Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan

Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing
(a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.)
in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC
29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010.

Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services.
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First Edition

Britannica Educational Publishing
Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor
J.E. Luebering: Senior Manager
Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control
Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies
Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor
Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor
Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition
Laura S. Etheredge: Associate Editor, Middle East Geography

Rosen Educational Services
Heather M. Moore Niver: Editor
Nelson Sá: Art Director
Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager
Matthew Cauli: Designer, Cover Design
Introduction by Shalini Saxena

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan/edited by Laura S. Etheredge. — 1st ed.
p. cm. — (Middle East: region in transition)
“In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-61530-414-1 (eBook)
1. Syria. 2. Lebanon. 3. Jordan. 4. Social change—Syria–History. 5. Social change—Lebanon—History. 6. Social change—Jordan—History. I. Etheredge, Laura.
DS93.S956 2011
956.9—dc22

2010027853

On the cover: Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon feature everything from wild rugged coasts to teeming metros, from modern skyscrapers to hallowed ancient ruins. Clockwise, from top left: Pigeon Rocks and city of Beirut, Lebanon; ancient city of Petra, Jordan; Amman, Jordan; Palmyra ruins, Syria Shutterstock.com

On pages 1, 18, 27, 32, 39, 85, 95, 104, 111, 117, 160, 173, 181, 186, 190, 211, 213, 219: The water-conservative camel proves to be a useful animal to humans on the steppes. Awad Awad/AFP/Getty Images