Aboriginals, of Australia, 35, 36, 108
Abuja Declaration, 373
accomplices, definition of, 34
accountability trials and, 330
aerial bombardment
of Berlin, 118
civilians and, 165
civilian infrastructure in Afghanistan, 388–9
of German cities, WWII, 116–28
of Hamburg, 118
Iraq and, 275
Liddell Hart and, 124
Africa, neoliberalism and, 318, 407
Africa Watch, 244
African and African Descendants’ World Conference Against Racism, 362
agricultural subsidies, 318
aid commodities, complicity and, 41
al-Qaeda, 384
Albania
deaths, Milosevic and, 293
alcoholism, residential schools and, 107–8
Algeria
US alliance with, 393
war crimes in, 6
Alien Tort Claim Act, 374
Allende, Salvador
Allies, bombardment of German cities, WWII, 116–28
Amherst, Lord Jeffrey, 95
amnesties
restorative justice and, 332
trials and, 331
Anglo-American bombardment, of German cities, WWII, 116–28
Angola, truth commissions and, 338
Annan, Kofi (UN Secretary-General), 299, 313–14
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 294–5
anti-globalization, global movement for democracy and, 320
anti-Semitism, Lemkin and, 215
apartheid, 361
Argentina
IMF policies, 316
truth commissions and, 333
Armenians, Turkey and, 79
arms transfer, Barre dictatorship and, 244
assassination program, Vietnam, 165, 166
assimilation, and North American Indians, 86
Atlacátl Brigade, as US trained, 158
atrocities
institutional responses and, 327–43
US double-mindedness about, 146–60
see also torture; rape
Aussaresses, Paul, 6
Australian Aboriginals, 35, 36, 108
Ba’ath party, 268
Balkan Syndrome, depleted uranium and, 285
Bangladesh
charges against Kissinger and, 5, 218
human rights violations and, 203–12
Basso, Lelio, 356
Baudouin, King, 237
Belgium
death of Patrice Lumumba and, 230–39
Rwanda and, 262
Belgrade, bombing of, 284
Bell, General J. Franklin, 154, 155–8
Berlin, bombing of, 118
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 206
Biko, Steve, 368
Binza Group, 235
biological genocide, 81
definition of, 82
biological warfare, US imperialism and, 174
black reparations movements, 361–75
Blue Book
boarding schools, see residential schools
bombing, see aerial bombardment
Bosnia–Herzegovina
NATO air-strikes and, 277
Bourgès-Maunoury, Maurice, 135, 136
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros (UN Secretary-General), 38
Brazil
neoliberalism and, 318
reparations and, 365
Briand–Kellogg pact, 181
Britain
bombing of German cities, 121
bombing of Yugoslavia, 290
crimes against Iraq and, 270–73
German South West Africa and, 63–6
Brittain, Vera, 124
Bush, President George (Sr.), 396–7
Butcher of Hargeisa, see Hersi, General Said
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 261
Cambodia, 5
perpetrator population and, 338
US war crimes and, 355
complicity and, 40
residential schools, see residential schools, North American Indians
tribal dissolution and, 88
capitalism
neoliberal, contradictions of, 310
see also global capitalism
Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 92
Carmichael, Stokely, 354
Casement, Roger, 11
Castro, Fidel, 396
Chad, truth commissions and, 338
Chamberlain, Neville, on aerial
bombardment, 123
chemical warfare
US imperialism and, 174
US in Vietnam, 167
children
structural violence and, 299–300, 305
Chile
truth commissions and, 367
China
Kissinger and, 208
Chirac, Jacques, 6
Chivington, Colonel John, 88, 153
Churchill, Sir Winston, 124, 125–6
CIA
Afghan prisoners of war and, 389–90
Ba’ath party and, 268
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 284
death of Partice Lumumba and, 234–6
Phoenix program, 165
civilian deaths
Afghanistan, 388
Civilian Implementation Mission (CIM), 279
civilian infrastructure, Afghanistan, 388–9
Clarion campaign, 122
Iraq and, 265
Clinton, President Bill
Kosovo bombing and, 278
US crimes against Iraq and, 270–73
Colby, William, 188
collateral damage, structural violence and, 299–321
Cologne, bombing of, 118
Colombia, reparations and, 365
colonialism, 377
massacre and, 147
Columbus, Christopher, 171
comfort women, Japan and, 356
communism, Congo and, 235
compensation, truth commissions and, 334
complicity
Kissinger and, 222
transnational crimes against humanity, 31–49
see also perpetrator population; public participation
Concentration Camp Syndrome (CCS), residential schools and, 106
Guantánamo, 404
Namibia, 60
Congo
CIA and, 238
death of Patrice Lumumba, 230–39
Congolese National Movement (MNC-Lumumba), 233
conscience, aerial bombardment and, 124–7
Constantinescu, President Emil, bombing of Yugoslavia and, 289
Contact Group Plan, NATO air-strikes and, 277
corporal punishment, residential schools and, 101–3
covert war, US in Vietnam, 166–7
crimes against humanity
criminal culpability, residential schools and, 110–11
criminal law, retroactivity of, 224–5
Cripps, Stafford, 349
Cuba
cultural genocide, definition of, 82
culture of impunity, obligations and, 44–8
cultures of resistance, residential schools and, 101
Cyprus, charges against Kissinger, 218
da Silva, Luis Ignacio Lula, 318
Dallaire, Lieutenant-General Romeo A., 261
Darwin, Charles, 299
de Beauvoir, Simone, 354
depleted uranium (DU), bombing of Yugoslavia and, 285–6
democracy
anti-globalization and, 320
defense of, as pretext, 203
Moscow show trials and, 352
structural violence and, 311
‘democrisy’
definition of, 9
denial
Herero past and, 66
Holocaust and, 79
Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND), 104, 105
Détachement Opérationnel de Protection (DOP), 140
Deutsche Bund in Südwestafrika, white settler unity and, 65
Deuxième Bureau, 140
development assistance, structural violence and, 41, 49
development gap, US imperialism and, 171
DeVine, Michael, 158
Dimitrov, Georgi, 350
diplomatic failure, US intervention in Chile, 193–5
direct participation
definition of, 34
disease, indirect killing by, 95–9
Dresden, 126
drugs money, KLA and, 287
Durban Conference (2001), 371
charges against Kissinger and, 5, 218
see also Indonesia
economic expansion, structural violence and, 312
economic sanctions
US intervention in Chile, 191–2
education
for extinction, 87
imposing oppressor’s national pattern and, 92–3
North American Indians and, 84
Egypt
aid to Barre regime and, 249
arms for Rwanda, 40
Elkhorn School, Manitoba, 93, 94
El Mozote, massacre at, 149
El Salvador
death squads, 158
truth commissions, 367
US-backed atrocities in, 148–9
US-trained forces and, 155
Endecott, John, 172
enemy, definitions of, 137
English, exclusive use of, 91–2
environment
protection of, 321
structural violence and, 311–13
treated as infinite resource, 312
environmental degradation, bombing of Yugoslavia and, 284
epidemics, residential schools and, 95–9
Estorff, Major von, Herero and, 62
ethical dilemmas
‘just war’ concept, 116
ethnic cleansing, KLA and, 288
Eurocentrism, origins of human rights and, 201–2
European Economic Commission (EEC), aid to Barre regime and, 249
extermination order (Vernichtungsbefehl), Herero and, 61–2
Feraoun, Mouloud, 141
Final Solution, see Holocaust
Fischer, Joschka, 59
flogging, Herero and, 64
forced expulsions, 281
forced labor, as slow death measure in residential schools, 99–101
foreign courts, trials in, 337
foreign governments, truth commissions and, 338–9
‘forever war’, Vietnam as, 175–8
Fort Benning, Georgia, 151, 152
40 Committee, 189
France
attacks on legitimacy of law, 143
complicity in Rwanda, 40
reparations and, 363
FRAPH death squads, 331
foreign governments and, 339
free trade, 308
G7 nations and, 317
Frei, President Eduardo, 188
French Army, in Algeria, 134–44
French military
legality of actions of, 138–42
Friedman, Milton, 308
Garzon, Judge Baltasar, 187, 210
Geneva Accords (1954), US thwarting of, 166–7
violations of, in Iraq, 267
genocide
biological, 81
definition of, 35, 78–9, 80–83, 398
Lemkin’s definition of, 216–17
UN definition and colonial cases, 35
Genocide Convention, Vietnam war crimes and, 355
German cities, bombing of, 116–28
Germany, Herero of South Africa and, 59–73
global capitalism, tribunals and, 348, 357
global warming, 311
obligations and, 47
globalization, 34
definition of, 308
opposition movement, 178
as political freedom, 308
Goering, Hermann, 350
Greece
charges against Kissinger and, 218
depleted uranium and, 286
US war crimes and, 293
Group of Seven (G7), 357
free trade and, 317
Guatemala
Commission for Historical Clarification, 338
US aid and, 158
Gulf War (1990), 277
cluster bombs and, 287
depleted uranium and, 285
Gulf War Syndrome, 285
Guzmán Tapia, Judge Juan, 196
H-Genocide email list, censorship on, 397–9
Hague Convention (1907), 168
Martens clause in, 348
Haiti, US imperialism and, 174
Hamburg, bombing of, 118
Harris, Sir Arthur ‘Bomber’, 121, 126
Hart, Liddell, 124
Health issues, poverty and, 302
denial of past of, 66
Namibian independence and, 71
nationalist struggle and, 70
unity and, 71
Herero Peoples Reparations Corporation (HPRC), 72
Hersi, General Said, 246
Hiroshima, bombing of, 182
Hitchens, Christopher, on Henry Kissinger, 5, 207–9, 218–19
Hoare, Colonel Mike, 232
complicity and, 32
globalization and, 44
Herero and, 69
intentionality and, 33
settlement for slave laborers, 363
trials and, 331
Holocaust Slave Reparations Fund, 374
Home Child program, British policies and, 108
Horman, Charles, US intervention in Chile, 193–7
housing, damaged in German cities, 117
Howe, Admiral Jonathan, 252
human rights
international citizens’ tribunals, 346–59
law and, 327
as pretext for Western political action, 201–12
Human Rights Watch, bombing of Yugoslavia and, 282
Hungary
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 289
Soviet suppression and, 336
hunger, as avoidable, 310
Hussein, President Saddam, 268
Hutu Power forces, 261
perpetrator population and, 338
identity, destruction of, in residential schools, 90–92
Imperial Germany, Herero and, 59–73
imperialism
globalization and, 315
impunity, obligations and, 44–8
inclusive democracy, 320
independence, judiciary and, 337
indifference
definition of, 34
languages of, prohibition on speaking, 91–2
US imperialism and, 170
see also individual peoples
indirect killing, by disease, 95–9
Indonesia
atrocities and, 148
US double-mindedness about, 149–52
see also East Timor
Indonesian Army (ABRI), US support for, 150
Information Awareness Office, 394
information gathering, torture and, 138–40
instability, regional
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 289–90
institutional responses
future social unrest and, 342
reparations and, 46
international legislation, Kissinger and, 220–21
international citizens’ tribunals
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 136, 262
International Criminal Court (ICC), 358
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 227
International Foundation for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples, 356
international law, bombing of German cities and, 121–4
International Military Education and Training (IMET), 152
International Military Tribunal (IMT), Nuremberg, 220–21
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
aid to Barre regime and, 249
Argentina and, 316
Yugoslavia and, 304
International War Crimes Tribunal, 353
internment
and French Army in Algeria, 138–9
North American Indians and, 95
intervention, culture of impunity and, 45
Iraq
aerial bombardment of, 275
UN Security Council and, 273–5
US occupation of, 8
Ireland, British policies in, 108
Israel
Holocaust and, 79
reparations and, 371
Italy, aid to Barre regime and, 248
Jamaica, reparations and, 363
Japan
comfort women and, 356
wealth and, 305
Johnson, President, 151
Joint Combined Education and Training (J-CET), 152
Jones, Commissioner William A., 87
Judeocide, see Holocaust
judiciary, independence of, 337
just war concept, 116
Kabila, Laurent, 239
Kapuuo, Clemens, 69
Kasavubu, President Joseph, 233, 235–6
Katjavivi, Peter, 70
Kenya, reparations and, 363
Kenyatta, Jomo, 364
Kerrey, Bob, 4–5, 43, 164, 166, 176–7
KFOR, KLA and, 288
Khulumani Support Group (KSG), 361, 374
Khymer Rouge, perpetrator population and, 338
complicity and, 43
Christopher Hitchens on, 5, 207–9, 218–19
international legislation and, 220–21
retroactive criminal law and, 224–5
Kohl, Chancellor Helmut, 71
Kopassus Red Berets (RPKAD)
US support for, 150
Kosovo
economic implosion and, 304
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), 278–9
in Macedonia, 290
regional instability and, 287–9
Krstic, General Radislav, 293
Ku Klux Klan, 85
Kutako, Hosea, 69
labor, forced, in residential schools, 99–101
Lacoste, Robert, 136
landmines, US in Vietnam, 167
Laos, 5
Latin America, truth commissions, 332
Latin American republics, US imperialism and, 172–3
Lau, Brigitte, 66
law, 337
black reparations movements and, 363–4
and French Army in Algeria, 134–44
League of Nations, anti-Semitism and, 215
legal strategies, black reparations movements and, 363–4
legislation, international, Kissinger and, 220–21
Lemkin, Raphael, 80–83, 214–27
Leupp, Francis, 86
libertarian municipalism, 320
Lincoln, President Abraham, 201
loans, globalization and, 316
Lumumba, Patrice, 7
Lynd, Staughton, 354
Mackenzie, General Lewis, 252
McVeigh, Timothy, 3
Major, Prime Minister John, crimes against Iraq and, 270–73
managed atrocities, definition of, 148
Mandela, Nelson, 314
Mapirapan, Columbia, 155
market democracies, 308
mass movement, black reparations and, 362–3
mass transfers, in Canada, 84
massacre, US double-mindedness about, 146–60
material contributions
definition of, 34
Mbeki, Thabo, 407
Mekong Delta, US imperialism and, 164–6
Menchú, Rigoberta, 196
Mengistu Haile Mariam, Colonel, 242, 245
mercenary troops
Congo and, 232
Mescalero Apache Reservation, 89
military, spending on, 307
military coup, US intervention in Chile, 193–5
Milosevic, Slobodan, 227, 279–80
Albanian deaths and, 293
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 285
Kissinger and, 210
Operation Deliberate Force and, 277–8
Missing (film), and US intervention in Chile, 194
missionaries, Herero and, 62–3
Mitchell, Colonel William J. Billy, 173
Mobutu, Joseph-Desiré (Mobutu Sese Seko), 232, 233, 234
mode of transmission, institutionalization and, 339–40
Mogadishu, US troops and, 252–3
Mollet, Guy, 135
Montenegro, bombing, 283
moral responsibility, death of Patrice Lumumba and, 230–39
Muenzenberg, Willi, 349
Mugabe, Robert, 364
Mumia Abu-Jamal, 357
Murillo, Governor Luis, 365
Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City, 3
Musharraf, President Pervez, 211–12
Namibia
Herero–German war and, 59, 60–63
independence, Herero unity and, 71
UN and, 67
napalm, US in Vietnam, 167
national pattern
destruction of, in oppressed groups, 90–92
imposing that of oppressor, 92–3
nationalist parties, Namibia and, 69
nationalist struggle, Herero and, 70
native peoples, see indigenous peoples
NATO
war crimes and, 293
Nazism
crimes of, 181
Holocaust and, 32, 33, 44, 78–9, 331
‘just war’ concept and, 116
Nendaka, Victor, 234
neoliberalism, definition of, 308
New Deal
residential schools and, 97
Ngo Dinh Diem, 166
Niazi, Lieutenant-General A.A.K., 205
Nicaragua
US-backed atrocities in, 148–9
US imperialism and, 174
Nigeria
poverty and, 301
Shell and, 40
Nixon, President Richard
Allende and, 191
US intervention in Chile, 189, 192
see also Canada; US
North American Indians, 78–111
residential schools, see residential schools, North American Indians
North American News Sources (FIN), 194
North, Oliver, 150
Novi Sad, bombing of, 283
nuclear attack, Iraq and, 395–6
nuclear weapons, obligations and, 47
Nuremberg Principles, and US in Vietnam, 168
aerial bombardment and, 126
war crime definition and, 127
O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 231
obedience, residential schools and, 92
Oblates’ schools
St. Joseph’s, Williams Lake, 104
St. Philip’s, Saskatchewan, 102
obligations, impunity and, 44–8
oil, Barre dictatorship and, 243–4
Oil-for-Food program, Iraq and, 265–6
Okahandja, Namibia, 60
Operation Allied Force, 276, 276–96, 279–80
Operation Anvil, 363
Operation Barracuda, 234
Operation Deliberate Force, 277
Operation Endless Deployment, 392–4
Operation Gomorrah, 118
Operation Speedy Express, 165
Operation Thunderclap, 118, 122
Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS), 144
aid supply and, 386
Pan-African Truth and Reparations
Patria y Libertad, 190
patriotism, residential schools and, 91, 92
Pax Americana, 383
pedophilia, residential schools and, 103–5
Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal (PPT), 356
Pershing, General, 154
Philippines, self-determination and, 356
physical genocide, definition of, 82
Pilger, John, 383
Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, 85
Pinochet, Augusto, 226
arrest of, 186
declassification of documents, 187
Pinter, Harold, US imperialism and, 174–5
Poindexter, John, 394
political campaign, reparations and, 364–6
political freedom, globalization as, 308
political identity, obligations and, 48
political will, institutional responses and, 341
Portal, Sir Charles, 121
possession, structural violence and, 312
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), residential schools and, 106
poverty
as avoidable, 310
globalization as cure for, 308
structural violence and, 299–300, 305
powerlessness
Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal and, 183
as virtue, 347
Pratt, Captain Richard Henry, 87, 92
prisoners of war, Afghanistan and, 389–90
Project Wizard, 234
Provisional Government for the Algerian
Republic (GPRA), 137
psychological dysfunction, residential schools and, 105–6
psychological war (psywar)
managed atrocity and, 148
public participation
Holocaust and, 32
see also complicity; perpetrator populations
punishment, residential schools and, 101–3
Raboteau trial, Haiti, 331
racial identity, reparations and, 46
radiation, depleted uranium and, 285–6
Rahman, Justice Hammodur, 203
Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur, 204, 207
Rambouillet Peace Agreement, 279, 291
Reagan, President Ronald, Barre dictatorship and, 244
realpolitik, charges against Kissinger and, 218
rebels, definition of, 139
recompense, see reparations
reconciliation, truth commissions and, 334–5
Red Berets (RPKAD)
US support for, 150
refugees, bombing of Yugoslavia and, 281, 287–8, 294
regional instability
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 289–90
rehabilitation, truth commissions and, 334
Reichstag fire trial (1933), 348–51
relocation, US pacification program, 156–7
culture of impunity and, 45
sources of claims, 46(table)
types of claims, 47(table)
residential districts, aerial bombardment of, 118–19
Residential School Syndrome (RSS), 105–6
residential schools, North American
Christian religion in, 90–91, 92–3
Concentration Camp Syndrome, 106
destruction of identity, 90–92
forced transfer of children, 89
post-traumatic stress disorder, 106
punishment, 101
renaming in, 90
slow death measures, 93–5, 99–101
tuberculosis, 96
resistance, residential schools and, 101
definition of, 34
restoration, in Vietnam, 176
restorative justice, truth commissions and, 332–3
retributive justice, 327, 328–30
definition of, 328
trials and, 329
retroactive criminal law
right to protection from, 225, 336
Riaruako, Dr Kuaima, 72
Robinson, Randall, 370
Romania
bombing of Yugoslavia and, 289
Kissinger and, 208
Romero, Archbishop Oscar, 158
Roosevelt, President
on aerial bombardment, 123
Rosewood Compensation Act (1994), 364
Roskilde hearings, 355
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), forced transfer of children and, 89
rule of law
trials and, 331
Rumsfeld, Defense Secretary Donald, 253
Afghan prisoners and, 392
Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal, 181–5, 353–4
Russia, bombing of Yugoslavia and, 294
institutional responses and, 341
perpetrator population and, 338
Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF), 261
Ryan, Lieutenant Colonel Patrick, 194
UN Security Council and, 273–5
Sand Creek Massacre, Colorado, 88, 153
Sarwo Edhie, US psywar and, 155
Saudi Arabia, aid to Barre regime and, 249
Schneider, René, 197
Schrader, Carl, Herero and, 69
Scott, Duncan Campbell, 88, 95, 98, 102
Scott, Michael, Herero representations to UN, 67–9
secular theodicy, obligations and, 48
security forces
see also mercenary troops
segregation, need for truth and reparations commission on, 361–75
selective intervention
definition of, 34
September 11th attacks, 299, 383, 392
Iraq sanctions and, 394
Serbia, complicity and, 42
Serbian Radio and Television headquarters, bombing of, 283
sexual terrorism, residential schools and, 103–5
Shebarghan, Afghan prisoners of war and, 390
Shell, complicity in Nigeria, 40
Sheridan, General Phil, 87
Sherman, General William Tecumseh, 172, 364
Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 214
Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 339
global capitalist system and, 370
need for truth and reparations commission on, 361–75
slow death measures, residential schools, 93–5, 99–101
smallpox, North American Indians and, 95
Smith, Adam, 313
Smith, Captain John, 172
Somalia, US embassy in, 247
social unrest, institutional responses and, 342
socialism, US obstruction of, in Chile, 191–3
Somali National Movement (SNM), 245
Somalia
avoiding responsibility for, 252–4
Barre dictatorship and, 241–55
US reactions to 1988 massacres, 250–51
South Africa
complicity and, 337
institutional responses and, 341
truth commissions and, 333
South African Truth and Reconciliation
South West African National Union
(SWANU), Herero and, 69
South West African Peoples Organization
(SWAPO), Herero and, 69
Southern Africa
Soviet Union
suppression in Hungary and, 336
Spanish–American war, 172
Srebrenica, complicity and, 38–9
Stalinism, Moscow show trials and, 352
Star Wars ballistic missile defense, 307
starvation
as avoidable, 310
state terrorism, Afghanistan and, 387–8
station policy, Australian Aboriginals and, 108
Stockholm Syndrome, residential schools and, 106
structural adjustment policies (SAPs)
globalization and, 316
US imperialism and, 171
structural violence
democratized economies and, 319
development assistance and, 41, 49
subsidies, 318
free trade and, 318
Suharto, General, US support for, 150
suicide, residential schools and, 102–3
supervenience, definition of, 33
SWANU, Herero unity and, 71
SWAPO, Herero unity and, 71
Taliban, 384
stability after fall of, 386, 387
Talisman, complicity in Sudan, 40
terror bombing, 120
terrorism
definition of, 387
economics and, 299
US as responsible for, 314
Teruggi, Frank, US intervention in Chile, 194
Thanh Phong
Bob Kerrey and, 164
Thousand Bomber Raid, 118
Thucydides, 8
torture
Afghan prisoners of war and, 389–90
as entrenched in ‘civilized’ behavior, 141
and French Army in Algeria, 6, 138–44
information-gathering and, 138–41
residential schools and, 101–3
Total Information Awareness system, 394
totalitarian states, 308
toxic gases, bombing of Yugoslavia and, 284
transnational, definition of, 31
transnational crimes against humanity, 31–49
transnational democracy, 357
trials
accountability and, 330
amnesties and, 331
Holocaust and, 331
independence of judiciary and, 337
retributive justice and, 329
rule of law and, 331
victim recognition and, 330
tribunals
international citizens’, 346–59
retributive justice and, 328–30
Trotha, Lieutenant-General Lothar von, 61–2
denial of Herero past and, 66
Rev. Michael Scott and, 68
truckers’ strike, Chile, 193
truth commissions, 327–8, 333, 366–9
accountability and, 333
Angola, 338
Argentina, 333
Chad, 338
Chile, 367
compensation and, 334
definition of, 332
El Salvador, 367
independence of judiciary and, 337
Latin America, 332
rehabilitation and, 334
restorative justice and, 332–3
Sierra Leone, 339
therapeutic benefits, 333
truth and, 333
victim recognition and, 334
Zimbabwe, 341
truth and reparations committee on slavery, segregation and colonialism, 361–75
tuberculosis bacillus, North American Indians and, 96
Turkey, Armenians and, 79
UK, see Britain
UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR), 261
UN Charter, and US in Vietnam, 168
UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 83, 220
UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), 81, 83
UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), 280
UN Security Council
crimes against Iraq and, 273–5
lack of challenge to, 263
Secrecy of meetings, 260
UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 202
US
aerial bombardment by, 121–2, 276–96, 384–9
Afghan prisoners-of-war and, 389–90
aid supply to Afghanistan, 386
alliance with Algeria, 393
Barre dictatorship and, 241–2, 246–8
critique of actions of, 10
death of Patrice Lumumba and, 234–6
death of Moïse Tshombe and, 236
double mindedness about atrocity, 146–60
global capitalism and, 315, 357
Iraq and, 8, 153–5, 264–9, 270–73
military build-up since September 11th attacks, 392–4
military–industrial complex and, 307
NATO’s founding agreement and, 291
North American Indians and, 84–6
poverty and, 302
as responsible for terrorism, 314
Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal and, 183
Rwanda and, 38
Somalia, reactions to massacres in 1988, 250–51
slavery and, 170–71, 361, 377–9
Vietnam, intervention in, 167–9, 353–5
war crimes and, 3–6, 292–5, 353–5
wealth disparity and, 306
US Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 85
US Institute for Peace (USIP), 244
US Torture Victim Protection Act (1991), 337
van der Lubbe, Marinus, 348–51
Vernichtung, problematization of term, 66
victim recognition
trials and, 330
truth commissions and, 334
Vietnam, 4–5, 43, 158–9, 164, 166, 176–7
charges against Kissinger and, 218
corpse display, 156
restoration in, 176
Russell War Crimes Tribunal, 181–5
US and Geneva Accords (1954), 166–7
US war crimes and, 4–5, 292–5, 353–5
war against terrorism, as fig leaf, 404–5
war crimes
definition of, 127
War Crimes Tribunal, need for permanent, 184–5
Washington Consensus, 315
Washington, George, 172
water, and sanctions in Iraq, 266
water supplies, 311
Waterberg, annihilation of Herero at, 61
West, definition of, 21
West Pakistan, Kissinger and, 5
Western Europe, wealth and, 305
white settler unity, Blue Book and, 65–6
Wilson, President Woodrow, 201
US imperialism and, 173
Windhoek
Rev. Michael Scott at, 67
wiretapping, Kissinger and, 219
women, attack on ‘purity’ of, 141–2
World Bank
aid to Barre regime and, 249
Yugoslavia and, 304
World Conferences against Racism, 361, 377–9
world peace, US as threat to, 314
World War II, aerial bombardment of German cities, 116–28
Yahya Khan, General, 205–6, 207, 209
Yanomami, of Brazil and Venezuela, 35
Yugoslavia
economic implosion and, 304
NATO and, 160
Zapatista revolt, 178
Zimbabwe, truth commission, 341