Abbate, Carolyn, 103
The Actor: An Artistic Problem (Martersteig), 144
An Actor Prepares (Stanislavsky), 145
“Actors and Singers” (Wagner), 118
Addresses to the German Nation (Fichte), 50n9
Adorno, Theodor, 152
Adrienne Lecouvreur (Scribe), 139
After Dark (Boucicault), 89–90, 99
Afterwards! … or Tics (Berton), 146
Against Interpretation (Sontag), 185
Allgemeine Theorie der schönen Künste (Sulzer), 102
Alterations of Personality (Binet), 147–148
Anatomy of Expression in Painting (Bell), 29, 31
animal magnetism, 13, 41, 73, 135
Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (Kant), 51
Antoine, André, 145
Antona-Traversi, Camillo, 152
Artaud, Antonin
on connections between reality and dreams, 185–186
continuities with nineteenth-century theater and, 188–189
A Dream Play produced (1928) by, 185, 187, 189
hermeneutics and, 187
language without mediation as goal for, 186–187
Les Cenci and, 43, 46, 187–188, 190
The Nerve Meter and, 186
“No More Masterpieces” and, 46–47, 190
Sontag on the influence of, 2, 185
on theater and mass spectacle, 190
Theater of Cruelty and, 2, 16, 43, 46–48, 177, 186–188, 190
theater of sensation and, 11, 71, 187–189
The Artwork of the Future (Wagner), 98, 109
Asch, Max, 164
Asendorf, Christoph, 167
Athenaeum (Schleiermacher), 52
Avril, Jane, 140
Babinski, Joseph, 131, 133, 148–150, 153
Badiou, Alain, 103
gestures in the dramas of, 25–29, 39, 185
on gestures of a criminal before an execution, 28–29, 39
“Introductory Discourse” and, 25, 28–29
Plays on the Passions and, 25, 27–28, 37n14
Baillie, Matthew
Gulstonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians (1794) and, 31
The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body and, 29
neurological research of, 12, 37, 52
Bald Soprano (Ionesco), 69
Balthus, 43
Banville, Théodore de, 139
“Barbox Brothers” (Dickens), 94
“The Battle of the Brains” (Strindberg), 165, 169, 171–172
Baudelaire, Charles, 15, 101–102
Beck, Julian, 189
Beethoven (Wagner), 15, 111, 113–115, 117
Behavior of Organisms (Skinner), 2
Bell, Charles
Bell-Magendie Law and, 8, 56n16
Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression and, 29, 31, 33–37
on holistic understanding of body and mind, 36–37, 39n16
law of specific nerve energies and, 57
Schopenhauer and, 105
Benjamin, Walter, 189
Bentley, Eric, 86
Berg, Alban, 120
Bernard, Claude
De l’aphasie, 161
determinism and, 163
Introduction to Experimental Medicine and, 159
naturalism and, 16
neurophysiological research of, 157, 180
Zola influenced by, 16, 157–159, 161, 163, 165
Bernard, Désiré, 161
Bernheim, Hippolyte
Charcot’s studies and, 149
De la suggestion et ses applications à la therapeutique, 164
First International Congress on Physiological Psychology and, 131
hypnotism studies of, 131, 135, 140–141, 147, 148, 166, 169, 171, 180
hysteria studies of, 131
Salpêtrière experiments criticized by, 138n4, 139
School of Nancy experiments conducted by, 131, 135, 137, 140–141
Strindberg influenced by, 165–166, 171
Suggestive Therapeutics and, 140–141
Berton, René, 146
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 52
Bichat, Marie François Xavier, 105
Binet, Alfred, 131, 147–149, 152–153
Bini, Lucino, 2
The Blind (Maeterlinck), 175
Bolton, Charles, 88
Boucicault, Dion
The Colleen Bawn and, 87
Copyright Act of 1856 and, 91–92
Daly v. Palmer copyright case and, 91–93
Braid, James, 135
Brandt, Carl, 118
Bright, Richard, 29
British Romanticism and the Science of the Mind (Richardson), 11–12
Broca, Paul, 161
Browne, Richard, 102
Büchner, Georg
on Cato, 50
Danton’s Death and, 45, 63–64, 67, 73–74
death of, 46
Dissertation on the Nervous System of the Barbel and, 50, 53–56, 58
The Hessian Messenger and, 46
idealist poetry criticized by, 45
law of specific nerve energies and, 57
Müller and, 56
Naturphilosophie and, 53–55, 58–59, 74
“On Suicide” and, 50
physiological conception of the psyche and, 62
Trial Lecture and, 50, 53, 55, 58
at University of Zurich, 50, 53
vertebral theory of the skull and, 53–55
Woyzeck and, 10, 14, 46–50, 58–74, 118, 120, 146, 151, 173, 187–188
Büchner, Ludwig, 47
Bürger, Peter, 189
Burwick, Frederick, 26
Buzzard, Thomas, 81
Byron, Lord, 108
By the Open Sea (Strindberg), 168
Cabanis, George, 30–31, 37, 105, 107
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (play at Grand Guignol), 146
“Captain Tom’s Fright” (1867 story), 88
Carlson, Harry, 181
Carswell, Robert, 29
The Case of Wagner (Nietzsche), 100–101
Cato, 50
The Cenci (Percy Shelly)
animal magnetism and, 41
Artaud’s interpretation (1935) of, 43, 46, 187–188, 190
Beatrice’s gaze in, 40–42, 151
Covent Garden’s rejection (1819) of, 43
first performance (1886) of, 46
parricide of Count Cenci in, 37–39, 42
publication (1820) of, 19
Shaw on, 44
torture by the rack in, 40, 42
Woyzeck and, 47
Cerletti, Ugo, 2
Chaikin, Joseph, 189
Charcot, Jean-Martin
anatomo-clinique method and, 133
Babinski and, 149
Binet and, 147
death of, 142
Description de la grande attaque hystérique and, 127
disease archetypes sought by, 133–134, 136, 153
First International Congress on Physiological Psychology and, 131–132
Grand Guignol theater and, 132
hypnotism and, 135–139, 143, 153, 171
hysteria studies at Salpêtrière Hospital of, 15, 123, 127, 133–142, 144–145, 147–149, 151, 153
on imagination and dreams, 130
A Lesson at the Saltpêtrière (play) and, 146–147
Lessons on the Diseases of the Nervous System and, 137
objectivity and, 131–133, 135–136
public lectures of, 15, 133–134, 136
Strindberg influenced by, 16, 165, 171
theatricality and, 15–16, 131–132, 136, 138–140, 144
Wagner compared to, 140
Zola and, 165n7
Chekhov, Anton, 160
Choisy, Camille, 152
Cixous, Hélène, 136
Claretie, Jules, 139
Clayton Tunnel disaster (1861), 82
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 12
Colette, 188
The Colleen Bawn (Boucicault), 87
Conférence sur l’expression générale et particulière (Le Brun), 19–20n4
Cooke, John, 30
Creditors (Strindberg), 153
A Crime in a Madhouse (Binet and de Lorde play at Grand Guignol, 1925), 148, 152
Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 57
Cullen, William, 2
Curie, Marie, 164
Curran, Stuart, 40n17
Curtin, Adrian, 188
Dahlhaus, Carl, 111
Daly, Augustin
Daly v. Palmer copyright case and, 91–93
Danger (Rayner), 89
Danton’s Death (Büchner), 45, 63–64, 67, 73–74
Darwin, Erasmus, 17, 25, 31, 66n27
Darwin, Robert, 66n27
Das Rheingold (Wagner), 115, 118, 121, 173
Daston, Lorraine, 159n3
Daudet, Alphonse, 139
Degeneration (Nordau), 169
Dehmel, Richard, 164
De la suggestion et ses applications à la thérapeutique (Bernheim), 164
Delboeuf, Joseph
First International Congress on Physiological Psychology and, 131
Salpêtrière studies critiqued by, 136–137, 147–148
Deleuze, Gilles, 189
de Mainaudu, John Boniot, 41–42
De Monfort (Baillie), 19, 25–28, 39
Denby, David, 6n5
The Deranged Women (Babinski and Palau play at Grand Guignol, 1921), 148–150
Derrida, Jacques, 189
de Sade, Marquis, 152
Descartes, Réne, 39n16
Description de la grande attaque hystérique (Charcot), 127
Dessoir, Max, 131
Devrient, Ludwig, 18
Diamond, Elin, 157
Dickens, Charles
“Barbox Brothers” and, 94
cult of sensation and, 74
Household Words journal and, 85
Little Dorrit and, 84
Oliver Twist and, 86
Our Mutual Friend and, 76
“The Signal-Man” and, 75, 77–78, 93–98
Staplehurst railway disaster (1865) and, 75–77, 86, 93, 97
Diderot, Denis, 5–6, 18, 83, 147
Didi-Huberman, Georges, 136
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (Wagner), 100–102, 118–119
Dissertation on the Nervous System of the Barbel (Büchner), 50, 53–56, 58
Dombey and Son (Dickens), 87, 96
Don Giovanni (Mozart), 120
Dora (subject of Freud study on hysteria), 184
A Dream Play (Strindberg)
Artaud’s production (1928) of, 185, 187, 189
free-associative speech and, 182
Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams compared to, 179–182
male characters in, 181
Strindberg’s “Inferno Crisis” (1894–6) and, 180
du Maurier, George, 144
Durkheim, Emile, 139
electroconvulsive therapy, 2
Elektra (Strauss), 120
Elements of Criticism (Kames), 17, 19–21
Elements of Physiology (Müller), 57
“Emmy von N.” case study (Freud), 176–178, 180
empirical psychology, 51–52, 58
Encyclopédie (Diderot), 83
Engel, Johann Jakob, 5, 22, 185
The Enlightenment
body and soul conceptualized in, 17
gesture and, 21
Scottish Enlightenment and, 29
social solidarity and, 6n5
sympathy conceptualized in, 24
epileptic singers (gommeuses epileptiques), 145
Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression (Bell), 29, 31, 33–37
Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting (Bell), 29
“The Experimental Novel” (Zola), 156–158, 162
The Experiment of Dr. Lorde (1916 Grand Guignol play), 146
The Father (Strindberg), 167, 172–173
Fearing, Franklin, 56n16
Féré, Charles, 147
Feydeau, Georges, 146
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 50n9, 51
Fielding, Henry, 18
First International Congress on Physiological Psychology (1889)
Charcot as president of, 132, 153
International Congress on “Hypnotism, Experimental and Therapeutic” and, 142
prominent attendees of, 131
The Flying Dutchman (Wagner), 119–120
Fodor, Jerry, 52n11
Forel, Auguste, 131
on anatomo-physiological foundations of knowledge, 59–60
discipline and, 28
Kant and, 9
on language and thought in the nineteenth century, 177
on life’s autonomy in relations to concepts of classification, 9, 190
The Order of Things and, 9, 59–60, 177, 190
Fragments of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria (Freud), 184
Frankenstein (Mary Shelley), 7, 37, 41n18
Franz Joseph II (emperor of Austria), 52
Franzos, Emil, 47
Freud, Sigmund
On Aphasia, 162
“Emmy von N.” case study of, 176–178, 180
First International Congress on Physiological Psychology and, 131
hermeneutics and, 16, 182, 184, 187
hypnotism and, 13, 143–44n9, 177–179
The Interpretation of Dreams and, 4, 13, 16, 111, 177, 179–182
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious and, 182
“Project for a Scientific Psychology” and, 179–180, 182
psychoanalysis and, 178, 183–185
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life and, 182
Studies on Hysteria and, 177–178, 184
on “symptomatic actions,” 184–185
turn from neurology to psychology by, 4, 13
Friedheim, Philip, 120
Galison, Peter, 159n3
Gall, Franz Josef
condemnations of the work of, 52
gesture and, 25
idées fixes and, 156n2
neuroanatomical research of, 30–31, 161
phrenology and, 51–52, 107n7, 161
Schopenhauer and, 105n5, 107n7
Galton, Francis, 131
Gay, Peter, 180n2
The Genetics of Schizophrenia (Kallman), 2
George Cruikshank’s Table-Book, 87–88
Geschichte des Dramas (Klein), 101
Geschichte zweier Somnambulen (Kerner), 112
gestures
agency and, 35
hermeneutics of, 184
hysteria and, 123
linguistic borders transcended through, 20–22, 31, 95–96
melodrama and, 7n6, 95–97, 174
mental states revealed through, 13–14, 17, 20, 24, 28, 32–33, 35, 37–38, 39n16, 40, 95, 134, 183, 185
natural-language theories of, 14, 24–25, 28, 31–34
nervous system and, 8, 10, 31–36, 40, 42, 183
nineteenth-century theater and, 7, 14, 18–19, 22–29, 31–33
pain and, 40
Romantic Era’s emphasis on, 40
as social adhesive, 20–21, 23–24
uncultivated individuals and, 25
universal nature of, 11, 14, 19n3, 20, 23–24, 31, 187
Ghosts (Ibsen), 172
Ghost Sonata (Strindberg), 183–184
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 53–54, 108
Gordon, Mel, 152
Götterdämmerung (Wagner), 99, 101, 118
Gouffé Case (1889), 142
Gramophone, Film, Typewriter (Kittler), 121
Grand Guignol
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and, 146
Charcot and, 132
A Crime in a Madhouse and, 148, 152
The Deranged Women and, 148–150
doctor characters featured in, 145–148, 150
The Experiment of Dr. Lorde and, 146
The Horrible Experiment and, 146
house doctor at, 150
Kiss of Blood and, 146
The Laboratory of Hallucinations and, 146
Le Théâtre du Grand-Guignol and, 145
The Man Who Killed Death and, 146
melodrama’s influence and, 145
naturalism’s influence and, 145
sexualized violence in performances and, 151–153
“Théâtre Médical” subgenre and, 145–146
theatricality and, 16, 132, 146–147
Griesinger, Wilhelm, 56n17
Griffith, D. W., 189
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (Kant), 50
Guattari, Félix, 189
Gulstonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians (Baillie), 31
Hadley, Elaine, 95
Haller, Albrecht von, 2
Hamann, Holger, 72
Hamsun, Knut, 164
Hansson, Ola, 168
Harris, Thomas, 43
Hartmann, Eduard von, 135, 164
Hegel, G. W. F., 51
Heidegger, Martin, 182
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 57, 105–106, 120–121
Herbart, Johann Friedrich, 52
Heredia, Marie de, 188
The Hessian Messenger (Büchner), 46
Hofmann, Albert, 2
Holzapfel, Amy, 159n4
Hooper, Robert, 29
Hope, James, 29
Horkheimer, Max, 152
The Horrible Experiment (Grand Guignol Theater play of 1909), 146
Household Words journal (Dickens), 85
d’Houville, Gérard (Marie de Heredia), 188
Hume, David, 6
Hunter, John, 29
Hunter, William, 29
Huysmans, J. K., 139
hypnotism
acting viewed as form of, 144–145
animal magnetism and, 135
Babinski’s studies of, 149
Bernheim’s studies of, 131, 135, 140–141, 147, 148, 166, 169, 171, 180
Charcot’s studies and, 135–139, 143, 153, 171
French ban on stage exhibitions of, 143, 153
Freud and, 13, 143–44n9, 177–179
international conference (1889) on, 142
medical establishment and, 135, 142–143
nineteenth-century theater’s appropriation of, 144–145, 153, 171
Strindberg’s dramas and, 166, 169–173, 178–179, 190
suggestion and, 137, 141–142, 147–149, 166, 169, 171
hysteria
Bernheim’s studies of, 131
causes of, 133
Charcot’s Salpêtrière studies of, 15, 123, 127, 133–142, 144–145, 147–149, 151, 153
clairvoyance and, 116–117, 127
epileptic singers (gommeuses epileptiques) and, 145
Freud’s studies of, 177–178, 184
gesture and, 123
heritability and, 133
hysterical anesthesia and, 137–138
psychology and, 13
School of Nancy studies of, 137, 140, 144, 169
symptoms accompanying, 138
theatrical performances of, 123
Wagner’s operas and, 115–117, 119, 122–124, 126–128, 173
Ideen zu einer Mimik (Engel), 22
Iffand, August Wilhelm, 5
The Inferno (Strindberg), 180
“The Influence of Railway Travelling on Public Health” (1862 report in The Lancet), 78–79
International Congress on “Hypnotism, Experimental and Therapeutic” (1889), 142
The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud)
free-associative speech and, 182
on latent contents of dreams, 181–182
“On Spirit Seeing and Everything Connected Therewith” and, 111
Strindberg’s A Dream Play compared to, 179–182
turn from neurology to psychology in, 4, 13
Introduction to Experimental Medicine (Bernard), 159
“Introductory Discourse” (Baillie), 25, 28–29
The Invention of Hysteria (Didi- Huberman), 136
Ionesco, Eugène, 69
Irigaray, Luce, 122
Jacobi, Maximilian, 56n17
Jaeglé, Wilhelmine, 63
Jannarone, Kimberley, 189n5
Jervis, John, 74
Johnson, Samuel, 3
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious (Freud), 182
Kallmann, Franz, 2
Kames, Henry Home
Elements of Criticism and, 17, 19–21
on gestures, 17, 20–21, 23, 134, 185
Kant, Immanuel
Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View and, 51
on autonomy and moral law, 50–51
critical idealism and, 9–10, 57, 106, 107n7, 113
Critique of Pure Reason and, 57
death of, 51
Foucault and, 9
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and, 50
Schopenhauer and, 106, 107n7, 108, 111n11
subjective perception and, 108
suspicions toward empirical psychology and, 51–52, 58
transcendental categories and, 104
Keats, John, 12
Kemble, John, 26
Kerner, Justinus, 112
Kieser, Dietrich Georg von, 112
King Lear (Shakespeare), 83
Kiss of Blood (Grand Guignol play of 1925), 146
Klein, Julius Leopold, 101
Kostal, R. W., 78
The Laboratory of Hallucinations (Grand Guignol play of 1916), 146
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 9
Lamm, Axel, 164
Land Rats and Water Rats (Phillips), 89
Latour, Raymonde, 188
Lavater, Johann Caspar, 20n4, 51
law of specific nerve energies, 56–57, 65
Le Brun, Charles, 19–20n4
Lemaître, Frédérick, 18
Les Cenci (Artaud), 43, 46, 187–188, 190
Les maladies de la personalité (Ribot), 164, 183
Les maladies de la volonté (Ribot), 164, 183
Les morticoles (Léon Daudet), 140
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 5, 7
A Lesson at the Salpêtrière (de Lorde, 1908 play), 146–147
Lessons on the Diseases of the Nervous System (Charcot), 137
Le tour de Babel (Paris production of 1834), 74
Letters from England (Southey), 41–42
Letter to Monsieur d’Alembert on the Theatre (Rousseau), 18
Levin, David, 103
L’Hypnotisme et les états analogues au point de vue médico-légal (Tourette), 140
Lichtheim, Ludwig, 161
Lidforss, Bengt, 169
Liébeault, Ambroise-Auguste, 135
Light and Color (Goethe’s Theory)—the Morning after the Deluge—Moses Writing the Book of Genesis (Turner), 66–67
Liszt, Franz, 109
Little Dorrit (Dickens), 84
The London Arab (melodrama from 1866), 88
Lotringer, Sylvère, 189
LSD, 2
Lulu (Berg), 120
Mach, Ernst, 74
Maeterlinck, Maurice, 175
Magendie, François, 8, 52, 56n16, 105, 157
Magnan, Valentin, 111
“The Magnetic Lady to Her Patient” (Percy Shelley), 41
magnetic resonance, 2
Major, René, 185
Malina, Judith, 189
Manuscript Remains (Schopenhauer), 116
The Man Who Killed Death (Grand Guignol play of 1928), 146
Marowitz, Charles, 189
Martersteig, Max, 144
The Masque of Anarchy (Percy Shelly), 46
Maudsley, Henry, 164
Maupassant, Guy de, 139
Maurey, Max, 150
Maxa, Paula (Marie-Thérèse Beau), 151–152
Medicina Musica; or a Mechanical Essay on the Effects of Singing Music (Browne), 102
melodrama
disaster spectacles and, 73–74
Grand Guignol and, 145
intolerable confusion between good and evil in, 85–86
naming of characters in, 98
outward expression as a reliable indicator of inner feeling in, 86
railway travel and culture in, 15, 77–78, 85–97
Victorian culture and, 77
The Melodramatic Imagination (Brooks), 95
Melotti, Giulio, 143
mesmerism, 12, 36, 41, 74, 111, 139
Mill, John Stuart, 74
Miss Julie (Strindberg)
act divisions absent from, 170
autonomy destabilized in, 174
blurred boundaries between animate and inanimate objects in, 166–167
The Count’s absent presence in, 175–176
hypnotism and, 166, 170–173, 178, 190
multifarious nature of causality in, 166
mysterious landscape in, 183–184
naturalism and, 16, 154, 169–170
neurology and, 10, 167, 180–181
preface of, 165, 169–171, 179, 181, 183
stream-of-consciousness monologues in, 178–179
Mnouchkine, Ariane, 189
The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body (Matthew Baillie), 29
Morbid Psychology in Its Relations with the Philosophy of History (Moreau), 110–111
Moreau, Jacques-Joseph, 110–111
Morley, John, 83
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 120
Müller, Johannes
Elements of Physiology and, 57
frog neurology experiments of, 8
law of specific nerve energies and, 56–57, 65, 106
neuroanatomical research of, 52
somaticism and, 53n12
Munthe, Axel, 140
My Hatreds (Zola), 160
“My Railway Collision” (Thornbury), 84
“Mysticism—For Now” (Strindberg), 165
Nadja (Breton), 150
Napoleon Bonaparte, 52
Nasse, Friedrich, 56n17
naturalism
application of scientific discoveries to the artistic sphere and, 155, 158–159, 165
determinism and, 155, 162–163, 165
Grand Guignol and, 145
observation as emphasis in, 158
shift of emphasis from soul to body in, 156–157
Strindberg and, 16, 153, 158, 164–165, 167–171, 179
Zola and, 16, 153–158, 162–163, 165, 169–170
Naturalism in the Theatre (Zola), 156–157, 169
search for archetypes and connections in, 53–55, 74, 105
vertebral theory of the skull and, 53–55
The Nerve Meter (Artaud), 186
neurology. See also neuroscience
autonomy and, 154
brain as subject and, 4, 11, 16
clairvoyance and, 113
“cult of sensation” and, 14, 74
disease archetypes and, 133–134
empirical psychology and, 51–52
law of specific nerve energies and, 56–57
Naturphilosophie movement and, 53
nervous hermeneutics and, 183, 187, 190
neuron theory and, 131
nineteenth-century prominence of, 7–16, 37, 46, 77, 183
nineteenth-century theater and, 145–146
personal autonomy concept destabilized in, 9
philosophy and, 51
railway travel and, 77–82, 84–85, 97
reflex action and, 56
neuroscience. See also neurology
precursors of, 13
twenty-first century prominence of, 1, 4, 16
The Newly Born Woman (Cixous and Clément), 136
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 15, 100–101, 104
Nietzsche contra Wagner (Nietzsche), 101
“No.1 Branch Line. The Signal-Man” (Dickens). See “The Signal-Man” (Dickens)
“No More Masterpieces” (Artaud), 47–48, 190
Novalis, 51
Ochorowicz, Julian, 131
Oliver Twist (Dickens), 86
On Aphasia (Freud), 162
“On Cases of Injury from Railway Accidents; Their Influence upon the Nervous System, and Results” (Buzzard), 81
On Compromise (Morley), 83
O’Neill, Eliza, 43
“On Modern Drama and Modern Theatre” (Strindberg), 171
“On Poetry and Composition” (Wagner), 117–118
On Railway and Other Injuries of the Nervous System (Erichsen), 81
“On Spirit Seeing and Everything Connected Therewith” (Schopenhauer), 111
“On Suicide” (Büchner), 50
On the Sensations of Tone (Helmholtz), 121
The Order of Things (Foucault), 9, 59–60, 177
Our Mutual Friend (Dickens), 76
Panic of 1845 (Great Britain), 87
Paradox of the Actor (Diderot), 18
Paradoxes psychologiques (Nordau), 164, 169
Paris World Fair (1889), 130
Parsifal (Wagner)
clairvoyance and, 119–120, 123, 127
hysteria and, 122–124, 126–129
musical notation from, 124–126, 128
nerves’ role in the reaction to music of, 15, 102
operatic screams and, 120, 123
Pathology of the Brain (Willis), 2
Pavlov, Ivan, 145
The Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel), 51
Phillips, Edward, 3
Phillips, Watts, 89
Philosophy of the Unconscious (Hartmann), 135, 164
Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beförderung der Menschenkenntnis und Menschenliebe (Lavater), 20n4
Pierrot lunaire (Schoenberg), 120
Pinter, Harold, 67
Platel, Félix, 140
Plato, 108
The Player’s Passion (Roach), 12
Plays on the Passions series (Baillie), 25, 27–28, 37n14
“Poetry on the Railway” (Sala), 85, 91
Polidori, John, 41n18
Potter, Paul, 144
Practical Illustrations of Rhetorical Gestures and Action (Siddons), 19, 22–25
“Project for a Scientific Psychology” (Freud), 179–180, 182
Przybyszewski, Stanislaw, 164
Psychology of the Emotions (Ribot), 144
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (Freud), 182
Quintillian, 19n4
Rabi, Isador, 2
Rail, River and Road (Spencer), 89
Railway Clearing House (Great Britain), 95
railway travel
Clayton Tunnel disaster (1861) and, 82
disasters’ cross-class effects and, 80
Greenwich Mean Time, 95
melodrama and, 15, 77–78, 85–97
neurology and, 77–82, 84–85, 97
nineteenth-century increases in, 78
“railway spine” and, 81–82, 86
Staplehurst disaster (1865) and, 75–77, 82, 93, 97
systemic breakdowns and signaling failures in, 75, 82–86, 89–91
Rayner, Alfred, 89
Reid, Thomas, 25
Reil, Johann Christian, 105
Reynolds, Russell, 140
Ribot, Théodule-Armand, 144–145, 164, 166, 183
Richardson, Alan, 11–12, 25, 31, 40
Richard Wagner: A Psychological Study (Puschmann), 101
Ricoeur, Paul, 182
Riefenstahl, Leni, 190
Ring cycle (Wagner), 99, 102, 115, 117n15, 118, 121, 173
“The Rise of Hermeneutics” (Dilthey), 182
Robinson, Michael, 172
Rousseau, George S., 2–3, 4n2, 30
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 18
Salpêtrière Hospital hysteria experiments
Charcot’s conducting of, 15, 123, 127, 133–142, 144–145, 147–149, 151, 153
criticisms of, 137–138, 140, 144, 147, 149, 152–153
Gouffé case and, 142
A Lesson at the Salpêtrière (1908 play) and, 146–147
magnetism and, 147
theatricality of, 139
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 160
Scarry, Elaine, 40
Schelling, F. W. J., 51, 54n14
Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, 83
Schlegel, Friedrich, 51
Schleich, Carl Ludwig, 164
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 52
Schoenberg, Arnold, 120
School of Nancy
critiques of hysteria studies at, 140–141, 144
First International Congress on Physiological Psychology (1889) and, 153
Gouffé Case and, 142
hysteria studies at, 137, 140, 144, 169
Salpêtrière Hospital experiments critiqued by, 137–138, 153
Schopenhauer, Arthur
animal magnetism and, 111n11
critical idealism and, 106–107
on the dream of life, 181n3
Manuscript Remains and, 116
neurology and, 105, 107–108, 112–113, 116–117, 165
“On Spirit Seeing and Everything Connected Therewith” and, 111
physiological conception of the psyche and, 62
popularity in 1850s of, 108
Strindberg influenced by, 179
Wagner and, 102–104, 109–111, 113, 116–117
the will and, 104, 107–109, 113, 117
The World as Will and Representation and, 62, 104–108, 117
Schröder, Friedrich Ludwig, 5
Scribe, Eugène, 139
Second International Congress on Physiological Psychology (1892), 137
Semper, Gottfried, 118
Sennett, Richard, 18
Sennevoy, Dupotet de, 112
Sense and Sensibility (Austen), 17
Shaftesbury, Lord, 79
Shail, Andrew, 3
Shaw, George Bernard, 44
Shelley, Mary, 7, 37, 41n18, 45
Shelley, Percy
on abstract and theoretical nature of his dramas, 45
The Cenci and, 14, 19, 28, 37–44, 46–47, 61, 151, 167, 187–188
letter to Peacock (1819) of, 43
magnetism and, 41
The Masque of Anarchy and, 46
neurological research as topic of interest to, 37, 189
Showalter, Elaine, 183
Siddons, Henry, 19, 22–25, 29, 31
Siddons, Sarah, 26
Sidgwick, Henry, 131
Siegfried’s Death (Wagner), 109, 118
“The Signal-Man” (Dickens)
publication (1866) of, 77
on railway language, 75
temporality in, 94
trauma and melodrama in, 77–78, 93, 97
Sleep—I Command You! (Feydeau), 146
Smith, Patti, 189
The Son of a Servant (Strindberg), 172
“Soul Murder” (Strindberg), 165
Spencer, George, 89
Spillane, John D., 30
Sprinchorn, Evert, 181
Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 144–145
Staplehurst railway disaster (1865)
casualties in, 75
Dickens as passenger in, 75–77, 86, 93, 97
signaling failure as cause of, 75, 82
Stendhal, 187
Strauss, Richard, 120
Strindberg, August
autonomy and determinism in the works of, 154, 165–166, 174
“The Battle of the Brains” and, 165, 169, 171–172
in Berlin (1892–93), 164
Bernheim’s influence on, 165–166, 171
Charcot’s influence on, 16, 165, 171
Creditors and, 153
A Dream Play and, 16, 173, 177, 179–182, 187, 189
Expressionism and, 168
feminist criticism of, 173–174
hermeneutics and, 16, 181, 187
hypnotism in the works of, 166, 169–173, 178–179, 190
“Inferno Crisis” (1894–96) of, 164, 180
on the “man-hating half-woman,” 73
medical apprenticeship of, 164
Miss Julie and, 10, 16, 151–154, 156, 165–166, 169–178, 180–181, 183–184, 190
naturalism and, 16, 153, 158, 164–165, 167–171, 179
neurology and, 164–165, 167–169, 172, 174, 180–181, 189
Nordeau and, 169
“On Modern Drama and Modern Theatre” and, 171
By the Open Sea and, 168
Schopenhauer’s influence on, 179
scientific research by, 164
The Son of a Servant and, 172
“Soul Murder” and, 165
The Stronger and, 153
Vivisections and, 165
The Stronger (Strindberg), 153
Studies on Hysteria (Freud), 177–178, 184
Suggestive Therapeutics (Bernheim), 140–141
Sulloway, Frank J., 180n2
Sulzer, Johann Georg, 102
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 111n11
Taine, Hippolyte, 139, 161, 165
The Temple of Nature (Darwin), 17
Ternan, Ellen, 75
First Manifesto (1931) for, 46, 186
hermeneutics and, 16
language without mediation as goal in, 186
Les Cenci production (1935) and, 187–188
nervous sensibility and, 2
publication of The Theater and Its Double (1938) and, 2
unstageable form of, 190
Théâtre Libre (Antoine’s theater in Paris), 145
theatricality
Bernheim’s experiments and, 140–141
Charcot’s experiments and, 15–16, 131–132, 136, 138–140, 144
concerns regarding stage exhibitions of hypnotism and, 143–144, 153
eighteenth-century European society and, 18–19
fear of, 129
Grand Guignol performances and, 16, 132, 146–147
School of Nancy experiments and, 144
theatrum mundi concept, 18
Theophrastus, 19n4
The Pathology of Mind (Maudsley), 164
Thérèse Raquin (Zola)
determinism and, 162–163, 167–168
locked-in mute character in, 160–161, 163, 174–176
obsessive compulsive disorder and, 156
petit-bourgeois dyspepsia and, 155
preface to second edition of, 154, 163
scientific observation emphasized in, 159–160, 162
Strindberg on, 171
theatrical adaptation of, 16, 155–156, 159–160, 163
Zola on the process of writing, 158
Thompson, Hannah, 163
Thornbury, George W., 84
Tom Jones (Fielding), 18
Tourette, Gilles de la, 140–141, 153
Traité complet du magnétisme (Sennevoy), 112
Treadwell, James, 120
A Treatise on Nervous Diseases (Cooke), 30
Treviranus, Gottfried Reinhold, 9
Trilby (du Maurier), 144
Tristan und Isolde (Wagner), 100–102, 118, 120, 122
Trousseau, Armand, 161
Tuke, Hack, 140
Turgenev, Ivan, 139
Under the Gaslight (Daly), 88–91
Under the Sign (Sontag), 2
Vincent-Buffault, Anne, 5n4
Virchow, Rudolphe, 139
Vivisections (Strindberg), 165
Volta, Alessandro, 36
Voltaire, 6
Wagner, Richard
“Actors and Singers” and, 118
The Artwork of the Future and, 98, 109
Bayreuth Festival Theater and, 7, 99, 101, 118, 129
Beethoven and, 15, 111, 113–115, 117
Charcot compared to, 140
clairvoyance and, 114–115, 117–120, 123
Das Rheingold and, 115, 118, 121, 173
Die Meistersinger and, 100–102
The Flying Dutchman and, 119–120
Götterdämmerung and, 99, 101, 118
Helmholtz and, 121
hysteria in the operas of, 115–117, 119, 122–124, 126–128, 173
Liszt and, 109
neurology and, 15, 99–102, 109, 113–118, 165
“On Poetry and Composition” and, 117–118
operatic screams and, 119–120, 123
Parsifal and, 15, 102, 119–129, 151
Ring cycle and, 99, 102, 115, 117n15, 118, 121, 173
Schopenhauer and, 102–104, 109–111, 113, 116–117
Siegfried’s Death and, 109, 118
Tristan und Isolde and, 100–102, 118, 120, 122
Weiner, Marc, 103
Wernick, Carl, 161
Williams, Jane, 41
Wittman, Blanche, 139–142, 147
Wolf, Theta H., 147
Wordsworth, William, 12
The World as Will and Representation (Schopenhauer), 62, 104–108, 117
Woyzeck (Büchner)
autonomy and, 49–50, 57, 59–60
Büchner’s neurological research and, 14
Child’s scream in, 120
class oppression and, 62
color symbolism and, 66
gestures in, 64
hallucination in, 49
Marie denigrated as bestial in, 72–73, 151
multiple drafts of, 47
the neural subject and, 10, 14
power relations in, 61
premiere (1913) of, 46
publication (1879) of, 46
sadistic experiments in, 58–59
sensation and, 48, 60, 63, 65–74, 118, 187–188
Žižek, Slavoj, 103
Zola, Émile
autonomy and determinism in the works of, 154–155, 160–163, 167–168, 174–175
Bernard’s influence on, 16, 157–159, 161, 163, 165
Charcot and, 165n7
“The Experimental Novel” and, 156–158, 162
feminist criticism of, 173
on manliness, 157
My Hatreds and, 160
naturalism and, 16, 153–158, 162–163, 165, 169–170
Naturalism in the Theatre and, 156–157, 169
on observation, 158
shift of emphasis from soul to body and, 156–157
spectatorship in the work of, 26
Strindberg and, 165, 167, 171, 173
Thérèse Raquin and, 16, 154–156, 158–163, 167–168, 171, 173–176