NOTES
 
1. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE TRANSGENDER?
  1.  I first did this exercise during an educational training at the YES Institute in Miami, Florida, in January 2009. See http://www.yesinstitute.org.
  2.  “Sex,” Def. 1, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2009, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sex.
  3.  “Gender,” Def. 2b, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2009, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gender.
  4.  “Binary,” Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2009, http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/binary.
  5.  “Terminology,” University of Minnesota Transgender Commission, March 11, 2008, http://glbta.umn.edu/trans/terms.html.
  6.  World Professional Association of Transgender Health, The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, 6th version (Minneapolis: WPATH, 2005).
  7.  Human Rights Campaign, “Transgender Population and Number of Transgender Employees,” 2009, http://www.hrc.org/issues/9598.htm.
2. SEXUAL ORIENTATION VERSUS GENDER
  1.  Kinsey Institute, “Kinsey’s Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale,” revised 2009, http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/resources/ak-hhscale.html.
  2.  Alfred Kinsey, Wardell R. Pomeroy, and Clyde E. Martin, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Philadelphia: Saunders, 1948); Alfred Kinsey, Wardell R. Pomeroy, Clyde E. Martin, and P. Gebhard, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (Philadelphia: Saunders, 1953).
  3.  Annamarie Jagose and Don Kulick, “Thinking Sex/Thinking Gender,” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 10, no. 2 (2004): 211.
  4.  Pagan Kennedy, The First Man-Made Man (New York: Bloomsbury, 2008).
  5.  Judith Halberstam, “Transgender Butch: Butch/FTM Border Wars and the Masculine Continuum,” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4, no. 2 (1998): 287–310.
  6.  Angela Pattatucci Aragón, “Introduction: Challenging Lesbian Normativity,” in Angela Pattatucci Aragón, ed., Challenging Lesbian Norms, pp. 8–10 (Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park).
  7.  Associated Press, “No Charges in Uncertain-Gender Wedding,” June 30, 2008.
3. COMING OUT AS TRANSGENDER
  1.  Deana F. Morrow, “Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents,” in Deana F. Morrow and Lori Messenger, eds., Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice, 184 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006).
  2.  Arlene Istar Lev, Transgender Emergence (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Clinical Practice), 243.
  3.  José B. Ashford, Craig Winston LeCroy, and Kathy L. Lortie, Human Behavior in the Social Environment (Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/ Cole, 2006), 304–305.
  4.  Jennifer Finney Boylan, She’s Not There: A Life in Two Genders (New York: Broadway Books, 2003), 216–217.
  5.  Jennifer Finney Boylan, “‘Maddy’ Just Might Work After All,” New York Times, April 26, 2009.
  6.  Lev, Transgender Emergence, 312.
  7.  Mildred L. Brown and Chloe Ann Rounsley, True Selves (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1996), 148.
  8.  Ibid., 150.
  9.  Stephanie G., The Agony of Nurturing the Spirit (Philadelphia: Parents, Family, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays of Philadelphia, 2006), 3–5.
10. Stephanie Brill and Rachel Pepper, The Transgender Child (San Francisco: Cleis, 2008), 61–62.
11. Ibid., 12.
12. Venessia Romero and Joseph Romero, personal interview, September 14, 2009.
4. TRANSITION
  1.  Autumn Sandeen, personal interview, July 9, 2009.
  2.  Matt Kailey, personal interview, September 26, 2009.
  3.  Louis J. Gooren and Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal, “Hormone Treatment of Adult and Juvenile Transsexual Patients,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 77.
  4.  Ibid.
  5.  Marshall Dahl, Jamie L. Feldman, Joshua M. Goldberg, and Afshin Jaberi, “Physical Aspects of Transgender Endocrine Therapy,” International Journal of Transgenderism 9, no. 3/4 (2006): 114.
  6.  Ibid., 113.
  7.  A. Evan Eyler, “Primary Medical Care of the Gender-Variant Patient,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 26.
  8.  Dahl et al., “Physical Aspects of Transgender Endocrine Therapy,” 114.
  9.  Ibid., 118.
10. Gooren and Delemarre-van de Waal, “Hormone Treatment of Adult and Juvenile Transsexual Patients,” 79.
11. Arlene Istar Lev, Transgender Emergence (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Clinical Practice, 2004), 262.
12. University of Michigan Health System, “Binding FAQ,” 2009, http://www.med.umich.edu/transgender/Binding%20FAQ.pdf.
13. Gooren and Delemarre-van de Waal, “Hormone Treatment of Adult and Juvenile Transsexual Patients,” 80.
14. Dahl et al., “Physical Aspects of Transgender Endocrine Therapy,” 118.
15. Ibid.
16. Stan Monstrey, Gennaro Selvaggi, and Peter Ceulemans, “Surgery: Male-to-Female Patient,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 120–122.
17. Gary Alter, “Penile Skin Inversion Technique,” 2004, http://www.altermd.com/Transsexual%20Surgery/male_to_female.htm.
18. Monstrey et al., “Surgery: Male-to-Female Patient,” 112–113.
19. Marci Bowers, “MTF: Trachea Shave,” 2010, http://www.marcibowers.com/grs/tracheal.html.
20. Stan Monstrey, Peter Ceulemans, and Peter Hoebeke, “Surgery: Female-to-Male Patient,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 153.
21. Ibid., 150.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., 153.
24. World Professional Association for Transgender Health, The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, 6th version (Minneapolis: WPATH, 2005).
25. World Professional Association for Transgender Health, “Criteria for Hormone Therapy,” in The Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People, 7th version (Minneapolis: WPATH, 2011), 34.
26. Ibid., 58–60.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., 26.
29. Ibid., 27–28.
30. Ibid., 28–29.
31. U.S. Department of State, “New Policy on Gender Change in Passports Announced,” June 9, 2010, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/06/142922.htm.
32. TransYouth Family Allies, “Puberty Inhibitors, Reviewed by Dr. Norman P. Spack, M.D.,” June 8, 2009.
33. Ibid.
5. THE HISTORY OF TRANSGENDERISM AND ITS EVOLUTION OVER TIME
  1.  Richard Ekins, “Science, Politics and Clinical Intervention: Harry Benjamin, Transsexualism and the Problem of Heteronormativity,” Sexualities 8, no. 3 (2005): 306.
  2.  Darryl B. Hill, “Dear Doctor Benjamin: Letters from Transsexual Youth (1963–1976),” International Journal of Transgenderism 10, no. 3/4 (2008): 150.
  3.  Leah Cahan Schaefer and Connie Christine Wheeler, “Harry Benjamin’s First Ten Cases (1938–1953): A Clinical Historical Note,” Archives of Sexual Behavior 24, no. 1 (1995): 73–93.
  4.  Arlene Istar Lev, Transgender Emergence (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Clinical Practice, 2004), 74.
  5.  Charles L. Ihlenfeld, “Harry Benjamin and Psychiatrists,” in Ubaldo Leli and Jack Drescher, eds., Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician’s Guide (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Medical, 2004), 148.
  6.  Hill, “Dear Doctor Benjamin,” 150.
  7.  Ibid., 169.
  8.  Ibid., 155.
  9.  Ihlenfeld, “Harry Benjamin and Psychiatrists,” 150.
10. Christine Jorgensen, Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography (New York: Paul S. Eriksson, 1967), 79.
11. Ekins, “Science, Politics and Clinical Intervention,” 150.
12. Jorgensen, Christine Jorgensen, 2.
13. Stan Monstrey, Gennaro Selvaggi, and Peter Ceulemans, “Surgery: Male-to-Female Patient,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 107.
14. Patricia Gherovici, Please Select Your Gender (New York: Routledge, 2010), 221;
15. Associated Press, “Bronx ‘Boy’ Is Now a Girl,” New York Times, December 2, 1952.
16. Joanne Meyerowitz, How Sex Changed (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), 212–213.
17. Ibid., 286.
18. Sanjida O’Connell, producer, Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis (BBC Horizon, 2004).
19. John Colapinto, “Gender Gap: What Were the Real Reasons Behind David Reimer’s Suicide?” Slate, June 3, 2004.
20. O’Connell, Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis.
21. Ibid.
22. John Colapinto, As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl (New York: Harper Collins, 2000), 56.
23. Ibid., 141.
24. O’Connell, Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis.
25. Colapinto, As Nature Made Him, 205–210.
26. O’Connell, Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis.
27. Colapinto, “Gender Gap,” 4.
28. Susan Stryker, Transgender History (Berkeley, CA: Seal, 2008), 39.
29. Ibid., 79–80.
30. Meyerowitz, How Sex Changed, 149.
31. Stryker, Transgender History, 83–85.
32. Metropolitan Community Church of New York Homeless Youth Services, “Sylvia’s Place,” http://www.homelessyouthservices.org/placetostay.html.
33. David W. Dunlap, “Sylvia Rivera, 50, Figure in Birth of the Gay Liberation Movement,” New York Times, February 20, 2002.
34. Stryker, Transgender History, 119.
35. FTM International, “FTM International Facts,” 2010, http://www.ftmi.org.
36. Stryker, Transgender History, 120.
37. Joan Roughgarden, Evolution’s Rainbow (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 23.
38. Ibid., 27–28.
39. Ibid.
40. Peter Buston, “Size and Growth Modification in Clownfish,” Nature 424 (2003): 145; Roughgarden, Evolution’s Rainbow, 33.
41. Roughgarden, Evolution’s Rainbow, 227.
42. Antony Thomas, Middle Sexes: Redefining He and She (HBO Films, 2005).
43. Michael G. Peletz, “Transgenderism and Gender Pluralism in Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times,” Current Anthropology 47, no. 2 (2006): 312.
44. Sam Winter, “Thai Transgenders in Focus: Demographics, Transitions and Identities,” International Journal of Transgenderism 9, no. 1 (2006): 17.
45. Pauline Park and John Manzon-Santos, “Issues of Transgendered Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders,” Asian and Pacific Islander Wellness Center, 2000, http://www.apiwellness.org/article_tg_issues.html.
46. Sandeep Bakshi, “A Comparative Analysis of Hijras and Drag Queens: The Subversive Possibilities and Limits of Parading Effeminacy and Negotiating Masculinity,” Journal of Homosexuality 46, no. 3/4 (2004): 214.
47. Leslie Feinberg, Transgender Warriors (Boston: Beacon, 1996), 44–45.
48. Ibid., 79.
49. Sabine Lang, Men as Women, Women as Men: Changing Gender in Native American Cultures (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998), 113.
50. Katherine Walker, “Two-Spirited and Proud,” CBC News Viewpoint, August 5, 2004.
51. NorthEast Two-Spirit Society, “Gender Roles of Two Spirit People,” 2010, http://www.ne2ss.org/history.
52. Wesley Thomas, “Navajo Cultural Constructions of Gender and Sexuality,” in Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Wesley Thomas, and Sabine Lang, eds., Two-Spirit People (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 161–163.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid., 165.
55. Carrie H. House, “Navajo Warrior Women,” in Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Wesley Thomas, and Sabine Lang, eds., Two-Spirit People (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 225.
56. Feinberg, Transgender Warriors, 106.
57. DeAnne Blanton, “Women Soldiers of the Civil War,” U.S. National Archives and Records Administration 25, no. 1 (1993): 1–11.
58. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, “They Fought Like Men … Irish Women in the Civil War” (Vicksburg: National Park Service, n.d.).
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid.
6. TRANSGENDERISM AS A MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
  1.  American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev. (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
  2.  American Psychiatric Association. “Gender Dysphoria.” DSM-5 Development. 2011, http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/GenderDysphoria.aspx).
  3.  Arlene Istar Lev, Transgender Emergence (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Clinical Practice, 2004), 158.
  4.  American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev., 581.
  5.  Ibid.
  6.  Intersex Society of North America, “What Is Intersex?” 2008, http://www.isna.org/faq/what_is_intersex.
  7.  American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev., 581.
  8.  This diagnosis was in draft state when this book was published; therefore, it was speculated that these changes would occur in the 2013 publication of the DSM-5, but the changes could not be confirmed.
  9.  American Psychiatric Association. “Gender Dysphoria.” DSM-5 Development. 2011, http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/GenderDysphoria.aspx.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Benjamin J. Sadock and Virginia A. Sadock, Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th ed. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007), 722.
16. Endocrine Society, “About Us,” 2009, http://www.endo-society.org/about/index.cfm.
17. Wylie C. Hembree et al., “Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94, no. 9 (2009): 3137.
18. There are people who may have borderline personality disorder and GID simultaneously; the same goes for dissociative identity disorder or other mental illnesses as well. In this section, I only discuss those who are screened to make sure that they have GID and not a different condition.
19. Alix Spiegel, “Two Families Grapple with Sons’ Gender Preferences,” All Things Considered, National Public Radio, May 7, 2008.
20. Randall Ehrbar, Kelley Winters, and Nick Gorton, “Revision Suggestions for Gender Related Diagnoses in the DSM and ICD,” presented at WPATH 2009 XXI Biennial Symposium, Oslo, Norway, June 19, 2009, http://www.gidreform.org/wpath2009EWG.html.
21. Kelley Winters, Gender Madness in American Psychiatry (Dillon, CO: GID Reform Advocates, 2008), 102.
22. Hembree et al., “Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons.”
23. Merriam-Webster Online Medical Dictionary, “Remission,” 2009, http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/remission.
24. Hembree et al., “Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons.”
25. American Medical Association House of Delegates, “Removing Financial Barriers to Care for Transgender Patients,” April 18, 2008, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/471/122.doc.
26. Agence France-Press, “La Transsexualité Ne Sera Plus Classée Comme Affectation Psychiatrique,” Le Monde Online, May 16, 2009.
27. Stanley R. Vance Jr., et al., “Opinions about the DSM Gender Identity Disorder Diagnosis: Results from an International Survey Administered to Organizations Concerned with the Welfare of Transgender People,” International Journal of Transgenderism 12, no. 1 (2010): 10.
28. American Psychological Association. “APA Policy Statement: Transgender, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression Non-Discrimination.” August 2008, http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/transgender.aspx.
29. Winters, Gender Madness in American Psychiatry, 150–151.
30. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev., 578.
31. Ibid.
7. DISCRIMINATION
  1.  National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, “State Nondiscrimination Laws in the U.S.,” 2009, http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/issue_maps/non_discrimination_7_09_color.pdf.
  2.  Kendall Thomas, “Afterword: Are Transgender Rights Inhuman Rights?” in Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, and Shannon Price Minter, eds., Transgender Rights (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006), 315.
  3.  Ben Pershing, “Senate Passes Measure That Would Protect Gays,” Washington Post, October 23, 2009.
  4.  Library of Congress, “H.R. 2017 CRS Summary,” Bill Summary and Status, 111th Congress (2009–2010).
  5.  Jennifer L. Levi and Bennett H. Klein, “Pursuing Protection for Transgender People Through Disability Laws,” in Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, and Shannon Price Minter, eds., Transgender Rights (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006), 80.
  6.  Shannon Minter, personal interview, October 6, 2010.
  7.  Dylan Forest, “A Boy in the Girls’ Bathroom,” in David Levithan and Billy Merrell, eds., The Full Spectrum: A New Generation of Writing about Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Questioning, and Other Identities (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), 123.
  8.  Sharon Ortiz, State of Washington Human Rights Commission, letter to Lisa Mottet, Esq., March 10, 2009.
  9.  Ralph Rosenberg, Iowa Civil Rights Commission, letter to Lisa Mottet, Esq., April 1, 2009.
10. Taylor Flynn, “Ties That [Don’t] Bind: Transgender Family Law and the Unmaking of Families,” in Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, and Shannon Price Minter, eds., Transgender Rights (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006), 32–33; Jamison Green, personal communication, November 27, 2010.
11. Emily A. Greytak, Joseph G. Kosciw, and Elizabeth M. Diaz, “Harsh Realities: The Experiences of Transgender Youth in Our Nation’s Schools” (New York: Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, 2009), 10–15.
12. United Church of Christ, “Affirming the Participation and Ministry of Transgender People Within the United Church of Christ and Supporting Their Civil and Human Rights,” United Church of Christ Twenty-Fourth General Synod, July 15, 2003.
13. Rev. Dr. Cameron Partridge, personal interview, September 5, 2010.
14. U.S. Census Bureau, “History: 1790 Overview,” http://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1790.html.
15. U.S. Census Bureau, “History: 1870,” http://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1870_1.html.
16. U.S. Census Bureau, “History: 1890,” http://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1870_1.html.
17. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, “Asylum,” September 3, 2009, http://www.uscis.gov.
18. Servicemembers Legal Defense Network, “Transgender Service Members,” October 2008, http://www.sldn.org/page/-/Website/Fact%20Sheets/Transgender%20Service%20Members.pdf.
19. Denny Meyer, “LeAnna Bradley: 37 Years of Service,” Gay Military Signal, September 2009.
20. LeAnna Bradley, personal interview, September 7, 2010.
21. Meyer, “LeAnna Bradley.”
8. LESSER-KNOWN TYPES OF TRANSGENDERISM
  1.  This is from an exercise at YES Institute, 2009, http://www.yesinstitute.org.
  2.  Micah Domingo, personal interview, October 4, 2010.
  3.  Deborah Rudacille, The Riddle of Gender (New York: Anchor Books, 2006), 223–224.
  4.  Reid Vanderburgh, “Appropriate Therapeutic Care for Families with Pre-Pubescent Transgender/Gender-Dissonant Children,” Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 26, no. 2 (2009): 147.
  5.  Helen Boyd, My Husband Betty (New York: Thunder’s Mouth, 2003).
  6.  Ibid., 22.
  7.  Virginia Erhardt, Head over Heels: Wives Who Stay with Cross-Dressers and Transsexuals (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 25–28.
  8.  Ibid., 82.
  9.  Ibid., 1.
10. Boyd, My Husband Betty, 48.
11. Antonio Panormita, Hermaphroditus (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2001), 17.
12. Tom Mazur, Melissa Colsman, and David E. Sandberg, “Intersex: Definition, Examples, Gender Stability, and the Case Against Merging with Transsexualism,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 242.
13. Intersex Society of North America, “What Is Intersex?” 2008, http://www.isna.org/faq/what_is_intersex.
14. Children’s Hospital Boston, “Gender Management Service (GeMS) Clinic: About Us,” 2007, http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2280/mainpageS2280P4.html.
15. Peter A. Lee, Christopher P. Houk, S. Faisal Ahmed, and Ieuan A. Hughes, “Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders,” Pediatrics 118, no. 2 (2006): e488.
16. Consortium on the Management of Disorders of Sex Development, Handbook for Parents (Rohnert Park, CA: Intersex Society of North America, 2006), 3.
17. Joan Roughgarden, The Genial Gene: Deconstructing Darwinian Selfishness (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), 106.
18. Harvey J. Makadon, Kenneth H. Mayer, Jennifer Potter, and Hilary Goldhammer, Fenway Guide to Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Trans gender Health (Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 2008), 394.
19. Ibid., 404.
20. Raven Kaldera, “Do It on the Dotted Line,” in Joan Nestle, Clare Howell, and Riki Wilchins, eds., GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary (Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2002), 158.
21. All the Kings Men, “Experience the World of All the Kings Men!” 2010, http://www.atkm.com.
22. Daniel Harris, Diary of a Drag Queen (New York: Carroll and Graf, 2005), vii.
23. Christopher Hagberg, personal interview, October 6, 2010.
24. Ibid.
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY
  1.  “Gender,” Def. 2b, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2009, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gender.
  2.  “Terminology,” University of Minnesota Transgender Commission, March 11, 2008, http://glbta.umn.edu/trans/terms.html.
  3.  Ibid.
  4.  Stan Monstrey, Peter Ceulemans, and Peter Hoebeke, “Surgery: Female-to-Male Patient,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 161–162.
  5.  “Paraphilia,” Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paraphilia.
  6.  Monstrey et al., “Surgery: Female-to-Male Patient,” 150.
  7.  Ibid.
  8.  Sam Winter, “Thai Transgenders in Focus: Demographics, Transitions and Identities,” International Journal of Transgenderism 9, no. 1, (2006): 17.
  9.  “Sex,” Def. 1, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2009, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sex.
10. World Professional Association of Transgender Health, The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, 6th version (Minneapolis: WPATH, 2005).
11. Stan Monstrey, Gennaro Selvaggi, and Peter Ceulemans, “Surgery: Male-to-Female Patient,” in Randi Ettner, Stan Monstrey, and A. Evan Eyler, eds., Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2007), 120–122.