Glossary

A

ACTION CENTER

Indicated by the white flag on the Windows desktop taskbar. This feature aggregates system messages and troubleshooting help.

ADMINISTRATOR

A user account level at which a user can make changes to an operating system or programs.

APP

A software application, especially those accessed via tiles on the Start screen.

APPLICATION

A software program such as Microsoft Word or Microsoft Internet Explorer.

B

BACKUP

Copies of programs or files kept separate from your computer in case the original file becomes corrupt or is deleted.

BLUETOOTH

A technology that uses radio transmissions to allow interaction between a device, such as printer, mouse, or headset, and your computer or tablet.

BOOKMARK

A list of saved sites to make retrieval of those sites easier.

See Also FAVORITES

BOOT

To start a computer when the power is turned off.

BROADBAND

High-speed Internet connections such as Cable or ADSL.

BROWSER

Program used to browse the World Wide Web. For example, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Chrome.

BUTTON

A graphical representation of a computer command. When you click or tap a button, the command is executed.

C

CABLE MODEM

A hardware interface required to receive a broadband Internet connection from a cable communications company.

CHARM

A button that provides access to Windows features, such as Start, Search, Sharing, Devices, and Settings.

CD, DVD Disk

Disks provided by software manufacturers to install software on your computer from a CD/DVD drive or used by you to store copies of your files and data.

CHECK BOX

A way to provide on/off input for a feature or setting by selecting or clearing a small box.

CLIP ART

A set of ready-made illustrations and photos you can insert in documents.

CLOUD (The)

The practice of hosting programs or services on Internet servers. End users can access these programs or services from their computers without having to install any app locally on their device.

COMPATIBILITY MODE

A special mode in Windows in which programs run in an emulated environment that mimics an earlier version of Windows.

CONTROL PANEL

A set of tools and settings with which you can configure the basic functions of your tablet.

CONTROL KEY

Marked Ctrl on the keyboard. Like Alt and Function keys, this key is used in combination with other keys. Its use can vary from program to program.

CUT or COPY & PASTE

Common tools/menu commands for editing text. With most Windows programs, you can cut or copy a selected item (text or object) and paste it into another place within a document or into another document. Use Ctrl in combination with X, C, and V as shortcuts for cutting, copying, and pasting, respectively.

D

DEFRAGMENT

Reducing the fragmentation (scattering) of files across a hard disk to improve computer performance in retrieving files.

DESKTOP

An alternate interface to the Start screen in which users can control settings and programs in an environment similar to previous versions of Windows.

DEVICE DRIVER

A software program that enables communication between the operating system and a hardware device.

DIALOG BOX

A window that contains sets of commands such as a Font dialog box for formatting text.

DOWNLOAD

The process of transferring files from the web to your computing device. You can download pictures, videos, PDF files, text, and programs.

DRAG-AND-DROP

The facility in most programs to select text or a file and move it to another position or location by using a mouse or finger (on a touchscreen).

DRIVE LETTER

An alphabetical letter from A to Z that Windows assigns to a fixed or removable hard disk.

DVD-ROM

Digital Versatile–Disk Read Only Memory. An optical disk capable of containing much more data than a CD. Used for music, videos, and programs.

DVD-RW

A rewriteable DVD.

DVD Player

A disk player for DVD discs. Capable of playing CDs, as well.

E

E-BOOK

Electronic book.

EMAIL

A service by which you can send messages over the Internet.

EMAIL CLIENT

Program used to send and receive emails such as Windows Live Hotmail or AOL Mail.

F

FAMILY SAFETY

A Windows feature with which you can control children’s access to certain features and online content.

FAVORITES

A feature of a web browser by which you add frequently used sites to a list for easy retrieval.

See Also BOOKMARK

FILE EXPLORER

Used to view files, folders, libraries, and networks on the desktop.

FIREWALL

A program that protects your computer from unauthorized access via the Internet.

FLASH DRIVE

A removable storage device that connects to your computer through a USB port.

FONT

A collection of text characters of a predefined style, such as Times New Roman or Arial, that can be applied to selected text.

FUNCTION KEYS

Programmable keys F1 to F12 on a keyboard. Function keys vary in their use, depending on the operating system and keyboard.

G

GPS (Global Positioning System)

A technology that uses satellites to establish your computer, tablet, or mobile phone’s location.

GRAPHICS

The general term used for illustrations, photographs, and other picture objects.

GRAPHICS CARD

The hardware in a computer that controls the monitor or display.

H

HARD COPY

Printed material.

HARD DISK

A disk or set of disks in a computer that is used to record data such as programs and user files.

HARDWARE

Any piece of computing equipment, such as the tablet itself or a printer.

HOMEGROUP

A networking feature through which Windows 8–based computers and devices can share files and printers within a single network.

HOME PAGE

The first page of a website, usually Index.htm. This is the webpage that loads first when you visit a website.

HOTMAIL

A web-based email service run by Microsoft.

HOT SPOT

A Wi-Fi connection in a location such as a café, airport, or hotel over which Wi-Fi enabled laptops, smartphones, or tablets can access the connection.

SURFING

See SURFING

HYPERLINK

A segment of text or a graphic on a webpage on which you can click or tap that takes you to another webpage. Text links are often colored and underlined; images and maps can also act as links. When using a mouse, the pointer changes shape to that of a hand when hovering over a link.

I

IM (Instant Messaging)

An app such as Windows Messaging with which you can send text-based messages to people online in real time.

INTEGRATED SEARCH

A feature of Windows with which you can search apps, files, settings, and a variety of web content from the Start screen.

INTERNET

The worldwide network of computer servers that host the data, including the World Wide Web.

INTERNET EXPLORER

The most common web browser, offered for free download or as part of Windows. Other browsers include Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome.

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

A company that provides you with access to the Internet.

L

LOCK SCREEN

The screen that appears when Windows 8 is goes into sleep mode.

M

MALWARE

Malicious software, such as viruses.

MEMORY

Storage capacity in a computer or tablet that Windows uses to store files and run programs.

MONITOR

The computer screen. Also called display.

MOTHERBOARD

The main circuit board of a computer, to which components such as computer chips and graphics cards are attached.

MSN

Microsoft Network.

N

NET

A nickname for the Internet.

NETWORK

General term for connected computers.

NOTIFICATIONS

Pop-up notices presented by Windows of important information, such as potential virus threats.

O

OFFLINE

Not connected to the Internet.

ONLINE

Connected to the Internet.

OPERATING SYSTEM

A software interface for a computer in which you can run programs and control devices.

P

PARALLEL PORT

Almost always a 25-pin female socket on the back of a computer which is used for printing but also to attach devices such as scanners and other external equipment.

See Also USB PORT (Universal Serial Bus)

PATH

The location of a file or program on a disk, such as C:\Users\Public, to indicate the Public subfolder in the Users folder located on the C drive.

PC SETTINGS

Common computer or tablet settings that you can access from the Settings charm.

PIN

To place a tile for an app on the Start screen.

PLUG-AND-PLAY

An architecture by which modern computers and hardware (printers, sound cards, DVD players, and so on) are able to recognize when they are connected together, thus enabling easy installation or use.

PORT

Either a physical socket on your computer, such USB, parallel (printer) or Serial communications), or part of the operating system through which communication with your computer takes place (the latter are numbered, for example, Port 110).

PROCESSOR

A physical silicon chip on a motherboard that is the “brain” of a computer or tablet.

Q

QUAD CORE

A processor with four physical cores to more efficiently handle multiple tasks.

R

RAM

(Random Access Memory). The temporary storage on a computer. When a computer is shut down, anything stored in RAM is lost.

REFRESH

A way to return a faulty copy of Windows 8 to a properly working copy without losing any files or data.

REGISTRY

A file (one per user on a computer) that contains a database of settings for Windows, user preferences, and installed software and hardware.

REMOTE ASSISTANCE

A feature by which another individual (for example, a Help desk technician) can remotely control a computer over a network or the Internet.

REMOTE DESKTOP

A feature by which you can assume remote control of another computer on a network.

REINSTALL

A way to reset a computer or tablet that is experiencing problems to its original factory settings. All data is lost with this procedure.

S

SAFE MODE

A startup mode that boots Windows in its most basic form, with no background programs in operation. In Safe Mode, the screen displays a very basic (large) layout.Safe Mode is used to troubleshoot and repair various problems in the operating system, including virus removal and defragmentation. To enter Safe Mode, press Shift+F8 upon startup.

SEARCH ENGINE

A program, usually accessed on the Internet, that you use to search for information by entering a few words.

SHAREWARE

Computer programs or software that are free to use, but you are invited to make a contribution toward its development and maintenance costs, typically around $15.

SITE or WEBSITE

An area on the Internet that has its own unique web address (URL). A typical website has a Home page followed by other pages that are linked to the Home page via hyperlinks.

SKYDRIVE

Microsoft’s online cloud storage solution, found at http://www.skydrive.com.

SNAP

A feature that allows you to drag (with a finger or mouse) an open window to the side of the screen to anchor it there.

SOFTWARE

Programs of all kinds which make the computer or tablet act in a particular way to perform certain functions, such as word processing, desktop publishing, and financial calculations.

SPAM

Unsolicited advertising that usually arrives in emails.

SPYWARE

Software that installs itself on your computer without your knowledge which monitors and reports back your activities to its originator.

START SCREEN

The central interface of Windows 8, from which you can access apps and settings.

STREAMING

Receiving sound, video, or pictures over the Internet without having to download the content.

SURFING

Using the hypertext links embedded in a webpage to jump from one website or page to another.

SYSTEM RESTORE

A Windows feature that makes copies of critical system settings and files to be used to restore your system later if required.

T

TAB KEY

Located on the left of the keyboard, you can use this key to jump certain fixed distances across the page when using a word processor, or to jump from one text box to the next when filling out forms, or to move from one table cell to the next when working in a table editor.

TASKBAR

The bar across the bottom of the desktop that contains program and setting icons for quick access.

TEMPORARY FILES

Your Internet browser, some installation programs, and even your own programs can store some files in a part of your hard disk memory. These files are deleted when no longer in use.

TEMPLATE

A standard letter or spreadsheet that forms the basis, or framework, for new documents. Templates can be modified to suit the needs of the current document.

TOOLBAR

An array of icons often found at the top of a program such as a word processor that represent tools and functions you use to carry out tasks.

TOUCHSCREEN

A computer monitor that responds to physical contact by which you provide input to the computer or tablet by touching the screen with a stylus or your finger.

U

UI (USER INTERFACE)

A schema to display the user controls for a computer on a monitor. Modern user interfaces are designed to be friendly, intuitive, and usually graphical manner.

UNPIN

To remove a tile from the Windows Start screen.

USER FOLDER

A folder containing a user’s files and folders.

URL (Universal Resource Locator)

A web address. Web addresses can begin with http:// or www, or both.

USB PORT (Universal Serial Bus)

A communication port used to transfer data between your computer and USB devices.

V

VIRUS

A malicious program intended to harm your data or disrupt your computer performance. A virus is spread either from disks or from the Internet.

W

WEB BROWSER

See browser.

WI-FI

A wireless interface that uses radio waves to link computers and other devices.

WINDOW

Part of the Windows interface that allows you to view a program, content, or group of settings in a box that you can shrink, enlarge, or display side by side with other windows.

WINDOWS 8

The very latest edition of the Windows operating system on which this book is based.

WINDOWS STORE

An online store containing apps that work with the Windows operating system.

WINDOWS UPDATE

A feature in Windows for automatically updating the operating system with the latest updates and patches.

WIZARD

A program that helps you through a process such as installing new software or hardware.

WPA

An encryption method for wireless networks.

WWW (World Wide Web)

Documents stored on the Internet.

Z

ZIP FILE

A file in which data is compressed to take up less space. Files in zip or compressed files must be extracted to be used.