Index

• abstract political theory 168
• act-utilitarianism 144
• aggressive wars, and just-war theory 26–30, 30–2, 117
• Algeria 111, 133, 151–2, 172
  • pied noir 151–3
• analytic liberalism 133, 163, 168
• analytical philosophy 6–7, 16, 143, 156, 166
  • and just-war theory 37, 39, 56
  • and SELF 60
• analytical political theory 169
• Animal Farm (Orwell) 150
• appeasement, and just-war theory 29
• Aquinas, Thomas 20, 41
• Augustine 41
• Australia 106, 109

• Basic Books 11
• Beauvoir, Simone de 12, 150–1
• Beer, Samuel 10, 60, 130–1
  • British Politics in the Collectivst Age 131
• Beitz, Charles 27, 33–5, 123
• Belgium 172
• Benda, Julien 149
• Berlin, Isaiah 159, 162–3
• Berlin Wall 93
• biblical writings
  • exodus story 134–7
  • and the Jewish political tradition 140–1
  • social criticism in 143, 149–50
• border restrictions 101, 102–8, 170–1
• Brandeis University 9–10
• Brazil 102
• Breytenbach, Breyten 148, 150
• Britain
  • Brexit vote 106
  • Labour Party 10, 80, 106, 169
  • Orwell and left politics 150–1
  • wartime bombing of German cities 21, 39, 45–6, 48–9
• British Politics in the Collectivist Age see Beer, Samuel
• Buber, Martin 150

• Calvinism 129–30
• Cambodia 24
• Camus, Albert 12, 49, 142, 148, 151–2
• capitalism 11, 92–3
  • anti-capitalism 79
  • and civil society 94
  • and complex equality 80–1
  • and interpretation 147
  • and Puritanism 129
  • and workplace democracy 89
• Castro, Fidel 86
• children, and just-war theory 38, 50
• China 29, 127
  • and the Vietnam War 20
• Christian just-war theory 18, 20–1, 39
• Churchill, Winston 45
• citizenship
  • democratic 82
  • and the Jewish diaspora 138
  • migrants 107–8
• civil disobedience 89
• civil society 13, 115, 165, 170
  • and complex equality 93–4, 96–7
  • global 115, 121
  • and Jewish political thought 139
  • and just-war theory 33, 55–6
  • and multiculturalism 112–13
• civil war 19, 30–1, 35
• civilians in wartime
  • non-combatant immunity and double effect 14, 38–42
  • terror and threats to 48–51
• Cohen, Joshua 146
• Cohen, Mitchell 13, 154
• Cold War 87
  • and Eastern European refugees 105
  • liberalism 81–3, 147
  • and the Vietnam War 19–20
• collective action, and complex equality 84
• collective decision-making, and just-war theory 56–7
• collective self-determination see self-determination
• colonialism
  • decolonization and terrorism 50–1
  • social criticism of 151–3
  • and the Vietnam War 19
• Commentary magazine 63
• commodities, distribution of 68–9
• communal self-governance 7–8
• communism
  • American Communist Party 10
  • anti-communism 79, 83
  • and civil society 93
  • and complex equality 80, 82
  • and Dissent magazine 4
  • and the Vietnam War 19–20
  • Walzer’s anti-communism 29
• ”The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism” (Walzer 1990b) 3. 75, 83, 94, 112, 155, 184
• communitarianism 15, 46, 75–6, 94–6 communities
  • and border restrictions 101, 102–8, 170–1
  • and complex equality 68, 85, 94–6, 98
  • and covering-law universalism 155
  • and freedom of association 96
  • and global justice 124–6
  • and interpretation 146
  • Israel/Palestine 172
  • and the Jewish political tradition 140–1
  • and just-war theory 28, 34–7, 46–8, 55–6, 101
  • and philosophical invention 145
  • and political theory 8
  • and reiterative universalism 159–60
  • separation between 101–2
  • and social democracy 3, 9, 32
• The Company of Critics (Walzer) 11–2, 143–5, 149–53
• complex equality 2, 9, 12, 15, 165, 170
  • and civil society 93–4
  • and communities 68, 85, 94–6, 98
  • community and identity 113
  • and Dissent magazine 76, 79, 82–8, 99
  • and distributive justice 58–78, 79
  • and diversity 58, 99–100
  • and inequality 98–100
  • and interpretivism 146
  • and just-war theory 59–60, 160–1
  • meaning-dependence thesis 15, 58–9, 64–5, 66–9, 74–5, 79, 88, 99
  • and multiculturalism 109
  • and social criticism 162
  • and social democracy 58, 75–6, 78, 81, 83, 88–93
  • and the social democratic critique of liberalism 79–100
  • social-meaning thesis 15, 59, 64–5, 69–75, 76–8, 79, 81, 97, 99
  • Walzer’s contribution to 75–8
  • and Walzer’s defense of Israel 171
  • Walzer’s political vision of 80–2
  • and workplace democracy 76, 77, 89–93
  • see also Spheres of Justice (Walzer)
• connected criticism 148
• conscription 11
• consociations 172
• corporate power, and industrial democracy 89–92
• Coser, Lewis 4, 10, 76, 87, 98, 135, 165, 170, 173
  • Greedy Institutions 114
• cosmopolitanism 15, 115–27
  • global distributive justice 123–6
  • and just-war theory 34, 53, 115, 116
  • and reiterative universalism 160
  • rooted 154
• counter-intervention, and just-war theory 30–1
• covering-law universalism 154–5, 156, 157
• critical conventionalism 16, 142–3, 160–1, 162, 166, 169
• Cuba 127
• cultural change, and symbolic systems 131–2
• cultural diversity see diversity
• cultural particularism 75
• cultural pluralism see pluralism

• DDE (doctrine of double effect) 14, 38, 40–2, 166
• decision-making
  • and complex equality 76, 82, 97–8
  • and realist political theory 167
• defensive wars 27
• deliberative democracy 97
• democracy
  • and analytical philosophy 6–7
  • and ancient Israel 140–1
  • and collective self-governance 158
  • and complex equality 81–2, 84
  • in Dissent magazine 4
  • and interpretation 147
  • participatory 86
  • and philosophical invention 145
  • and social criticism 150
  • strong democracy 92
  • and Walzer’s political theory 167–8
  • workplace democracy 76–7, 89–93
  • see also social democracy
• Democracy’s Discontent (Sandel) 113
• democratic idealism 6, 158
  • and just-war theory 37
• democratic wager 100
• Den Hartogh, Govert 164
• deontological ethics, and just-war theory 21, 39, 44
• dirty-hands dilemmas 43–5
  • and supreme emergencies (SEs) 21, 38–9, 44–8
• discipline, in the study of Puritanism 129–30
• ”Dissatisfaction in the Welfare State” (Walzer) 84
• Dissent magazine 11, 13, 15, 82–8, 95, 131
  • and American social democracy 4, 5, 9, 11, 82–8
  • on British politics 10
  • and complex equality 76, 79, 82, 82–8, 99
  • and cosmopolitanism 121–2, 127
  • and interpretation 147
  • and just-war theory 24, 29
  • and Labour Party 10, 80, 169
  • and neoconservatism 62–3
  • and public-intellectual work 173
  • religion and politics in 128
  • and social criticism 142, 150
  • and socialism 98, 127
  • and Walzer’s pluralism 114
  • and Walzer’s political theory 165, 169–70
  • and Zionism 31
• distributive justice 2, 13, 15, 16, 163
  • and complex equality 58–78, 79
  • global 15, 116, 123–6
  • and the immigration debate 102–3
  • in Nozick 15, 61–3
  • in Rawls 1–2, 10, 15, 58–9, 61–2, 63, 65, 75, 77–8, 123, 145
  • and realist political theory 169
  • and reiterative universalism 157
  • and social meanings 162
  • see also complex equality
• diversity 13, 15, 58, 99, 101–14
  • accommodation of cultural minorities 102
  • border restrictions and “communities of character” 101, 102–8
  • community and identity 113–14
  • and the Jewish political tradition 138
  • multiculturalism and the politics of difference 108–13
  • of talents 99–100
• doctrine of double effect (DDE) 14, 38, 40–2, 166
• dominance 8
  • and complex equality 67–8
  • see also power
• Dworkin, Ronald 2–3, 8, 61, 62, 71–2, 146, 153, 159–60, 162

• Eastern European refugees 105
• Eban, Abba 31
• egalitarianism see complex equality; equality/egalitarianism
• Egypt, Six-Day War with Israel (1967) 31–2
• emigration rights 105
• Enlightenment 6
• equality/egalitarianism 3, 9, 12, 61–2, 63, 162
  • at the global level 15
  • and border controls 106–8
  • and cosmopolitanism 116
  • and diversity 99
  • equality of capacity 100
  • equality of opportunity 71, 81
  • and global justice 125
  • and liberalism 61, 88
  • and pluralism 4, 160
  • and reiterative universalism 160
  • and social democracy 151
  • see also complex equality
• ethnic cleansing 33, 35, 38
• EU (European Union) 106
• European wars of religion, and just-war theory 20
• ”Exclusion, Injustice, and the Democratic State” (Walzer) 99–100
• exit rights 105
• exodus politics 134–7
• Exodus and Revolution (Walzer) 12, 128, 134–7, 151

• families, and freedom of association 96
• famine 119, 120, 122
• Fanon, Frantz 50
• feudalism 93
• Finland, Soviet invasion of 29–30
• A Foreign Policy for the Left (Walzer) 13, 122–3
• Foucault, Michel 12–13, 84–5, 149–50
• “Four Mobilities “ 95
• France
  • colonialism in Algeria 151–2
  • minority groups 110, 171
  • and the Vietnam War 19
• Frankfurt School 9
• freedom 162
  • of association 96–7
  • cultural distinctiveness and freedom of movement 104–5
  • and equality 88, 99
  • and humanitarian intervention 35
• French Revolution 11, 132
  • Jacobins 44, 129

• Gandhi, M. 26
• Geertz, Clifford 7, 12, 64, 159
  • Interpretation of Cultures 12
  • Influence on social-meaning thesis 69–71, 156 and symbolism 131
• genocide 29, 33, 119
• Germany see Nazi Germany
• global distributive justice 15, 116, 123–6
  • ”metric objection” to 125
• global governance 116, 119–23
• global justice 116, 162
• globalization 115
  • and cultural diversity 102
  • and distributive justice 124
• ”Governing the Globe” (Walzer) 120
• Gramsci, Antonio 143, 148–50
• Greedy Institutions (Coser) 114
• guest-worker programs 91, 107–8

• Hampshire, Stuart 10–1
• Harrington, Michael 87, 173
• Hartogh, Govert den 72
• Hartz, Louis 164
• Harvard University 10
• healthcare
  • and complex equality 58, 69, 72–5, 77
  • in the USA 165
• hegemony theory 149
• Hirschman, Albert 92–3
• Hobbes, Thomas 130, 145
• Holocaust 29, 43, 45–6
• Homage to Catalonia (Orwell) 150
• Howe, Irving 4, 10, 11, 13, 63, 76, 77, 83–4, 87, 95, 98, 122, 135, 147, 154, 165, 173
  • and Orwell 150–1
  • and Walzer’s political theory 169–70
• human capabilities, Nussbaum on health and 73–5
• human nature, and reiterative universalism 159–60
• human rights 162
  • and cosmopolitanism 115–6, 118, 122–3
  • and global governance 116, 119–23
  • and global justice 124
  • and just-war theory 18, 26–7, 33–4, 37, 42, 46, 54, 117, 154
  • and liberalism 162
  • and reiterative universalism 156–7
• humanism 154
• humanitarian costs of war 24–5
• humanitarian intervention 14, 18, 32–7
  • aid for disaster victims 125–6
  • and cosmopolitanism 115, 118, 119–20
  • and reiterative universalism 158
  • and social criticism 162

• identity formation, and just-war theory 35–6
• ideological critique 143
• ”Images of Socialism” (Coser and Howe) 88
• imagined communities 103
• immanent critique 8
• immigrant societies 109–10, 111, 112
• immigration controls 101, 102–8
• ”In Defense of Equality” (Walzer) 12, 69
• ”In Defense of Humanitarian Intervention” (Walzer) 33
• In God’s Shadow (Walzer) 140
• India 111, 133, 172
• indigenous people 108
• individual rights, and just-war theory 18, 26–7, 28, 36, 47, 56, 118
• individualism
  • and complex equality 83
  • and just-war theory 52
• industrial action 89
• industrial democracy see workplace democracy
• inequality
  • and complex equality 98–100
  • and global justice 116
  • and reiterative universalism 148
• Inglourious Basterds (Tarantino) 52
• interdisciplinary approach 16
• International Criminal Court 53–4, 122
• international ethics see cosmopolitanism
• International Monetary Fund 115, 122
• Interpretation and Social Criticism (Walzer) 12, 141, 143, 149–50, 155
  • on philosophical invention 144–5, 166
• interpretivism 2, 12–13, 14, 16, 142–63, 166–7
  • and just-war theory 25
  • and paths of moral philosphy 143–9
  • and religious symbols 133–4
  • and social criticism 2, 16, 148–63, 162
• intertexuality, and Jewish political thought 139–40
• inventive philosophy 144–7, 155, 166
• IRA (Irish Republican Army) 49
• Iraq war (2003) 31, 118
• Israel 111, 129, 151, 171–2
  • anti-Israeli sentiment and the Left 126–7
  • Arab citizens 171
  • counter-terrorist operations 139
  • and the Jewish political tradition 138, 140–1
  • and left politics 171–2
  • occupation of Palestinian territories 12, 50, 152
  • and Palestinian liberation movements 50, 126–7, 132–3
  • and reiterative universalism 160
  • Six-Day War (1967) 31–2
  • Walzer’s defense of 12, 166, 171
  • and Walzer’s Exodus and Revolution 12, 132, 134–7

• Japan 45
• Jerusalem
  • Hartman Institute, Annual Philosophy Conference 11, 138
  • Hebrew University of 11
• Jewish people and the Holocaust 29, 43, 45–6
• Jewish political theory 2, 12, 13, 15, 98, 128, 137–41, 151
  • and the secular political tradition 137–8
• The Jewish Political Tradition (collaborative project) 13, 138, 140
• The Just Assassins (Camus) 151
• Just and Unjust Wars (Walzer) 3, 10, 11, 13, 25, 37, 43, 75, 130, 165
  • ”A Defense of Just-War Theory” (postscript to fifth edition) 55
  • and humanitarian intervention 33, 35
  • and the Jewish theory of war 139
  • justice after war in 117–18
  • and pacificism 26
  • and social criticism 142
  • and Spheres of Justice 4, 8, 58, 60, 160
  • and terrorism 49
  • and the Vietnam War 18
• just-war theory 2, 3, 7–8, 11, 13, 14–15, 17–57, 101
  • and agression 26–30
  • casuistic method in 18
  • civil wars 30–1
  • and complex equality 59, 60, 160–1
  • and cosmopolitanism 34, 53, 115, 116
  • and critical conventionalism 143
  • defense of 20–6
  • doctrine of double effect (DDE) 14, 38, 40–2, 166
  • and the Jewish theory of war 139
  • jus ad bellum (the justice of resorting to war) 14, 17–37, 20, 39, 50
  • jus ad vim (just use of force short of full-scale war) 32
  • jus in bello (justified conduct in war) 14, 17, 20, 37, 38–57
  • jus post bellum (justice after war) 15, 116, 117–19
  • the moral equality of soldiers 2, 51–7, 162
  • the moral world of war 16
  • non-combatant immunity 14, 38, 39–42, 51–3
  • and pacifism 18, 25–6, 41
  • realist view of 18, 21–5, 29, 41, 42, 56
  • and social criticism 142
  • soldiers committing in bello atrocities 117
  • the “supreme emergency” exception 21, 38–9, 44–8, 49, 50–1, 166
  • and universalism 154, 158
  • the war convention 18, 23–4, 26, 32, 36–7, 37, 38, 51–2, 161, 162
  • see also civilians in wartime; humanitarian intervention; morality; terrorism; Vietnam War
• ”Justice Here and Now” (Walzer) 81
• justice, theory of 6–7, 58–9, 170
  • and critical conventionalism 143
  • and diversity 102
  • and pluralism 4–5
  • see also complex equality; distributive justice; Spheres of Justice (Walzer)

• Kant, Immanuel 61
• Kazin, Michael 86
• Kessler, Martin 11
• Khmer Rouge 24
• King, Martin Luther 5
• Kosovo 38
• Kristol, Irving 63, 65
• Kymlicka, Will 62, 108–9, 111

• land ownership, and democratic politics 91
• Laslett, Peter 60
• Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism (Walzer) 139
• left politics
  • and closed borders 171
  • and complex equality 98–9
  • and cosmopolitanism 120–1, 122–3
  • and Israel 171–2
  • and the Jewish political tradition 137–8, 140
  • and just-war theory 118
  • and moral systems 154
  • and national liberation 135
  • and Orwell 150–1
  • and pluralism 126–7
  • and religion 128, 132–3, 136
  • and Walzer’s political theory 170
  • see also New Left movement politics
• legalist paradigm, and just-war theory 34, 117
• Leninist politics 76, 135, 168, 170
• liability, and the moral equality of soldiers 54
• liberal capitalism, and complex equality 81
• liberal communitarianism 96
• liberal democracy
• and civil society 93
• and just-war theory 36–7, 162
• and multicultural accommodation 111–2
• liberal idealism 97
• liberal individualism 3
• liberalism 4, 5, 8, 9, 15
  • and civil society 94
  • communitarian critique of 94, 155
  • and complex equality 81, 82, 83–4, 87, 88
  • and corporate power 92
  • and cosmopolitanism 121
  • and the Four Mobilities 95
  • and interpretation 147
  • and political guarantees 156
  • Rawls on equality and 61
  • Rawlsian liberals 116
  • and social criticism 162–3
  • and social democracy 15–6, 162, 165, 169–70
  • and universalism 155, 158
• ”Liberalism and the Art of Separation” (Walzer) 88–9
• Libya 38, 119
• limited government 88–9
• Locke, John 27, 61, 145, 167
• longevity, healthcare and complex equality 72–4
• Louis XVI, king of France 44, 132
• Luban, David 34

• McCarthy, Joseph 82
• MacIntyre, Alasdair 75, 113
• McMahan, Jeff, on Walzer’s just-war theory 52–5, 162
• Marcuse, Herbert 9–10, 12, 149–50
• marginality 148
• markets
  • and civil society 93
  • market imperialism and complex equality 68
• marriage, and freedom of association 96
• Marx, Karl 61, 148
• Marxism 3, 8
  • and complex equality 81–3
  • social-democratic critique of 135
  • and Walzer’s “ideological critique” 143
• Mayer, Robert 92
• meaning-dependence thesis 15, 58–9, 64–5, 66–9, 74–5, 79, 88, 99, 169
• medieval Europe
  • just-war theory 17
  • and political action 130
  • salvation and healthcare 73–4
• Melian Dialogue, and just-war theory 21–3
• messianic politics 134–5
• Middle Ages see medieval Europe
• Middle East politics 171–3
  • see also Israel
• migration ethics, border restrictions and “communities of character” 101, 102–8
• military ethics see just-war theory
• military reform 7–8
• Mill, John Stuart 35, 144
• minority group accommodation 108–13
• money, and complex equality 69
• moral equality of soldiers 2, 51–7, 162
• moral obligation 11
• moral particularism 155
• moral philosophy, three paths in 143–9
• ”The Moral Standing of States” (Walzer 1980a) 2, 28, 35, 118
• morality
  • and just-war theory 2, 20–1, 23–4, 25, 44, 47, 49
    • the moral equality of soldiers 2, 51–7
  • universal (thin) and particular (thick) 13, 122, 142, 153–61
  • see also universal morality
• Morgenthau, Hans 24
• movement politics 86–8
• multiculturalism 2, 15, 102, 108–13, 162, 165, 171

• Nagel, Thomas 61, 159
  • The View from Nowhere 144
• Napoleon, French emperor 56
• nation-states 101, 103, 106
  • federations of 121
  • and Israel/Palestine 172
  • and multicultural accommodation 110–11, 171
• national liberation movements 111, 129
  • and religious symbols 128, 132–7
• national minorities 108, 110
• national security, and just-war theory 23, 24
• national self-determination 14, 50, 171
• national sovereignty, and just-war theory 14, 20
• nationalism 11, 102, 127
  • Israeli 172
  • and social meanings 160
  • and the Vietnam War 19
• natural boundaries, and Walzer’s theory of aggression 27
• Nazi Germany, and just-war theory 21–2, 26, 29, 39, 44–6, 48, 52
• neighbourhoods and states 104
• neoconservatives, and complex equality 62–3, 65, 85, 100
• neoliberalism 126
• New Left movement politics 12
  • and Dissent magazine 86–8
  • see also left politics
• new realism 7
• New Republic magazine 5
• New Right movement politics 12
• New York Review 13
• Nicaragua 34, 36
• Nozick, Robert 2–3, 10–1, 60–1, 145, 167
  • and complex equality 63–4, 65, 69, 75, 99
  • theory of distributive justice 15, 61–2, 63
  • Wilt Chamberlain example 62
• nuclear weapons 45
• Nussbaum, Martha 73–5

• ”Objectivity and Social Meaning” (Walzer) 155, 158–9
• Obligations (Walzer) 11, 40
• Okin, Susan 61, 166,
• Orwell, George 12, 142, 148, 150–1, 152
• Ottoman Empire, millet system 111–12, 171–2

• pacifism
  • and just-war theory 18, 25–6, 41
  • and the Vietnam War 19
• Palestinian liberation movement 50, 126–7, 132–3, 136–7
• Palestinian territories, Israeli occupation of 12, 50, 152
• The Paradox of Liberation (Walzer) 133
• participatory democracy 86–7
• particularism 5, 7, 13
  • and complex equality 75, 79
  • moral 155
  • and philosophical invention 145
  • and political theory 168
  • and reiterative universalism 157, 159
  • and social criticism 150
• Partisan Review 82, 165
• ”Philosophy and Democracy” (Walzer 1981) 30, 65, 145, 167, 168
• Plato 1
• pluralism 4–5, 9, 75, 163, 166
  • and border controls 106–8
  • and complex equality 59, 69, 75–6, 80, 84, 88, 98–9
  • and cosmopolitanism 116, 120, 121–3
  • and global justice 126
  • and just-war theory 30, 31, 33, 36–7, 119
  • and the Left 126–7
  • and multicultural accommodation 108, 109–10, 112, 113–14
  • and political theory 162–3, 169
  • and reiterative universalism 155, 157, 158, 160
  • and social democracy 151
  • value pluralism and moral systems 154
• police, and just-war theory 27
• Political Action (Walzer) 13, 43, 87, 97, 151
• “Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands” (Walzer 1973b) 43–5, 151
• political code, and terrorism 49–50
• political communities, border restrictions in 102–3
• political pluralism 84
• political power, and complex equality 68
• political rights, and migrant labour 107
• political sovereignty, and just-war theory 27, 31, 33, 117
• political theory 3, 5–9, 161–3, 164–74
• politicians, dirty-hand dilemma 32–5
• Port Huron Statement 86
• post-Marxism 3
• post-modernism 3, 174
• poverty, and global justice 126
• power 8
  • and complex equality 68, 76, 82
  • and just-war theory 22–3
  • and reiterative universalism 156
  • state power and social democracy 89
  • in the workplace 90–2
• pre-emption, and just-war theory 31–2
• prescriptive realism, and just-war theory 24–5, 26
• preventive war 31
• primary goods, Rawls on 65–6, 71, 73
• Princeton University 10–11
• prisoners of war 11, 40, 56
• property rights, and workplace democracy 91–2
• public-intellectual writing 5–6, 9, 16, 93, 173–4
• Pullman, George 91
• Puritans 60, 128, 129–32

• racist communities 106
• radical particularism 59
• Radical Principles (Walzer) 11–12, 81, 91
• Rawls, John 2–3, 84, 96, 162
  • and analytical philosophy 6
  • justice as fairness 15, 58–9, 61–2, 63, 65, 75, 77–8, 123, 145
  • on primary goods 65–6, 71, 73
  • A Theory of Justice 1–2, 10, 61–2
  • and Walzer’s political theory 165–8
• Reagan, Ronald 62, 77, 88
• realism
  • and just-war theory 18, 21–5, 29, 41, 42, 56
  • new realism 7
  • and political theory 167–9
• reciprocity
  • and deliberative democracy 97
  • and global distributive justice 123
• refugees 102, 105–6
• Regicide and Revolution (Walzer) 44
• reiterative universalism 148, 155–60
• relativism, and just-war theory 23
• religion 15–16, 128–41
  • and leftist movements 128
  • and the path of discovery 144
  • see also Jewish political theory
• religious symbolism
  • and national liberation 132–7
  • and Puritanism 128, 129–32
• resistance, and the civil-rights movement 86
• revisionist just-war theorists 39, 52–5, 115
• The Revolution of the Saints (Walzer) 11, 17, 129–30
• revolutionary justice 44
• revolutionary wars 17
• rights see human rights; individual rights
• The Road to Wigan Pier (Orwell) 150
• Rodin, David 28, 53
• “rooted cosmopolitanism” (Mitchell Cohen) 154
• Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 61, 145
• Rule, James 122, 127, 160 rule of law, and revolutionary justice 44
• rule-based utilitarianism 144
• Rwanda 33, 38, 119

• Sachar, Abram 9
• Saddam Hussein 32
• Said, Edward 8, 127, 160, 170
  • review of Walzer’s Exodus 12, 135–7, 151
• salvation, and healthcare in medieval Europe 73–4
• Sandel, Michael 75, 113
• Sanders, Bernie 83
• Sartre, Jean-Paul 50, 151
• Scanlon, Tim 2, 145
• Scottish Enlightenment 93
• SE (supreme emergency) doctrine 21, 38–9, 44–8, 49, 50–1, 166
• secondary associations 97
• sectarianism 98
• secular liberation movements 133
• Seglow, Jonathan 106
• the self, community and identity 113
• SELF (Society for Ethical and Legal Philosophy) 10–11, 37, 60–1, 161
• self-determination
  • and border controls 104
  • collective self-determination and just-war theory 7–8, 29–30, 30–1, 35, 37, 118
  • and consociations 172
  • and humanitarian intervention 33
  • and justice after war 119
  • and multicultural accommodation 113
  • and reiterative universalism 155, 158
• Sen, Amartya 120
• Shakespeare, William 11
• Sidgwick, Henry 144
• Sierra Leone 38, 119
• Silone, Ignazio 12, 142, 150
• Singer, Peter 144
• situated theory 5, 15, 16, 165, 166
• social construction 8, 149
  • of meanings 12, 72, 76, 167
  • and reiterative universalism 155–6, 158
• social contract theory
  • and distributive justice 61
  • and philosophical invention 145
• social criticism 2, 16, 77, 100, 148–53, 160–3
• social democracy 3–4, 9, 15
  • and the British Labour Party 10
  • and communitarianism 95
  • and complex equality 58, 75–6, 78, 81, 83, 88–93
  • and cosmopolitanism 116
  • and Dissent magazine 4, 5, 9, 11, 169–70
  • and diversity 102
  • equality and pluralism 151
  • and interpretive theory 142
  • and liberalism 15–6, 162, 165, 169–70
  • and multicultural accommodation 112
  • and neoconservatism 62
  • and political theory 170
  • and social meanings 7
  • and the Vietnam War 18, 20
  • and Walzer’s Radical Principles 11–12
  • Walzer’s social-democratic theory 12, 14–5
• social liberalism 163
• social meanings
  • and the common life 162
  • and distributive justice 162
  • Geertz and the social-meaning thesis 69–71, 156
  • and political theory 7–9, 165–6, 168–9
  • and reiterative universalism 156, 157, 158–9, 160
• social-meaning thesis
  • and communities 172
  • and complex equality 15, 59, 64–5, 69–75, 76–8, 79, 81, 97, 99
  • and cosmopolitanism 116
  • and exodus politics 136
  • and interpretivism 146
  • and morality 153
  • and nationalism 127
  • and social criticism 153
  • see also meaning-dependence thesis
• socialism 3, 11
  • and complex equality 68, 79, 80, 81–2, 83, 84, 87–8, 98
  • in Dissent magazine 98, 127
  • in Orwell 150–1
• socialist internationalism 133
• Society for Ethical and Legal Philosophy (SELF) 10–11, 37, 60–1, 161
• Socrates 1
• soldiers, moral equality of 2, 51–7, 162
• Somalia 119
• South Africa 34, 36
• sovereignty
  • and Jewish political thought 139
  • see also national sovereignty; political sovereignty
• Soviet Union 127
  • collapse 13
  • invasion of Finland 29–30
  • post-Soviet states and civil society 93
  • and the Vietnam War 20
• Spheres of Justice (Walzer) 11, 12, 58–9, 63–6, 75, 107, 130
  • A Defense of Pluralism and Equality (Walzer) 4
    • and bounded communities 106
  • and complex equality 80, 88–9, 94, 99, 100
  • and cultural diversity 102
  • and distributive justice 102
  • intellectual and political context of 60–3
• Spheres of Justice (Walzer)
  • and interpretation 145–6
  • and Jewish political thought 137, 140
  • meaning-dependence thesis in 66–9, 169
  • and multiculturalism 112
  • on national communities 101–2
  • and reiterative universalism 157
  • and social criticism 142, 148, 150, 153, 163
  • and social science disciplines 165
  • and social-democratic movements 80
  • social-meaning thesis in 70–1, 72–4, 77
  • and the war convention 161
  • on workplace democracy 91
  • see also complex equality; social-meaning thesis
• Stalin, J. 29
• state sovereignty
  • and cosmopolitanism 123
  • and just-war theory 34, 53–4
  • see also national sovereignty
• ”The State of Political Theory” (Walzer’s introduction to Dissent symposium) 6, 147
• states
  • border restrictions 102–8
  • and civil society 93
  • and complex equality 68, 100
  • and global politics 116
  • moral standing of 2
  • state collapse and justice after war 119
  • state rights and humanitarian intervention 33–4, 35–7
  • and Walzer’s theory of aggression 27–8
• storytelling 3
  • and Jewish political theory 139
  • and religious symbols 133–7
• strikes 89, 90
• strong democracy 92
• subsidiarity, principle of 93
• supreme emergency (SE) doctrine 21, 38–9, 44–8, 49, 166
• Sweden 107
• Switzerland 172
• symbolic value of commodities 69
• symbolism see religious symbolism
• Syria
  • civil war 31, 38, 106
  • non-intervention in 119
  • refugees 102, 105–6

• Tarantino, Quentin, Inglourious Basterds 52
• territorial integrity, and just-war theory 117
• terrorism 14, 29, 38
  • and threats to civilians 48–51
  • ticking timebomb scenario 43–4
• A Theory of Justice (Rawls) 1–2, 61–3
• Thernstrom, Stephen 131
• Thick and Thin (Walzer) 13, 118, 157
• Thinking Politically (Walzer) 2
• Thomson, Judith 71
• Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 21–3
• ticking timebomb scenario 43–4
• toleration, regimes of 111–12
• torture 43–4
• Turkish migrants 107

• United Nations (UN) 115, 120–2
• United States
  • Central American migrant workers 108
  • civil-rights movement 10, 26, 79, 85–6, 89
  • Cold War liberalism 147
  • Communist Party 10, 82, 135
  • community and identity 113
  • and complex equality 79, 81, 84–5
  • and cosmopolitanism 122
  • Democratic Party 4, 82, 83
  • General Motors strike (1930s) 90
  • healthcare 165
  • immigration 13
  • Iraq war (2003) 31, 32, 118
  • and just-war theory 118
  • left politics and Walzer’s pluralism 122–3
  • liberalism 84–5, 169–70
  • McCarthyism 9–10
  • multiculturalism 109–10
  • and pluralism 126, 160
  • Presidential elections 3, 5, 62
  • refugees 102, 105
  • SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) 86
  • and social criticism 148
  • and social democracy 169–70
  • states and sub-state communities 104
  • Supreme Court 168
  • and terrorism 49
  • ‘War on Poverty’ 85
  • World Trade Center attacks 13
  • see also Vietnam War
• universal morality 13, 122, 142, 154–60
  • covering-law universalism 154–5, 156, 157
  • reiterative universalism 155–60
• use value of commodities 69
• USSR see Soviet Union
• utilitarianism
  • and distributive justice 61
  • and just-war theory 21, 39, 44
  • and radical discovery 144
• Vietnam War 14, 17, 18–20, 166
  • anti-Vietnam War movement 11, 18–20, 79
  • and civil disobedience 89
  • and military reform 7–8
  • My Lai massacre 157
  • refugees 102, 105
  • and Walzer’s just-war theory 17, 19–20, 24, 30, 32, 37, 39, 165
• The View from Nowhere (Nagel) 144

• war crimes 45
  • tribunals 117, 118
• Weber, Max 129
• welfare society 68
• welfare state 170
  • and complex equality 83, 84–5
• West Germany 107
• Western European countries, and multiculturalism 109
• ”What Is ‘The Good Society’?” (Walzer) 98
• ”Which Socialism?” (Walzer) 88
• Wilde, Oscar 87
• Williams, Bernard 64, 66, 69, 78, 168–9
• Wittgenstein, Ludwig 1
• workplace democracy 76, 77, 89–93
• World Bank 115
• World War II 11, 17, 37, 165
  • and Christian just-war theory 21
  • and supreme emergency doctrine 39

• Young, Iris 120

• Zionism 31, 138, 171–2