Author’s Note: Although there is a rich and relevant scholarly literature on the subjects covered in this book also in Hebrew and in German, French, and other European languages, we have selected the main sources in English for this bibliography. In a very few cases, German or French sources are cited when they are the only relevant references to a particular subject.
Reference encyclopedias:
I. The main archaeological sites in Israel and Jordan:
Stern, E. (editor). 1993. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem.
II. Bible entries:
Freedman, D. N. (editor). 1992. The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York.
III. The Ancient Near East:
Meyers, E. M. (editor). 1997. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York.
Sasson, J. M. (editor). 1995. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. London.
On the physical geography of Canaan/Israel:
Orni, E. and Efrat, E. 1971. Geography of Israel. Jerusalem.
On archaeological method:
Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P. 1991. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. London.
On the history of archaeological research in Palestine:
Silberman, N. A. 1982. Digging for God and Country: Exploration in the Holy Land 1799–1917. New York.
Introductory books on the archaeology of the Levant:
Ben-Tor, A. (editor). 1992. The Archaeology of Ancient Israel. New Haven.
Levy, T. E. (editor). 1995. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London.
Mazar, A. 1990. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible 10,000–586 B.C.E. New York.
Stern, E. 2001. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Vol. II: The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Periods 732–332 BCE. New York.
On the historical geography of the Land of Israel:
Aharoni, Y. 1979. The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography. Philadelphia.
Translation of ancient Near Eastern texts:
Pritchard, J. B. 1969. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Princeton.
On the Pentateuch:
Blenkinsopp, J. 1992. The Pentateuch: An Introduction to the First Five Books of the Bible. New York.
Friedman, R. E. 1987. Who Wrote the Bible? New York.
Gunkel, H. 1964. The Legends of Genesis. New York.
Noth, M. 1981. A History of Pentateuchal Traditions. Sheffield.
Van Seters, J. 1999. The Pentateuch: A Social-Science Commentary. Sheffield
Wellhausen, J. 1957. Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel. New York.
Whybray, R.N. 1987. The Making of the Pentateuch. Sheffield.
On the Deuteronomistic History:
I. General
McKenzie, S. L. and Graham, M. P. (editors). 1994. The History of Israel’s Traditions: The Heritage of Martin Noth. Sheffield.
Knoppers, G.N. and McConville, J. G. (editors). 2000. Reconsidering Israel and Judah: Recent Studies on the Deuteronomistic History. Winona Lake.
Rofé, A. 1991. Ephraimite versus Deuteronomistic History. In: Garrone, D. and Felice, I. (editors). Storia e tradizioni di Israele.
II. The German (Martin Noth) School:
Noth, M. 1981. The Deuteronomistic History. Sheffield.
III. The Harvard (Frank M. Cross) School:
Cross, F. M. 1973. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic. Cambridge, Mass.: 274–288.
Halpern, B. and Vanderhooft, D. 1991. The Editions of Kings in the 7th-6th Centuries B.C.E. Hebrew Union College Annual 62: 179–244.
McKenzie. S. L. 1991. The Trouble with Kings: The Composition of the Book of Kings in the Deuteronomistic History. Leiden.
Nelson, R. D. 1981. The Double Redaction of the Deuteronomistic History. Sheffield.
On the books of Chronicles:
Japhet, S. 1993. I & II Chronicles: A Commentary. London.
Noth, M. 1987. The Chronicler’s History. Sheffield.
Williamson, H. G. M. 1982. 1 and 2 Chronicles. London.
On historiography in the Bible:
Brettler, M. Z. 1995. The Creation of History in Ancient Israel. London.
Halpern, B. 1988. The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History. San Francisco.
Philips Long, V. (editor). 1999. Israel’s Past in Present Research, Essays on Ancient Israelite Historiography. Winona Lake.
Van Seters, J. 1983. In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History. New Haven.
On biblical chronology:
Cogan, M. 1992. Chronology. Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York.
Galil, G. 1996. The Chronology of the Kings of Israel and Judah. Leiden.
On the history of Israel:
I. Mainstream studies:
Alt, A. 1966. Essays on Old Testament History and Religion. Oxford.
Noth, M. 1965. The History of Israel. London.
Hayes, J. H. and Miller, M. J. 1977. Israelite and Judaean History. London.
Miller, M. J. and Hayes, J. H. 1986. A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. London.
De Vaux, R. 1978. The Early History of Israel. Philadelphia.
II. The Minimalist Approach:
Davies, P. 1992. In Search of ‘Ancient Israel’. Sheffield.
Lemche, N. P. 1994. Is it Still Possible to Write a History of Ancient Israel? Scandinavian Journal of Old Testament 8:165–190.
Thompson, T. L. 1992. Early History of the Israelite People. Leiden.
Thompson, T. L. 1999. The Mythic Past. New York.
On the Annales school:
Braudel, F. 1980. On History. London.
Febvre, L. 1973. A New Kind of History and Other Studies. New York.
On the book of Genesis:
See items in the Pentateuch bibliography to the Introduction.
Sarna, N. M. 1966. Understanding Genesis. New York.
Speiser, E. A. 1964. Genesis: Introduction, Translation, and Notes. Garden City.
On the J source:
See items in the Pentateuch bibliography to the Introduction.
Friedman, R. E. 1999. The Hidden Book in the Bible. San Francisco.
Van Seters, J. 1992. Prologue to History: The Yahwist as Historian in Genesis. Louisville.
On the E source:
Jenks, A. W. 1977. The Elohist and North Israelite Traditions. Missoula.
On the P source:
Haran, M. 1981. Behind the Scenes of History: Determining the Date of the Priestly Source. Journal of Biblical Literature 100: 321–333.
Hurvitz, A. 1988. Dating the Priestly Source in Light of the Historical Study of Biblical Hebrew a Century after Wellhausen. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 100: 88–99
General reviews of the patriarchal traditions:
Dever, W. G. and Clark, M. W. 1977. The Patriarchal Traditions. In: Hayes and Miller in the bibliography to the introduction: 70–148.
Hendel, R. S. 1995. Finding Historical Memories in the Patriarchal Narratives. Biblical Archaeology Review 21/4: 52–59, 70–71.
McCarter, P. K. 1999. The Patriarchal Age: Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. In: Shanks, H. (editor). Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple. Washington, D.C.: 1–31.
Past theories on the historicity of the patriarchal traditions:
Albright, W. F. 1961. Abraham the Hebrew: A New Archaeological Interpretation. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 163: 36–54.
Gordon, C. H. 1964. Biblical Customs and the Nuzi Tablets. In: Campbell, E. F. and Freedman, D. N. (editors). The Biblical Archaeologist Reader. Volume II. Garden City: 21–33.
Mazar, B. 1986. The Early Biblical Period: Historical Studies. Jerusalem: 49–62.
De Vaux, R. 161–287. See the bibliography to the Introduction.
Critical studies of the patriarchal traditions:
Thompson, T. L. 1974. The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives: The Quest for the Historical Abraham. Berlin.
Van Seters, J. 1975. Abraham in History and Tradition. New Haven.
Redford, D. B. 1970. A Study of the Biblical Joseph Story. Leiden.
On the archaeology of Transjordan:
Bienkowski, P. (editor). 1992. Early Edom and Moab: The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan. Sheffield.
McDonald, B. and Younker, R.W. (editors). 1999. Ancient Ammon. Leiden.
On the early Arabs:
Ephal, I. 1982. The Ancient Arabs. Jerusalem.
On the conventional theory of Exodus in the Late Bronze Age:
Frerichs, E. S. and Lesko, L. H. (editors). 1997. Exodus: The Egyptian Evidence. Winona Lake.
Sarna, N. M. 1999. Israel in Egypt: The Egyptian Sojourn and the Exodus. In: Shanks, H. (editor). Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple. Washington: 33–54.
On Canaan in the Late Bronze Age:
Leonard, A. 1989. The Late Bronze Age. Biblical Archaeologist 52: 4–39.
Singer, I. 1994. Egyptians, Canaanites and Philistines in the Period of the Emergence of Israel. In: Finkelstein, I. and Naaman, N. (editors). From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem: 282–338.
Weinstein, J. M. 1981. The Egyptian Empire In Palestine: A Reassessment. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 241: 1–28.
On the survey along the international road in northern Sinai:
Oren, E. D. 1987. The “Ways of Horus” in North Sinai. In: Rainey, A. F. (editor). Egypt, Israel, Sinai: Archaeological and Historical Relationships in the Biblical Period. Tel Aviv: 69–119.
On the Delta of the Nile, the “Period of the Hyksos” and the Exodus:
Bietak, M. 1996. Avaris the Capital of the Hyksos: Recent Excavations at Tell el-Daba. London.
Redford, D. B. 1987. An Egyptological Perspective on the Exodus Narrative. In: Rainey, A. F. (editor). Egypt, Israel, Sinai: Archaeological and Historical Relationships in the Biblical Period. Tel Aviv: 137–161.
Redford, D. B. 1992. Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton: 98–122.
On the Delta in the Saite Period and the Exodus tradition:
See Redford, above: 408–469.
Commentaries on Exodus:
Propp, W. H. C. 1999. Exodus 1–18. New York.
Sarna, N. M. 1986. Exploring Exodus. New York
On the military conquest theory:
Albright, W. F. 1939. The Israelite Conquest of Canaan in the Light of Archaeology. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 74: 11–23.
Kaufman, Y. 1953. The Biblical Account of the Conquest of Palestine. Jerusalem.
Malamat, A. 1976. Conquest of Canaan: Israelite Conduct of War according to Biblical Tradition. Encyclopedia Judaica Year Book 1975/6: 166–182.
Wright, G. E. 1940. Epic of Conquest. Biblical Archaeologist 3: 25–40.
Yadin, Y. 1979. The Transition from a Semi-Nomadic to a Sedentary Society in the Twelfth Century BCE. In: Cross, F.M. (editor). Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Foundation of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1900–1975). Cambridge: 57–68.
Yadin, Y. 1982. Is the Biblical Account of the Israelite Conquest of Canaan Historically Reliable? Biblical Archaeology Review 8: 16–23.
On the current excavations of Hazor:
Ben-Tor, A. 1998. The Fall of Canaanite Hazor—the “Who” and “When” Questions. In: Gitin, S., Mazar, A. and Stern, E. 1998. Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. Jerusalem: 456–467.
Critique of the military conquest theory:
Finkelstein, I. 1988. The Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement. Jerusalem: 295–302.
On etiological stories in Joshua:
Noth, M. 1935. Bethel und Ai. Palästinajahrbuch 31: 7–29.
Noth, M. 1937. Die fünf Könige in der Höhle von Makkeda. Palästinajahrbuch33: 22–36.
Rationalization of the negative evidence regarding the Conquest of Canaan:
Albright, above: 16.
Glueck, N. 1959. Rivers in the Desert. New York: 114
On the biblical narrative of the Conquest:
Nelson, R. D. 1997. Joshua: A Commentary. Louisville.
Nelson, R. D. 1981. Josiah in the Book of Joshua. Journal of Biblical Literature 100: 531–540.
On the Sea Peoples:
Dothan, T. 1982. The Philistines and Their Material Culture. Jerusalem.
Dothan, T. and Dothan, M. 1992. People of the Sea. New York.
Oren, E. D. (editor). 2000. The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment. Philadelphia.
Singer, in the bibliography to Chapter 2.
Stager, L. E. 1995. The Impact of the Sea Peoples (1185–1050 BCE). In: Levy, T. E. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London: 332–348.
On the date of the end of the Late Bronze Age:
Ussishkin, D. 1985. Levels VII and VI at Tel Lachish and the End of the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. In: Tubb, J. N. (editor). Palestine in the Bronze and Iron Ages: Papers in Honour of Olga Tufnell. London: 213–228.
Ussishkin, D. 1995. The Destruction of Megiddo at the End of the Late Bronze Age and Its Historical Significance. Tel Aviv 22: 240–267.
On the crisis years at the end of the Late Bronze Age:
Gitin, S., Mazar, A. and Stern, E. 1998. Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. Jerusalem.
Ward, W. A. and Sharp Joukowsky, M. (editors). 1992. The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. From Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque.
On Canaan in the Amarna period in particular and the Late Bronze Age in general:
See above, in the bibliography to Chapter 2.
Finkelstein, I. 1996. The Territorio-Political System of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age, Ugarit-Forschungen 28: 221–255.
Naaman, N. 1997. The Network of Canaanite Late Bronze Kingdoms and the City of Ashdod. Ugarit-Forschungen 29: 599–626.
Singer in the bibliography to Chapter 2.
On the Peaceful Infiltration theory:
Alt, A. 1966. Essays on Old Testament History and Religion. Oxford: 135–139.
Alt, A. 1953. Kleine Schriften zur Geschichte des Volkes Israel, I. München: 256–273.
Aharoni, Y. 1976. Nothing Early and Nothing Late. Re-writing Israel’s Conquest. Biblical Archaeologist 39: 55–76.
On the Peasant Revolt theory:
Mendenhall, G. E. 1962. The Hebrew Conquest of Palestine. Biblical Archaeologist 25: 66–87.
Gottwald, N. K. 1979. The Tribes of Yahweh. New York.
Current views on the rise of early Israel:
Coote, R. B. and Whitelam, K. W. 1987. The Emergence of Early Israel in Historical Perspective. Sheffield.
Dever, W. G. 1995. Ceramics, Ethnicity, and the Question of Israel’s Origins. Biblical Archaeologist 58: 200–13.
Finkelstein in the bibliography to Chapter 3, The Archaeology.
Finkelstein, I. 1995. The Great Transformation: The ‘Conquest’ of the Highlands Frontiers and the Rise of the Territorial States. In: Levy, T. E. (editor). The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London: 349–365.
Finkelstein, I. 1996. Ethnicity and Origin of the Iron I Settlers in the Highlands of Canaan: Can the Real Israel Stand Up? Biblical Archaeologist 59: 198–212.
Finkelstein, I. and Naaman, N. (editors). 1994. From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem.
Lemche, N. P. 1985. Early Israel. Leiden.
Stager, L. E. 1985. The Archaeology of the Family in Ancient Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 260: 1–35.
On the Apiru and the Shosu:
Giveon, R. 1971. Les bédouins Shosou des documents égyptiens. Leiden.
Greenberg, M. 1955. The Hab/piru. New Haven.
Rowton, M. B. 1976. Dimorphic Structure and the Problem of the Apiru-Ibrim. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 35: 13–20.
Naaman, N. 1986. Habiru and Hebrews: The Transfer of a Social Term to the Literary Sphere. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45: 271–288.
Rainey, A. F. 1995. Unruly Elements in Late Bronze Canaanite Society. In: Wright, D.P., Freedman, D.N. and Hurvitz, A. (editors). Pomegranates and Golden Bells. Winona Lake: 481–496.
Ward, W. A. 1972. The Shasu “Bedouin”. Notes on a Recent Publication. Journal of the Economy and Social History of the Orient 15: 35–60.
Commentary on the book of Judges:
Boling, R. G. 1975. Judges. New York.
Commentaries on the books of Samuel and I Kings:
McCarter, K. P. 1980. I Samuel. Garden City.
McCarter, K. P. 1984. II Samuel. Garden City.
Gray, J. 1970. I and II Kings, A Commentary. London.
On the united monarchy, David and Solomon:
Fritz, V. and Davies, P. 1996. The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States. Sheffield.
Halpern, B. 2001. David’s Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King. Grand Rapids.
Handy, L. K. (editor) 1997. The Age of Solomon. Leiden.
Knauf, E. A. 1991. King Solomon’s Copper Supply. In: Lipinski, E. (editor). Phoenicia and the Bible. Leuven: 167–186.
Niemann, H. M. 2000. Megiddo and Solomon—A Biblical Investigation in Relation to Archaeology. Tel Aviv 27: 59–72.
The “minimalist” view on the united monarchy:
See in the bibliography to the Introduction
The conventional theory on the archaeology of the United Monarchy:
Dever, W. G. 1990. Recent Archaeological Discoveries and Biblical Research. Seattle: 85–117.
Kenyon, K. 1971. Royal Cities of the Old Testatment. New York: 53–70.
Mazar, A. 1997. Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein. Levant 29: 155–165.
Ussishkin, D. 1973. King Solomon’s Palaces. Biblical Archaeologist 36: 78–105.
Yadin, Y. 1970. Megiddo of the Kings of Israel. Biblical Archaeologist 33: 66–96.
Yadin, Y. 1972. Hazor. London: 147–164.
Yadin, Y. 1975. Hazor: The Discovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible. London: 147–248.
On the “Low Chronology” for the Iron Age strata:
Finkelstein, I. 1996. The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternative View. Levant 28:177–187.
Finkelstein, I. 1998. Bible Archaeology or Archaeology of Palestine in the Iron Age? A Rejoinder. Levant 30:167–174.
On the settlement patterns in Judah:
Ofer, A. 1994. ‘All the Hill Country of Judah’: From Settlement Fringe to a Prosperous Monarchy. In: Finkelstein, I. and Naaman, N. (editors). From Nomadism to Monarchy, Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem: 92–121.
On Jerusalem in the period of the united monarchy:
Cahill, J. 1998. David’s Jerusalem, Fiction or Reality? The Archaeological Evidence Proves it. Biblical Archaeology Review 24/4: 34–41.
Steiner, M. 1998. David’s Jerusalem, Fiction or Reality? It’s Not There: Archaeology Proves a Negative. Biblical Archaeology Review 24/4: 26–33, 62.
Ussishkin, D. Forthcoming. Solomon’s Jerusalem: The Text and the Facts on the Ground. Tel Aviv.
Knauf, E. A. 2000. Jerusalem in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Periods: A Proposal. Tel Aviv 27: 73–89.
On the Tel Dan inscription:
Biran, A. and Naveh, J. 1995. The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment. Israel Exploration Journal 45: 1–18.
Halpern, B. 1994. The Stela from Dan: Epigraphic and Historical Considerations. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 296:63–80.
Lemaire, A. 1998. The Tel Dan Stela as a Piece of Royal Historiography. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 81: 3–14.
Schniedewind, W. M. 1996. Tel Dan Stela: New Light on Aramaic and Jehu’s Revolt. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 302:75–90.
Yamada, S. 1995. Aram-Israel Relations as Reflected in the Aramaic Inscription from Tel Dan. Ugarit-Forschungen 27:611–625.
On the Philistines:
See bibliography on the Sea Peoples in Chapter 3 above.
On North vs. South in the central hill country during the millennia:
See Finkelstein 1995 in the bibliography to Chapter 4.
On the hill country in the Amarna period:
See Finkelstein 1996 and Naaman 1997 in the bibliography to Chapter 3 above.
Naaman, N. 1992. Canaanite Jerusalem and its Central Hill Country Neighbours in the Second Millennium B.C.E. Ugarit-Forschungen 24: 277–291.
On state formation in the Levant:
Finkelstein, I. 1999. State Formation in Israel and Judah: A Contrast in Context, A Contrast in Trajectory. Near Eastern Archaeology 62: 35–52.
Marfoe, L. 1979. The Integrative Transformation: Patterns of Socio-political Organization in Southern Syria. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 234: 1–42.
On the campaign of Pharaoh Shishak:
Kitchen, K. A. 1973. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt. Warminster: 293–300.
Mazar in the bibliography to Chapter 1: 139–150.
Commentary on II Kings:
Cogan, M. and Tadmor, H. 1988. II Kings. Garden City.
On the Mesha stele:
Dearman, J. A. (editor). 1989. Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab. Atlanta.
Naaman, N. 1997. King Mesha and the Foundation of the Moabite Monarchy. Israel Exploration Journal 47: 83–92.
Smelik, K. A. D. 1992. Converting the Past, Studies in Ancient Israelite and Moabite Historiography. Leiden: 59–92.
On the Tel Dan inscription:
See the bibliography to Chapter 5.
On Samaria:
See Kenyon, Royal Cities, the bibliography to Chapter 5.
On ninth century Megiddo and Hazor according to Yadin:
Yadin’s items in the bibliography to Chapter 5.
On the Iron II water systems:
Shiloh, Y. 1992. Underground Water Systems in the Land of Israel in the Iron Age. In: Kempinski, A. and Reich, R. (editors). The Architecture of Ancient Israel from the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods. Jerusalem: 275–293.
On the bit-hilani palaces:
See Ussishkin, King Solomon’s Palaces, in the bibliography to Chapter 5.
On Jezreel:
Naaman, N. 1997. Historical and Literary Notes on the Excavations of Tel Jezreel. Tel Aviv 24: 122–128.
Ussishkin, D. and Woodhead, J. 1992. Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1990–1991: Preliminary Report, Tel Aviv 19: 3–56.
Ussishkin, D. and Woodhead, J. 1994. Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1992–1993: Second Preliminary Report, Levant 26: 1–71.
Ussishkin, D. and Woodhead, J. 1997. Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1994–1996: Third Preliminary Report, Tel Aviv 24: 6–72.
Williamson, H. G. M. 1991. Jezreel in the Biblical Texts. Tel Aviv 18: 72–92.
Zimhoni, O. 1997. Studies in the Iron Age Pottery of Israel: Typological, Archaeological and Chronological Aspects. Tel Aviv: 13–56.
On Proto-Aeolic capitals:
Shiloh, Y. 1979. The Proto-Aeolic Capital and Israelite Ashlar Masonry (Qedem 11). Jerusalem.
Olivier, H. 1983. In Search of a Capital for the Northern Kingdom, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 11: 117–132.
Schulte, H. 1994. The End of the Omride Dynasty: Social-Ethical Observations on the Subject of Power and Violence. In: Knight, D. A. (editor). Ethics and Politics in the Hebrew Bible. Atlanta: 133–148.
Timm, S. 1982. Die Dynastie Omri. Göttingen.
Williamson, H. G. M. 1996. Tel Jezreel and the Dynasty of Omri, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 128: 41–51.
On the representation of the Omrides in the Deuteronomistic History:
Ishida, T. 1975. The House of Ahab, Israel Exploration Journal 25: 135–137.
Whitley, C. F. 1952. The Deuteronomic Presentation of the House of Omri, Vetus Testamentum 2: 137–152.
On Aram Damascus and the Arameans:
Dion, P.-E. 1997. Les araméens à l’âge du fer. Paris.
Lipinski, E. 2000. The Arameans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Leuven.
Pitard, W. T. 1987. Ancient Damascus. Winona Lake.
On Hazael and his war against Israel:
Lemaire, A. 1991. Hazaël de Damas, roi d’Aram. In: Charpin, D. and Joannès, F. (editors). Marchands, diplomates et empereurs. Paris: 91–108.
See bibliography on the Dan Stele in Chapter 5.
On Hazor and the north in the Iron Age II:
Finkelstein, I. 1999. Hazor and the North in the Iron Age: A Low Chronology Perspective. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 314: 55–70.
On the excavations of Dan and Bethsaida:
Biran, A. 1994. Biblical Dan. Jerusalem.
Arav, R., Freund, R.A. and Shroder, J.F. 2000. Bethsaida Rediscovered: Long Lost City Found North of Galilee Shore. Biblical Archaeology Review 26/1: 45–56.
On the Samaria ostraca:
Lemaire, A. 1977. Inscriptions hébraiques I: Les ostraca. Paris.
Rainey, A. F. 1967. The Samaria Ostraca in the Light of Fresh Evidence. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 99: 32–41.
Shea, W.H. 1977. The Date and Significance of the Samaria Ostraca. Israel Exploration Journal 27: 16–27.
On the population of Iron II Israel and Judah:
Broshi, M. and Finkelstein, I. 1992. The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 287: 47–60.
On the Megiddo “stables”:
Davies, A. I. 1988. Solomonic Stables at Megiddo After All? Palestine Exploration Quarterly 120: 130–141.
Herr, L. G. 1988. Tripartite Pillared Buildings and the Market Place in Iron Age Palestine. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 272: 47–67.
Herzog, Z. 1973. The Storehouses. In: Aharoni, Y. (editor). Beer-sheba I. Tel Aviv: 23–30.
Pritchard, J. B. 1970. The Megiddo Stables: A Reassessment. In: Sanders, J. A. (editor). Near Eastern Archaeology in the Twentieth Century. Garden City: 268–275.
Yadin, Y. 1976. The Megiddo Stables. Magnalia Dei: the Mighty Acts of God. Essays on the Bible and Archaeology in Memory of G.E. Wright. Garden City: 249–252.
On the Assyrian “horse lists”:
Dalley, S. 1985. Foreign Chariotry and Cavalry in the Armies of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II. Iraq 47: 31–48.
On the Samaria ivories:
Crowfoot, J. W. and Crowfoot, G. M. 1938. Early Ivories from Samaria. London.
On the Assyrian campaigns:
Tadmor, H. 1966. Philistia under Assyrian Rule. Biblical Archaeologist 29: 86–102.
On the fall of Samaria:
Becking, B. 1992. The Fall of Samaria. Leiden.
Naaman, N. 1990. The Historical Background to the Conquest of Samaria (720 BC). Biblica 71: 206–225.
On the deportation of the Israelites:
Naaman, N. 1993. Population Changes in Palestine Following Assyrian Deportations. Tel Aviv 20: 104–124.
Oded, B. 1979. Mass Deportations and Deportees in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Wiesbaden.
Younger, L. K. 1998. The Deportations of the Israelites. Journal of Biblical Literature 117: 201–227.
On the rise of Judah in the eighth century:
Jamieson-Drake, D. W. 1991. Scribes and Schools in Monarchic Judah: A Socio-Archaeological Approach. Sheffield.
Finkelstein 1999 in the bibliography to Chapter 6.
Finkelstein, I. 2001. The Rise of Jerusalem and Judah: The Missing Link. Levant 33: 105–115.
On Ahaz in history and in the Deuteronomistic History:
Naaman, N. 1995. The Deuteronomist and Voluntary Servitude to Foreign Powers. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 65: 37–53.
Nelson, R. D. 1986. The Altar of Ahaz: A Revisionist View. Hebrew Annual Review 10: 267–276.
Smelik, K. A. D. 1997. The New Altar of King Ahaz (2 Kings 16); Deuteronomistic Reinterpretation of a Cult Reform. In: Vervenne, M. and Lust, J. (editors). Deuteronomy and Deuteronomic Literature. Leuven: 263–278.
Tadmor, H. and Cogan, M. 1979. Ahaz and Tiglath-Pileser in the Book of Kings: Historio-graphic Considerations. Biblica 60: 491–508.
On the dating of the list of cities fortified by Rehoboam:
Naaman, N. 1986. Hezekiah’s Fortified Cities and the LMLK Stamps. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 261: 5–21
Fritz, V. 1981. The ‘List of Rehoboam’s Fortresses’ in 2 Chr. 11:5–12—A Document from the Time of Josiah. Eretz-Israel 15: 46–53.
On Iron Age II inscriptions, including seals:
Avigad, N. and Sass, B. 1997. Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Jerusalem.
McCarter, K. P. 1996. Ancient Inscriptions: Voices from the Biblical World. Washington.
Naveh, J. 1982. Early History of the Alphabet. Leiden.
On mass production of pottery in Iron II Judah:
Zimhoni, Studies in Iron Age Pottery in the bibliography to Chapter 7: 57–178.
On the settlement history of Judah:
Ofer in the bibliography to Chapter 5.
On the similarity between Late Bronze and early Iron Age Jerusalem:
Naaman, N. 1996. The Contribution of the Amarna Letters to the Debate on Jerusalem’s Political Position in the Tenth Century B.C.E. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304:17–27.
On the religion of Judah:
Ackerman, S. 1992. Under Every Green Tree: Popular Religion in Sixth Century Judah. Atlanta.
Albertz, R. 1994. A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period. Louisville.
Miller, P. D. 2000. Israelite Religion and Biblical Theology. Sheffield.
Smith, M. 1971. Palestinian Parties and Politics that Shaped the Old Testament. New York.
On the expansion of Jerusalem in the eighth century:
Avigad, N. 1984. Discovering Jerusalem. Oxford: 31–60.
Broshi, M. 1974. The Expansion of Jerusalem in the Reigns of Hezekiah and Manasseh. Israel Exploration Journal 24: 21–26.
On the Jerusalem Iron Age II cemeteries:
Barkay, G. and Kloner, A. 1986. Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical Archaeology Review 12/2: 22–39.
Ussishkin, D. 1993. The Village of Silwan: The Necropolis from the Period of the Judean Kingdom. Jerusalem.
On the religious reform of Hezekiah:
Naaman, N. 1995. The Debated Historicity of Hezekiah’s Reform in the Light of Historical and Archaeological Research. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 107: 179–195.
Rosenbaum, J. 1979. Hezekiah’s Reform and the Deuteronomistic Tradition. Harvard Theological Review 72: 23–43.
On the possibility of an early Deuteronomistic History in the time of Hezekiah:
Halpern and Vanderhooft in the bibliography to the introduction.
Provan, I. W. 1988. Hezekiah and the Books of Kings: A Contribution to the Debate about the Composition of the Deuteronomistic History. Berlin.
On Hezekiah’s revolt:
Halpern, B. 1991. Jerusalem and the Lineages in the Seventh Century BCE: Kinship and the Rise of Individual Moral Liability. In: Halpern, B. and Hobson, D. W. (editors). Law and Ideology in Monarchic Israel. Sheffield: 11–107.
Naaman, N. 1994. Hezekiah and the Kings of Assyria. Tel Aviv 21: 235–254.
On the foreign relations of Judah in the Days of Hezekiah and Manasseh:
Evans, C. D. 1980. Judah’s Foreign Policy from Hezekiah to Josiah. In: Evans, C. D., Hallo, W. W. and White, J. B. (editors). Scripture in Context: Essays on the Comparative Method. Pittsburgh: 157–178.
Nelson, R. 1983. Realpolitik in Judah (687–609 B.C.E.). In: Hallo, W. W., Moyer, J. C. and Perdue, L. G. (editors). Scripture in Context II: More Essays on the Comparative Method. Winona Lake: 177–189.
On the westward expansion of Jerusalem:
See Avigad and Broshi in the bibliography to Chapter 9.
On Lachish and its conquest by Sennacherib:
Ussishkin, D. 1982. The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib. Tel Aviv.
On the LMLK storage jars and Hezekiah’s administration:
Naaman, N. 1979. Sennacherib’s Campaign to Judah and the Date of the LMLK Stamps. Vetus Testamentum 29: 61–86.
Ussishkin, D. 1977. The Destruction of Lachish by Sennacherib and the Dating of the Royal Judean Storage Jars. Tel Aviv 4: 28–60.
Vaughn, A. G. 1999. Theology, History, and Archaeology in the Chronicler’s Account of Hezekiah. Atlanta.
On the days of Manasseh:
Finkelstein, I. 1994. The Archaeology of the Days of Manasseh. In: Coogan, M. D., Exum, J. C. and Stager, L. E. (editors), Scripture and Other Artifacts: Essays on the Bible and Archaeology in Honor of Philip J. King. Louisville: 169–187.
On the biblical evaluation of Manasseh:
Ben-Zvi, E. 1991. The Account of the Reign of Manasseh in II Reg 21:1–18 and the Redactional History of the Book of Kings. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 103: 355–374.
Eynikel, E. 1997. The Portrait of Manasseh and the Deuteronomistic History. In: Vervene, M. and Lust, J. (editors). Deuteronomy and Deuteronomic Literature. Leuven: 233–261.
Halpern, B. 1998. Why Manasseh was Blamed for the Babylonian Exile: The Revolution of a Biblical Tradition. Vetus Testamentum 48: 473–514.
Schniedewind, W. M. 1991. The Source Citations of Manasseh: King Manasseh in History and Homily. Vetus Testamentum 41: 450–461.
Van Keulen, P. 1996. Manasseh through the Eyes of the Deuteronomists. Leiden.
On the prosperity in the south in the seventh century:
Finkelstein, I. 1992. Horvat Qitmit and the Southern Trade in the Late Iron Age II. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 108: 156–170.
Bienkowski, in the bibliography to Chapter 1, various articles.
On the Tel Miqne oil production:
Eitam, D. and Shomroni, A. 1987. Research of the Oil Industry during the Iron Age at Tel Miqne. In: Heltzer, M. and Eitam, D. (editors). Olive Oil in Antiquity. Haifa: 37–56.
Gitin, S. 1987. Tel Miqne-Ekron in the 7th C. BC: City Plan, Development and the Oil Industry. In: Heltzer, M. and Eitam, D. (editors). Olive Oil in Antiquity. Haifa: 81–97.
On the evaluation of the kings of Judah in late-monarchic times:
Naaman 1994 above.
Schniedewind, W. 1999. Society and the Promise to David. Oxford.
On Josiah and his reform in the Deuteronomistic History:
Eynikel, E. 1996. The Reform of King Josiah and the Composition of the Deuteronomistic History. Leiden.
Laato, A. 1992. Josiah and David Redivivus: The Historical Josiah and the Messianic Expectations of Exilic and Postexilic Times. Stockholm.
Lohfink, N. 1987. The Cult Reform of Josiah: 2 Kings 22–23 as a Source for the History of Israelite Religion. In: Miller, P. D., Hanson, P. D. and McBride, S. D. (editors). Ancient Israelite Religion. Philadelphia: 459–475.
Naaman, N. 1991. The Kingdom of Judah under Josiah. Tel Aviv 18:3–71.
Talshir, Z. 1996. The Three Deaths of Josiah and the Strata of Biblical Historiography (2 Kings XXIII 29–30; 2 Chronicles XXXV 20–5; 1 Esdras I 23–31). Vetus Testamentum 46: 213–236.
On the book of Deuteronomy:
Tigay, J. 1996. Deuteronomy. Philadelphia.
Von Rad in the bibliography to the Introduction.
Von Rad, G. 1966. Deuteronomy: A Commentary. London.
Weinfeld, M. 1972. Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School. Oxford.
On the international scene in the last decades of the history of Judah:
Malamat, A. 1973. Josiah’s Bid for Armageddon. Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society 5: 267–279.
Malamat, A. 1988. The Kingdom of Judah between Egypt and Babylon: A Small State within a Great Power Confrontation. In: Classen, W. (editor). Text and Context. Sheffield: 117–129.
On Egypt and the Levant in the days of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty:
Redford, Egypt and Canaan, in the bibliography to Chapter 2.
On Dtr 1:
See bibliography to the Introduction.
On iconism and aniconism in ancient Israel:
Keel, O. and Uehlinger, C. 1998. Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God in Ancient Israel. Edinburgh.
Mettinger, T. 1995. No Graven Image? Israelite Aniconism in Its Ancient Near Eastern Context. Lund.
On Dtr2:
See bibliography on the Deuteronomistic History (the Harvard School) in the introduction, especially Halpern and Vanderhooft.
See the items on King Manasseh in the bibliography to Chapter 10.
On the Babylonian period:
Lipschits, O. Forthcoming. The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem.
Vanderhooft, D. S. 1999. The Neo-Babylonian Empire and Babylon in the Latter Prophets. Atlanta.
On the last four verses in the book of Kings (the release of Jehoiachin from jail):
Becking, B. 1990. Jehoiachin’s Amnesty, Salvation for Israel? Notes on 2 Kings 25, 27–30. In: Brekelmans, C. and Lust, J. (editors). Pentateuchal and Deuteronomistic Studies. Leuven: 283–293.
Levenson, J. D. 1984. The Last Four Verses in Kings. Journal of Biblical Literature. 103: 353–361.
Von Rad in the bibliography to the introduction.
On the myth of the empty land and the settlement and demography of Yehud:
Barstad, H. M. 1996. The Myth of the Empty Land. Oslo.
Carter, C. E. 1999. The Emergence of Yehud in the Persian Period. Sheffield.
On the province of Yehud and the emergence of Second Temple Judaism:
Berquist, J. L. 1995. Judaism in Persia’s Shadow. Minneapolis.
Davies, P. R. (editor). 1991. Second Temple Studies 1. The Persian Period. Sheffield.
Eskenazi, T. C. and Richards, K. H. (editors). 1994. Second Temple Studies 2. Temple and Community in the Persian Period. Sheffield.
Hanson, P. D. 1987. Israelite Religion in the Early Postexilic Period. In: Miller, P. D., Hanson, P. D. and McBride, S. D. (editors). Ancient Israelite Religion. Philadelphia: 485–508.
Williamson, H. 1998. Judah and the Jews. In: Brosius, M. and Kuhrt, A. (editors). Studies in Persian History: Essays in Memory of David M. Lewis. Leiden: 145–163.
On the material culture of the Persian period in general and the province of Yehud in particular:
Stern, E. 1982. Material Culture of the Land of the Bible in the Persian Period, 538–332 B.C. Warminster.
On exilic and post-exilic realities behind the Pentateuchal narratives:
Clines, D. J. A. 1997. The Theme of the Pentateuch. Sheffield.
Hoffman, Y. 1998. The Exodus—Tradition and Reality. The Status of the Exodus Tradition in Ancient Israel. In: Shirun-Grumach, I. (editor). Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology. Wiesbaden: 193–202.
Van Seters 1975, in the bibliography for Chapter 1.