References in italic refer to illustrations
al-Khwārizmi, Muhammad ibn Mūsā ref1
al-Kindi ref1
al-Rāzi, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya ref1
alarm clocks ref1
Alcmaeon ref1
Alexander the Great ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
algebra ref1
alphabets ref1
amputation ref1
analog computers ref1
anatomical science ref1
Antikythera mechanism ref1, ref2
aphrodisiacs ref1
Archagathus ref1
Archimedes of Syracuse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Archimedes screw ref1, ref2, ref2
Archytas of Tarentum ref1
armour ref1
Assyrians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
astrolabes ref1
atoms ref1
Babylonians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Baghdad Battery ref1
barter ref1
baskets ref1
beds and bedding ref1
betel nuts ref1
bone tools ref1
boomerangs ref1
bows and arrows ref1
brain surgery ref1
Brandt, Hennig ref1
bronze casting ref1
brothels ref1
Byzantines ref1
calendars ref1
catapults ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Chancel, Jean ref1
chess ref1
chewing gum ref1
Chinese ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29
chocolate ref1
chopsticks ref1
Clacton Spear ref1
Cleopatra ref1
clothes ref1
Colgan, John ref1
communication, long-distance ref1
contraception ref1
copper smelting ref1
counting ref1
cowrie shells ref1
Curtis, John B. ref1
cutlery ref1
Dalton, John ref1
da Vinci, Leonardo ref1
debt ref1
dice ref1
dildos ref1
dominoes ref1
doors, self-opening ref1, ref2
draughts (checkers) ref1
Egyptians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25
Empedocles ref1
Epic of Gilgamesh ref1
Eshnunna ref1
Etruscans ref1
eyeglasses ref1
false limbs ref1
false teeth ref1
fermentation ref1
Feynman, Richard ref1
fire brigades ref1
fire engines ref1
fireworks ref1
flint mining ref1
flutes ref1
forks ref1
fountain, stand-alone ref1, ref2
Four Great Inventions ref1
Funnelbeaker culture ref1
Galen ref1
Galileo Galilei ref1
galleys ref1
games ref1
Garden of Eden ref1
Gilbert, William ref1
ginseng ref1
glassmaking ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
glue ref1
Goodyear, Charles ref1
Greek fire ref1
Greeks ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25
Gutenberg, Johannes ref1
gypsies ref1
Hanging Gardens of Babylon ref1
helmets ref1
Hero of Alexandria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Herophilis ref1
hieroglyphs ref1
Hipparchus ref1
Homo sapiens ref1
hot-air balloons ref1
Ibn Sahl ref1
Incas ref1
Inuit ref1
Jain philosophers ref1
Kallinikos ref1
Kepler, Johannes ref1
keys ref1
kohl ref1
la Condamine, Charles Marie de ref1
lapis lazuli ref1
lenses 107–9 levers ref1
Linear A and Linear B scripts ref1
lipstick ref1
locks ref1
looms ref1
lunar and solar eclipses ref1
Luzzi, Mondino de ref1
Lydians ref1
machine guns ref1
magnetism ref1
make-up ref1
Mamelukes ref1
mangonel ref1
mapmaking ref1
matches ref1
Maya Blue (pigment) ref1
Mayans ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Mesopotamians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Minoans ref1
Mohenjo-Daro ref1
movable type ref1
Mughals ref1
music ref1
nanotechnology ref1, ref2, ref3
Neanderthals ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Newcomen, Thomas ref1
Oersted, Hans Christian ref1
oil wells ref1
Palamadis ref1
papermaking ref1
parachutes ref1
paradise ref1
parasols ref1
pearl divers ref1
Persians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
pesticides ref1
phalluses ref1
pharmacopoeia ref1
Pharos of Alexandria ref1, ref2
Phoenicians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
pi ref1
pigeon-post ref1
pipe organs ref1
plastic surgery ref1
Plato ref1
Pliny the Elder ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
poison gas ref1
poisoned arrows ref1
polybolus ref1
Posidonius ref1
postal systems ref1
potter’s wheel ref1
Praxagoras ref1
pregnancy tests ref1
prehistory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23
Priestley, Joseph ref1
prostitution ref1
Proto-Canaanite script ref1
Proto-Sinaitic script ref1
Punic Wars ref1
ramps ref1
refraction ref1
refrigeration ref1
rockets ref1
Romans ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25
ropes ref1
Royal Game of Ur ref1
rubber ref1
Sargon, king of Akkad ref1
Savery, Thomas ref1
Scythians ref1
semaphore ref1
sex and sex aids ref1
shekels ref1
Sibudu Cave, South Africa ref1, ref2
siege engines ref1
silk ref1
Silk Road ref1
skis ref1
slings ref1
smoke signals ref1
socialized medicine ref1
spears ref1
steam engines ref1, ref2, ref3
steam pumps ref1
Su Son ref1
Sumerians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
sunstone ref1
surgery ref1
Syrians ref1
takeaway food delivery ref1
tally sticks ref1
tanks ref1
tarot cards ref1
tattoos ref1
Themistocles ref1
tin mining ref1
toothbrushes ref1
toothpicks ref1
torsion springs ref1
trepanation ref1
tunnels ref1
turpentine ref1
Tutankhamun ref1
Tyrian Purple ref1
umbrellas ref1
underwater breathing equipment ref1
Vikings ref1
Vitruvius ref1
vulcanization ref1
warfare, biological ref1
warfare, earliest ref1
warships ref1
water clocks ref1
watermills ref1
Watt, James ref1
weaponry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
wedges ref1
weights and measures ref1
Wickham, Henry ref1
wigs ref1
zero ref1
Zhang Heng ref1
Zheng He ref1