Chapter 9
Sandbags

The use of sandbags as a strength-training implement has increased dramatically in popularity in the last several years. They are versatile, can be dropped without causing significant damage or injuries, and, depending on the type of bag used, are relatively affordable. Many sandbags designed for fitness training are made of vinyl, canvas, or other rugged material and have handles sown into them that allow a variety of grips.

Sand provides a unique training stimulus when compared with traditional forms of resistance training. As sandbags are moved or lifted, the sand inside shifts. The shifting creates a dynamic, or active, form of resistance similar to what is experienced in many sports, especially those that are combative in nature or require redirecting an opponent’s body mass (e.g., American football, rugby). In contrast to barbell and dumbbells, sandbags create an uneven disbursement of weight when moved. This off-center loading makes sandbags excellent tools for improving balance, coordination, body awareness, and muscular fitness.

The amount of active resistance presented by sand-filled implements varies not only by size and weight but also by construction. Many sandbags are relatively pliable, which allows the sand within the implement to shift position. But after the bags are in position, they may act as a sort of dead weight. Sand-filled tubes are a bit more dynamic than sand-filled bags for two reasons. First, the relatively greater amount of dead space within a tube encourages more movement. Second, the particles of sand bounce off the sides of the more solidly constructed tube, increasing the amount of kinetic energy, whereas the particles of sand within a bag are deadened as they work to reshape the sides of the bag. This difference in resistance must be accounted for when determining training load. Most people can lift more weight when using bags than tubes because after the bags are in position they tend to be more stable.