The use of sandbags as a strength-training implement has increased dramatically in popularity in the last several years. They are versatile, can be dropped without causing significant damage or injuries, and, depending on the type of bag used, are relatively affordable. Many sandbags designed for fitness training are made of vinyl, canvas, or other rugged material and have handles sown into them that allow a variety of grips.
Sand provides a unique training stimulus when compared with traditional forms of resistance training. As sandbags are moved or lifted, the sand inside shifts. The shifting creates a dynamic, or active, form of resistance similar to what is experienced in many sports, especially those that are combative in nature or require redirecting an opponent’s body mass (e.g., American football, rugby). In contrast to barbell and dumbbells, sandbags create an uneven disbursement of weight when moved. This off-center loading makes sandbags excellent tools for improving balance, coordination, body awareness, and muscular fitness.
The amount of active resistance presented by sand-filled implements varies not only by size and weight but also by construction. Many sandbags are relatively pliable, which allows the sand within the implement to shift position. But after the bags are in position, they may act as a sort of dead weight. Sand-filled tubes are a bit more dynamic than sand-filled bags for two reasons. First, the relatively greater amount of dead space within a tube encourages more movement. Second, the particles of sand bounce off the sides of the more solidly constructed tube, increasing the amount of kinetic energy, whereas the particles of sand within a bag are deadened as they work to reshape the sides of the bag. This difference in resistance must be accounted for when determining training load. Most people can lift more weight when using bags than tubes because after the bags are in position they tend to be more stable.
Sandbags lend themselves well to performing a wide variety of basic and more complex exercises. After perfecting the basic exercises, you can add more elements to your routine by combining exercises to make combination movements. For example, the clean exercise can be combined with the front squat followed by the overhead press to create a total-body exercise. Another combination could involve performing a Romanian deadlift and immediately transitioning into a high pull or upright row. In table 9.1 you will find some combinations movements that work well together. Including complexes is another way to create a fun and challenging workout. Complexes consist of several (generally four to six) exercises performed in sequential order for a set number of repetitions before you move to the next exercise. Table 9.1 provides sample complex workouts that you can use after you have mastered basic exercise techniques and improved your fitness.
When creating various movement combinations, or complexes, a few key points should be considered.
The first group of exercises featured in this section focus on basic foundational movement patterns that will set the stage for more complex variations later. You need to master these exercises before moving on to the advanced sandbag exercises featured in this chapter or performing combination movements and complexes.
Romanian deadlifts improve lower-body muscular endurance and dynamic flexibility in the hamstrings, as well as develop trunk stability. Additionally, this exercise helps develop a basic hip hinge movement pattern that is essential for performing many basic and advanced level progressions.
This exercise improves lower-body and trunk muscular endurance and helps improve range of motion in the ankle, knees, and hips.
This multijoint exercise provides a sport-specific option for developing muscular endurance in the lower body.
This exercise improves lower-body muscular endurance, reduces strength and endurance discrepancies between the right and left legs, and enhances balance.
The in-place lunge is a progression to the split squat exercise previously described. This exercise improves lower-body muscular endurance, reduces strength and endurance discrepancies between the right and left legs, and improves balance. Additionally, it would be considered a sport-specific movement for those who participate in sports that require running or that require the legs to act in a reciprocating fashion.
The overhead press is a good exercise for developing upper-body muscular endurance, specifically within the shoulders and triceps.
The bent-over row is used primarily to strengthen the muscles of the upper back and increase trunk stability.
The upright row can be used to improve muscular endurance in the shoulders and trapezius muscles.
The following exercises are considered advanced because they require more skill, strength, or both skill and strength. Perform these exercises only after you have perfected the basic exercises in this chapter.
This exercise is excellent for improving shoulder stability and trunk stability while also enhancing lower-body muscular endurance.
Farmer’s walks are used primarily for developing trunk stability and grip strength. The dynamic shifting of the sand within the tubes creates active resistance similar to what many athletes experience during competition.
This exercise is a total-body agility and coordination drill that can be used to improve trunk stability and overall upper-body muscular endurance.
The Y press adds a rotational element to the overhead press and can be used to enhance trunk stability and mobility.
This exercise is great for improving balance and trunk and hip stability while using an off-center load.
This exercise helps improve trunk mobility and rotational power. This drill is a prerequisite to the squat and lift exercise.
This exercise looks similar to the upright row, but the sandbag high pull emphasizes greater speed of movement.
The sandbag push press is an effective exercise for training the shoulders and building total-body coordination and power.
Like the sandbag push press, this exercise is excellent for developing total-body coordination and power.
The sandbag clean is an advanced exercise that helps to improve total-body coordination and power.
This exercise provides asymmetrical loading, which helps to improve balance and trunk stability.
The introductory program is designed to familiarize you with using sandbags. This program requires you to learn how to adjust and shift your weight to control the active resistance created by the sandbags. You should perform this program twice a week. Because it is a circuit program, you perform each exercise for a specific time. Then, with as little rest as possible, you perform the next exercise. After you have performed each of the exercises, rest for one to two minutes and then do another round of the circuit. The introductory program is shown in table 9.2.