APPENDIX 1B

List of Native Caudata Occurring in California


Taxon¹/Common name	CDFG special animal	USFWS²	CDFW³	IUCN⁴	USFS⁵	BLM

Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma californiense, California tiger salamander	X	T	T	V
Ambystoma californiense “Santa Barbara”, Santa Barbara tiger salamander	X	E	T	V
Ambystoma californiense “Sonoma”, Sonoma tiger salamander	X	E	T	V
Ambystoma gracile, Northwestern salamander				LC
Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum, Santa Cruz long-toed salamander	X	E	E, FP	LC
Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum, Southern long-toed salamander			SSC	LC
Dicamptodontidae
Dicamptodon ensatus, California giant salamander			SSC	NT
Dicamptodon tenebrosus, Pacific giant salamander				LC
Plethodontidae
Aneides ferreus, Clouded salamander				NT
Aneides flavipunctatus, Black salamander				NT
Aneides flavipunctatus niger, Santa Cruz black salamander			SSC	NT
Aneides flavipunctatus “shasta”¹¹, Shasta black salamander				NT
Aneides lugubris, Arboreal salamander				LC
Aneides vagrans, Wandering salamander				NT
Batrachoseps altasierrae, Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander
Batrachoseps attenuatus, California slender salamander				LC
Batrachoseps bramei, Fairview slender salamander					S
Batrachoseps campi, Inyo Mountains salamander	X		SSC	E	S	S
Batrachoseps diabolicus, Hell Hollow slender salamander	X			DD
Batrachoseps gabrieli, San Gabriel Mountains slender salamander	X			DD	S
Batrachoseps gavilanensis, Gabilan Mountains slender salamander				LC
Batrachoseps gregarius, Gregarius slender salamander	X			LC
Batrachoseps incognitus, San Simeon slender salamander	X			DD	S
Batrachoseps kawia, Sequoia slender salamander	X			DD
Batrachoseps luciae, Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander	X			LC
Batrachoseps major aridus, Desert slender salamander	X	E	E	LC
Batrachoseps major major, Garden slender salamander				LC
Batrachoseps minor, Lesser slender salamander	X		SSC	DD	S
Batrachoseps nigriventris, Black-bellied slender salamander				LC
Batrachoseps pacificus, Channel Islands slender salamander	X			LC
Batrachoseps regius, Kings River slender salamander	X			V	S
Batrachoseps relictus, Relictual slender salamander	X		SSC	DD	S
Batrachoseps robustus, Kern Plateau salamander	X			NT
Batrachoseps simatus, Kern Canyon slender salamander	X		T	V	S
Batrachoseps stebbinsi, Tehachapi slender salamander	X		T	V		S
Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater, Yellow-blotched ensatina	X			LC	S	S
Ensatina eschscholtzii eschscholtzii, Monterey ensatina				LC
Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi, Large-blotched ensatina	X			LC	S
Ensatina eschscholtzii oregonensis, Oregon ensatina				LC
Ensatina eschscholtzii picta, Painted ensatina				LC
Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis, Sierra Nevada ensatina				LC
Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica, Yellow-eyed ensatina				LC
Hydromantes brunus, Limestone salamander	X		T, FP	V	S	S
Hydromantes platycephalus¹², Mount Lyell salamander	X			LC
Hydromantes shastae, Shasta salamander	X		T	V	S	S
Plethodon asupak, Scott River salamander	X		T	V
Plethodon dunni, Dunn’s salamander				LC
Plethodon elongatus, Del Norte salamander	X			NT
Plethodon stormi, Siskiyou Mountains salamander	X		T	E	S
Rhyacotritonidae
Rhyacotriton variegatus, Southern torrent salamander	X		SSC	LC	S
Salamandridae
Taricha granulosa, Rough-skinned newt				LC
Taricha rivularis, Red-bellied newt			SSC	LC
Taricha sierrae, Sierra newt				LC
Taricha torosa, Coast Range newt	X		SSC¹³	LC

1. Species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). 2. E: Endangered; T: Threatened. 3. E: Endangered; T: Threatened; FP: Fully Protect; SSC: Species of Special Concern. 4. E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; NT: Near Threatened; LC: Least Concern; DD: Data Deficient. 5. S: Sensitive. 11. Following Rissler and Apodaca (2007). 12. An Owens Valley population was formerly presumed to be an undescribed taxon and has become widely recognized in the conservation community. Rovito (2010) refutes its status as a distinct lineage and we include the Owens Valley populations with Hydromantes platycephalus. 13. Status applies only to Monterey County, CA, and south.

APPENDIX 1C

List of Native Squamata—Lizards Occurring in California


Taxon¹/Common name	CDFG special animal	USFWS²	CDFW³	IUCN⁴	USFS⁵	BLM

Anguidae
Elgaria coerulea coerulea, San Francisco alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria coerulea palmeri, Sierra Nevada alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria coerulea principis, Northwestern alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria coerulea shastensis, Shasta alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria multicarinata multicarinata, California alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria multicarinata scincicauda, Oregon alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria multicarinata webbii, San Diego alligator lizard				LC
Elgaria panamintina, Panamint alligator lizard	X		SSC	V	S	S
Anniellidae
Anniella pulchra pulchra¹⁴, Silvery legless lizard	X		SSC	LC	S
Anniella pulchra nigra, Black legless lizard	X		SSC	LC	S
Crotophytidae
Crotaphytus bicinctores, Great Basin collared lizard				LC
Crotaphytus vestigium, Baja California collared lizard				LC
Gambelia copeii, Cope’s leopard lizard			SSC	LC
Gambelia sila, Blunt-nosed leopard lizard	X	E	E.FP	E
Gambelia wislizenii, Long-nosed leopard lizard				LC
Gekkonidae
Coleonyx switaki, Barefoot gecko	X		T	LC		S
Coleonyx variegatus abbotti, San Diego banded gecko	X		SSC	LC
Coleonyx variegatus variegatus, Desert banded gecko				LC
Phyllodactylus nocticolus, Peninsular leaf-toed gecko				LC
Helodermatidae
Heloderma suspectum cinctum, Banded Gila monster	X		SSC	NT		S
Iguanidae
Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Desert iguana				LC
Sauromalus ater, Common chuckwalla				LC
Phrynosomatidae
Callisaurus draconoides, Zebra-tailed lizard				LC
Petrosaurus mearnsi, Banded rock lizard				LC
Phrynosoma blainvillii¹⁵, Coast horned lizard	X		SSC	LC	S	S
Phrynosoma douglasii, Pigmy short-horned lizard				LC
Phrynosoma mcallii, Flat-tailed horned lizard	X		SSC	NT	S	S
Phrynosoma platyrhinos calidiarum, Southern desert horned lizard				LC
Phrynosoma platyrhinos platyrhinos, Northern desert horned lizard				LC
Sceloporus graciosus gracilis, Western sagebrush lizard				LC
Sceloporus graciosus graciosus, Northern sagebrush lizard	X			LC		S
Sceloporus graciosus vandenburgianus, Southern sagebrush lizard				LC
Sceloporus magister uniformis¹⁶, Yellow-backed desert spiny lizard				LC
Sceloporus magister transversus, Barred desert spiny lizard				LC
Sceloporus occidentalis becki, Island fence lizard				LC
Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus, San Joaquin fence lizard				LC
Sceloporus occidentalis bocourtii, Coast Range fence lizard				LC
Sceloporus occidentalis longipes, Great Basin fence lizard				LC
Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis, Northwestern fence lizard				LC
Sceloporus occidentalis taylori, Sierra fence lizard				LC
Sceloporus orcutti, Granite spiny lizard				LC
Uma inornata, Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard	X	T	E	E
Uma notata, Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard	X		SSC	NT		S
Uma scoparia, Mojave fringe-toed lizard	X		SSC	LC		S
Urosaurus graciosus, Long-tailed brush lizard				LC
Urosaurus nigricaudus, Baja California brush lizard				LC
Urosaurus ornatus, Ornate tree lizard				LC
Uta stansburiana elegans, Western common side-blotched lizard				LC
Uta stansburiana nevadensis, Nevada common side-blotched lizard				LC
Uta stansburiana stansburiana, Northern common side-blotched lizard				LC
Scincidae
Plestiodon gilberti, Gilbert’s skink				LC
Plestiodon skiltonianus skiltonianus, Western skink				LC
Plestiodon skiltonianus interparietalis, Coronado skink	X			LC		S
Teiidae
Aspidoscelis hyperythra, Orange-throated whiptail	X			LC	S
Aspidoscelis tigris munda, California whiptail				LC
Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri, Coastal whiptail	X		SSC	LC
Aspidoscelis tigris tigris, Great Basin whiptail				LC
Xantusiidae
Xantusia gracilis, Sandstone night lizard	X		SSC	V
Xantusia henshawi, Henshaw’s night lizard				LC
Xantusia riversiana, Island night lizard	X			LC
Xantusia vigilis sierrae¹⁷, Sierra night lizard	X		SSC	LC
Xantusia vigilis vigilis¹⁷, Desert night lizard				LC
Xantusia wigginsi, Baja California night lizard				LC
Xantusia sp. “Yucca Valley”, Yucca Valley night lizard				LC
Xantusia sp. “San Jacinto”, San Jacinto night lizard				LC

1. Species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). 2. E: Endangered; T: Threatened. 3. E: Endangered; T: Threatened; FP: Fully Protect; SSC: Species of Special Concern. 4. E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; NT: Near Threatened; LC: Least Concern; DD: Data Deficient. 5. S: Sensitive. 14. Papenfuss and Parham (2013) proposed splitting Anniella pulchra in California into five species. 15. Leaché et al. (2009) revised the Phrynosoma coronatum complex, placing California populations of P. coronatum into P. blainvilli. 16. Schulte et al. (2006) propose that the Sceloporus magister subspecies be elevated to full species. This was refuted by Leaché and Mulcahy (2007). 17. Leavitt et al. (2007) find a significant genetic structure within the Xantusia vigilis complex. Taxonomic revisions may occur in the near future within this clade.

APPENDIX 1D

List of Native Squamata—Snakes Occurring in California


Taxon¹/Common name	CDFG special animal	USFWS²	CDFW³	IUCN⁴	USFS⁵	BLM

Boidae
Charina bottae bottae, Rubber boa				LC
Charina bottae umbratica, Southern rubber boa	X		T	LC	S
Lichanura orcutti¹⁸, California rosy boa	X			LC	S
Colubridae
Arizona elegans Candida, Mojave glossy snake				LC
Arizona elegans eburnata, Desert glossy snake				LC
Arizona elegans occidentalis, California glossy snake			SSC	LC
Bogertophis rosaliae, Baja California rat snake	X			LC
Chionactis occipitalis annulata, Colorado shovel-nosed snake				LC
Chionactis occipitalis occipitalis, Mojave shovel-nosed snake				LC
Chionactis occipitalis talpina, Nevada shovel-nosed snake				LC
Coluber constrictor mormon, Western yellow-bellied racer				LC
Contia longicauda, Forest sharp-tailed snake				LC
Contia tenuis, Common sharp-tailed snake				LC
Diadophis punctatus “Coastal CA”¹⁹, Ring-necked snake				LC
Diadophis punctatus “Eastern CA”, Ring-necked snake				LC
Diadophis punctatus “Southern CA”, Ring-necked snake	X			LC	S
Diadophis punctatus “Great Basin”²⁰, Ring-necked snake			SSC	LC
Hypsiglena chlorophaea, Northern desert night snake				LC
Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha klauberi, San Diego night snake				LC
Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha nuchulata, California night snake				LC
Lampropeltis californiae, Common kingsnake				LC
Lampropeltis multifasciata²¹, California mountain kingsnake	X			LC	S	S
Lampropeltis zonata, California mountain kingsnake				LC		S
Masticophis flagellum piceus²², Red coachwhip				LC
Masticophis flagellum ruddocki, San Joaquin coachwhip	X		SSC	LC
Masticophis fuliginosus, Baja California coachwhip			SSC	LC
Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus, Alameda striped racer	X	T	T	LC
Masticophis lateralis lateralis, California striped racer				LC
Masticophis taeniatus, Striped whipsnake				LC
Phyllorhynchus decurtatus, Spotted leaf-nosed snake				LC
Pituophis catenifer affinis, Sonoran gopher snake				LC
Pituophis catenifer annectens, San Diego gopher snake				LC
Pituophis catenifer catenifer, Pacific gopher snake				LC
Pituophis catenifer deserticola, Great Basin gopher snake				LC
Pituophis catenifer pumilis, Santa Cruz Island gopher snake	X			LC
Rhinocheilus lecontei, Long-nosed snake				LC
Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis, Desert patch-nosed snake				LC
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis, Mojave patch-nosed snake				LC
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea, Coast patch-nosed snake	X		SSC	LC
Sonora semiannulata, Western ground snake				LC
Tantilla hobartsmithi, Southwestern black-headed snake				LC
Tantilla planiceps, California black-headed snake				LC
Thamnophis atratus atratus, Santa Cruz aquatic garter snake				LC
Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus, Oregon aquatic garter snake				LC
Thamnophis atratus zaxanthus, Diablo Range aquatic garter snake				LC
Thamnophis couchii, Sierra (western aquatic) garter snake				LC
Thamnophis elegans elegans, Mountain terrestrial garter snake				LC
Thamnophis elegans terrestris, Coast terrestrial garter snake				LC
Thamnophis elegans vagrans, Wandering terrestrial garter snake				LC
Thamnophis gigas, Giant garter snake	X	T	T	V
Thamnophis hammondii, Two-striped garter snake	X		SSC	LC	S	S
Thamnophis marcianus, Checkered garter snake
Thamnophis ordinoides, Northwestern garter snake				LC
Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi, Valley garter snake				LC
Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis²³, California red-sided garter snake	X		SSC²⁴	LC
Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia, San Francisco garter snake	X	E	E, FP	LC
Trimorphodon lambda, Sonoran lyre snake
Trimorphodon lyrophanes, Peninsular lyre snake
Leptotyphlopidae
Rena humilis humilis²⁵, Southwestern blind snake				LC
Rena humilis cahuilae, Desert blind snake				LC
Viperidae
Crotalus atrox, Western diamond-backed rattlesnake				LC
Crotalus cerastes cerastes, Mojave Desert sidewinder				LC
Crotalus cerastes laterorepens, Colorado Desert sidewinder				LC
Crotalus mitchellii, Speckled rattlesnake				LC
Crotalus oreganus helleri²⁶, Southern Pacific rattlesnake				LC
Crotalus oreganus lutosus, Great Basin rattlesnake				LC
Crotalus oreganus oreganus, Northern Pacific rattlesnake				LC
Crotalus ruber, Red diamond rattlesnake	X		SSC	LC	S
Crotalus scutulatus, Northern Mojave rattlesnake				LC
Crotalus stephensi, Panamint rattlesnake				LC

1. Species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). 2. E: Endangered; T: Threatened. 3. E: Endangered; T: Threatened; FP: Fully Protect; SSC: Species of Special Concern. 4. E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; NT: Near Threatened; LC: Least Concern; DD: Data Deficient. 5. S: Sensitive. 18. Wood et al. (2008) divided the rosy boas into two species, Lichanura orcutti and L. trivirgata. Their mitochondrial data indicate that L. trivirgata is present in extreme southern California, though newer unpublished nuclear data suggest that the species break actually occurs farther south, in Baja California, Mexico (D. Wood, pers. comm.). 19. Feldman and Spicer (2006) and Fontanella et al. (2008) find evidence for lineages that are not concordant with previously described subspecies boundaries. We follow the lineage designations from the latter study. 20. The Great Basin clade includes animals formerly assigned to Diadophis punctatus regalis. The SSC status refers only to populations occurring at isolated desert springs in Southern California. 21. Mountain kingsnake taxonomy is in flux. Rodríguez-Robles et al. (1999b) refute the formerly recognized subspecies and find evidence for four distinct lineages. Myers et al. (2013) find evidence for two species (the arrangement that we follow here). Lampropeltis multifasciata contains the former southern subspecies Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra and L. z. pulchra. The conservation status applies to these two subspecies 22. Nagy et al. (2004) propose combining Masticophis into the genus Coluber. 23. Southern populations of this subspecies may represent a distinct taxon and are currently under study (C. Mahrdt, pers. comm., E. Ervin, pers. comm.). 24. SSC status applies to only the southern portion of the range. 25. Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) propose placing California Leptotyphlops in the genus Rena. 26. Some authors treat the subspecies of Crotalus oreganus as distinct species.

APPENDIX 1E

List of Native Testudines Occurring in California


Taxon¹/Common name	CDFG special animal	USFWS²	CDFW³	IUCN⁴	USFS⁵	BLM

Emydidae
Emys marmorata marmorata²⁷, Northern western pond turtle	X		SSC	V	S
Emys marmorata pallida, Southern western pond turtle	X		SSC	V	S	S
Kinosternidae
Kinosternon sonoriense, Sonora mud turtle	X		SSC	V
Testudinidae
Gopherus agassizii, Mohave Desert tortoise	X	T	T	V

1. Species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). 2. E: Endangered; T: Threatened. 3. E: Endangered; T: Threatened; FP: Fully Protect; SSC: Species of Special Concern. 4. E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; NT: Near Threatened; LC: Least Concern; DD: Data Deficient. 5. S: Sensitive. 27. Some authors place the western pond turtles in the monotypic genus Actinemys. Spinks et al. (2014) recommend elevating both pond turtle subspecies to species status.

APPENDIX 1A

List of Native Anura Occurring in California

APPENDIX 1B

List of Native Caudata Occurring in California

APPENDIX 1C

List of Native Squamata—Lizards Occurring in California

APPENDIX 1D

List of Native Squamata—Snakes Occurring in California

APPENDIX 1E

List of Native Testudines Occurring in California


Taxon¹/Common name	CDFG special animal	USFWS²	CDFW³	IUCN⁴	USFS⁵	BLM

Ascaphidae
Ascaphus truei, Coastal tailed frog	X		SSC	LC
Bufonidae⁶
Bufo alvarius, Sonoran Desert toad	X		SSC	LC
Bufo boreas boreas, Western toad				NT
Bufo boreas halophilus, California western toad				NT
Bufo californicus, Arroyo toad	X	E	SSC	E
Bufo canorus, Yosemite toad	X	T	SSC	E	S
Bufo cognatus, Great Plains toad				LC
Bufo exsul, Black toad	X		T, FP	V	S	S
Bufo punctatus, Red-spotted toad				LC
Bufo woodhousii, Woodhouse’s toad				LC
Hylidae
Pseudacris cadaverina, California treefrog				LC
Pseudacris regilla⁷, Pacific treefrog				LC
Ranidae
Rana aurora, Northern red-legged frog	X		SSC	LC	S
Rana boylii, Foothill yellow-legged frog	X		SSC	NT	S	S
Rana cascadae, Cascades frog	X		SSC	NT	S
Rana draytonii, California red-legged frog	X	T	SSC	V
Rana muscosa, Southern Mountain yellow-legged frog	X	E	E	E	S
Rana pipiens⁸,⁹, Northern leopard frog	X		SSC	LC
Rana pretiosa¹⁰, Oregon spotted frog	X	T	SSC	V		S
Rana sierrae, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog	X	E	E	E	S
Rana yavapaiensis, Lowland leopard frog	X		SSC	LC		S
Scaphiopodidae
Scaphiopus couchii, Couch’s spadefoot	X		SSC	LC		S
Spea hammondii, Western spadefoot	X		SSC	NT		S
Spea intermontana, Great basin spadefoot				LC

1. Species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). 2. E: Endangered; T: Threatened. 3. E: Endangered; T: Threatened; FP: Fully Protect; SSC: Species of Special Concern. 4. E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; NT: Near Threatened; LC: Least Concern; DD: Data Deficient. 5. S: Sensitive. 6. Frost et al. (2006a) recommend placing all California bufonids except Bufo alvarius in the genus Anaxyrus. Frost et al. (2009b) recommend that B. alvarius be placed in the genus Incilius. 7. Recuero et al. (2006a, 2006b) propose breaking Pseudacris regilla (sensu lato) into three distinct species. This proposal has not been widely accepted because the range boundaries of the three taxa are poorly characterized and significant haplotype sharing exists across these putative lineages that has not been studied. 8. This frog was widely introduced in California at one point, though presumed native populations were also present. The taxon may now be extirpated. 9. Frost et al. (2006a) recommend placing Rana pipiens and R. muscosa in the genus Lithobates. 10. It is likely that any populations on the eastern side of the Warner Mountains are actually Rana luteiventris. However, no specimens or data exist to clarify this issue. Until new data become available, R. luteiventris cannot be definitively included as a member of the Californian herpetofauna.