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Alamy Stock Photo/Everett Collection Historical: p.200
© 2019 American Association for Anatomy, by permission of John Wiley and Sons: p.189
© Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum of Wales, photo Robin Maggs: p.109
Author’s collection, and author’s faculty collection: pp. 10, 44, 57 (bottom), 59, 78, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101 (bottom), 103, 104, 114, 119, 123, 134, 135, 145, 146, 147, 149, 152, 156, 157, 162, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186 (both), 187, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199 (both), 201, 202, 203, 208, 209, 210–211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 226, 229
© 2014 Bachtrog et al. PLoS Biol 12(7): e1001899, under Open Access Creative Commons license (CC by 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0: p.237
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München: pp. 32, 33 (Rar. 287, fols 4v, 5r), 38 (Res/2 Anat. 13, tab. III, p.69), 39 (Res/2 Anat. 13, p.67)
Biblioteca de Catalunya, Barcelona, under Public Domain Mark 1.0 license: p.28
Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC: https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es: pp. 66–67
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris: pp. 24, 36, 37
Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): p.76
The British Library, London, under Public Domain Mark 1 (PDM 1.0) license: p.64
Carol Ballenger / David M. Hillis: p.233
CASG Slide #351069, Sara Mansfield © 2014 California Academy of Sciences: p.217
Chantilly, cliché CNRS-IRHT, © Bibliothèque et archives du musée Condé, Chantilly: pp. 27 (Ms 339, fo. 270), p.35 (Ms 139, fo. 33), p.34 (Ms 139, fos 3v, 30v, 29v)
The Dean & Chapter, Hereford Cathedral: Richard of Haldingham, Mappa Mundi, c.1300, details: pp. 17 (top), 26
D. Dunlop: p.85
David M. Hillis, Derrick Zwickl, and Robin Gutell, University of Texas: p.232
Evogeneao Tree of Life, 2008, 2017, © Leonard Eisenberg, courtesy of www.evogeneao.com: p.235
Dr Gabriel S. Bever, Center for Functional Anatomy & Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: p.240
Genes (Basel), 2018 Feb; 9(2):72, under Open Access Creative Commons license (CC by 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0: p.245
The Geological Society of London: pp. 92–93, 101 (top)
Getty Research Institute, Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program: pp. 15, 29, 45
Getty Research Institute, Research Library (archive.org), via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 54, 55
Graham Lawton, Guilty Pleasure: The Carbon Footprint of Cheese, New Scientist, 13/02/2019, © 2019 New Scientist Ltd. All rights reserved. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency: p.248
© 2011 Graphodatsky et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd, under Open Access licence (CC by 2.0): p.236
Harvard University Botany Libraries, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 52–53 (detail), 65, 84
Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 58, 72, 73, 86, 108
Historic Maps Collection, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library: p.115
Howard Lynk – VictorianMicroscopeSlides.com: pp. 154, 155
iTOL.embl.de, Interactive tree of life, 2019, European Molecular Biology Laboratory: p.247
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, by permission: pp. 250, 251
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles: pp. 22, 23
© Jeff Blossom, Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University: p.238
John Rylands Library, Copyright of The University of Manchester: p.25
Prof. Jonatas Abrahão, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil: p.246
Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague: pp. 7, 30, 31
© Kurt Stueber (GNU Free Document License): p.161
Library of Congress, Washington D.C., licensed under CC0 1.0 Universal (CC by 1.0): pp. 133, 163, 164, 166; 136 (Geography and Map Division)
Maxwell SL, Fuller RA, Brooks TM, and Watson JE, 2016: p.242
MBLWHOI Library, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 107, 112, 144, 150–151, 153, 167, 204, 205
Mendel Museum, Masaryk University, Brno: p.142
Michigan State University Libraries: p.50
Missouri Botanical Garden, Peter H. Raven Library, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 74, 88
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: p.61
Natural History Museum Library, London, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 110–111, 130, 131
Nature Reviews, Microbiology, 2019, 17(4), 199–200 – fig. 1; courtesy of Prof. Ron Milo, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot: p.244
N. M. Foley, M. S. Springer, and E. C. Teeling: p.239
Open source, via Archive.org (CC Mark 1.0): pp. 122–123
Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, project PAUart, www.pauart.pl: pp. 122–123
Princeton Theological Seminary Library: p.60
Public domain: pp. 120–121, 192, 198–199
Rens, W. et al., Resolution and evolution of the duck-billed platypus karyotype..., 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, pp. 16257–16261, fig. 3f, Courtesy of the authors: p.249
Reprinted with permission of AAAS from Estrada et al., Sci. Adv. 2017;3: e1600946, fig. 5, © The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/: p.243
Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library: p.132
Republished with permission of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, from Doolittle, Phylogenetic classification and the universal tree, Science, 1999, vol. 284, issue 5423, pp. 2124–2148, fig. 2; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.: p.230
Republished with permission of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, from M. Hildebrand, Symmetrical Gaits of Horses, Science, 1965, 150:3697, pp. 701–708, permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.: p.225
Republished with permission of The Royal Society, from Nilsson and Pelger, A Pessimistic Estimate of the Time Required for an Eye to Evolve, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 1994, 256:1345, figs 1, 2; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.: p.228
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, (CC0 1.0), RP-P-1896-A-19368-340: p.51
R. Muller, Department of Physics and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California: p.234
Robarts Library, University of Toronto Library, via Archive.org: jacket and p.175
Science Photo Library: pp. 90 (Science Source), 128–129 (Paul D. Stewart)
Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:29609 – fig. 3, under Open Access, Creative Commons license (CC by 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0: p.241
Smithsonian Libraries, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. frontispiece, title page, 8, 12–13, 17 (bottom), 18, 19, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57 (top), 62, 63, 68, 71, 75, 91, 102, 106, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119, 137, 140, 141, 148, 177
Special Collections, University of Aberdeen: pp. 14, 16, 20, 21
Stephen Turner: p.89
University of California Libraries (archive.org), via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 138, 139 (all)
University of Glasgow Library, via Wellcome Collection, London, under Public Domain Mark 1 (PDM 1.0) license: pp. 82, 83
University of Michigan, Creative Commons Zero (CC0): p.194
University of Toronto – Gerstein Science Information Centre, via Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): pp. 105, 172, 173
Wellcome Collection, London, under Creative Commons license (CC by 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0: pp. 69, 70, 77, 79, 80, 81, 87, 127, 133, 158–159, 160, 206, 207, 227
Wellcome Collection, London, under Public Domain Mark 1 (PDM 1.0) license: p.9
William Martin, Institut für Molekulare Evolution, Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf: p.231