Contents

Introduction: Why Should We, and How Should We, Reclaim Marx?

PART 1. MARXISM AND THE INTELLECTUALS

1.  Marxism in the Postcommunist World

2.  Can French Intellectuals Escape Marxism?

3.  The Frankfurt School and the Transformation of Critical Theory into Cultural Theory

4.  Habermas’s Reorientation of Critical Theory Toward Democratic Theory

5.  The Anticommunist Marxism of Socialisme ou Barbarie

6.  Claude Lefort’s Passage from Revolutionary Theory to Political Theory

7.  From Marx to Castoriadis, and from Castoriadis to Us

8.  From the Critique of Totalitarianism to the Politics of Democracy

PART 2. REPUBLICAN DEMOCRACY OR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICS

9.  The Burden of French History

10.  Intersecting Trajectories of Republicanism in France and the United States

11.  Reading U.S. History as Political

12.  Fundamentalism and the American Exception

PART 3. BACK TO MARX?

13.  Philosophy by Other Means?

Notes

Index