Index

advantage, 12

aggregated pairwise voting, 115–116

anonymity, 91

arithmetic mean, 34

Arrow’s theorem, 131

Ars Conjectandi, 16, 71

astragali, 1

atomic error, 303

auxiliary diagram, 151

average, 34

bar graph, 38

Battle of the Bismarck Sea, 191

beatpath method, 118–125

bell-shaped curve, 24

Bernoulli trial, 16

Bernoulli, James, 16, 71

better than, 158

bimodal, 35

binomial

process, 16

trial, 16

Bombing Sorties, 137, 197

Book on Games of Chance, 14

Borda count, 95–105

Borel, Emile, 146

Boscovich method, 50

Cardano, Gerolamo, 14

cardinal preferences, 89, 103

Central Limit Theorem, 82

central tendency, 34

Ceres, 54

Chicken, 161

choice number, 17

circumference of earth, 50

Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping (CSSD), 118

cloneproof, 101

complementary, 5

Condorcet

criterion, 100

methods, 111

confidence interval, 71

confidence, 71

conflict, 133

conjunction, 5

constraint, 208

correction, 44

Cotes, Roger, 47

counterstrategy, optimal, 171

Cuban missile crisis, 160

cumulative frequency, 60

cumulative relative frequency, 60

De Moivre, Abraham, 71

Dialog Concerning, 44

Doctrine of Chances, 71

dodecahedron, 9

dove, 177

elementary error, 56

error, 44, 55

event, 3

Evolutionary Game, 176

expected payoff, 147

expected value, 142

failure, 16

fitness, 177

France, 50

frequency table, 38

gain, 137

Galilei, Galileo, 10, 44

Galton, Sir Francis, 31

game, 137

fair, 134

nonzero sum, 180

solution of zero-sum, 187

zero sum, 145, 153

Gauss, C. F., 48, 52

geodesy, 50

hawk, 177

histogram, 38

hypothesis testing, 76

independence from irrelevant alternatives, 99

independent random events, 141

independent, 6

Jamaican Fishing Village, 198

Job Applicants, 164, 175, 205

Kennedy, John F, 160

Kepler Johannes, 43, 49

Khrushchov, Nikita, 162

Laplace, P.-S., 82

Least squares method, 48

Legendre, A. M., 48, 51–52

linear programming, 208

Lively, C. M., 136

lizard, 136

loss, 134

majority rule, defined,90

majority rule, intransitivity of, 107

margin of error, 74

mark, 40

maximin strategy

mixed, 193

pure, 158, 188

value, 156

May’s theorem, 90

Maynard Smith J., 176

mean, 34

grouped, 41

median, 35, 46

meter, 50

minimax strategy

mixed, 193

pure, 189

Minimax theorem, 193

minimax value, pure, 189

mixed strategy, 146

mode, 35

model, 52

MOE, 74

monotonicity, 91, 128

moral certainty, 71

Morgenstern, Oskar, 133, 147

Nash equilibria of zero-sum games, mixed, 192

Nash equilibria of zero-sum games, pure, 190

Nash equilibrium point, pure, 164

Nash equilibrium, mixed, 170

Nash, John, 169

neutrality, 91

Newton, Sir Isaac, 47

No Regrets, 161, 169

noncooperative, 155

nondictatorship, 131

numlist_sp curve, 24

numlist_spity assumption, 60

numlist_sply distributed, 66

null hypothesis, 76

objective function, 208

observation, 44

Occam’s razor, 47

octahedron, 7

oddments, 195

odds, 1

optimization, 208, 222

ordinal preferences, 89

outcome, 2, 150, 151

pairwise comparisons, 105–110

paradox, dominated winner, 106

paradox, voter’s, 108

paradox, winner turns loser, 97

Pareto optimal, 158

Pareto principal, 131

Parker, G. A., 177

participation criterion, 128

partition, 11

payoff pair, 158

payoff, 150, 152

payoff, expected, 152

Penny Matching, 134

Piazzi, Giuseppe, 54

play, 149

plurality rule, 90–95

Polar Star, 55

population, 60

preference criterion, binary, 88

Principle of Rationality, 155

Prisoner’s Dilemma, 157, 205

probability, 2, 141

p-value, 76

Quetelet, Adolphe, 57

quincunx, 31

random experiment, 2

random variable, 66

range, 36

regression line, 53

River Tale, 196

Rock-Scissors-Paper, 135

Roman Catholic Church, 44

runoff election, 91

saddle point, 191

schulze method, 116

Schwartz set, 121

significance, 77

simultaneous equations, 220

Sinervo, B., 136

single transferable, 126, 129

Smith criterion, 111

Smith-IIA criterion, 117

Smith set, 112

spread, 36

standard deviation, 37

grouped, 41

standard numlist_sp curve, 27

strategy pair, mixed, 168

strategy, 137, 150, 152

mixed, 150, 168

pure, 150

success, 16

symmetric, 23

symmetrys

tetrahedron, 8

throw, 11

tournament

round robin, 111–126

single elimination, 105

transitivity, 88

Two-Finger Morra, 136

Uta stansburiana, 136

value, 188, 194

value pair

mixed, 170

pure, 155

variability, 36

vertex principle, 223

von Neumann, John, 133, 147