B. Paul and the Church at Rome (1:8–15)
II. THEME: THE GOSPEL AS THE REVELATION OF THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD (1:16–17)
III. THE NEED FOR SALVATION: THE PLIGHT OF HUMANITY (1:18–3:20)
A. In the Pagan World (1:18–32)
B. Principles of Judgment (2:1–16)
C. Specific Guilt of the Jews (2:17–29)
D. God’s Faithfulness and Justice (3:1–8)
IV. JUSTIFICATION: THE IMPUTATION OF RIGHTEOUSNESS (3:21–5:21)
A. Justification as the Answer to the Sinfulness of Humanity (3:21–26)
B. The Availability of Justification through Faith Alone (3:27–31)
C. The Illustration of Justification from the Old Testament (4:1–25)
1. The Case of Abraham (4:1–5)
3. The Promise to Abraham—Prior to and Apart from Circumcision (4:9–12)
4. The Promise to Abraham—Apart from the Law (4:13–17)
5. Abraham’s Faith the Standard for Every Believer (4:18–25)
D. The Benefits of Justification (5:1–11)
E. The Universal Applicability of Justification (5:12–21)
V. SANCTIFICATION: THE IMPARTATION OF RIGHTEOUSNESS (6:1–8:39)
A. The Believer’s Union with Christ in Death and in Resurrection Life (6:1–14)
1. The Statement of the Fact (6:1–11)
2. The Appeal Based on the Fact (6:12–14)
B. Union with Christ Viewed as Enslavement to Righteousness (6:15–23)
C. Union with Christ Viewed as Deliverance from Law (7:1–6)
D. The Relationship between Law and Sin (7:7–13)
E. The Struggle to Observe the Law (7:14–25)
F. The Blessings of Life in the Spirit (8:1–39)
1. Liberation by the Spirit from the Law of Sin and Death (8:1–13)
2. Additional Ministries of the Spirit (8:14–27)
3. The Security and Permanence of the Life of the Redeemed (8:28–39)
VI. THE PROBLEM OF ISRAEL: GOD’S RIGHTEOUSNESS VINDICATED (9:1–11:36)
A. Paul’s Sorrow over Israel’s Condition (9:1–5)
B. God’s Choice of Israel Based on Election, Not on Natural Generation or Works of Merit (9:6–13)
C. God’s Freedom to Act in His Own Sovereign Right (9:14–29)
D. Israel’s Failure to Attain Righteousness Due to Reliance on Works Rather Than Faith (9:30–10:21)
E. Israel Not Entirely Rejected; There Is a Remnant of Believers (11:1–10)
F. Israel’s Temporary Rejection and the Salvation of Gentiles (11:11–24)
G. Israel’s Future Salvation (11:25–32)
H. Praise to God for His Wisdom and His Ways (11:33–36)
VII. OUR SPIRITUAL SERVICE: THE PRACTICE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS (12:1–15:13)
A. The Appeal for Dedication of the Believer (12:1–2)
B. Varied Ministries in the Church, the Body of Christ (12:3–8)
C. Principles Governing Christian Conduct (12:9–21)
D. The Duty of Submission to Civil Authority (13:1–7)
E. The Comprehensive Obligation of Love (13:8–10)
F. The Purifying Power of Hope (13:11–14)
G. Questions of Conscience Wherein Christians Differ (14:1–15:13)
1. Christians Must Refrain from Judging One Another (14:1–12)
2. Christians Must Avoid Offending One Another (14:13–23)
3. The Unity of the Strong and the Weak in Christ (15:1–13)
VIII. CONCLUSION (15:14–16:27)
A. Paul’s Past Labors, Present Program, and Future Plans (15:14–33)
B. Personal Greetings, Warning Concerning Schismatics, and Doxology (16:1–27)
I. INTRODUCTORY SALUTATION (1:1–5)
II. APOSTOLIC ADMONITION (1:6–4:11)
A. Occasion for Writing/Reason for Admonition (1:6–10)
B. Paul’s Self-Defense (1:11–2:14)
2. Paul’s Early Years, Conversion, Apostolic Commission (1:13–17)
3. First Jerusalem Visit (1:18–24)
4. Second Jerusalem Visit (2:1–10)
5. The Antioch Incident (2:11–14)
C. The Proposition of Galatians (2:15–21)
D. Supportive Discussion (3:1–4:11)
1. True Righteousness: Not “through Law” (3:1–18)
a. Demonstrated by the Galatians’ experience (3:1–5)
b. Demonstrated by Scripture (3:6–14)
c. Demonstrated by human experience (3:15–18)
2. True Faith: Not “under Law” (3:19–4:7)
a. Function of the law (3:19–25)
b. Relationships “in Christ” (3:26–29)
c. Illustration of relational maturity (4:1–7)
3. Paul’s Fear for the Galatians (4:8–11)
III. APOSTOLIC APPEAL (4:12–6:10)
A. Against Legalism (4:12–5:12)
1. Appeals from Paul’s Experience (4:12–20)
a. Paul’s past trial and the Galatians (4:12–16)
b. Paul’s present burden for the Galatians (4:17–20)
2. Appeal from the Sarah–Hagar Allegory (4:21–31)
3. Appeal to Steadfast Freedom (5:1–12)
B. Against Libertinism (5:13–6:10)
1. Life in the Spirit (5:13–18)
2. The Works of the Flesh and the Fruit of the Spirit (5:19–26)