκραγέντος, λύσις.
82. When tubercles form in the urethra, if these suppurate and burst, there is relief.
83. Οὔρησις νύκτωρ πολλὴ γινομένη, σμικρὴν τὴν ὑποχώρησιν σημαίνει.
83. When much urine is passed during the night, it indicates that the alvine evacuations are scanty.
SECTION V
1. Σπασμὸς ἐξ ἐλλεβόρου, θανάσιμον.
1. A spasm from taking hellebore is of a fatal nature.
2. Ἐπὶ τρώματι σπασμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος, θανάσιμον.
2. Spasm supervening on a wound is fatal.
3. Αἵματος πολλοῦ Ρυέντος, σπασμὸς ἢ λυγμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος, κακόν.
3. A convulsion, or hiccup, supervening on a copious discharge of blood is bad.
4. Ἐπὶ ὑπερκαθάρσει σπασμὸς ἢ λυγμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος, κακόν.
4. A convulsion, or hiccup, supervening upon hypercatharsis is bad.
5. Ἢν μεθύων ἐξαίφνης ἄφωνός τις γένηται, σπασθεὶς ἀποθνήσκει, ἢν μὴ πυρετὸς ἐπιλάβῃ, ἢ ἐς τὴν ὥρην ἐλθὼν, καθ’ ἣν αἱ κραιπάλαι λύονται, φθέγξηται.
5. If a drunken person suddenly lose his speech, he will die convulsed, unless fever come on, or he recover his speech at the time when the consequences of a debauch pass off.
6. Ὁκόσοι ὑπὸ τετάνου ἁλίσκονται, ἐν τέσσαρσιν ἡμέρῃσιν ἀπόλλυνται ἢν δὲ ταύτας διαφύγωσιν, ὑγιέες γίνονται.
6. Such persons as are seized with tetanus die within four days, or if they pass these they recover.
7. Τὰ ἐπιληπτικὰ ὁκόσοισι πρὸ τῆς ἥβης γίνεται, μετάστασιν ἴσχει ὁκόσοισι δὲ πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτέων γίνεται, τουτέοισι τὰ πολλὰ ξυναποθνήσκει.
7. Those cases of epilepsy which come on before puberty may undergo a change; but those which come on after twenty-five years of age, for the most part terminate in death.
8. Ὁκόσοι πλευριτικοὶ γενόμενοι οὐκ ἀνακαθαίρονται ἐν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἡμέρῃσι, τουτέοισιν ἐς ἐμπύημα καθίσταται.
8. In pleuritic affections, when the disease is not purged off in fourteen days, it usually terminates in empyema.
9. Φθίσις γίνεται μάλιστα ἡλικίῃσι τῇσιν ἀπὸ ὀκτωκαίδεκα ἐτέων μέχρι πέντε καὶ τριήκοντα ἐτέων.
9. Phthisis most commonly occurs between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five years.
10. Ὁκόσοι κυνάγχην διαφεύγουσι, καὶ ἐς τὸν πλεύμονα αὐτέοισι
τρέπεται, ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν ἀποθνήσκουσιν ἢν δὲ ταύτας διαφύγωσιν, ἒμπυοι γίνονται.
10. Persons who escape an attack of quinsy, and when the disease is turned upon the lungs, die in seven days; or if they pass these they become affected with empyema.
11. Τοῖσιν ὑπὸ τῶν φθισίων ἐνοχλουμένοισιν, ἢν τὸ πτύσμα, ὅπερ ἂν ἀποβήσσωσι, βαρὺ ὄζῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄνθρακας ἐπιχεόμενον, καὶ αἱ τρίχες ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς Ρέωσι, θανατῶδες.
11. In persons affected with phthisis, if the sputa which they cough up have a heavy smell when poured upon coals, and if the hairs of the head fall off, the case will prove fatal.
12. Ὁκόσοισι φθισιῶσιν αἱ τρίχες ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς Ρέουσιν, οὗτοι, διαῤΡοίης ἐπιγενομένης, ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
12. Phthisical persons, the hairs of whose head fall off, die if diarrhoea set in.
13. Ὁκόσοι αἷμα ἀφρῶδες ἀναπτύουσι, τουτέοισιν ἐκ τοῦ πλεύμονος ἡ τοιαύτη ἀναγωγὴ γίνεται.
13. In persons who cough up frothy blood, the discharge of it comes from the lungs.
14. Ὑπὸ φθίσιος ἐχομένῳ διάῤΡοια ἐπιγενομένη, θανατῶδες.
14. Diarrhoea attacking a person affected with phthisis is a mortal symptom.
15. Ὁκόσοι ἐκ πλευρίτιδος ἔμπυοι γίνονται, ἢν ἀνακαθαρθῶσιν ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρῃσιν, ἀφ’ ἧς ἂν ἡ Ρῆξις γένηται, παύονται ἢν δὲ μὴ, ἐς φθίσιν μεθίσταντα.
15. Persons who become affected with empyema after pleurisy, if they get clear of it in forty days from the breaking of it, escape the disease; but if not, it passes into phthisis.
16. Τὸ θερμὸν βλάπτει ταῦτα πλεονάκις χρεομένοισι, σαρκῶν ἐκθήλυνσιν, νεύρων ἀκράτειαν, γνώμης νάρκωσιν, αἱμμῤΡαγίας, λειποθυμίας, ταῦτα οἷσι θάνατος.
16. Heat produces the following bad effects on those who use it frequently: enervation of the fleshy parts, impotence of the nerves, torpor of the understanding, hemorrhages, deliquia, and, along with these, death.
17. Τὸ δὲ ψυχρὸν, σπασμοὺς, τετάνους, μελασμοὺς καὶ Ρίγεα πυρετώδεα.
17. Cold induces convulsions, tetanus, mortification, and febrile rigors.
18. Τὸ ψυχρὸν, πολέμιον ὀστέοισιν, ὀδοῦσι, νεύροισὶν, ἐγκεφάλῳ, νωτιαίῳ μυελῷ τὸ δὲ θερμὸν ὠφέλιμον.
18. Cold is inimical to the bones, the teeth, the nerves, the brain, and the spinal marrow, but heat is beneficial.
19. Ὁκόσα κατέψυκται, ἐκθερμαίνειν, πλὴν ὁκόσα αἱμοῤΡαγέει, ἢ μέλλει.
19. Such parts as have been congealed should be heated, except where there either is a hemorrhage, or one is expected.
20. Ἕλκεσι τὸ μὲν ψυχρὸν δακνῶδες, δέρμα περισκληρύνει, ὀδύνην ἀνεκπύητον ποιέει, μελαίνει, Ρίγεα πυρετώδεα ποιέει, σπασμοὺς καὶ τετάνους.
20. Cold pinches ulcers, hardens the skin, occasions pain which does not end in suppuration, blackens, produces febrile rigors, convulsions, and tetanus.
21. Ἔστι δὲ ὅκου ἐπὶ τετάνου ἄνευ ἕλκεος νέῳ εὐσάρκῳ, θέρεος μέσου, ψυχροῦ πολλοῦ κατάχυσις ἐπανάκλησιν θέρμης ποιέεται θέρμη δὲ ταῦτα Ρύεται.
21. In the case of a muscular youth having tetanus without a wound, during the midst of summer, it sometimes happens that the allusion of a large quantity of cold water recalls the heat. Heat relieves these diseases.
22. Τὸ θερμὸν ἐκπυητικὸν, οὐκ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἕλκεϊ, μέγιστον σημεῖον ἐς ἀσφαλείην, δέρμα μαλάσσει, ἰσχναίνει, ἀνώδυνον, Ριγέων, σπασμῶν, τετάνων παρηγορικόν τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ, καὶ καρηβαρίην λύει πλεῖστον δὲ διαφέρει ὀστέων κατήγμασι, μάλιστα
δὲ τοῖσιν ἐψιλωμένοισι, τουτέων δὲ μάλιστα, τοῖσιν ἐν κεφαλῇ ἕλκεα ἔχουσι καὶ ὁκόσα ὑπὸ ψύξιος θνήσκει, ἢ ἑλκοῦται, καὶ ἕρπησιν ἐσθιομένοισιν, ἕδρῃ, αἰδοίῳ, ὑστέρῃ, κύστει, τουτέοισι τὸ μὲν θερμὸν φίλιον καὶ κρῖνον, τὸ δὲ ψυχρὸν πολέμιον καὶ κτεῖνον.
22. Heat is suppurative, but not in all kinds of sores, but when it is, it furnishes the greatest test of their being free from danger. It softens the skin, makes it thin, removes pain, soothes rigor, convulsions, and tetanus. It removes affections of the head, and heaviness of it. It is particularly efficacious in fractures of the bones, especially of those which have been exposed, and most especially in wounds of the head, and in mortifications and ulcers from cold; in herpes exedens, of the anus, the privy parts, the womb, the bladder, in all these cases heat is agreeable, and brings matters to a crisis; but cold is prejudicial, and does mischief.
23. Ἐν τουτέοισι δεῖ τῷ ψυχρῷ χρέεσθαι, ὁκόθεν αἱμοῤΡαγέει, ἢ μέλλει, μὴ ἐπ’ αὐτὰ, ἀλλὰ περὶ αὐτὰ, ὁκόθεν ἐπιῤΡεῖ καὶ ὁκόσαι φλεγμοναὶ, ἢ ἐπιφλογίσματα ἐς τὸ ἐρυθρόν καὶ ὕφαιμον Ρέποντα αἵματι νεαρῷ, ἐπὶ ταῦτα, ἐπεὶ τά γε παλαιὰ μελαίνει καὶ ἐρυσίπελας τὸ μὴ ἑλκούμενον, ἐπεὶ τό γε ἑλκούμενον βλάπτει.
23. Cold water is to be applied in the following cases; when there is a hemorrhage, or when it is expected, but not applied to the spot, but around the spot whence the blood flows; and in inflammations and inflammatory affections, inclining to a red and subsaguineous color, and consisting of fresh blood, in these cases it is to be applied but it occasions mortification in old cases; and in erysipelas not attended with ulceration, as it proves injurious to erysipelas when ulcerated.
24. Τὰ ψυχρὰ, οἷον χιὼν, κρύσταλλος, τῷ στήθεϊ πολέμια, βηχέων κινητικὰ, αἱμοῤΡοϊκαὶ, καταῤΡοϊκά.
24. Cold things, such as snow and ice, are inimical to the chest, being provocative of coughs, of discharges of blood, and of catarrhs.
25. Τὰ ἐν ἄρθροισιν οἰδήματα καὶ ἀλγήματα, ἄτερ ἕλκεος, καὶ ποδαγρικὰ, καὶ σπάσματα, τουτέων τὰ πλεῖστα ψυχρὸν πολλὸν καταχεόμενον Ρηΐζει τε καὶ ἰσχναίνει, καὶ ὀδύνην λύει νάρκη δὲ μετρίη ὀδύνης λυτική.
25. Swellings and pains in the joints, ulceration, those of a gouty nature, and sprains, are generally improved by a copious affusion of cold water, which reduces the swelling, and removes the pain; for a moderate degree of numbness removes pain.
26. Ὕδωρ τὸ ταχέως θερμαινόμενον καὶ ταχέως ψυχόμενον, κουφότατον.
26. The lightest water is that which is quickly heated and quickly cooled.
27. Ὁκόσοισι πιεῖν ὀρέξιες νύκτωρ τοῖσι πάνυ διψῶσιν, ἢν ἐπικοιμηθῶσιν, ἀγαθὸν.
27. When persons have intense thirst, it is a good thing if they can sleep off the desire of drinking.
28. Γυναικείων ἀγωγὸν, ἡ ἐν ἀρώμασι πυρίη, πολλαχῆ δὲ καὶ ἐς ἄλλα χρησίμη ἂν ἦν, εἰ μὴ καρηβαρίας ἐνεποίεεν.
28. Fumigation with aromatics promotes menstruation, and would be useful in many other cases, if it did not occasion heaviness of the head.
29. Τὰς κυούσας φαρμακεύειν, ἢν ὀργᾷ, τετράμηνα, καὶ ἄχρι ἑπτὰ μηνῶν ἧσσον τὰ δὲ νήπια καὶ πρεσβύτερα εὐλαβέεσθαι.
29. Women in a state of pregnancy may be purged, if there be any urgent necessity ( or , if the humors be in a state of orgasm?), from the fourth to the seventh month, but less so in the latter case. In the first and last periods it must be avoided.
30. Γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ ὑπό τινος τῶν ὀξέων νουσημάτων ληφθῆναι, θανατῶδες.
30. It proves fatal to a woman in a state of pregnancy, if she be seized with any of the acute diseases.
31. Γυνὴ ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα, φλεβοτομηθεῖσα, ἐκτιτρώσκει καὶ μᾶλλον ᾖσι μεῖζον τὸ ἔμβρυον.
31. If a woman with child be bled, she will have an abortion, and this will be the more likely to happen, the larger the foetus.
32. Γυναικὶ αἷμα ἐμεούσῃ, τῶν καταμηνίων Ραγέντων, λύσις.
32. Haemoptysis in a woman is removed by an eruption of the menses.
33. Γυναικὶ, τῶν καταμηνίων ἐκλειπόντων, αἷμα ἐκ τῶν Ρινῶν Ρυῆναι, ἀγαθόν.
33. In a woman when there is a stoppage the menses, a discharge of blood from the nose is good.
34. Γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ, ἢν ἡ κοιλίη πουλλὰ Ρυῇ, κίνδυνος ἐκτρῶσαι.
34. When a pregnant woman has a violent diarrhoea, there is danger of her miscarrying.
35. Γυναικὶ ὑπὸ ὑστερικῶν ἐνοχλουμένῃ, ἢ δυστοκούσῃ, πταρμὸς ἐπιγινόμενος, ἀγαθόν.
35. Sneezing occurring to a woman affected with hysterics, and in difficult labor, is a good symptom.
36. Γυναικὶ τὰ καταμήνια ἄχροα, καὶ μὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ αἰεὶ γινόμενα, καθάρσιος δεῖσθαι σημαίνει.
36. When the menstrual discharge is of a bad color and irregular, it indicates that the woman stands in need of purging.
37. Γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ, ἢν οἱ μασθοὶ ἐξαίφνης ἰσχνοὶ γένωνται, ἐκτιτρώσκει.
37. In a pregnant woman, if the breasts suddenly lose their fullness, she has a miscarriage.
38. Γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ ἢν ὁ ἕτερος μασθὸς ἰσχνὸς γένηται, δίδυμα ἐχούσῃ, θάτερον ἐκτιτρώσκει καὶ ἢν μὲν ὁ δεξιὸς ἰσχνὸς γένηται, τὸ ἄρσεν ἢν δὲ ὁ ἀριστερὸς, τὸ θῆλυ.
38. If, in a woman pregnant with twins, either of her breasts lose its fullness, she will part with one of her children; and if it be the right breast which becomes slender, it will be the male child, or if the left, the female.
39. Ἢν γυνὴ μὴ κύουσα, μηδὲ τετοκυῖα, γάλα ἔχῃ, ταύτῃ τὰ καταμήνια ἐκλέλοιπεν.
39. If a woman who is not with child, nor has brought forth, have milk, her menses are obstructed.
40. Γυναιξὶν ὁκόσῃσιν ἐς τοὺς τιτθοὺς αἷμα συστρέφεται, μανίην σημαίνει.
40. In women, blood collected in the breasts indicates madness.
41. Γυναῖκα ἢν θέλῃς εἰδέναι εἰ κύει, ἐπὴν καθεύδειν μέλλῃ, ἀδείπνῳ ἐούσῃ, μελίκρητον διδόναι πιεῖν κἢν μὲν στρόφος αὐτὴν ἔχῃ περὶ τὴν γαστέρα, κύει ἢν δὲ μὴ, οὐ κύει.
41. If you wish to ascertain if a woman be with child, give her hydromel to drink when she is going to sleep, and has not taken supper, and if she be seized with tormina in the belly, she is with child, but otherwise she is not pregnant.
42. Γυνὴ ἔγκυος, ἢν μὲν ̣ρσεν κύῃ, εὔχροός ἐστιν ἢν δὲ θῆλυ, δύσχροος.
42. A woman with child, if it be a male, has a good color, but if a female, she has a bad color.
43. Ἢν γυναικὶ κυούσῃ ἐρυσίπελας ἐν τῇ ὑστέρῃ γένηται, θανατῶδες.
43. If erysipelas of the womb seize a woman with child, it will probably prove fatal.
44. Ὁκόσαι παρὰ φύσιν λεπταὶ ἐοῦσαι ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσιν, ἐκτιτρώσκουσι, πρὶν ἢ παχυνθῆναι.
44. Women who are very lean, have miscarriages when they prove with child, until they get into better condition.
45. Ὁκόσαι δὲ μετρίως τὸ σῶμα ἔχουσαι ἐκτιτρώσκουσι δίμηνα καὶ τρίμηνα ἄτερ προφάσιος φανερῆς, ταύτῃσιν αἱ κοτυληδόνες μύξης μεσταί εἰσι, καὶ οὐ δύνανται κρατέειν ὑπὸ τοῦ βάρεος τὸ ἔμβρυον, ἀλλ’ ἀποῤΡήγνυνται.
45. When women, in a moderate condition of body, miscarry in the second or third month, without any obvious cause, their cotyledones are filled with mucosity, and cannot support the weight of the foetus, but are broken asunder.
46. Ὁκόσαι παρὰ φύσιν παχεῖαι ἐοῦσαι μὴ ξυλλαμβάνουσιν ἐν γαστρὶ, ταύτῃσι τὸ ἐπίπλοον τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων ἀποπιέζει, καὶ, πρὶν ἢ λεπτυνθῆναι, οὐ κύουσιν.
46. Such women as are immoderately fat, and do not prove with child, in them it is because the epiploon ( fat? ) blocks up the mouth of the womb, and until it be reduced, they do not conceive.
47. Ἢν ὑστέρη ἐν τῷ ἰσχίῳ ἐγκειμένη διαπυήσῃ, ἀνάγκη ἔμμοτον γενέσθαι.
47. If the portion of the uterus seated near the hip-joint suppurate, it gets into a state requiring to be treated with tents.
48. Ἔμβρυα τὰ μὲν ἄρσενα ἐν τοῖσι δεξιοῖσι, τὰ δὲ θήλεα ἐν τοῖσιν ἀριστεροῖσι μᾶλλον.
48. The male foetus is usually seated in the right, and the female in the left side.
49. Ὑστέρων ἐκπτώσιες, πταρμικὸν προσθεὶς, ἐπιλάμβανε τοὺς μυκτῆρας καὶ τὸ στόμα.
49. To procure the expulsion of the secundines, apply a sternutatory, and shut the nostrils and mouth.
50. Γυναικὶ τὰ καταμήνια ἢν βούλῃ ἐπισχεῖν, σικύην ὡς μεγίστην πρὸς τοὺς τιτθοὺς πρόσβαλλε.
50. If you wish to stop the menses in a woman, apply as large a cupping instrument as possible to the breasts.
51. Ὁκόσαι ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσι, τουτέων τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων ξυμμέμυκεν.
51. When women are with child, the mouth of their womb is closed.
52. Ἢν γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ γάλα πουλὺ ἐκ τῶν μαζῶν Ρυῇ, ἀσθενὲς τὸ ἔμβρυον σημαίνει ἢν δὲ στερεοὶ οἱ μαστοὶ ἔωσιν, ὑγιεινότερον τὸ ἔμβρυον σημαίνει.
52. If in a woman with child, much milk flow from the breasts, it indicates that the foetus is weak; but if the breasts be firm, it indicates that the foetus is in a more healthy state.
53. Ὁκόσαι διαφθείρειν μέλλουσι τὰ ἔμβρυα, ταύτῃσιν οἱ
τιτθοὶ ἰσχνοὶ γίνονται ἢν δὲ πάλιν σκληροὶ γένωνται, ὀδύνη ἔσται ἢ ἐν τοῖσι τιτθοῖσιν, ἢ ἐν τοῖσιν ἰσχίοισιν, ἢ ἐν τοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ἢ ἐν τοῖσι γούνασι, καὶ οὐ διαφθείρουσιν.
53. In women that are about to miscarry, the breasts become slender; but if again they become hard, there will be pain, either in the breasts, or in the hip-joints, or in the eyes, or in the knees, and they will not miscarry.
54. Ὀκόσῃσι τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων σκληρόν ἐστι, ταύτῃσιν ἀνάγκη τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων ξυμμύειν.
54. When the mouth of the uterus is hard, it is also necessarily shut.
55. Ὁκόσαι ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσαι ὑπὸ πυρετῶν λαμβάνονται, καὶ ἰσχυρῶς ἰσχναίνονται, ἄνευ προφάσιος φανερῆς τίκτουσι χαλεπῶς καὶ ἐπικινδύνως, ἢ ἐκτιτρώκουσαι κινδυνεύουσιν.
55. Women with child who are seized with fevers, and who are greatly emaciated, without any (other?) obvious cause, have difficult and dangerous labors, and if they miscarry, they are in danger.
56. Ἐπὶ Ρόῳ γυναικείῳ σπασμὸς καὶ λειποθυμίη ἢν ἐπιγένηται, κακόν.
56. In the female flux ( immoderate menstruation? ), if convulsion and deliquium come on, it is bad.
57. Καταμηνίων γενομένων πλειόνων, νοῦσοι ξυμβαίνουσι, καὶ, μὴ γινομένων, ἀπὸ τῆς ὑστέρης γίνονται νοῦσοι.
57. When the menses are excessive, diseases take place, and when the menses are stopped, diseases from the uterus take place.
58. Ἐπὶ ἀρχῷ φλεγμαίνοντι, καὶ ὑστέρῃ φλεγμαινούσῃ,
στραγγουρίη ἐπιγίνεται, καὶ ἐπὶ νεφροῖσιν ἐμπύοισι στραγγουρίη ἐπιγίνεται, ἐπὶ δὲ ἥπατι φλεγμαίνοντι λὺγξ ἐπιγίνεται.
58. Strangury supervenes upon inflammation of the rectum, and of the womb, and strangury supervenes upon suppuration of the kidney, and hiccup upon inflammation of the liver.
59. Γυνὴ ἢν μὴ λαμβάνῃ ἐν γαστρὶ, βούλῃ δὲ εἰδέναι εἰ λήψεται, περικαλύψας ἱματίοισι, θυμία κάτω κἢν μὲν πορεύεσθαι δοκέῃ ἡ ὀδμὴ διὰ τοῦ σώματος ἐς τὰς Ρῖνας καὶ ἐς τὸ στόμα, γίνωσκε ὅτι αὐτὴ οὐ δι’ ἑωυτὴν ἄγονός ἐστίν.
59. If a woman do not conceive, and wish to ascertain whether she can conceive, having wrapped her up in blankets, fumigate below, and if it appear that the scent passes through the body to the nostrils and mouth, know that of herself she is not unfruitful.
60. Ἢν γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ αἱ καθάρσιες πορεύωνται, ἀδύνατον τὸ ἔμβρυον ὑγιαίνειν.
60. If woman with a child have her courses, it is impossible that the child can be healthy.
61. Ἢν γυναικὶ αἱ καθάρσιες μὴ πορεύωνται, μήτε φρίκης, μήτε πυρετοῦ ἐπιγινομένου, ἆσαι δὲ αὐτῇ προσπίπτωσι, λογίζου ταύτην ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν.
61. If a woman’s courses be suppressed, and neither rigor nor fever has followed, but she has been affected with nausea, you may reckon her to be with child.
62. Ὁκόσαι ψυχρὰς καὶ πυκνὰς τὰς μήτρας ἔχουσιν, οὐ κυΐσκουσιν καὶ ὁκόσαι καθύγρους ἔχουσι τὰς μήτρας, οὐ κυΐσκουσιν, ἀποσβέννυται γὰρ ὁ γόνος καὶ ὁκόσαι ξηρὰς μᾶλλον καὶ περικαέας, ἐνδείῃ γὰρ τῆς τροφῆς φθείρεται τὸ σπέρμα ὁκόσαι
δὲ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τὴν κρᾶσιν ἔχουσι ξύμμετρον, αἱ τοιαῦται ἐπίτεκνοι γίνονται.
62. Women who have the uterus cold and dense ( compact? ) do not conceive; and those also who have the uterus humid, do not conceive, for the semen is extinguished, and in women whose uterus is very dry, and very hot, the semen is lost from the want of food; but women whose uterus is in an intermediate state between these temperaments prove fertile.
63. Παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀῤΡένων ἢ γὰρ διὰ τὴν ἀραιότητα τοῦ σώματος τὸ πνεῦμα ἔξω φέρεται πρὸς τὸ μὴ παραπέμπειν τὸ σπέρμα ἢ διὰ τὴν πυκνότητα τὸ ὑγρὸν οὐ διαχωρέει ἔξω ἢ διὰ τὴν ψυχρότητα οὐκ ἐκπυροῦται, ὥστε ἀθροίζεσθαι πρὸς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον ἢ διὰ τὴν θερμασίην τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο γίνεται.
63. And in like manner with respect to males; for either, owing to the laxity of the body, the pneuma is dissipated outwardly, so as not to propel the semen, or, owing to its density, the fluid ( semen? ） does not pass outwardly; or, owing to coldness, it is not heated so as to collect in its proper place ( seminal vessels? ), or, owing to its heat, the very same thing happens.
64. Γάλα διδόναι κεφαλαλγέουσι κακόν κακὸν δὲ καὶ πυρεταίνουσι, καὶ οἷσιν ὑποχόνδρια μετέωρα καὶ διαβορβορύζοντα, καὶ τοῖσι
διψώδεσι κακὸν δὲ, καὶ οἷσι χολώδεες αἱ ὑπ χωρήσιες ἐν ὀξέσι πυρετοῖσιν ἐοῦσι, καὶ οἷσιν αἵματος πολλοῦ διαχώρησις γέγονεν ἁρμόζει δὲ φθινώδεσι μὴ λίην πολλῷ πυρέσσουσιν διδόναι δὲ καὶ ἐν πυρετοῖσι μακροῖσι βληχροῖσι, μηδενὸς τῶν προειρημένων σημείων παρεόντος, παρὰ λόγον δὲ ἐκτετηκότων.
64. It is a bad thing to give milk to persons having headache, and it is also bad to give it in fevers, and to persons whose hypochondria are swelled up, and troubled with borborygmi, and to thirsty persons; it is bad also, when given to those who have bilious discharges in acute fevers, and to those who have copious discharges of blood; but it is suitable in phthisical cases, when not attended with very much fever; it is also to be given in fevers of a chronic and weak nature, when none of the aforementioned symptoms are present, and the patients are excessively emaciated.
65. Ὁκόσοισιν οἰδήματα ἐφ’ ἕλκεσι φαίνεται, οὐ μάλα σπῶνται, οὐδὲ μαίνονται τουτέων δὲ ἀφανισθέντων ἐξαίφνης, τοῖσι μὲν ὄπισθεν σπασμοὶ, τέτανοι, τοῖσι δὲ ἔμπροσθεν μανίαι, ὀδύναι πλευροῦ ὀξεῖαι, ἢ ἐμπύησις, ἢ δυσεντερίη, ἢν ἐρυθρὰ μᾶλλον ᾖ τὰ οἰδήματα.
65. When swellings appear on wounds, such cases are not likely to be attacked either with convulsions, or delirium, but when these disappear suddenly, if situated behind, spasms and tetanus supervene, and if before, mania, acute pains of the sides, or suppurations, or dysentery, if the swellings be rather red.
66. Ἢν, τραυμάτων ἰσχυρῶν ἐόντων καὶ πονηρῶν, οἴδημα μὴ φαίνηται, μέγα κακόν.
66. When no swelling appears on severe and bad wounds, it is a great evil.
67. Τὰ χαῦνα, χρηστὰ, τὰ ἔνωμα, κακά.
67. In such cases, the soft are favorable; and crude, unfavorable.
68. Τῷ τὰ ὄπισθεν τῆς κεφαλῆς ὀδυνωμένῳ ἡ ἐν μετώπῳ ὀρθίη φλὲψ τμηθεῖσα, ὠφελέει.
68. When a person is pained in the back part of the head, he is benefited by having the straight vein in the forehead opened.
69. Ῥίγεα ἄρχεται, γυναιξὶ μὲν ἐξ ὀσφύος μᾶλλον καὶ διὰ νώτου ἐς κεφαλήν ἀτὰρ καὶ ἀνδράσι μᾶλλον ὄπισθεν, ἢ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ σώματος, οἷον ἀπὸ πήχεων καὶ μηρῶν ἀτὰρ καὶ τὸ δέρμα ἀραιὸν ἔχουσι, δηλοῖ δὲ τοῦτο ἡ θρίξ.
69. Rigors commence in women, especially at the loins, and spread by the back to the head; and in men also, rather in the posterior than the anterior side of the body, as from the arms and thighs; the skin there is rare, as is obvious from the growth of hair on them.
70. Οἱ ὑπὸ τεταρταίων ἁλισκόμενοι ὑπὸ σπασμοῦ οὐ πάνυ τι ἁλίσκονται ἢν δὲ ἁλίσκωνται πρότερον, εἶτα ἐπιγένηται τεταρταῖος, παύονται.
70. Persons attacked with quartans are not readily attacked with convulsions, or if previously attacked with convulsions, they cease if a quartan supervene.
71. Ὁκόσοισι δέρματα περιτείνεται καρφαλέα καὶ σκληρὰ, ἄνευ ἱδρῶτος τελευτῶσιν ὁκόσοισι δὲ χαλαρὰ καὶ ἀραιὰ, σὺν ἱδρῶτι τελευτῶσιν.
71. In those persons in whom the skin is stretched, and parched and hard, the disease terminates without sweats; but in those in whom the skin is loose and rare, it terminates with sweats.
72. Οἱ ἰκτεριώδεες οὐ πάνυ τι πνευματώδεές εἰσιν.
72. Persons disposed to jaundice are not very subject to flatulence.
SECTION VI
1. Ἐν τῇσι χρονίῃσι λειεντερίῃσιν ὀξυρεγμίη ἐπιγινομένη, μὴ γενομένη πρότερον, σημεῖον ἀγαθόν.
1. In cases of chronic lientery, acid eructations supervening when there were none previously, is a good symptom.
2. Οἷσι Ρῖνες ὑγρότεραι φύσει, καὶ ἡ γονὴ ὑγροτέρη, ὑγιαίνουσι νοσηρότερον οἷσι δὲ τἀναντία, ὑγιεινότερον.
2. Persons whose noses are naturally watery, and their seed watery, have rather a deranged state of health; but those in the opposite state, a more favorable.
3. Ἐν τῇσι μακρῇσι δυσεντερίῃσιν αἱ ἀποσιτίαι, κακόν καὶ ξὺν πυρετῷ, κάκιον.
3. In protracted cases of dysentery, loathing of food is a bad symptom, and still worse, if along with fever.
4. Τὰ περιμάδαρα ἕλκεα, κακοήθεα.
4. Ulcers, attended with a falling off of the hair, are mali moris.
5. Τῶν ὀδυνέων ἐν πλευρῇσι, καὶ ἐν στήθεσι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι μέρεσιν, ἢν μέγα διαφέρωσι, καταμαθητέον.
5. It deserves to be considered whether the pains in the sides, and in the breasts, and in the other parts, differ much from one another.
6. Τὰ νεφριτικὰ, καὶ ὁκόσα κατὰ τὴν κύστιν, ἐργωδῶς ὑγιάζεται τοῖσι πρεσβύτῃσιν.
6. Diseases about the kidneys and bladder are cured with difficulty in old men.
7. Τὰ ἀλγήματα τὰ κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην γινόμενα, τὰ μὲν μετέωρα κουφότερα, τὰ δὲ μὴ μετέωρα, ἰσχυρότερα.
7. Pains occurring about the stomach, the more superficial they are, the more slight are they; and the less superficial, the more severe.
8. Τοῖσιν ὑδρωπικοῖσι τὰ γινόμενα ἕλκεα ἐν τῷ σώματι, οὐ Ρηϊδίως ὑγιάζεται.
8. In dropsical persons, ulcers forming on the body are not easily healed.
9. Τὰ πλατέα ἐξανθήματα, οὐ πάνυ τι κνησμώδεα.
9. Broad exanthemata are not very itchy.
10. Κεφαλὴν πονέοντι καὶ περιωδυνέοντι, πῦον, ἢ ὕδωρ, ἢ αἷμα Ρυὲν κατὰ τὰς Ρῖνας, ἢ κατὰ τὸ στόμα, ἢ κατὰ τὰ ὦτα, λύει τὸ νούσημα.
10. In a person having a painful spot in the head, with intense cephalalgia, pus or water running from the nose, or by the mouth, or at the ears, removes the disease.
11. Τοῖσι μελαγχολικοῖσι, καὶ τοῖσι νεφριτικοῖσιν αἱμοῤΡοΐδες ἐπιγινόμεναι, ἀγαθόν.
11. Hemorrhoids appearing in melancholic and nephritic affections are favorable.
12. Τῷ ἰηθέντι χρονίας αἱμοῤΡοΐδας, ἢν μὴ μία φυλαχθῇ, κίνδυνος ὕδρωπα ἐπιγενέσθαι ἢ φθίσιν.
12. When a person has been cured of chronic hemorrhoids, unless one be left, there is danger of dropsy or phthisis supervening.
13. Ὑπὸ λυγμοῦ ἐχομένῳ πταρμοὶ ἐπιγενόμενοι λύουσι τὸν λυγμόν.
13. Sneezing coming on, in the case of a person afflicted with hiccup, removes the hiccup.
14. Ὑπὸ ὕδρωπος ἐχομένῳ, κατὰ τὰς φλέβας ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ὕδατος Ρυέντος, λύσις.
14. In a case of dropsy, when the water runs by the veins into the belly, it removes the disease.
15. Ὑπὸ διαῤΡοίης ἐχομένῳ μακρῆς ἀπὸ ταυτομάτου ἔμετος ἐπιγινόμενος λύει τὴν διάῤΡοιαν.
15. In confirmed diarrhoea, vomiting, when it comes on spontaneously, removes the diarrhoea.
16. Ὑπὸ πλευρίτιδος, ἢ ὑπὸ περιπλευμονίης ἐχομένῳ διάῤΡοια ἐπιγενομένη, κακόν.
16. A diarrhoea supervening in a confirmed case of pleurisy or pneumonia is bad.
17. Ὀφθαλμιῶντι, ὑπὸ διαῤΡοίης ληφθῆναι, ἀγαθόν.
17. It is a good thing in ophthalmy for the patient to be seized with diarrhoea.
18. Κύστιν διακοπέντι, ἢ ἐγκέφαλον, ἢ καρδίην, ἢ φρένας, ἢ τῶν ἐντέρων τι τῶν λεπτῶν, ἢ κοιλίην, ἢ ἧπαρ, θανατῶδες.
18. A severe wound of the bladder, of the brain, of the heart, of the diaphragm, of the small intestines, of the stomach, and of the liver, is deadly.
19. Ἐπὴν διακοπῇ ὀστέον, ἢ χονδρὸς, ἢ νεῦρον, ἢ γνάθου τὸ λεπτὸν, ἢ ἀκροποσθίη, οὔτε αὔξεται, οὔτε ξυμφύεται.
19. When a bone, cartilage, nerve, the slender part of the jaw, or prepuce, are cut out, the part is neither restored, nor does it unite.
20. Ἢν ἐς τὴν κοιλίην αἷμα ἐκχυθῇ παρὰ φύσιν, ἀνάγκη ἐκπυηθῆναι.
20. If blood be poured out preternaturally into a cavity, it must necessarily become corrupted.
21. Τοῖσι μαινομένοισι, κιρσῶν ἢ αἱμοῤΡοΐδων ἐπιγινομένων, μανίης λύσις.
21. In maniacal affections, if varices or hemorrhoids come on, they remove the mania.
22. Ὁκόσα Ρήγματα ἐκ τοῦ νώτου ἐς τοὺς ἀγκῶνας καταβαίνει, φλεβοτομίη λύει.
22. Those ruptures in the back which spread down to the elbows are removed by venesection.
23. Ἢν φόβος ἢ δυσθυμίη πουλὺν χρόνον διατελέῃ, μελαγχολικὸν τὸ τοιοῦτον.
23. If a fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection.
24. Ἐντέρων ἢν διακοπῇ τῶν λεπτῶν τι, οὐ ξυμφύεται.
24. If any of the intestines be transfixed, it does not unite.
25. Ἐρυσίπελας, ἔξωθεν καταχεόμενον, ἔσω τρέπεσθαι οὐκ ἀγαθόν ἔσωθεν δὲ ἔξω, ἀγαθόν.
25. It is not a good sign for an erysipelas spreading outwardly to be determined inward; but for it to be determined outward from within is good.
26. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ἐν τοῖσι καύσοισι τρόμοι γενωνται, παρακοπὴ λύει.
26. In whatever cases of ardent fever tremors occur, they are carried off by a delirium.
27. Ὁκόσοι ἔμπυοι ἢ ὑδρωπικοὶ τέμνονται ἢ καίονται, ἐκρυέντος τοῦ πύου ἢ τοῦ ὕδατος ἀθρόου, πάντως ἀπόλλυνται.
27. Those cases of empyema or dropsy which are treated by incision or the cautery, if the water or pus flow rapidly all at once, certainly prove fatal.
28. Εὐνοῦχοι οὐ ποδαγριῶσιν, οὐδὲ φαλακροὶ γίνονται.
28. Eunuchs do not take the gout, nor become bald.
29. Γυνὴ οὐ ποδαγριᾷ, ἢν μὴ τὰ καταμήνια αὐτέῃ ἐκλίπῃ.
29. A woman does not take the gout, unless her menses be stopped.
30. Παῖς οὐ ποδαγριᾷ πρὸ τοῦ ἀφροδισιασμοῦ.
30. A young man does not take the gout until he indulges in coition.
31. Ὀδύνας ὀφθαλμῶν ἀκρητοποσίη, ἢ λουτρὸν, ἢ πυρίη, ἢ φλεβοτομίη, ἢ φαρμακοποσίη λύει.
31. Pains of the eyes are removed by drinking pure wine, or the bath, or a fomentation, or venesection, or purging.
32. Τραυλοὶ ὑπὸ διαῤΡοίης μάλιστα ἁλίσκονται μακρῆς.
32. Persons whose speech has become impaired are likely to be seized with chronic diarrhoea.
33. Οἱ ὀξυρεγμιώδεες οὐ πάνυ τι πλευριτικοὶ γίνονται.
33. Persons having acid eructations are not very apt to be seized with pleurisy.
34. Ὁκόσοι φαλακροὶ, τουτέοισι κιρσοὶ μεγάλοι οὐ γίνονται ὁκόσοισι δὲ φαλακροῖσιν ἐοῦσιν κιρσοὶ γίνονται, πάλιν οὗτοι γίνονται δασέες.
34. Persons who have become bald are not subject to large varices; but should varices supervene upon persons who are bald, their hair again grows thick.
35. Τοῖσιν ὑδρωπικοῖσι βὴξ ἐπιγενομένη, κακόν.
35. Hiccup supervening in dropsical cases is bad.
36. Δυσουρίην φλεβοτομίη λύει, τάμνειν δὲ τὰς ἔσω.
36. Venesection cures dysuria; open the internal veins of the arm.
37. Ὑπὸ κυνάγχης ἐχομένῳ οἰδήματα γενέσθαι ἐν τῷ βρόγχῳ ἔξω, ἀγαθόν.
37. It is a good symptom when swelling on the outside of the neck seizes a person very ill of quinsy, for the disease is turned outwardly.
38. Ὁκόσοισι κρυπτοὶ καρκίνοι γίνονται, μὴ θεραπεύειν βέλτιον θεραπευόμενοι γὰρ ἀπόλλυνται ταχέως, μὴ θεραπευόμενοι δὲ, πουλὺν χρόνον διατελέουσιν.
38. It is better not to apply any treatment in cases of occult cancer; for, if treated, the patients die quickly; but if not treated, they hold out for a long time.
39. Σσπασμοὶ γίνονται, ἢ ὑπὸ πληρώσιος, ἢ κενώσιος οὕτω δὲ καὶ λυγμός.
39. Convulsions take place either from repletion or depletion; and so it is with hiccup.
40. Ὁκόσοισι περὶ τὸ ὑποχόνδριον πόνοι γίνονται ἄτερ φλεγμοῆς, τουτέοισι πυρετὸς ἐπιγενόμενος λύει τὸν πόνον.
40. When pains, without inflammation, occur about the hypochondria, in such cases, fever supervening removes the pain.
41. Ὁκόσοισι διάπυόν τι ἐὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι μὴ διασημαίνει, τουτέοισι διὰ παχύτητα τοῦ τόπου οὐ διασημαίνει.
41. When pus formed anywhere in the body does not point, this is owing to the thickness of the part.
42. Ἐν τοῖσιν ἰκτερικοῖσι τὸ ἧπαρ σκληρὸν γενέσθαι, πονηρόν.
42. In cases of jaundice, it is a bad symptom when the liver becomes indurated.
43. Ὁκόσοι σπληνώδεες ὑπὸ δυσεντερίης ἁλίσκονται, τουτέοισιν, ἐπιγενομένης μακρῆς τῆς δυσεντερίης, ὕδρωψ ἐπιγίνεται, ἢ λειεντερίη, καὶ ἀπόλλυνται.
43. When persons having large spleens are seized with dysentery, and if the dysentery pass into a chronic state, either dropsy or lientery supervenes, and they die.
44. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐκ στραγγουρίης εἰλεοὶ γίνονται, ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν ἀπόλλυνται, ἢν̣μὴ, πυρετοῦ ἐπιγενομένου, ἅλις τὸ οὖρον Ρυῇ.
44. When ileus comes on in a case of strangury, they prove fatal in seven days, unless, fever supervening, there be a copious discharge of urine.
45. Ἕλκεα ὁκόσα ἐνιαύσια γίνεται, ἢ μακρότερον χρόνον ἴσχει, ἀνάγκη ὀστέον ἀφίστασθαι, καὶ τὰς οὐλὰς κοίλας γίνεσθαι.
45. When ulcers continue open for a year or upward, there must necessarily be exfoliation of bone, and the cicatrices are hollow.
46. Ὁκόσοι ὑβοὶ ἐξ ἄσθματος ἢ βηχὸς γίνονται πρὸ τῆς ἥβης, ἀπόλλυνται.
46. Such persons as become hump-backed from asthma or cough before puberty, die.
47. Ὁκόσοισι φλεβοτομίη ἢ φαρμακείη ξυμφέρει, τουτέους προσῆκον τοῦ ἦρος φλεβοτομεῖν, ἢ φαρμακεύειν.
47. Persons who are benefited by venesection or purging, should be bled or purged in spring.
48. Τοῖσι σπληνώδεσι δυσεντερίη ἐπιγενομένη, ἀγαθόν.
48. In enlargement of the spleen, it is a good symptom when dysentery comes on.
49. Ὁκόσα ποδαγρικὰ νουσήματα γίνεται, ταῦτα ἀποφλεγμήναντα ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρῃσιν ἀποκαθίσταται.
49. In gouty affections, the inflammation subsides in the course of forty days.
50. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ὁ ἐγκέφαλος διακοπῇ, τουτέοισιν ἀνάγκη πυρετὸν καὶ χολῆς ἔμετον ἐπιγίνεσθαι.
50. When the brain is severely wounded, fever and vomiting of bile necessarily supervene.
51. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑγιαίνουσιν ὀδύναι γίνονται ἐξαίφνης ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ, καὶ παραχρῆμα ἄφωνοι κεῖνται, καὶ Ρέγκουσιν, ἀπόλλυνται ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν, ἢν μὴ πυρετὸς ἐπιλάβῃ.
51. When persons in good health are suddenly seized with pains in the head, and straightway are laid down speechless, and breathe with stertor, they die in seven days, unless fever come on.
52. Σκοπεῖν δὲ χρὴ καὶ τὰς ὑποφάσιας τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐν τοῖσιν ὕπνοισιν ἢν γάρ τι ὑποφαίνηται, ξυμβαλλομένων τῶν βλεφάρων, τοῦ λευκοῦ μὴ ἐκ διαῤΡοίης ἐόντι ἢ φαρμακοποσίης, φλαῦρον τὸ σημεῖον καὶ θανατῶδες σφόδρα.
52. We must attend to the appearances of the eyes in sleep, as presented from below; for if a portion of the white be seen between the closed eyelids, and if this be not connected with diarrhaea or severe purging, it is a very bad and mortal symptom.
53. Αἱ παραφροσύναι αἱ μὲν μετὰ γέλωτος γινόμεναι, ἀσφαλέστεραι αἱ δὲ μετὰ σπουδῆς, ἐπισφαλέστεραι.
53. Delirium attended with laughter is less dangerous than delirium attended with a serious mood.
54. Ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσι πάθεσι τοῖσι μετὰ πυρετοῦ αἱ κλαυθμώδεες ἀναπνοαὶ, κακαί.
54. In acute diseases, complicated with fever, a moaning respiration is bad.
55. Τὰ ποδαγρικὰ τοῦ ἦρος καὶ τοῦ φθινοπώρου κινέεται ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλύ.
55. For the most part, gouty affections rankle in spring and in autumn.
56. Τοῖσι μελαγχολικοῖσι νουσήμασιν ἐς τάδε ἐπικίνδυνοι αἱ ἀποσκήψιες ἢ ἀπόπληξιν τοῦ σώματος, ἢ σπασμὸν, ἢ μανίην, ἢ τύφλωσιν σημαίνουσιν.
56. In melancholic affections, determinations of the humor which occasions them produce the following diseases; either apoplexy of the whole body, or convulsion, or madness, or blindness.
57. Ἀπόπληκτοι δὲ μάλιστα γίνονται ἡλικίῃ τῇ ἀπὸ τεσσαράκοντα ἐτέων ἄχρις ἑξήκοντα.
57. Persons are most subject to apoplexy between the ages of forty and sixty.
58. Ἢν ἐπίπλοον ἐκπέσῃ, ἀνάγκη ἀποσαπῆναι.
58. If the omentum protrude, it necessarily mortifies and drops off.
59. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑπὸ ἰσχιάδος ἐνοχλουμένοισιν ἐξίσταται τὸ ἰσχίον, καὶ πάλιν ἐμπίπτει, τουτέοισι μύξαι ἐπιγίνονται.
59. In chronic diseases of the hip-joint, if the bone protrude and return again into its socket, there is mucosity in the place.
60. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑπὸ ἰσχιάδος ἐνοχλουμένοισι χρονίης τὸ ἰσχίον ἐξίσταται, τουτέοισι τήκεται τὸ σκέλος, καὶ χωλοῦνται, ἢν μὴ καυθέωσιν.
60. In persons affected with chronic disease of the hip-joint, if the bone protrude from its socket, the limb becomes wasted and maimed, unless the part be cauterized.
SECTION VII
1. Ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσι νουσήμασι ψύξις ἀκρωτηρίων, κακόν.
1. In acute diseases, coldness of the extremities is bad.
2. Ἐπὶ ὀστέῳ νοσέοντι σὰρξ πελιδνὴ, κακόν.
2. Livid flesh on a diseased bone is bad.
3. Ἐπὶ ἐμέτῳ λὺγξ καὶ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐρυθροὶ, κακόν.
3. Hiccup and redness of the eyes, when they supervene on vomiting, are bad.
4. Ἐπὶ ἱδρῶτι φρίκη, οὐ χρηστόν.
4. A chill supervening on a sweat is not good.
5. Ἐπὶ μανίῃ δυσεντερίη, ἢ ὕδρωψ, ἢ ἔκστασις, ἀγαθόν.
5. Dysentery, or dropsy, or ecstacy coming on madness is good.
6. Ἐν νούσῳ πολυχρονίῃ ἀσιτίη καὶ ἄκρητοι ὑποχωρήσιες, κακόν.
6. In a very protracted disease, loss of appetite and unmixed discharges from the bowels are bad symptoms.
7. Ἐκ πολυποσίης ῥῖγος καὶ παραφροσύνη, κακόν.
7. A rigor and delirium from excessive drinking are bad.
8. Ἐπὶ φύματος ἔσω ῥήξει ἔκλυσις, ἔμετος, καὶ λειποψυχίη γίνεται.
8. From the rupture of an internal abscess, prostration of strength, vomiting, and deliquium animi result.
9. Ἐπὶ αἵματος ῥύσει παραφροσύνη ἢ σπασμὸς, κακόν.
9. Delirium or convulsion from a flow of blood is bad.
10. Ἐπὶ εἰλεῷ ἔμετος, ἢ λὺγξ, ἢ σπασμὸς, ἢ παραφροσύνη, κακόν
10. Vomiting, or hiccup, or convulsion, or delirium, in ileus, is bad.
11. Ἐπὶ πλευρίτιδι περιπλευμονίη, κακόν.
11. Pneumonia coming on pleurisy is bad.
12. Ἐπὶ περιπλευμονίῃ φρενῖτις, κακόν.
12. Phrenitis along with pneumonia is bad.
13. Ἐπὶ καύμασιν ἰσχυροῖσι σπασμὸς ἢ τέτανος, κακόν.
13. Convulsion or tetanus, coming upon severe burning, is bad.
14. Ἐπὶ πληγῇ ἐς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἔκπληξις ἢ παραφροσύνη, κακόν.
14. Stupor or delirium from a blow on the head is bad.
15. Ἐπὶ αἵματος πτύσει, πύου ̣τύσις.
15. From a spitting of blood there is a spitting of pus.
16. Ἐπὶ πύου πτύσει, φθίσις καὶ ῥύσις ἐπὴν δὲ τὸ σίελον ἴσχηται, ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
16. From spitting of pus arise phthisis and a flux; and when the sputa are stopped, they die.
17. Ἐπὶ φλεγμονῇ τοῦ ἥπατος λὺγξ, κακόν.
17. Hiccup in inflammation of the liver bad.
18. Ἐπὶ ἀγρυπνίῃ σπασμὸς ἢ παραφροσύνη, κακόν. 18 βις. Ἐπὶ ληθάργῳ τρόμος, κακόν.
18. Convulsion or delirium supervening upon insomnolency is bad. Trembling upon lethargus is bad.
19. Ἐπὶ ὀστέου ψιλώσει, ἐρυσίπελας.
19. Erysipelas upon exposure of a bone (is bad?).
20. Ἐπὶ ἐρυσιπέλατι σηπεδὼν ἢ ἐκπύησις.
20. Mortification or suppuration upon erysipelas is bad.
21. Ἐπὶ ἰσχυρῷ σφυγμῷ ἐν τοῖσιν ἕλκεσιν, αἱμορραγίη.
21. Hemorrhage upon a strong pulsation in wounds is bad.
22. Ἐπὶ ὀδύνῃ πολυχρονίῳ τῶν περὶ τὴν κοιλίην, ἐκπύησις.
22. Suppuration upon a protracted pain of the parts about the bowels is bad.
23. Ἐπὶ ἀκρήτῳ ὑποχωρήσει, δυσεντερίη.
23. Dysentery upon unmixed alvine discharges is bad.
24. Ἐπὶ ὀστέου διακοπῇ, παραφροσύνη, ἢν κενεὸν λάβῃ
24. Delirium upon division of the cranium, if it penetrate into the cavity of the head, is bad.
25. Ἐκ φαρμακοποσίης σπασμὸς, θανατῶδες.
25. Convulsion upon severe purging is mortal.
26. Ἐπὶ ὀδύνῃ ἰσχυρῇ τῶν περὶ τὴν κοιλίην, ἀκρωτηρίων ψύξις, κακόν.
26. Upon severe pain of the parts about the bowels, coldness of the extremities coming on is bad.
27. Ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ τεινεσμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος ἐκτρῶσαι ποιέει.
27. Tenesmus coming on in a case of pregnancy causes abortion.
28. Ὅ τι ἂν ὀστέον, ἢ χόνδρος, ἢ νεῦρον ἀποκοπῇ ἐν τῷ σώματι, οὔτε αὔξεται, οὔτε συμφύεται.
28. Whatever piece of bone, cartilage, or nerve ( tendon? ) is cut off, it neither grows nor unites.
29. Ἢν ὑπὸ λευκοῦ φλέγματος ἐχομένῳ διάρροια ἐπιγένηται ἰσχυρὴ, λύει τὴν νοῦσον.
29. When strong diarrhoea supervenes in a case of leucophlegmatia, it removes the disease.
30. Ὁκόσοισιν ἀφρώδεα τὰ διαχωρήματα ἐν τῇσι διαρροίῃσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ταῦτα ἀποκαταρρέει.
30. In those cases in which frothy discharges occur in diarrhoea there are defluxions from the head.
31. Ὁκόσοισι πυρέσσουσιν ἐν τοῖσιν οὔροισι κριμνώδεες αἱ ὑποστάσιες γίνονται, μακρὴν τὴν ἀρρωστίην σημαίνουσιν.
31. When there is a farinaceous sediment in the urine during fever, it indicates a protracted illness.
32. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ χολώδεες αἱ ὑποστάσιες, ἄνωθεν δὲ λεπταὶ, ὀξείην τὴν ἀρρωστίην σημαίνουσιν.
32. In those cases in which the urine is thin at first, and the sediments become bilious, an acute disease is indicated.
33. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ διεστηκότα τὰ οὖρα γίνεται, τουτέοισι ταραχὴ ἰσχυρὴ ἐν τῷ σώματί ἐστιν.
33. In those cases in which the urine becomes divided there is great disorder in the body.
34. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖσιν οὔροισιν ἐφίστανται πομφόλυγες, νεφριτικὰ σημαίνουσι, καὶ μακρὴν τὴν ἀρρωστίην ἔσεσθαι.
34. When bubbles settle on the surface of the urine, they indicate disease of the kidneys, and that the complaint will be protracted.
35. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ λιπαρὴ ἡ ἐπίστασις καὶ ἀθρόη, τουτέοισι νεφριτικὰ καὶ ὀξέα σημαίνει.
35. When the scum on the surface is fatty and copious, it indicates acute diseases of the kidneys.
36. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ νεφριτικοῖσιν ἐοῦσι τὰ προειρημένα συμβαίνει σημήϊα, πόνοι τε ὀξέες περὶ τοὺς μύας τοὺς ῥαχιαίους γίνονται, ἢν μὲν περὶ τοὺς ἔξω τόπους γίνωνται, ἀπόστημα προσδέχου ἐσόμενον ἔξω ἢν δὲ μᾶλλον οἱ πόνοι πρὸς τοὺς ἔσω τόπους γίνωνται, καὶ τὸ ἀπόστημα προσδέχου ἐσόμενον μᾶλλον ἔσω.
36. Whenever the aforementioned symptoms occur in nephritic diseases, and along with them acute pains about the muscles of the back, provided these be seated about the external parts, you may expect that there will be an abscess; but if the pains be rather about the internal parts, you may also rather expect that the abscess will be seated internally.
37. Ὁκόσοι αἷμα ἐμέουσιν, ἢν μὲν ἄνευ πυρετοῦ, σωτήριον
ἢν δὲ ξὺν πυρετῷ, κακόν θεραπεύειν δὲ τοῖσι ψυκτικοῖσι καὶ τοῖσι στυπτικοῖσιν.
37. Haematemesis, without fever, does not prove fatal, but with fever it is bad; it is to be treated with refrigerant and styptic things.
38. Κατάρροοι οἱ ἐς τὴν ἄνω κοιλίην ἐκπυέονται ἐν ἡμέρησιν εἴκοσιν.
38. Defluxions into the cavity of the chest suppurate in twenty days.
39. Ἢν οὐρέῃ αἷμα καὶ θρόμβους, καὶ στραγγουρίη ἔχῃ, καὶ ὀδύνη ἐμπίπτῃ ἐς τὸν περίνεον καὶ τὸν κτένα, τὰ περὶ τὴν κύστιν νοσέειν σημαίνει.
39. When a patient passes blood and clots, and is seized with strangury and pain in the perineum and pubes, disease about the bladder is indicated.
40. Ἢν ἡ γλῶσσα ἐξαίφνης ἀκρατὴς γένηται, ἢ ἀπόπληκτόν τι τοῦ σώματος, μελαγχολικὸν τὸ τοιοῦτο γίνεται.
40. If the tongue suddenly lose its powers, or a part of the body become apoplectic, the affection is of a melancholic nature.
41. Ἢν, ὑπερκαθαιρομένων τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, λὺγξ ἐπιγένηται, οὐκ ἀγαθόν
41. In hypercatharsis, of old persons, hiccup supervening is not a good symptom.
42. Ἢν πυρετὸς μὴ ἀπὸ χολῆς ἔχῃ, ὕδατος πολλοῦ καὶ θερμοῦ καταχεομένου κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς, λύσις τοῦ πυρετοῦ γίνεται.
42. In a fever, is not of a bilious nature, a copious allusion of hot water upon the head removes the fever.
43. Γυνὴ ἀμφιδέξιος οὐ γίνεται.
43. A woman does not become ambidexterous.
44. Ὁκόσοι ἔμπυοι καίονται ἢ τέμνονται, ἢν μὲν τὸ πῦον καθαρὸν ῥυῇ καὶ λευκὸν, περιγίνονται ἢν δὲ ὕφαιμον καὶ βορβορῶδες καὶ δυσῶδες, ἀπόλλυνται
44. When empyema is treated either by the cautery or incision, if pure and white pus flow from the wound, the patients recover; but if mixed with blood, slimy and fetid, they die.
45. Ὁκόσοι τὸ ἧπαρ διάπυον καίονται ἢ τέμνονται, ἢν μὲν τὸ πῦον καθαρὸν ῥυῇ καὶ λευκὸν, περιγίγνονται ἐν χιτῶνι γὰρ τὸ πῦον τουτέοισίν ἐστιν ἢν δὲ οἷον ἀμόργη ῥυῇ, ἀπόλλυνται.
45. When abscess of the liver is treated by the cautery or incision, if the pus which is discharged be pure and white, the patients recover, (for in this case it is situated in the coats of the liver;) but if it resemble the lees of oil as it flows, they die.
46. Ὀδύνας ὀφθαλμῶν, ἄκρητον ποτίσας καὶ λούσας πολλῷ θερμῷ, φλεβοτόμει.
46. Pains of the eyes are removed by drinking undiluted wine, plenteous bathing with hot water, and venesection.
47. Ὑδρωπιῶντα ἢν βὴξ ἔχῃ, ἀνέλπιστός ἐστιν.
47. If a dropsical patient be seized with hiccup the case is hopeless.
48. Στραγγουρίην καὶ δυσουρίην θώρηξις καὶ φλεβοτομίη λύει τάμνειν δὲ τὰς ἔσω.
48. Strangury and dysuria are cured by drinking pure wine, and venesection; open the vein on the inside.
49. Ὑπὸ κυνάγχης ἐχομένῳ οἴδημα καὶ ἐρύθημα ἐν τῷ στήθει ἐπιγενόμενον, ἀγαθόν ἔξω γὰρ τρέπεται τὸ νούσημα.
49. It is a good sign when swelling and redness on the breast seize a person very ill of quinsy, for in this case the disease is diverted outwardly.
50. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν σφακελισθῇ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος, ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέρῃσιν ἀπόλλυνται ἢν δὲ ταύτας διαφύγωσιν, ὑγιέες γίνονται.
50. When the brain is attacked with sphacelus, the patients die in three days; or if they escape these, they recover.
51. Πταρμὸς γίνεται ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς, διαθερμαινομένου τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου, ἢ διυγραινομένου τοῦ ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ κενεοῦ ὑπερχέεται οὖν ὁ ἀὴρ ὁ ἐνεὼν, ψοφέει δὲ, ὅτι διὰ στενοῦ ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ ἐστιν
51. Sneezing arises from the head, owing to the brain being heated, or the cavity ( ventricle ) in the head being filled with humors; the air confined in it then is discharged, and makes a noise, because it comes through a narrow passage.
52. Ὁκόσοι ἧπαρ περιωδυνέουσι, τουτέοισι πυρετὸς ἐπιγενόμενος λύει τὴν ὀδύνην.
52. Fever supervening on painful affections of the liver removes the pain.
53. Ὁκόσοισι ξυμφέρει αἷμα ἀφαιρέεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν φλεβῶν, τουτέοισι ξυμφέρει ἦρος φλεβοτομέεσθαι.
53. Those persons to whom it is beneficial to have blood taken from their veins, should have it done in spring.
54. Ὁκόσοισι μεταξὺ τῶν φρενῶν καὶ τῆς γαστρὸς φλέγμα ἀποκλείεται, καὶ ὀδύνην παρέχει, οὐκ ἔχον διέξοδον ἐς οὐδετέρην τῶν κοιλιῶν, τουτέοισι, κατὰ τὰς φλέβας ἐς τὴν κύστιν τραπέντος τοῦ φλέγματος, λύσις γίνεται τῆς νούσου.
54. In those cases where phlegm is collected between the diaphragm and the stomach, and occasions pain, as not finding a passage into either of the cavities, the disease will be carried off if the phlegm be diverted to the bladder by the veins.
55. Ὁκόσοισι δ’ ἂν τὸ ἧπαρ ὕδατος πλησθὲν ἐς τὸ ἐπίπλοον ῥαγῇ, τουτέοισιν ἡ κοιλίη ὕδατος ἐμπίπλαται, καὶ ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
55. When the liver is filled with water and bursts into the epiploon, in this case the belly is filled with water and the patient dies.
56. Ἀλύκη, χάσμη, φρίκη, οἶνος ἴσος ἴσῳ πινόμενος λύει.
56. Anxiety, yawning, rigor,-wine drunk with an equal proportion of water, removes these complaints.
57. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῇ οὐρήθρῃ φύματα γίνεται, τουτέοισι, διαπυήσαντος καὶ ἐκραγέντος, λύεται ὁ πόνος
57. When tubercles ( phymata ) form in the urethra, if they suppurate and burst, the pain is carried off.
58. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ὁ ἐγκέφαλος σεισθῇ ὑπό τινος προφάσιος, ἀνάγκη ἀφώνους γίνεσθαι παραχρῆμα.
58. In cases of concussion of the brain produced by any cause, the patients necessarily lose their speech.
60. Τοὶσι σώμασι τοῖσιν ὑγρὰς τὰς σάρκας ἔχουσι δεῖ λιμὸν ἐμποιέειν λιμὸς γὰρ ξηραίνει τὰ σώματα.
59. In a person affected with fever, when there is no swelling in the fauces, should suffocation suddenly come on, and the patient not be able to swallow, except with difficulty, it is a mortal symptom. In the case of a person oppressed by fever, if the neck be turned aside, and the patient cannot swallow, while there is no swelling in the neck, it is a mortal sign.
59. Ἢν ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος ἐν τῇ φάρυγγι, πνὶξ ἐξαίφνης ἐπιγένηται, καὶ καταπίνειν μὴ δύνηται, ἀλλ’ ἢ μόλις, θανάσιμον. 59 βις. Ἢνὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ ὁ τράχηλος ἐπιστραφῇ, καὶ καταπίνειν μὴ δύνηται, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος ἐν τῷ τραχήλῳ, θανάσιμον.
60. Fasting should be prescribed the those persons who have humid flesh; for fasting dries bodies.
61. Ὅκου ἂν ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι μεταβολαὶ, καὶ τὸ σῶμα καταψύχηται, καὶ πάλιν θερμαίνηται, ἢ χρῶμα ἕτερον ἐξ ἑτέρου μεταβάλλῃ, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει.
61. When there are changes in the whole body, and the body becomes sometimes cold and sometimes hot, and the color changes, a protracted disease is indicated.
62. Ἰδρὼς πουλὺς, θερμὸς ἢ ψυχρὸς, ῥέων αἰεὶ, σημαίνει ἔχειν πλησμονὴν ὑγροῦ ἀπάγειν οὖν χρὴ τῷ μὲν ἰσχυρῷ ἄνωθεν, τῷ δὲ ἀσθενεῖ κάτωθεν.
62. A copious sweat, hot or cold, constantly flowing, indicates a superabundance of humidity; we must evacuate then, in a strong person upward, and in a weak, downward.
63. Οἱ πυρετοὶ οἱ μὴ διαλείποντες, ἢν ἰσχυρότεροι διὰ τρίτης γίνωνται, ἐπικίνδυνοι ὅτῳ δ’ ἂν τρόπῳ διαλείπωσι, σημαίνει ὅτι ἀκίνδυνοι.
63. Fevers, not of the intermittent type, if they become exacerbated every third day are dangerous; but if they intermit in any form whatever, this shows that they are not dangerous.
64. Ὁκόσοισι πυρετοὶ μακροὶ, τουτέοισιν ἢ φύματα, ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐγγίνονται.
64. In cases of protracted fever, either chronic abscesses or pains in the joints come on.
65. Ὁκόσοισι φύματα ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐκ πυρετῶν γίνονται, οὗτοι σιτίοισι πλείοσι χρέονται.
65. When chronic abscesses ( phymata ) or pains in the joints take place after fevers, the patients are using too much food.
66. Ἤν τις πυρέσσοντι τροφὴν διδῷ, ἣν ὑγιεῖ, τῷ μὲν ὑγιαίνοντι ἰσχὺς, τῷ δὲ κάμνοντι νοῦσος.
66. If one give to a person in fever the same food which is given to a person in good health, what is strength to the one is disease to the other.
67. Τὰ διὰ τῆς κύστιος διαχωρέοντα ὁρῇν δεῖ, εἰ οἷα τοῖς
ὑγιαίνουσιν ὑποχωρέεται τὰ ἥκιστα οὖν ὅμοια τουτέοισι, ταῦτα νοσωδέστερα, τὰ δ’ ὅμοια τοῖσιν ὑγιαίνουσιν, ἥκιστα νοσερά.
67. We must look to the urinary evacuations, whether they resemble those of persons in health; if not at all so, they are particularly morbid, but if they are like those of healthy persons, they are not at all morbid.
68. Καὶ οἷσι τὰ ὑποχωρήματα, ἢν ἐάσῃς στῆναι καὶ μὴ κινήσῃς, ὑφίσταται οἱονεὶ ξύσματα, τουτέοισι ξυμφέρει ὑποκαθῆραι τὴν κοιλίην ἢν δὲ μὴ καθαρὴν ποιήσας διδῷς τὰ ῥοφήματα, ὁκόσῳ ἂν κλείω διδῷς, μᾶλλον βλάψεις.
68. When the dejections are allowed to stand and not shaken, and a sediment is formed like scrapings (of the bowels), in such a case it is proper to purge the bowels; and if you give ptisans before purging, the more you give the more harm you will do.
69. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν κάτω ὠμὰ διαχωρέῃ, ἀπὸ χολῆς μελαίνης ἐστὶν, ἢν πλείονα, πλείονος, ἢν ἐλάσσονα, ἐλάσσονος.
69. Crude dejections are the product of black bile; if abundant, of more copious, and if deficient, of less copious collections of it.
70. Αἱ ἀποχρέμψιες αἱ ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσι, πελιδναὶ καὶ αἱματώδεες καὶ δυσώδεες, πᾶσαι κακαί ἀποχωρέουσαι δὲ καλῶς, ἀγαθαὶ, καὶ κατὰ κοιλίην καὶ κύστιν καὶ ὅκου ἄν τι ἀποχωρέον στῇ μὴ κεκαθαρμένῳ, κακόν.
70. The sputa in fevers, not of an intermittent type, which are livid, streaked with blood, and fetid, are all bad, it is favorable when this evacuation, like the urinary and alvine, passes freely; and whenever any discharge is suppressed and not purged off it is bad.
71. Τὰ σώματα χρὴ, ὅκου τις βούλεται καθαίρεσθαι, εὔροα ποιέειν κἢν μὲν ἄνω βούλῃ εὔροα ποιέειν, στῆσαι τὴν κοιλίην ἢν δὲ κάτω εὔροα ποιέειν, ὑγρῆναι τὴν κοιλίην.
71. When you wish to purge the body, you must bring it into a state favorable to evacuations; and if you wish to dispose it to evacuations upward, you must bind the belly; and if you wish to dispose it to evacuations downward, you must moisten the belly.
72. Ὕπνος, ἀγρυπνίη, ἀμφότερα μᾶλλον τοῦ μετρίου γινόμενα, νοῦσος.
72. Sleep and watchfulness, both of them, when immoderate, constitute disease.
73. Ἐν τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἢν τὰ μὲν ἔξω ψυχρὰ ᾖ, τὰ δὲ ἔσω καίηται, καὶ πυρετὸς ἔχῃ, θανάσιμον.
73. In fevers which do not intermit, if the external parts be cold, and the internal burning hot, and fever prevail, it is a mortal sign.
74. Ἐν μὴ διαλείποντι πυρετῷ, ἢν χεῖλος, ἢ ῥὶς, ἢ ὀφθαλμὸς διαστραφῇ, ἢν μὴ βλέπῃ, ἢν μὴ ἀκούῃ, ἤδη ἀσθενὴς ἐὼν, ὅ τι ἂν ᾖ τουτέων τῶν σημείων, θανάσιμον.
74. In a fever which does not intermit, if a lip, the nose, or an eye be distorted, if the patient lose his sense of sight or of hearing, while now in a weak state,-whatever of these symptoms occurs it is mortal.
75. Ἐπὶ λευκῷ φλέγματι ὕδρωψ ἐπιγίνεται.
75. Upon leucophlegmatia dropsy supervenes.
76. Ἐπὶ διαρροίῃ δυσεντερίη.
76. Upon diarrhoea dysentery.
77. Ἐπὶ δυσεντερίῃ λειεντερίη.
77. Upon dysentery lientery.
78. Ἐπὶ σφακέλῳ ἀπόστασις ὀστέου.
79 et 80. Ἐπὶ αἵματος ἐμέτῳ φθορὴ, καὶ πύου κάθαρσις ἄνω ἐπὶ φθορῇ ῥεῦμα ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐπὶ ῥεύματι διάρροια ἐπὶ διαρροίῃ σχέσις τῆς ἄνω καθάρσιος ἐπὶ τῇ σχέσει θάνατος.
78. Upon sphacelus exfoliation of the bone.
79 & 80. Ἐπὶ αἵματος ἐμέτῳ φθορὴ, καὶ πύου κάθαρσις ἄνω ἐπὶ φθορῇ ῥεῦμα ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐπὶ ῥεύματι διάρροια ἐπὶ διαρροίῃ σχέσις τῆς ἄνω καθάρσιος ἐπὶ τῇ σχέσει θάνατος.
79. and 80
Upon vomiting of blood consumption, and a purging of pus upward; upon consumption a defluxion from the head; upon a defluxion diarrhoea; upon diarrhoea a stoppage of the purging upward; upon the stoppage of it death.
81. Ὁκοῖα καὶ ἐν τοῖσι κατὰ τὴν κύστιν, καὶ τοῖσι κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην ὑποχωρήμασι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσι κατὰ τὰς σάρκας, καὶ ἤν που
ἄλλῃ τῆς φύσιος ἐκβαίνῃ τὸ σῶμα, ἢν ὀλίγον, ὀλίγη ἡ νοῦσοξ γίνεται, ἢν πουλὺ, πολλὴ, ἢν πάνυ πουλὺ, θανάσιμον τὸ τοιοῦτον.
81. In the discharges by the bladder, the belly, and the flesh ( the skin? ) if the body has departed slightly from its natural condition, the disease is slight; if much, it is great; if very much, it is mortal.
82. Ὁκόσοι ὑπὲρ τὰ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτεα φρενιτικοὶ γίνονται, οὐ πάνυ τι ὑγιάζονται ἧσσον γὰρ κινδυνεύουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν οἰκείη τῆς φύσιος καὶ τῆς ἡλικίης ἡ νοῦσος ᾖ.
82. Persons above forty years of age who are affected with frenzy, do not readily recover; the danger is less when the disease is cognate to the constitution and age.
83. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῇσιν ἀρρωστίῃσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κατὰ προαίρεσιν δακρύουσιν, ἀγαθόν ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἄνευ προαιρέσιος, κακόν.
83. In whatever diseases the eyes weep voluntarily, it is a good symptom, but when involuntarily, it is a bad.
84. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τεταρταίοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἷμα ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν ῥυῇ, πονηρόν.
84. When in quartan fevers blood flows from the nostrils it is a bad symptom.
85. Ἰδρῶτες ἐπικίνδυνοι ἐν τῇσι κρισίμοισιν ἡμέρῃσι μὴ γινόμενοι, σφοδροί τε καὶ ταχέως ὠθούμενοι ἐκ τοῦ μετώπου, ὥσπερ σταλαγμοὶ καὶ κρουνοὶ, καὶ ψυχροὶ σφόδρα καὶ πολλοί ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὸν τοιοῦτον ἱδρῶτα πορεύεσθαι μετὰ βίης, καὶ πόνου ὑπερβολῆς, καὶ ἐκθλίψιος πολυχρονίου.
85. Sweats are dangerous when they do not occur on critical days, when they are strong, and quickly forced out of the forehead, either in the form of drops or in streams, and if excessively cold and copious; for such a sweat must proceed from violence, excess of pain, and prolonged squeezing ( affliction? ).
86. Ἐπὶ χρονίῳ νουσήματι κοιλίης καταφορὴ, κακόν.
86. In a chronic disease an excessive flux from the bowels is bad.
87. Ὁκόσα φάρμακα οὐκ ἰῆται, σίδηρος ἰῆται ὅσα σίδηρος οὐκ ἰῆται, πῦρ ἰῆται ὅσα δὲ πῦρ οὐκ ἰῆται, ταῦτα χρὴ νομίζειν ἀνίατα.
87. Those diseases which medicines do not cure, iron ( the knife? ） cures; those which iron cannot cure, fire cures; and those which fire cannot cure, are to be reckoned wholly incurable.
Κατάστασις πρώτη - FIRST CONSTITUTION
Κατάστασις δευτέρη - SECOND CONSTITUTION
Κατάστασις Τρίτη - THIRD CONSTITUTION
Ἄρρωστοι τέσσαρες καίδεκα - FOURTEEN CASES
Ἑκκαίδεκα ἄρρωστοι - SIXTEEN CASES
I. Ἐν Θάσῳ φθινοπώρου περὶ ἰσημερίην καὶ ὑπὸ πληιάδα ὕδατα πολλά, συνεχέα μαλθακῶς, ἐν νοτίοις. χειμὼν νότιος, σμικρὰ βόρεια, αὐχμοί· τὸ σύνολον ἔς γε χειμῶνα οἷον ἔαρ γίνεται. ἔαρ δὲ νότιον ψυχεινόν, σμικρὰ ὕσματα. θέρος ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ἐπινέφελον. ἀνυδρίαι. ἐτησίαι ὀλίγα, σμικρά, διεσπασμένως ἔπνευσαν.
Γενομένης δὲ τῆς ἀγωγῆς ὅλης ἐπὶ τὰ νότια καὶ μετ᾽ αὐχμῶν, πρωὶ μὲν τοῦ ἦρος ἐκ τῆς πρόσθεν καταστάσιος ὑπεναντίης καὶ βορείου γενομένης ὀλίγοις ἐγίνοντο καῦσοι καὶ τούτοισι πάνυ εὐσταθέες, καὶ ὀλίγοις ᾑμορράγει οὐδ᾽ ἀπέθνῃσκον ἐκ τούτων. ἐπάρματα δὲ παρὰ τὰ ὦτα πολλοῖσιν ἑτερόρροπα καὶ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων, τοῖσι πλείστοισιν ἀπύροισιν ὀρθοστάδην· ἔστι δὲ οἳ καὶ σμικρὰ ἐπεθερμαίνοντο. κατέσβη πᾶσιν ἀσινέως οὐδ᾽ ἐξεπύησεν οὐδενὶ ὥσπερ τὰ ἐξ ἄλλων προφασίων. ἦν δὲ ὁ τρόπος αὐτῶν χαῦνα, μεγάλα, κεχυμένα, οὐ μετὰ φλεγμονῆς, ἀνώδυνα· πᾶσιν ἀσήμως ἠφανίσθη. ἐγίνετο δὲ ταῦτα μειρακίοισι, νέοισιν, ἀκμάζουσι, καὶ τούτων τοῖσι περὶ παλαίστρην καὶ γυμνάσια πλείστοισι· γυναιξὶ δὲ ὀλίγῃσιν ἐγίνετο. πολλοῖσι δὲ βῆχες ξηραὶ βήσσουσι καὶ οὐδὲν ἀνάγουσιν· φωναὶ βραγχώδεες. οὐ μετὰ πολύ, τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετὰ χρόνον, φλεγμοναὶ μετ᾽ ὀδύνης ἐς ὄρχιν ἑτερόρροποι, τοῖσι δὲ ἐς ἀμφοτέρους. πυρετοὶ τοῖσι μέν, τοῖσι δ᾽ οὔ. ἐπιπόνως ταῦτα τοῖσι πλείστοισι. τὰ δ᾽ ἄλλα ὅσα κατ᾽ ἰητρεῖον ἀνόσως διῆγον.
I. IN Thasos during autumn, about the time of the equinox to near the setting of the Pleiades, there were many rains, gently continuous, with southerly winds. Winter southerly, north winds light, droughts ; on the whole, the winter was like a spring. Spring southerly and chilly ; slight showers. Summer in general cloudy. No rain. Etesian winds few, light and irregular.
The whole weather proved southerly, with droughts, but early in the spring, as the previous constitution had proved the opposite and northerly, a few patients suffered from ardent fevers, and these very mild, causing hemorrhage in few cases and no deaths. Many had swellings beside one ear, or both ears, in most cases unattended with fever, so that confinement to bed was unnecessary. In some cases there was slight heat, but in all the swellings subsided without causing harm ; in no case was there suppuration such as attends swellings of other origin. This was the character of them : — flabby, big, spreading, with neither inflammation nor pain ; in every case they disappeared without a sign. The sufferers were youths, young men, and men in their prime, usually those who frequented the wrestling school and gymnasia. Few women were attacked. Many had dry coughs which brought up nothing when they coughed, but their voices were hoarse. Soon after, though in some cases after some time, painful inflammations occurred either in one testicle or in both, sometimes accompanied with fever, in other cases not. Usually they caused much suffering. In other respects the people had no ailments requiring medical assistance.
II. Πρωὶ δὲ τοῦ θέρεος ἀρξάμενοι διὰ θέρεος καὶ κατὰ χειμῶνα πολλοὶ τῶν ἤδη πολὺν χρόνον ὑποφερομένων φθινώδεες κατεκλίνησαν, ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῖς ἐνδοιαστῶς ἔχουσι πολλοῖσιν ἐβεβαίωσε τότε. ἔστι δ᾽ οἷσιν ἤρξατο πρῶτον τότε, οἷσιν ἔρρεπεν ἡ φύσις ἐπὶ τὸ φθινῶδες. ἀπέθανον δὲ πολλοὶ καὶ πλεῖστοι τούτων, καὶ τῶν κατακλινέντων οὐκ οἶδα εἴ τις οὐδ᾽ εἰ μέτριον χρόνον περιεγένετο. ἀπέθνῃσκον δὲ ὀξυτέρως ἢ ὡς εἴθισται διάγειν τὰ τοιαῦτα· ὡς τά γε ἄλλα καὶ μακρότερα καὶ ἐν πυρετοῖσιν ἐόντα εὐφόρως ἤνεγκαν καὶ οὐκ ἀπέθνῃσκον, περὶ ὧν γεγράψεται. μοῦνον γὰρ καὶ μέγιστον τῶν γενομένων νοσημάτων τοὺς πολλοὺς τὸ φθινῶδες ἔκτεινεν.
Ην δὲ τοῖς πλείστοισιν αὐτῶν τὰ παθήματα τοιάδε· φρικώδεες πυρετοί, συνεχέες, ὀξέες, τὸ μὲν ὅλον οὐ διαλείποντες· ὁ δὲ τρόπος ἡμιτριταῖος· μίαν κουφότεροι, τῇ ἑτέρῃ παροξυνόμενοι, καὶ τὸ ὅλον ἐπὶ τὸ ὀξύτερον ἐπιδιδόντες. ἱδρῶτες αἰεί, οὐ δι᾽ ὅλου· ψύξις ἀκρέων πολλὴ καὶ μόγις ἀναθερμαινόμενα. κοιλίαι ταραχώδεες χολώδεσιν, ὀλίγοις, ἀκρήτοισι, λεπτοῖσι, δακνώδεσι· πυκνὰ ἀνίσταντο. οὖρα ἢ λεπτὰ καὶ ἄχρω καὶ ἄπεπτα καὶ ὀλίγα ἢ πάχος ἔχοντα καὶ σμικρὴν ὑπόστασιν, οὐ καλῶς καθιστάμενα, ἀλλ᾽ ὠμῇ τινι καὶ ἀκαίρῳ ὑποστάσει. ἔβησσον δὲ σμικρά, πυκνά, πέπονα, κατ᾽ ὀλίγα μόγις ἀνάγοντες. οἷσι δὲ τὰ βιαιότατα συμπίπτοι, οὐδ᾽ ἐς ὀλίγον πεπασμὸν ᾔει, ἀλλὰ διετέλεον ὠμὰ πτύοντες. φάρυγγες δὲ τοῖσι πλείστοισι τούτων ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ διὰ τέλεος ἐπώδυνοι· εἶχον ἔρευθος μετὰ φλεγμονῆς· ῥεύματα σμικρά, λεπτά, δριμέα· ταχὺ τηκόμενοι καὶ κακούμενοι, ἀπόσιτοι πάντων γευμάτων διὰ τέλεος, ἄδιψοι· καὶ παράληροι πολλοὶ περὶ θάνα τον. περὶ μὲν τὰ φθινώδεα ταῦτα.
II. Beginning early in the summer, throughout the summer and in winter many of those who had been ailing a long time took to their beds in a state of consumption, while many also who had hitherto been doubtful sufferers at this time showed undoubted symptoms. Some showed the symptoms now for the first time ; these were those whose constitution inclined to be consumptive. Many, in fact most of these, died ; of those who took to their beds I do not know one who survived even for a short time. Death came more promptly than is usual in consumption, and yet the other complaints, which will be described presently, though longer and attended with fever, were easily supported and did not prove fatal. For consumption was the worst of the diseases that occurred, and alone was responsible for the great mortality.
In the majority of cases the symptoms were these. Fever with shivering, continuous, acute, not completely intermitting, but of the semitertian type ; remitting during one day they were exacerbated on the next, becoming on the whole more acute. Sweats were continual, but not all over the body. Severe chill in the extremities, which with difficulty recovered their warmth. Bowels disordered, with bilious, scanty, unmixed, thin, smarting stools, causing the patient to get up often. Urine either thin, colourless, unconcocted and scanty, or thick and with a slight deposit, not settling favourably, but with a crude and unfavourable deposit. The patients frequently coughed up small, concocted sputa, brought up little by little with difficulty. Those exhibiting the symptoms in their most violent form showed no concoction at all, but continued spitting crude sputa. In the majority of these cases the throat was throughout painful from the beginning, being red and inflamed. Fluxes slight, thin, pungent. Patients quickly wasted away and grew worse, being throughout averse to all food and experiencing no thirst. Delirium in many cases as death approached. Such were the symptoms of the consumption.
III. Κατὰ δὲ θέρος ἤδη καὶ φθινόπωρον πυρετοὶ πολλοὶ συνεχέες οὐ βιαίως, μακρὰ δὲ νοσέουσιν οὐδὲ περὶ τὰ ἄλλα δυσφόρως διάγουσιν ἐγένοντο· κοιλίαι τε γὰρ τοῖσι πλείστοισι πάνυ εὐφόρως καὶ οὐδὲν ἄξιον λόγου προσέβλαπτον. οὖρά τε τοῖσι πλείστοισιν εὔχρω μὲν καὶ καθαρά, λεπτὰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ χρόνον περὶ κρίσιν πεπαινόμενα. βηχώδεες οὐ λίην. οὐδὲ τὰ βησσόμενα δυσκόλως· οὐδ᾽ ἀπόσιτοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ διδόναι πάνυ ἐνεδέχετο. τὸ μὲν ὅλον ὑπενόσεον, οὐ τὸν φθινώδεα τρόπον πυρετοῖσι φρικώδεσι, σμικρὰ ὑφιδροῦντες, ἄλλοτε ἀλλοίως παροξυνόμενοι πεπλανημένως. ἔκρινε τούτων οἷσι τὰ βραχύτατα γίνοιτο περὶ εἰκοστήν, τοῖσι δὲ πλείστοισι περὶ τεσσαρακοστήν, πολλοῖσι δὲ περὶ τὰς ὀγδοήκοντα. ἔστι δ᾽ οἷσιν οὐδ᾽ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ πεπλανημένως καὶ ἀκρίτως ἐξέλιπον· τούτων δὲ τοῖσι πλείστοισιν οὐ πολὺν διαλιπόντες χρόνον ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ πυρετοὶ πάλιν, ἐκ δὲ τῶν ὑποστροφέων ἐν τῇσιν αὐτῇσι περιόδοισιν ἐκρί νοντο· πολλοῖσι δὲ αὐτῶν ἀνήγαγον, ὥστε καὶ ὑπὸ χειμῶνα νοσεῖν.
Ἐκ πάντων δὲ τῶν ὑπογεγραμμένων ἐν τῇ καταστάσει ταύτῃ μούνοισι τοῖσι φθινώδεσι θανατώδεα συνέπεσεν· ἐπεὶ τοῖσί γε ἄλλοισι πᾶσιν εὐφόρως, καὶ θανατώδεες ἐν τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι πυρετοῖσιν οὐκ ἐγένοντο.
III. But when summer came, and during autumn occurred many continuous but not violent fevers, which attacked persons who were long ailing without suffering distress in any other particular manner ; for the bowels were in most cases quite easy, and hurt to no appreciable extent. Urine in most cases of good colour and clear, but thin, and after a time near the crisis it grew concocted. Coughing was slight, and caused no distress. No lack of appetite ; in fact it was quite possible even to give food. In general the patients did not sicken, as did the consumptives, with shivering fevers, but with slight sweats, the paroxysms being variable and irregular. The earliest crisis was about the twentieth day ; in most cases the crisis was about the fortieth day, though in many it was about the eightieth. In some cases the illness did not end in this way, but in an irregular manner without a crisis. In the majority of these cases the fevers relapsed after a brief interval, and after the relapse a crisis occurred at the end of the same periods as before. The disease in many of these instances was so protracted that it even lasted during the winter.
Out of all those described in this constitution only the consumptives showed a high mortality-rate ; for all the other patients bore up well, and the other fevers did not prove fatal.
IV. Ἐν Θάσῳ πρωὶ τοῦ φθινοπώρου χειμῶνες οὐ κατὰ καιρόν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξαίφνης ἐν βορείοισι καὶ νοτίοισι πολλοῖς ὑγροὶ καὶ προεκρηγνύμενοι. ταῦτα δὴ ἐγένετο τοιαῦτα μέχρι πληϊάδος δύσιος καὶ ὑπὸ πληϊάδα. χειμὼν δὲ βόρειος· ὕδατα πολλά, λάβρα, μεγάλα, χιόνες· μειξαίθρια τὰ πλεῖστα. ταῦτα δὲ ἐγένετο μὲν πάντα, οὐ λίην δὲ ἀκαίρως τὰ τῶν ψυχέων. ἤδη δὲ μεθ᾽ ἡλίου τροπὰς χειμερινὰς καὶ ἡνίκα ζέφυρος πνεῖν ἄρχεται, ὀπισθοχειμῶνες μεγάλοι, βόρεια πολλά, χιὼν καὶ ὕδατα πολλὰ συνεχέως, οὐρανὸς λαι λαπώδης καὶ ἐπινέφελος. ταῦτα δὲ συνέτεινε καὶ οὐκ ἀνίει μέχρι ἰσημερίης. ἔαρ δὲ ψυχρόν, βόρειον, ὑδατῶδες, ἐπινέφελον. θέρος οὐ λίην καυματῶδες ἐγένετο· ἐτησίαι συνεχέες ἔπνευσαν. ταχὺ δὲ περὶ ἀρκτοῦρον ἐν βορείοισι πολλὰ πάλιν ὕδατα.
IV. In Thasos early in autumn occurred unseasonable wintry storms, suddenly with many north and south winds bursting out into rains. These conditions continued until the setting of the Pleiades and during their season. Winter was northerly ; many violent and abundant rains ; snows ; generally there were fine intervals. With all this, however, the cold weather was not exceptionally unseasonable. But immediately after the winter solstice, when the west wind usually begins to blow, there was a return of severe wintry weather, much north wind, snow and copious rains continuously, sky stormy and clouded. These conditions lasted on, and did not remit before the equinox. Spring cold, northerly, wet, cloudy. Summer did not turn out excessively hot, the Etesian winds blowing continuously. But soon after, near the rising of Arcturus, there was much rain again, with northerly winds.
V. Γενομένου δὲ τοῦ ἔτεος ὅλου ὑγροῦ καὶ ψυχροῦ καὶ βορείου κατὰ χειμῶνα μὲν ὑγιηρῶς εἶχον τὰ πλεῖστα, πρωὶ δὲ τοῦ ἦρος πολλοί τινες καὶ οἱ πλεῖστοι διῆγον ἐπινόσως. ἤρξαντο μὲν οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ὀφθαλμίαι ῥοώδεες, ὀδυνώδεες, ὑγραὶ ἀπέπτως· σμικρὰ λημία δυσκόλως πολλοῖσιν ἐκρηγνύμενα· τοῖσι πλείστοισιν ὑπέστρεφον· ἀπέλιπον ὀψὲ πρὸς τὸ φθινόπωρον. κατὰ δὲ θέρος καὶ φθινόπωρον δυσεντεριώδεες καὶ τεινεσμοὶ καὶ λειεντεριώδεες. καὶ διάρροιαι χολώδεες, πολλοῖσι λεπτοῖσιν, ὠμοῖσι καὶ δακνώδεσιν, ἔστι δ᾽ οἷσι καὶ ὑδατώδεες. πολλοῖσι δὲ καὶ περίρροιαι μετὰ πόνου χολώδεες, ὑδατώδεες, ξυσματώδεες, πυώδεες, στραγγουριώδεες· οὐ νεφριτικά, ἀλλὰ τούτοισιν ἀντ᾽ ἄλλων ἄλλα. ἔμετοι φλεγματώδεες, χολώδεες καὶ σιτίων ἀπέπτων ἀναγωγαί. ἱδρῶτες· πᾶσι πάντοθεν πολὺς πλάδος. ἐγίνετο δὲ ταῦτα πολλοῖσιν ὀρθοστάδην ἀπύροισι, πολλοῖσι δὲ πυρετοί, περὶ ὧν γεγράψεται. ἐν οἷσι δὲ ὑπεφαίνετο πάντα τὰ ὑπογεγραμμένα, μετὰ πόνου φθινώδεες. ἤδη δὲ φθινοπώρου καὶ ὑπὸ χειμῶνα πυρετοὶ συνεχέες-καί τισιν αὐτῶν ὀλίγοισι καυσώδεες — ἡμερινοί, νυκτερινοί, ἡμιτριταῖοι, τριταῖοι ἀκριβέες, τεταρταῖοι, πλάνητες. ἔκαστοι δὲ τῶν ὑπογεγραμ μένων πυρετῶν πολλοῖσιν ἐγίνοντο.
V. The whole year having been wet, cold and northerly, in the winter the public health in most respects was good, but in early spring many, in fact most, suffered illnesses. Now there began at first inflammations of the eyes, marked by rheum, pain, and unconcocted discharges. Small gummy sores, in many cases causing distress when they broke out ; the great majority relapsed, and ceased late on the approach of autumn. In summer and autumn dysenteric diseases, tenesmus and lientery ; bilious diarrhœa, with copious, thin, crude, smarting stools ; in some cases it was also watery. In many cases there were also painful, bilious defluxions, watery, full of thin particles, purulent and causing strangury. No kidney trouble, but their various symptoms succeeded in various orders. Vomitings of phlegm, bile, and undigested food. Sweats ; in all cases much moisture over all the body. These complaints in many cases were unattended with fever, and the sufferers were not confined to bed ; but in many others there was fever, as I am going to describe. Those who showed all the symptoms mentioned above were consumptives who suffered pain. When autumn came, and during winter, continuous fevers — in some few cases ardent — day fevers, night fevers, semitertians, exact tertians, quartans, irregular fevers. Each of the fevers mentioned found many victims.
VI. Οἱ μὲν οὖν καῦσοι ἐλαχίστοισί τε ἐγένοντο καὶ ἥκιστα τῶν καμνόντων οὗτοι ἐπόνησαν. οὔτε γὰρ ᾑμορράγει, εἰ μὴ πάνυ σμικρὰ καὶ ὀλίγοισιν, οὔτε οἱ παράληροι. τά τε ἄλλα πάντ᾽ εὐφόρως. ἔκρινε τούτοισι πάνυ εὐτάκτως, τοῖσι πλείστοισι σὺν τῇσι διαλειπούσῃσιν ἐν ἑπτακαίδεκα ἡμέρῃσιν οὐδὲ ἀποθανόντα οὐδένα οἶδα τότε καύσῳ οὐδὲ φρενιτικὰ τότε γενόμενα. οἱ δὲ τριταῖοι πλείους μὲν τῶν καύσων καὶ ἐπιπονώτεροι· εὐτάκτως δὲ τούτοισι πᾶσιν ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης λήψιος τέσσαρας περιόδους· ἐν ἑπτὰ δὲ τελέως ἔκριναν οὐδ᾽ ὑπέστρεψαν οὐδενὶ τούτων. οἱ δὲ τεταρταῖοι πολλοῖσι μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐν τάξει τεταρταίου ἤρξαντο, ἔστι δὲ οἷς οὐκ ὀλίγοισιν ἐξ ἄλλων πυρετῶν καὶ νοσημάτων ἀποστάσει τεταρταῖοι ἐγένοντο· μακρὰ δὲ καὶ ὡς εἴθισται τούτοισι καὶ ἔτι μακρότερα συνέπιπτεν. ἀμφημερινοὶ δὲ καὶ νυκτερινοὶ καὶ πλάνητες πολλοῖσι πολλοὶ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον παρέμενον ὀρθοστάδην τε καὶ κατακειμένοισι. τοῖσι πλείστοισι τούτων ὑπὸ πληϊάδα καὶ μέχρι χειμῶνος οἱ πυρετοὶ παρείποντο. σπασμοὶ δὲ πολλοῖσι, μᾶλλον δὲ παιδίοις, ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὑπεπύρεσσον, καὶ ἐπὶ πυρετοῖσιν ἐγίνοντο σπασμοί· χρόνια μὲν τοῖσι πλείστοισι τούτων, ἀβλαβέα δέ, εἰ μὴ τοῖσι καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων πάντων ὀλεθρίως ἔχουσιν.
VI. Now the ardent fevers attacked the fewest persons, and these were less distressed than any of the other sick. There was no bleeding from the nose, except very slight discharges in a few cases, and no delirium. All the other symptoms were slight. The crises of these diseases were quite regular, generally in seventeen days, counting the days of intermission, and I know of no ardent fever proving fatal at this time, nor of any phrenitis. The tertians were more numerous than the ardent fevers and more painful. But all these had four regular periods from the first onset, had complete crises in seven, and in no case relapsed. But the quartans, while in many instances they began at first with quartan periodicity, yet in not a few they became quartan by an abscession from other fevers or illnesses. They were protracted, as quartans usually are, or even more protracted than usual. Many fell victims to quotidians, night fevers, or irregular fevers, and were ill for a long time, either in bed or walking about. In most of these cases the fevers continued during the season of the Pleiades or even until winter. In many patients, especially children, there were convulsions and slight feverishness from the beginning ; sometimes, too, convulsions supervened upon fevers. Mostly these illnesses were protracted, but not dangerous, except for those who from all other causes were predisposed to die.
VII. Οἱ δὲ δὴ συνεχέες μὲν τὸ ὅλον καὶ οὐδὲν ἐκλείποντες, παροξυνόμενοι δὲ πᾶσι τριταιοφυέα τρόπον, μίαν ὑποκουφίζοντες καὶ μίαν παροξυνόμενοι, πάντων βιαιότατοι τῶν τότε γενομένων καὶ μακρότατοι καὶ μετὰ πόνων μεγίστων γενόμενοι· πρηέως ἀρχόμενοι, τὸ δ᾽ ὅλον ἐπιδιδόντες αἰεὶ καὶ παροξυνόμενοι καὶ ἀνάγοντες ἐπὶ τὸ κάκιον· σμικρὰ διακουφίζοντες καὶ ταχὺ πάλιν ἐξ ἐπισχέσιος βιαιοτέρως παροξυνόμενοι, ἐν κρισί μοις ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ κακούμενοι. ῥίγεα δὲ πᾶσι μὲν ἀτάκτως καὶ πεπλανημένως ἐγίνετο, ἐλάχιστα δὲ καὶ ἥκιστα τούτοισιν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων πυρετῶν μέζω. ἱδρῶτες πολλοί, τούτοισι δὲ ἐλάχιστοι, κουφίζοντες οὐδέν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπεναντίον βλάβας φερόντες. ψύξις δὲ πολλὴ τούτοισιν ἀκρέων καὶ μόγις ἀναθερμαινόμενα. ἄγρυπνοι τὸ σύνολον καὶ μάλιστα οὗτοι καὶ πάλιν κωματώδεες. κοιλίαι δὲ πᾶσι μὲν ταραχώδεες καὶ κακαί, πολὺ δὲ τούτοισι κάκισται. οὖρα δὲ τοῖσι πλείστοισι τούτων ἢ λεπτὰ καὶ ὠμὰ καὶ ἄχρω καὶ μετὰ χρόνον σμικρὰ πεπαινόμενα κρισίμως ἢ πάχος μὲν ἔχοντα, θολερὰ δὲ καὶ οὐδὲν καθιστάμενα, οὐδ᾽ ὑφιστάμενα, ἢ σμικρὰ καὶ κακὰ καὶ ὠμὰ τὰ ὑφιστάμενα· κάκιστα δὲ ταῦτα πάντων. βῆχες δὲ παρείποντο μὲν τοῖς πυρετοῖσι, γράψαι δὲ οὐκ ἔχω βλάβην οὐδ᾽ ὠφελείην γενομένην διὰ βηχὸς τότε.
VII. But those fevers which were altogether continuous and never intermitted at all, but in all cases grew worse after the manner of semitertians, with remission during one day followed by exacerbation during the next, were the most severe of all the fevers which occurred at this time, the longest and the most painful. Beginning mildly, and on the whole increasing always, with exacerbation, and growing worse, they had slight remissions followed quickly after an abatement by more violent exacerbations, generally becoming worse on the critical days. All patients had irregular rigors that followed no fixed law, most rarely and least in the semitertians, but more violent in the other fevers. Copious sweats, least copious in the semitertians ; they brought no relief, but on the contrary caused harm. These patients suffered great chill in the extremities, which grew warm again with difficulty. Generally there was sleeplessness, especially with the semitertians, followed afterwards by coma. In all the bowels were disordered and in a bad state, but in the semitertians they were far the worst. In most of them urine either ( a ） thin, crude, colourless, after a time becoming slightly concocted with signs of crisis, or ( b ) thick enough but turbid, in no way settling or forming sediment, or ( c ) with small, bad, crude sediments, these being the worst of all. Coughs attended the fevers, but I cannot say that either harm or good resulted from the coughing on this occasion.
VIII. Χρόνια μὲν οὖν καὶ δυσχερέα καὶ πάνυ ἀτάκτως καὶ πεπλανημένως καὶ ἀκρίτως τὰ πλεῖστα τούτων διετέλει γινόμενα καὶ τοῖσι πάνυ ὀλεθρίως ἔχουσι καὶ τοῖσι μή. εἰ γάρ τινας αὐτῶν καὶ διαλίποι σμικρά, ταχὺ πάλιν ὑπέστρεφεν. ἔστι δ᾽ οἷσιν ἔκρινεν αὐτῶν ὀλίγοισιν, οἷσι τὰ βραχύτατα γένοιτο, περὶ ὀγδοηκοστὴν ἐοῦσι, καὶ τούτων ἐνίοις ὑπέστρεφεν, ὥστε κατὰ χειμῶνα τοὺς πλείστους αὐτῶν ἔτι νοσεῖν. τοῖσι δὲ πλείστοισιν ἀκρίτως ἐξέλειπεν. ὁμοίως δὲ ταῦτα συνέπιπτεν τοῖς περιγινομένοισιν καὶ τοῖσιν οὔ. πολλῆς δέ τινος γινομένης ἀκρισίης καὶ ποικιλίης ἐπὶ τῶν νοσημάτων καὶ μεγίστου μὲν σημείου καὶ κακίστου διὰ τέλεος παρεπομένου τοῖσι πλείστοισιν ἀποσίτοις εἶναι πάντων γευμάτων, μάλιστα δὲ τούτων, οἷσι καὶ τἄλλα ὀλεθρίως ἔχοι, διψώδεες οὐ λίην ἀκαίρως ἦσαν ἐπὶ τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τούτοισι. γενομένων δὲ χρόνων μακρῶν καὶ πόνων πολλῶν καὶ κακῆς συντήξιος, ἐπὶ τούτοισιν ἀποστάσιες ἐγίνοντο ἢ μέζους, ὥστε ὑποφέρειν μὴ δύνασθαι, ἢ μείους, ὥστε μηδὲν ὠφελεῖν, ἀλλὰ ταχὺ παλινδρομεῖν καὶ συνεπείγειν ἐπὶ τὸ κάκιον.
VIII. Now the greatest number of these symptoms continued to be protracted, troublesome, very disordered, very irregular, and without any critical signs, both in the case of those who came very near death and in the case of those who did not. For even if some patients enjoyed slight intermissions, there followed a quick relapse. A few of them experienced a crisis, the earliest being about the eightieth day, some of the latter having a relapse, so that most of them were still ill in the winter. The greatest number had no crisis before the disease terminated. These symptoms occurred in those who recovered just as much as in those who did not. The illnesses showed a marked absence of crisis and a great variety ; the most striking and the worst symptom, which throughout attended the great majority, was a complete loss of appetite, especially in those whose general condition exhibited fatal signs, but in these fevers they did not suffer much from unseasonable thirst. After long intervals, with many pains and with pernicious wasting, there supervened abscessions either too severe to be endured, or too slight to be beneficial, so that there was a speedy return of the original symptoms, and an aggravation of the mischief.
IX. Ἦν δὲ τούτοισι τὰ γινόμενα δυσεντεριώδεα καὶ τεινεσμοί, καὶ λειεντερικοὶ καὶ ῥοώδεες. ἔστι δ᾽ οἷσι καὶ ὕδρωπες μετὰ τούτων καὶ ἄνευ τούτων. ὅ τι δὲ παραγένοιτο τούτων βιαίως ταχὺ συνῄρει, ἢ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ μηδὲν ὠφελεῖν. ἐξανθήματα σμικρὰ καὶ οὐκ ἀξίως τῆς περιβολῆς τῶν νοσημάτων καὶ ταχὺ πάλιν ἀφανιζόμενα ἢ παρὰ τὰ ὦτα οἰδήματα μωλυόμενα καὶ οὐδὲν ἀποσημαίνοντα, ἔστι δ᾽ οἷς ἐς ἄρθρα, μάλιστα δὲ κατὰ ἰσχίον, ὀλίγοισι κρισίμως ἀπολείποντα καὶ ταχὺ πάλιν ἐπικρατεύμενα ἐπὶ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἕξιν.
IX. The symptoms from which these patients suffered were dysenteries and tenesmus, lienteries also and fluxes. Some had dropsies also, either with or without these. Whenever any of these attacked violently they were quickly fatal, or, if mild, they did no good. Slight eruptions, which did not match the extent of the diseases and quickly disappeared again, or swellings by the ears that grew smaller and signified nothing, in some cases appearing at the joints, especially the hip-joint, in few instances leaving with signs of crisis, when they quickly re-established themselves in their original state.
X. Ἔθνῃσκον δ᾽ ἐκ πάντων μέν, πλεῖστοι δ᾽ ἐκ τούτων, καὶ τούτων παιδία, ὅσα ἀπὸ γάλακτος ἤδη, καὶ πρεσβύτερα, ὀκταετέα καὶ δεκαετέα, καὶ ὅσα πρὸ ἥβης. ἐγίνετο δὲ τούτοισι ταῦτα οὐκ ἄνευ τῶν πρώτων γεγραμμένων, τὰ δὲ πρῶτα πολλοῖσιν ἄνευ τούτων. μοῦνον δὲ χρηστὸν καὶ μέγιστον τῶν γενομένων σημείων καὶ πλείστους ἐρρύσατο τῶν ἐόντων ἐπὶ τοῖσι μεγίστοισι κινδύνοισιν, οἷσιν ἐπὶ τὸ στραγγουριῶδες ἐτράπετο καὶ ἐς τοῦτο ἀποστάσιες ἐγίνοντο. συνέπιπτε δὲ καὶ τὸ στραγγουριῶδες τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσιν ταύτῃσιν γίνεσθαι μάλιστα. ἐγίνετο δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πολλοῖσιν ὀρθοστάδην καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν νοσημάτων. ταχὺ δὲ καὶ μεγάλη τις ἡ μεταβολὴ τούτοισι πάντων ἐγίνετο. κοιλίαι τε γάρ, καὶ εἰ τύχοιεν ἐφυγραινόμεναι κακοήθεα τρόπον, ταχὺ συνίσταντο, γεύμασίν τε πᾶσιν ἡδέως εἶχον, οἵ τε πυρετοὶ πρηέες μετὰ ταῦτα. χρόνια δὲ καὶ τούτοισι τὰ περὶ τὴν στραγγουρίην καὶ ἐπιπόνως. οὖρα δὲ τούτοισιν ᾔει πολλὰ παχέα καὶ ποικίλα καὶ ἐρυθρά, μειξόπυα μετ᾽ ὀδύνης. περιεγένοντο δὲ πάντες οὗτοι, καὶ οὐδένα τούτων οἶδα ἀπο θανόντα.
X. From all the diseases some died, but the greatest number from these fevers, especially children — those just weaned, older children of eight or ten years, and those approaching puberty. These victims never suffered from the latter symptoms without the first I have described above, but often the first without the latter. The only good sign, the most striking that occurred, which saved very many of those who were in the greatest danger, was when there was a change to strangury, into which abscessions took place. The strangury, too, came mostly to patients of the ages mentioned, though it did happen to many of the others, either without their taking to bed or when they were ill. Rapid and great was the complete change that occurred in their case. For the bowels, even if they were perniciously loose, quickly recovered ; their appetite for everything returned, and hereafter the fever abated. But the strangury, even in these cases, was long and painful. Their urine was copious, thick, varied, red, mixed with pus, and passed with pain. But they all survived, and I know of none of these that died.
XI. Ὅσα διὰ κινδύνων, πεπασμοὺς τῶν ἀπιόντων πάντας πάντοθεν ἐπικαίρους ἢ καλὰς καὶ κρισίμους ἀποστάσιας σκοπεῖσθαι. πεπασμοὶ ταχυτῆτα κρίσιος καὶ ἀσφάλειαν ὑγιείης σημαί νουσιν, ὠμὰ δὲ καὶ ἄπεπτα καὶ ἐς κακὰς ἀποστάσιας τρεπόμενα ἀκρισίας ἢ πόνους ἢ χρόνους ἢ θανάτους ἢ τῶν αὐτῶν ὑποστροφάς. ὅ τι δὲ τούτων ἔσται μάλιστα, σκεπτέον ἐξ ἄλλων. λέγειν τὰ προγενόμενα, γινώσκειν τὰ παρεόντα, προλέγειν τὰ ἐσόμενα· μελετᾶν ταῦτα. ἀσκεῖν περὶ τὰ νοσήματα δύο, ὠφελεῖν ἢ μὴ βλάπτειν. ἡ τέχνη διὰ τριῶν, τὸ νόσημα καὶ ὁ νοσέων καὶ ὁ ἰητρός· ὁ ἰητρὸς ὑπηρέτης τῆς τέχνης· ὑπεναντιοῦσθαι τῷ νοσήματι τὸν νοσέοντα μετὰ τοῦ ἰητροῦ.
XI. In all dangerous cases you should be on the watch for all favourable coctions of the evacuations from all parts, or for fair and critical abscessions. Coctions signify nearness of crisis and sure recovery of health, but crude and unconcocted evacuations, which change into bad abscessions, denote absence of crisis, pain, prolonged illness, death, or a return of the same symptoms. But it is by a consideration of other signs that one must decide which of these results will be most likely. Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future ; practise these acts. As to diseases, make a habit of two things — to help, or at least to do no harm. The art has three factors, the disease, the patient, the physician. The physician is the servant of the art. The patient must co-operate with the physician in combating the disease.
XII. Τὰ περὶ κεφαλὴν καὶ τράχηλον ἀλγήματα καὶ βάρεα μετ᾽ ὀδύνης ἄνευ πυρετῶν καὶ ἐν πυρετοῖσι· φρενιτικοῖσι μὲν σπασμοί, καὶ ἰώδεα ἐπανεμεῦσιν, ἔνιοι ταχυθάνατοι τούτων. ἐν καύσοισι δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πυρετοῖς, οἷσι μὲν τραχήλου πόνος καὶ κροτάφων βάρος καὶ σκοτώδεα περὶ τὰς ὄψιας καὶ ὑποχονδρίου σύντασις οὐ μετ᾽ ὀδύνης γίνεται, τούτοισιν αἱμορραγεῖ διὰ ῥινῶν· οἷσι δὲ βάρεα μὲν ὅλης τῆς κεφαλῆς, καρδιωγμοὶ δὲ καὶ ἀσώδεές εἰσιν, ἐπανεμέουσιν χολώδεα καὶ φλεγματώδεα. τὸ πολὺ δὲ παιδίοισιν ἐν τοῖσι τοιούτοισιν οἱ σπασμοὶ μάλιστα, γυναιξὶ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα καὶ ἀπὸ ὑστερέων πόνοι, πρεσβυτέροισι δὲ καὶ ὅσοις ἤδη τὸ θερμὸν κρατεῖται, παραπληγικὰ ἢ μανικὰ ἢ στερήσιες ὀφθαλμῶν.
XII. Pains about the head and neck, and heaviness combined with pain, occur both without and with fever. Sufferers from phrenitis have convulsions, and eject verdigris-coloured vomit ; some die very quickly. But in ardent and the other fevers, those with pain in the neck, heaviness of the temples, dimness of sight, and painless tension of the hypochondrium, bleed from the nose ; those with a general heaviness of the head, cardialgia, and nausea, vomit afterwards bile and phlegm. Children for the most part in such cases suffer chiefly from the convulsions. Women have both these symptoms and pains in the womb. Older people, and those whose natural heat is failing, have paralysis or raving or blindness.