INDEX

Naga names of individuals are indexed as single names. Names of Naga villages and tribes are identified as such.

A Million Died (Wragg), 24

Adams, Philip (sahib of Mokokchung)

    briefed McKelway on Naga situation, 169

    concern about Konyaks in rescue party, 193–194

    concern for survivor safety, 193

    convinced Mongsen to care for crash survivors, 189–190

    as ICS administrator and anthropologist, 98

    as leader of rescue party, 209

    letter from Pawsey about headhunting, 224

    life after rescue, 226

    magistrate duties in Noklak, 199

    Nagas told to help survivors, 164–165

    perceptions of Nagas, 209–210

    punitive expedition (1943), 157, 158

    as representative of British king, 192–193

    respect shown by Nagas, 192

    responsibility to Naga population, 103

    on semi-independence for Naga Hills, 231

    stopped Nagas fighting over survivors’ trash, 196–197

    unable to enforce authority in Patkoi Hills during war, 219

    visit to Sangbah’s home, 201

Administered Area

    ambiguous rule enforcement, 222–223

    to be extended with consent of population, 222

    benefits of governance in, 210, 221

    bordering Dikhu River Valley, 152

    gaonburas in, 122

    lawlessness from outside, 93–94

    as only area of control, 93

    opposition to slavery, 156–158

Agching village, 157

air support for China decision, 43

Air Transport Command (ATC)

    aircraft accidents, 12–13

    ATC members on Flight 12420, 5, 58

    in crisis at Chabua, 14

    search and rescue capacity in, 206, 215

    Sevareid on Hump pilots, 7

    White on, 11

aircraft types at Chabua, 1

Alexander, Edward, 170, 182, 188, 203

Allies

    bomber crew tortured and beheaded by Japanese, 32

    Chennault’s push for air capability in China, 49

    Chinese Army training by Britain, 7

    forced out of Burma, 26

    Germany as second front, 65

    support of China, 43–44, 47–48, 51, 53–54, 56

aluminum trail, 162

American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, 89

American Society of Airplane-Haters, 13

American Volunteer Group (AVG), 19

Anangba village, 115

Angami Naga tribe, 86–87, 90, 99

Angami territory, first flights over, 78

“Anthropology as a Hobby” (Mills), 101

anti-British nationalists aiding Japanese, 33–34

Ao Naga tribe, 91–92, 94, 153–154

The Ao Nagas (Mills), 99, 102

Arbuthnot, Glenn, 162

Archer, Bill, 98, 99, 103, 226

“Asia for the Asiatics” and Japanese militarism, 31

Assam, 3–4, 85

Assam Rifles

    firepower vs. local knowledge, 120

    as former Gurkha soldiers, 121

    formerly Naga Hills Military Police, 94

    on guard at Chingmei, 139

    protecting India from Japanese, 192

    punishment expedition against Pangsha, 110–113

    Shakespear as commandant, 82

    unavailability for rescue mission, 192

    as USAAF watch station guards, 219

Assam tea, 85

Assam-to-Yunnan air-ferry route (Hump route), 2, 10, 43

ATC. See Air Transport Command

Aung San, 33–34

Aung San Suu Kyi, 34

AVG. See American Volunteer Group

B-25 Mitchells, 1

bail-out advice, 3

Baisden, Chuck, 20

Balbahadur, Subedar, 131

Barker, George, 85–86

bashas (temporary shelter), 5, 181

Bataan Death March, 30–32

Battle of Kohima, 225, 232

Belloc, Hilaire, 121

Bennett, Elizabeth, 228

Bert (slave), 144, 150

Blackie’s Gang, 215–218

Blah, Hari, 156

Blainey, Geoffrey, 93

Blitz, London, Sevareid’s coverage, 61

blood chits, 1–2

Blossom, Bill, 216–217

Boatner, Haydon, 73

Bootland, Alan and Beth, 24–25

boots for return hike, 194, 197–198

Bower, Ursula Graham, 101

Bradley, Mark, 63–65

Brahmaputra River Valley, 4, 43, 83, 142, 211

Bren light machine guns, 218

Britain. See East India Company; Raj

British censorship of Burma situation, 22

British East India Company (EIC), 4, 83–85, 88, 91–92, 98

British Empire, Sevareid on, 208

British imperialism and control of Nagas, 85

British political agent, 176, 180

British surveying expeditions, 90

Brodie, T., 91

Bronson, Miles, 88

Brookes, Stephen, 23–25

Brown, Anthony Cave, 70

Burma

    British rule (1885–1942), 17

    ethnic and tribal frictions, 21

    exodus from, 20–25

    extended Control Area toward, 155–156

    geography of, 16–17

    hill country tribes, 21

    Indian workers in, 21

    Japanese invasion, 17–18

    ongoing civil war, 34

    population exodus after attack, 20–25

    Stowe’s reportage on, 19

    villages raided from Patkoi Hills villages, 220–221

Burma Army, tribespeople recruited, 22

Burma Independence Army, 34

Burma Road, 17–18, 24, 45, 47, 50–51

Burmese people, sided with Japan against colonial British, 21

Bushido, 31

C-46 Commandos, 1–2, 11–14

C-47 Skytrains “Gooney Birds,” 1, 80, 161–162, 168

C-54 Skymasters, 1

C-87 Liberators, 1

camp organization, 178–179, 181

canned water, 183

Carton de Wiart, Adrian, 55

CBI (China-Burma-India) theater, 50

“Celestial Catering Service.” See rescue packs

Chabua USAAF air base (“Dumbastapur”), 1–2, 4, 217

Chakhesang village, 78–79

Chang expedition (1889), 94

Chang Naga tribe, 99, 107, 117–118

Chare village, 113–114, 206, 221

Chasie, Charles, 233

Chennault, Claire Lee, 5, 44, 49, 51–55, 230

Chennault Plan, 53, 73, 230

Chentang village, 119, 122, 144, 149–150

Chiang Kai-shek

    demand for Allied resources, 56

    lobbied for American support against Japan, 43

    objectives and strategies, 46, 48

    promoted Chennault plan, 53–54

    refusal to meet Sevareid, 227

    relationship with Stillwell, 45, 48, 229–230

    Yoke Force, 51, 53

    See also Kuomintang

Chiang-Chennault air offensive plan, 73

Chicago Daily News, Stowe on Burma Road, 19

children, visibility of in villages, 167–168

China

    Allied policy of support, 43

    Chinese intelligence and SACO, 66

    honest with US, 44

    manipulation of American views, 72–73

    Mao’s defeat as goal, 44

    political sense per Davies, 71

    Trident Conference plans for, 55–56

    US airpower in, 49

China National Aviation Corporation aircraft at Chabua, 1

China-Burma-India (CBI) theater, 50

Chinese Air Force, loan of P-43s, 5

Chinese Army, 7, 71–72

Chinglong village, 94–97

Chingmak

    emotional leave-taking with Mills, 152

    fealty sworn to George V, 107, 138

    guide provided to expedition, 127

    as Mills’s friend, 123

    as protector of survivors, 180–181, 193

Chingmei village

    as advanced base camp for punitive expedition, 123

    attack on Law Nawkum, 219

    enforcing Mokokchung’s injunctions, 223

    Matche sought sanctuary in, 107–108

    return after punitive expedition, 138

    stop on return march, 200–201

Chingpoi village, 95

Chins (Burmese hill country tribe), 21, 33

Chirongchi, 116

Chongtore village, 115–117, 205

Christian missionaries, 87–89, 104, 209–210

Chrysanthemum (Eighteenth) Division (Japan), 27–28, 33

Church Parade, 187

Clay, Joseph, 58

Cloud, Stanley, 59, 227

clouds’ effects on planes, 8

Clow, Andrew, 102, 226, 231–232

Cockpit Joe ballad, 4

Coleman, Kenneth, 191

Communism in China, predicted by Sevareid, 226–227

Control Area

    bordering Dikhu River Valley, 152

    destabilizing effect of Pangsha’s actions, 108

    head-hunting in, 222–223

    life without government intervention, 210

    opposition to slavery, 156–158

    Pawsey’s concern, 219–222

    request to include Pangsha, 155–156

Corsica Daily Sun (Texas) on Martin as MIA, 22

Cross, John, 28

crossbows with poisoned arrows, 114–115, 186, 193–195

cultural anthropology, understanding Nagas, 99–100

Curtis-Wright aircraft at Chabua, 1

Dacca Military Police, 95

dacoits (bandits), 24

Dai Li, 6, 66–69, 227–228

Damant, G. H., 82, 90–91

daos (swords), 80, 96–97

Davies, John Paton, Jr. (Jack)

    on bail-out decision, 38–39

    on beauty of country, 207

    as celebrity in survivor group, 206

    in charge of bartering with Nagas, 179

    on Dai Li and Miles, 66–69

    fitness level on march, 203

    as Flight 12420 passenger, 5, 15, 58

    on leaving Pangsha and Ponyo, 195

    on Lee, 6

    life after rescue, 227

    on lunch for survivors at Mokokchung, 211

    met native men after parachute jump, 75–76

    on Miles and SACO, 227–228

    under Naga observation, 183

    on Pangsha treatment of survivors, 194–195

    parachuted from Flight 12420, 74

    in party joining survivors in Wenshoyl, 175–176

    retrieval of rescue loads, 179

    and Stilwell, 43, 71–72, 73

    survivor camp description, 187

Davies Papers, Truman Library, 76

Dayak (Iban) headhunters, Borneo, 83

DeChaine, John Lee, 191, 229

Detachment 101 (OSS), 34, 67–71

A Different Kind of War (Miles), 68

Dikhu River, 113, 152–153

diplomatic tour to Panso village, 143

dissonance between civilized imperatives and native culture, 104

dobashis (interpreters), 111, 132

Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine, 65–69

Donovan, William “Wild Bill,” 71, 228

Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, 32

Dorman-Smith, Reginald, 19–20

downed aircraft, finding, 162–163. See also Blackie’s Gang

Downie, Don, 3

Dumbastapur, origin of name, 5

Dwyer, J. J., 191

East India Company (EIC). See British East India Company

education programs, current, 232

Edward VIII’s abdication, 126, 139, 153–154

Eifler, Carl, 67–68, 70–71

Eighteenth (Chrysanthemum) Division (Japan), 27–28, 33

elephants and tigers, 207

Emlong, 191, 197, 211

Ercolani, Lucien, 30–32

ethnological and anthropological studies, 104. See also individual anthropologists

evangelizing missions. See Christian missionaries

feast given by Nagas at survivor camp, 184–185

Felix, Charles, 2, 175, 178, 187

ferry pilots, 4–5, 12–15

First Anglo-Burmese War, 85

Fisher, Herbert, 12

fitness of crash survivors, 202–203

Flickinger, Don

    camp activities organization, 188

    difficult first day’s march toward Chabua, 198

    as forerunner of volunteer medic parachuters, 217

    gift from Mongsen, 195, 205

    as leader for survival group, 177–178

    life after rescue, 229

    maintaining equilibrium between Nagas and survivors, 179

    medical treatment of villagers, 174, 183

    parachuting in to survivor group, 170–172

    preparations for Japanese attacks, 188

    visit to Sangbah’s home, 201

    as wing surgeon, 170

Flight 12420

    attempted emergency route to Jorhat, 36

    bail-out, 37–42

    crash site, 160

    engine problems, 15, 35–36

    oil pressure gauge problem, 35–36

    passengers, 5–6

    preflight checklists, 1–2, 8

    weight concern, 11

Flying Tigers, 19

Forsdike, Eric, 8

Fort Hertz, Burma, 9

France, Sevareid’s coverage in, 60–62

Fuller, Joseph Bampfylde, 83–85

Fürer-Haimendorf, Christof von

    on crossbows with poisoned arrows, 115

    on danger of solo travel in Naga Hills, 107–108

    donation of heads to Naga sepoys, 154–155

    Emlong photographs with heads, 211

    expedition photographs, 116

    on friendliness of Panso, 146

    life after rescue, 225–226

    on Mills’s approach to Nagas, 101

    on Pangsha emissaries at Chimgmei, 140–141

    on punitive expedition to Pangsha, 110–111

    search for Wenshoyl, 133

    study of Nagas, 98, 103

    study of Noklat, 136

    on views from Helipong, 117–118

    visits to uncontacted villages, 115

Gallagher, O. D., 22, 29–31

gaonbura (village headman appointed by British), 181

gaonbura system of Naga government, 91–92

gasoline air transports to China, 2–3

Gauss, Clarence, 71

Geneva Conventions of 1929, 32

Germany, 60–62

Gerty, Bernard, 156

Gibb, Isabella “Ishbel,” 64

gift exchange in Ponyo, 78–79

Giguere, Joseph “Jiggs,” 58, 74, 179, 203

Gilbert, Henry, 22

Giota, Anthony, 191

Girly (slave), 144, 150

goat sacrifice, 80

Great Awakening, 88

guns, 220, 223. See also Lee-Enfield rifles

Gurkhas

    as Assam Rifles, 121, 226

    Burmese Army recruitment from, 22

    as Gurkha Rifles, 157

    J. Cross as, 28

    kukri (fighting knife), 38

    subdued Chinglong, 97

Ham, Peter van, 99, 105

Hamilton (Captain), 94

Harman, Carter, 217

head-hunting

    in Control Area, 221

    as cultural dissonance problem, 104–106

    heads confiscated at Yimpang, 125

    Inner Line System increases, 105

    as Naga practice, 83–84

    occasionally sanctioned, 223

    Pangsha and Yimpang rampage, 108–109

    prohibition, beneficial effects of, 210

    raids by tribes in nonadministered areas, 93–94

    Raj and missionary opposition to, 89

helicopters for search-and-rescue, 217

heliograph apparatus, 118

Helipong village, 117, 204

Helland, Edward, 58

Heppner, Richard, 67

hill country tribes as pro-British, 21

History of the Areas Bordering on Assam from 1883–1941 (Reid), 82, 84

Hobbes, Thomas, 210

Hobhouse Commission, 98

Holongba village, 115

hostel for distant-living school children, 232–234

Hukawng Valley, Burma, 9

Hull, Cordell, 22

human sacrifice, 108, 109, 142, 149, 210

Hump (Assam-to-Yunnan air-ferry route), 2, 10, 43

Hutton, John Henry “J. H.,” 83, 97–100, 150

Hydari, Akbar, 226

iced wings, 10

ICS. See Indian Civil Service

Imperial Japanese Army. See Japanese military

India. See Shillong, India

Indian Civil Service (ICS), 97–98

Indian workers in Burma, 21

Inner Line System, 105

intelligence concerns, 65–69. See also Office of Strategic Services

Intourist tours to Russia, 64

Japanese military

    attacks and invasion of Burma, 19–22, 29, 33

    fighting ability and commitment of, 27–29

    Japanese Zero fighter planes, 9, 10, 187–188, 218

    Pearl Harbor and Asian attacks, 19, 29

    Porter attacked ground positions, 218

    protection of Burma, 33

    rapes of nurses, 24

    “Regulations for Punishment of Enemy Air Crews,” 32

    ruthlessness and brutality of, 29–31

    as threat to crash survivors, 186, 188

Japan’s Last Bid for Victory (Lyman), 79, 192

jettisoned baggage retrieved, 183–184

John Company. See British East India Company

Johnstone, James, 87, 91

Jones, Craig, 206

Jorhat, Assam

    as air base, 4

    survivors arrive at, 213

Kachin tribe

    as British-led rebels, 33

    as Burmese hill country tribe, 16, 21, 33

    Detachment 101, working with, 67–68, 70

    as pro-British, 34

Kalyo Kengyu Naga tribe, 107–108, 156, 164–166

Kaolikung Range, Burma, 9

Karen tribe, 21, 33, 34

Katzman, George, 162

Kempetai (Japanese military police), 32

kepruo (plane), 78

Kesiezie, Pfelie, 233

khel headmen of Pangsha, 108

khels (village divisions), 132–133

Khonoma village, 78, 86–87, 90, 91

Khruomo, Noumvüo, 78

Kittleson, Glen, 58, 178

Knight, Richard, 162

Kohima Educational Society (KES), 232, 234

Kohima Educational Trust (KET), 232–234

Kohima village, 87, 90–91, 99–100, 225

Konyak Naga tribe, 103, 191–192

The Konyak Nagas (Fürer-Haimendorf), 103

Kramer, Joe, 217

Kukis, as Burmese hill country tribe, 33

kukri (fighting knife), 38, 195

Kunming, China, 5

Kuomintang, 44–45, 56–57, 67, 226–227. See also Chiang Kai-shek

Kuthurr village, 119, 202

Kwoh Li, 74, 198, 203

LaBonte, Andrew “Buddy,” 184, 191, 229

lambu (sacrosanct ambassador), 141

Langnyu River Valley

    defenses built, 128, 130

    men missing from stockade, 133

    Noklak village on, 136

    planned pretend camp after Pangsha-Wenshoyl attack, 131

    protective party at, 181, 186

latitude/longitude of crash site, 163

Lee, Duncan C. “Koch”

    in charge of supply tent, 179

    on Eifler’s SI reports, 70

    encounter with tiger, 212

    fitness level on march, 203

    as Flight 12420 passenger, 5–6, 15, 58

    life after rescue, 227–229

    parachuted from Flight 12420, 74

    proposed meeting with Dai Li, 228

    as Soviet spy in OSS, 6, 62–65, 228–229

    tasked by Donovan re Detachment 101, 69–70

    tasked by Donovan re SACO, 65–69, 67

Lee, Roland, 58, 212

Lee-Enfield rifle, 112, 116, 121, 134–135

Lemmon, Basil, 58, 175, 185

lend-lease material to China, 18, 45, 47, 71–72, 230

Lewis guns, 130, 132

The Lhota Nagas (Mills), 102

LIFE magazine

    on C-46 problems, 11–12

    on ferry pilots, 4–5

Liresu village, 117

Loksan village, 151–152

Longmatrare, Nagaland, 222

Longmisa village, 153–154

Longon, P., 233

Ltu, Khrienuo, 92

Lunt, James, 29

Lushai, as Burmese hill country tribe, 33

Lyman, Robert, 79

M1 carbines for survivors, 177–178

MACR. See missing air crew reports

Maddock, Thomas, 88

Manipur, India

    army to Khonoma siege, 91

    in Treaty of Yandabo, 85

march from Mokokchung to Jorhat airfield, 211–212

Mark I Eyeball, 162

Martin, Neil G., 22

Mason, Gerry, 5

Matche, 107–108, 140

May, Rob and Sylvia, 233–234

McKelway, St. Clair, 169, 171

McKenzie, William, 171–172, 178, 229

McKie, Ronald, 10, 54–55

Merrill, Frank, 73

Merritt, Joe, 191

Miles, Milton “Mary,” 65–69, 227–228

military codes of conduct, ignored by Japanese, 29, 31

Miller, Ned, 3, 36–37, 159

Mills, Geraldine, 100

Mills, James, 231–232

Mills, Pamela, 114

Mills, Philip “J.P.”

    Chang territory visit, 107

    on changes in Naga culture, 105

    as colonial administrator and anthropologist, 97–98, 100–102

    on death by Naga poison, 121

    on Edward VIII’s abdication, 139

    first Pangsha encounter, 129–130

    hope for nonviolent resolution in Pangsha, 112–113

    journey to uncharted areas, 110

    life after rescue, 225

    overtures to neighboring villages to Pangsha, 122–123

    perceptions of Nagas, 209–210

    search for Wenshoyl, 133

    on semi-independence for Naga Hills, 231–232

    study of Noklat, 136

    terms for peace with Pangsha, 140–141

    visits to uncontacted villages, 115

    See also punitive expeditions

missing air crew reports (MACRs), 162

mithan cows, 132, 149, 151, 184

The Modern Traveller (Belloc), 121

Mokokchung village

    anthropological studies in, 99–100

    as British administrative site, 93–94

    march to, 208

    Mills at, 100

    Pangsha expedition launch from, 111–113

    returning Pangsha expedition, 153

Mongoloid races, Nagas as, 82–83

Mongsen

    arrested in 1939, 158

    child treated by Flickinger, 188–189

    as emissary to Chingmei, 140

    first encounter in punitive expedition, 129–130

    gift to Flickinger, 195, 205

    imagined response to KET work, 235

    injured foot treated by Vierya, 141–142

    as khel headman of Pangsha, 108

    perceptions of white men, 189–190

    in Wenshoyl with crash survivors, 174

Mongu, 108, 158

monsoons, 30, 96, 116, 175, 187

morungs (village dormitories), 136, 167

Mount Yakko, 143–144

Mozema village, 86, 90

Murrow, Edward, 59–61

Myanmar. See Burma

Myitkyina, Burma, 10, 16, 50–51

Naga expedition (1879–1880), 85–86

Naga Hills

    British surveying expeditions, 90

    danger of solo travel in, 107–108

    establishing peace, problems with, 85–86

    as Savage Mountains (Chinese), 17

    sought independence from India, 231

Naga Hills Military Police, 95

Naga Labour Corps, 115–116

Naga tribes

    in administered vs. unadministered zones, 105–106

    attempts to convert and civilize, 88–89

    as Burmese hill country tribe, 21

    came to Pangsha to observe crash survivors, 199

    changes near civilization, 207

    continued quest for independent Nagaland, 232

    cultural dissonance problems, 104–106

    dance celebration, 146–147

    different languages among, 111–112

    ethnological and anthropological studies of, 98–103

    exposure to foreigners, 9

    fighting methods, 119–121

    first contact with crash survivors, 164–166

    gaonbura system and British rule, 92

    history and culture, 82

    internecine struggles for local power, 89–90

    Mills’s description, 102–103

    offered tribute for British protection, 90

    playful natures of, 99

    as porters for Pangsha expedition, 111–112

    power by fear, 84, 127, 129, 143, 146, 209–210, 221

    retribution for Raj attacks, 87

    visitors restricted by British, 9

    war, enjoyment of, 84–85

    See also Raj; slavery among Nagas; individual tribes and villages

Nagaland, 232–235

The Naked Nagas (Fürer-Haimendorf), 103

Nakhu, 140

Nanking Massacre, 32

Nazi Germany Means War (Stowe), 19

Neilao, 78

Neveu, Harry

    on bail-out, 39–42

    in charge of guard roster, 179

    collapse on trail, 212

    as Commando pilot, 1

    engine problems, 35–36

    fear of Japanese capture, 30–32

    leg sore on march, 204

    life after rescue, 229

    preflight checklists, 1–2, 8

    responsibility for crash, 160–161

    reunited with Sevareid group, 159

    route from Chabua, 14–15

    weight concern for Flight 12420, 11

Ngully, Phyobemo, 234

Nian village, 158

Nlamo, 111, 133

Nokhu village, 144, 156–157

Noklak village, 125, 127, 136–137, 142, 197–200

Noklu village, 143, 144–145, 148

Nokluk village, 219

Not So Wild a Dream (Sevareid), 227

“Note on the Future of the Hills Tribes of Assam and the Adjoining Hills in as Self-Governing India” (Mills), 231–232

Nye, A. R., 157

Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 6, 34, 62–65, 67–68

Olson, Lynne, 59, 227

Oropeza, Frank, 191

Oswalt, Walter

    bamboo chair for return hike, 194, 199

    in Blackie’s Gang, 216

    as camp radio operator, 179

    died with Porter, 229

    emergency distress signals sent, 37

    helped to village, 167

    leg broken in crash, 161

    preflight checklist, 2

    reunited with Sevareid group, 159

    worsening leg condition, 170

Ozukum, Bendang, 233

P-40 fighter planes, 5

P-43 fighter planes, 5

palisades against Naga attacks, 119, 121

Pangsau Pass, 24

Pangsha village

    as allies of Ponyo, 79–80

    attack on Law Nawkum, 219

    attacking other villages, 108–109

    attempts to get firearms, 178

    at Chingmei, 140

    counterattack at Wenshoyl, 133–134

    feared by other villages, 97

    mocking of military expedition, 119–120

    Noklak khel elders to see crash survivors, 199

    now in Myanmar, 231

    peace terms agreed to, 141–142

    personalities of residents, 188–189

    reported casualties, 135–136

    return to violent behavior, 157, 218–219

    slaves relinquished, 123–124

    treatment of survivors, 194–195

    urge for Control Area to include, 220–221

    See also punitive expeditions

Pangti expedition (1875), 94

panji traps, 96, 120, 127–128, 138, 149, 151

Panso village, 122–123, 143, 145–148, 157

parachutes, 1, 3, 37–39, 162, 163

Passey, Richard, 171–172, 178, 188, 201–203

Patkai Ranges. See Patkoi Hills

Patkoi Hills (now Patkai Ranges)

    Flickinger parachuted into, 171

    on Flight 12420 route, 15–16

    geography of Burma, 16

    head-hunting and raiding in, 220

    Law Nawkum attacked, 219

    Mills’s eagerness to explore, 110, 118

    Mt. Saramati in, 118

    Raj rule in, 97, 129, 153

    as remote to white men, 107

    renamed Patkai Ranges, 232

    route to China over, 9

    search planes over, 168–170

    USAAF watch stations in, 219

    villages on Burmese side attacked, 108

Pawsey, Charles

    in Battle of Kohima, 225–226

    as colonial administrator and anthropologist, 98

    concern for Control Area, 219–222

    on illegal behavior in remote villages, 156–157

    against independence for Naga Hills, 231

    perceptions of Nagas, 209–210

    push to outlaw head-hunting in Control Area, 224

    request for punitive expedition on Ukha denied, 223–224

    unable to enforce authority in Patkoi Hills during war, 219

Pesu village, 157

Phire-ahire village, 114

Phony War, 60–61

Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 125, 145, 151

poisoned arrows, 115. See also crossbows with poisoned arrows

Ponyo village, 76–80, 137–138, 185, 219

Porter, John “Blackie,” 215–216, 218

preflight checklists, 1–2, 8

Price, Mary, 64–65

Probert, Henry, 30

Pukovi, 116

punitive expedition (1936)

    ended at Mokokchung, 154–155

    first battle day, 131–132

    journey home from Tuensang, 151–153

    launch from Mokokchung, 111–113

    march over difficult terrain, 113–114

    military strength of Pangsha vs. British, 119–120

    need for follow-up, 156

    planned procedure, 128–129, 131

    second battle day, 133

    withdrawal to Noklat, 135

punitive expedition (1937), 156

punitive expedition (1939), 157

punitive expedition (1943), 158

racism, 28, 29, 31

RAF (Royal Air Force) aircraft at Chabua, 1

Raj

    administered by ICS, 98, 100

    Chingmak’s loyalty to, 138, 152

    conflict with India government over Nagas, 87

    cultural dissonance problems, 104–106

    enforcement problems with distance, 109, 120

    expansion of control over Naga tribes, 93

    involvement with Naga tribes, 83, 86, 94

    Panso’s loyalty to, 199

    range of authority to Patkoi Hills, 129

    security benefits from allegiance to, 122–123

    show of authority to non–Administered Area villages, 122–123

    See also East India Company

Randle, John, 28–29

Rangoon, Burma, attacks and invasion by Japan, 19–22

Ravenholt, Albert, 205–206

Reader’s Digest article by Sevareid, 211, 213

rebellion by Burmese tribes against Japanese, 33

red as social status color, 122

“Regulations for Punishment of Enemy Air Crews” (Japan), 32

Reid, Robert Neil, 82, 84, 93, 155–157

religion. See Christian missionaries

The Rengma Nagas (Mills), 102

rescue packs

    boots for return hike, 194, 197–198

    caused cattle stampede in Helipong, 204–205

    instructions about natives, 163–164, 168–169, 176, 180

    M1 carbines in, 177–178

    salt for Pangshas, 194

    survivors’ trash of value to Nagas, 182, 195–196

    unusual contents, 182–183

rescue party arrival, 190–191

return to civilization, 212–213

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 230

Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft at Chabua, 1

rule of law, 210

sahib of Mokokchung. See Adams, Philip

salt as most eminent gift, 142, 184, 193–194

Salween River, Burma, 9

Samagudting (now Chumukedima) village, 90

Sampure, Nagaland, 222

Sangbah, 107, 180–181, 186, 193, 201, 211

Sanglao village, 156–157

Sangpurr village, 121–123, 144, 148–149

Sangsomo village, 115

Sangtam Naga tribe, 221

Santing, 108, 140

Saul, Jamie, 99, 105

Schrandt, William, 58, 213

Schroth, Raymond, 57, 227

search-and-rescue mechanisms developed, 215–217

Sema (Sumi) Naga tribe, 99

Sevareid, Eric

    on Adams as sahib of Mokokchung, 190–191

    on ambush possibility between Chingmei and Kuthurr, 199–200, 202

    on bail-out, 39, 40–42

    on British Empire and Nagas, 208

    as camp diarist and chaplain, 179

    as celebrity in survivor group, 206

    on Chingmak, 181

    with cold, 212

    coverage of Blitz, 61–62

    on Davies, 6

    doubts about C-46, 12–13

    on Dumbastapur, 7

    early days as journalist, 58–60

    on feast from Nagas, 184–185

    on ferry pilots, 7–8

    first contact with Nagas, 164–166

    first report to outside world, 205–206

    on fitness of crash survivors, 202–203

    on Flickinger’s parachute arrival, 172–173

    as Flight 12420 passenger, 5, 15, 58

    on graft and corruption in Yunnan, 226–227

    group reunited with Stanton group, 167

    ill-fitting boots, 198–199

    life after rescue, 226–227

    on London’s courage, 62

    loss of spear, 206–207

    messenger from Davies group, 166

    misperception of Adams, 209–210

    on Mongson’s gift to Flickinger, 195

    on Nagas fighting over survivors’ trash, 197

    Not So Wild a Dream, 227

    note to men at Ponyo, 81

    observations during flight, 35

    observations on Panso, 199–200

    as one of “Murrow’s boys,” 59–60

    on Pangsha personalities, 188–189

    Reader’s Digest article, 211, 213

    on return flight from Jorhat, 213–214

    on return to civilization, 212–213

    on scenery between Noklak and Chingmei, 200

    sent by Roosevelt for objective viewpoint, 44, 56–57

    summary of experiences, 212

    sunstroke on fourth day’s march, 204

    survivor camp description, 187

    thoughts after plane crash, 159

    USAAF schedule, 13

    visit to Sangbah’s home, 201

Shakespear, Leslie, 82–83, 87, 91, 239

Shans (Burmese hill country tribe), 21, 33

shelters built for survivors, 177

Sherrill, Lloyd, 58

Shillong, India

    action needed re Control Area, 157, 224

    extended Control Area, 155–156

    Fürer-Haimendorf permission to accompany expedition, 110

    inability to control intertribe warfare, 219

    letter re Pangsha raids, 108

    Pawsey promotion of punitive expedition, 156, 223–224

    Pawsey’s concern for Control Area, 220–221

    punitive expedition (1936), 109–111

    silent to requests from Pawsey and Adams, 224–225

    as site of Assam government, 109

Shingbwiyang village, 24

Shouba, 192

Sibsagar, 91

sieges, 91

Signer, Francis, 58, 159

Sikorsky R-4, 217

Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO) agreement, 65–66, 68, 227–228

slavery among Nagas

    Christian missionaries against, 104–105

    continued punishment for, 156–158

    final Pangsha slave returned, 149

    freed slaves, observations of, 149–151

    for human sacrifice, 108, 109, 142, 149

    Pangsha and Yimpang rampage, 108

    peace terms agreed to, 141–142

    punitive expedition (1937), 156–157

    slaves taken at Pangsha, 144

    See also punitive expedition (1936)

Slavery Convention (1926), 109–110

Slim, Bill, 26

Smith, Cyrus, 13

Smith, G. W. J., 111, 114–115, 133

Soong, T. V., 43, 44, 47

Stanton, Bill, 5, 40

Stanton, William “Bill,” 15, 58, 167, 179, 203

The Statesman

    as authentication from Mills to Nagas, 144

    on crash survivors, 188

    on Edward VIII’s abdication, 153

Stilwell, Joe “Vinegar Joe”

    on Allied defeat in Burma, 26

    on C-46 problems, 11

    CBI theater created, 50

    on Chiang’s ingratitude and demands, 56

    China experiences, 44–46, 48

    China position, vindication of, 230

    conflicts with Chiang, 46–49

    on Dai Li and Miles, 228

    Davies as adviser, 43

    as Flight 12420 passenger, 5

    lack of support for views, 43–44

    life after rescue, 229–230

    as Marshall’s representative to Chiang, 45

    points made at Trident Conference, 54

    policy disagreements with Chennault, 49, 52–55

    problems and goals for rebuilding Chinese army, 47–50

    in Washington to give viewpoint, 73

Stowe, Leland, 18–19

Straightway Mission School, 233

survivors’ trash, conflict over, 195–196

Swinson, Arthur, 225–226

sword grass, 204

Tanaka, Shinichi, 27–28, 33

Tangbang

    as crossbow expert, 186, 193

    helped separate Nagas fighting over survivors’ trash, 197

    home visit by crash survivors, 201–202

    as protector of survivors, 180–181

    and returning expedition, 138, 143

telephones in Naga Hills, 169

Tenth Air Force, Kunming, 5

Thibaw Min, 17

Thirty-Fourth Native Infantry, 91

tigers and elephants, 207

Tobu village, 224

Treaty of Yandabo (1826), 85

Trident Conference, Tehran, 54, 55

Tsawlaw village, 140, 141, 219

Tuensang district, 107

Tuensang village, 150–151

Tyson, Geoffrey, 25

Ukha village, 157, 223–224

umbrellas on march, 206

unadministered area, 210

USAAF (US Army Air Forces), 13, 162, 203, 210–211, 217, 219

US Joint Chiefs of Staff on China, 230

US Navy Department intelligence in Asia, 66–68

US support of China, 45

Vassiliev, Alexander, 229

Verona Project, 229

Vierya, Dr., 111

“vomit trail,” 35

Wakching village, 103

Walmsley, Peyton, 1, 2

Wang Pae Chae, 15, 58, 167, 198

Wang-do, 202

war drills for Naga porters, 124

warning note with rescue pack, 169

Waterbury, Stanley, 15, 58, 194

Wavell, Archibald, 51–52

Wenshoyl (Pangsha khel), 131, 133–134, 167–168, 176–177, 181–182

White, Theodore, 4–5, 7–8, 11–12, 217

Wild, Hugh, 162, 170, 229

Wild Bill Donovan (Brown), 70

Wilder, Evan, 58, 74, 80

Williams, W. R. B. “Bill,” 112, 121, 133, 139, 226

women, visibility of in villages, 167–168

Woodbridge, Stanley, 32

Wragg, Alfred, 21, 24

Yachummi expedition (1910), 94

Yimpang village, 108, 124–125

Yimsungr Naga tribe, 117, 118–119, 122

Yoke Force, 51, 53

Young, Hugh, 234–235

Yukso village, 144–145

Yungkao village, 157

Yungya village, 158

Yunnan offensive, 51

Yunnanese plateau, China, 10

zu, 113, 141–142, 153, 201–202, 209