CONTENTS

Introduction

CHAPTER 1

EVERYDAY LIFE

The Calendar

Plato’s Water Alarm Clock

Beekeeping

The Mechanical Clock

Mesoamerican Chocolate

The Umbrella

A Brief History of the Lavatory

Beds and Bedding

Locks and Keys

The Wig

The Secrets of Distillation

Make-Up

The Fire Brigade

Bone Tools

Cutlery

Refrigeration

Razors

Chewing Gum

A Brief History of Sex and Sex Aids

The Alphabet

Playing Cards

The Garden

Glue

Money

Ancient Matches

Rubber

Mirrors

Silk

Early Games

The First Skiers

CHAPTER 2

MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

The Extraordinary Steam Engine of Hero of Alexandria

The Pharos Of Alexandria

A Very Brief History of Metalwork

Greek Technology

The Spoked Wheel

Prehistoric Inventions

The Hot Air Balloon

The Crane

The Screw

Tunnels and Mines

Oil Wells and Boreholes

Glassmaking

Movable Type

The Four Great Inventions

The Windmill

Underwater Diving

CHAPTER 3

MYSTERIES OF THE ANCIENTS

Ancient Nanotechnology

Damascus Steel

The Lycurgus Cup

Maya Blue

The Baghdad Battery

Unbreakable Glass

Roman Concrete

The Assyrian Nimrud Lens

The Norse Sunstone

The Antikythera Mechanism

CHAPTER 4

MILITARY INVENTIONS

Archimedes’ Heat Ray

The Ancient Machine Gun

A Very Brief History of Early Weaponry

The Crossbow

The Catapult

The Warship

Greek Fire

One That Got Away

Poison Gas

Armour and Tanks

The Parachute

CHAPTER 5

MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE

Surgery

Plastic Surgery

A Very Brief History of Anatomy

Socialized Medicine

False Teeth

Anaesthetics

A Very Brief History of Dentistry

False Limbs

Early Tattoos

CHAPTER 6

SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES

Magnetism

Pigment

Algebra

The Atom

Counting

Zhang’s Seismoscope

Zhang Heng, the Chinese Da Vinci

The Star Chart

Mapmaking

Pesticides

The Rocket

The Camera Obscura

The Number Zero

Refraction and Optical Devices

A Brief History of Long-Distance Communication

Afterword

Picture Credits

Acknowledgements

Index