NOTE: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refers to endnotes.
Abidin, Crystal, 106n51, 133n232, 133n235, 135n250, 143n302
Advertorial, 76, 79, 93, 94, 95
Albania, 22
Alibaba, 32
Amazon, 83
Amos Yee, 85
Andrea V. Wojnicki, 148n334
Ang, Tian Tian, 115n120, 117n130
Aniftos, Rania, 128n198
AnnieChangNewsOn6, 121n155
Antoine Dodson, 43
Appointment viewing mode, 8
Armenti, Marissa, 137n265
Arnold, Michael, 106n46
AsiaOne, 115n116
Attention economy, 28, 37, 67, 92, 94–95, 94–95, 98
Attention hacked, Hijack, 64, 69
Australia, xviii, 1, 2, 14, 84
azliah, 132n229, 230
Bad Luck Brian, Kyle Craven, 48, 55
Baey Yam Keng, 17
Bangkok, 73
Barker, Christian, 141n291
BBC, 126n186, 126n187, BBC, 127n189, 127n190, 143n301
BeLive, 89
Belle Gibson, 86
Berg, Madeline, 133n237
Berita Harian, 63
Bernard, Zoë, 140n281
Bhargava, Rohit, 135n245
Biersdorfer, J. D., 138n269
Bigo, 89
Blattberg, Eric, 110n88
Blay, Seba, 121n152
Blog, Blogger, Blogging, xviii, 20, 21, 32, 33, 35, 60, 61, 63, 73–74, 75, 77, 84, 86, 87, 88, 96
Blogshops, 13, 73–74, 73–74, 88
Boboltz, Sara, 142n295
Bologna, Caroline, 118n132–135
Booth, Norman, 105n38
Bot, 78, 79–80, 81, 82, 95, 98
Bourdieu, Pierre, 108n65, 108n66, 110n80, 117n130
Bow Wow, 86
Bradley, Diana, 139n277, 141n286
Brand-jack, 45
Brennan, Siofra, 109n73
Britain, 152
Business of Fashion, 141n290
buzzoid, 136n260
Calibrated amateurism, 91, 91–92, 92
Capital
Technical, 28
Carter, Marcus, 106n47
Casual observation mode, 8
Celebrity–audience relations, 8–9
Chanel Brusco, 86
Charles Ramsey, 40
CharlieHannenma Newson6, 119n140
Chengdu, 30
Chen, Siyi, 117n127
Chiara Ferragni, The Blonde Salad, 84
China, Chinese, xviii, 2, 3, 12, 14, 27, 30, 32, 36, 83, 87
Chokshi, Niraj, 134n238
Chrissy Teigen, 17
Chu, Kathy, 146n316
Citizen Relations, 84
Cliff, Martha, 109n72
Coco, 87
Comedic factor, 40
Commercial blogging, Commercial bloggers, Commercial blogs, 73–74
Constine, Josh, 147n326
Content creation, 43
Content Summit, 116n120
Contract, Contracted, 1, 52, 53, 65, 75, 78
Contrera, Jessica, 123n167–169
Courtney Barnes, 40
Cowie, Tom, 145n311
CrazyLaughAction, 119n141
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 110n81
Crowd-puller cameos, 37, 60, 64, 68
“anti-Islam behaviour,” 63
internet-native audiences, 30
“MunahHirziOfficial” (MHO), 61
social media entertainment, 62
YouTube content production, 62
Cultural capital, 22
Cultural histories, 3
DaddyOFive, 85
Danielle Bregoli, 86
DeFranco, Philip, 134n241, 134n243
Dickey, Megan Rose, 121n156
Digital audience, 37
Digital culture, 14
digital technology and social media platforms, 9
homemade content, 9
“representational” to “presentational” media and culture, 10
self-brand, 10
webcams, 11
Dr. Phil, 5
Dubai, 21
Dubecki, Larissa, 130n215
Dylan, Sceneable, 86
Earl, Jennifer, 124n171
East Asia, xviii, 26, 27, 52, 55, 74, 83, 86, 89
Economic capital, 20
The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Ellen DeGeneres, 57
Ellis, Jack, 140n284
Emotioneering, 7
E News, 110n76
Ethnocentrism, Ethnocentric, 26, 55
Eunice Annabel Lim, 60, 131n218
Europe, 152
Everydayness, Everyday, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 19, 24, 30, 32–35, 40, 56, 74, 95
Exceptionalism, Exceptional, 19, 28–32
celebration of, 29
commercial requests, 32
cross-cultural reach, 31
decade-long presence, 30
food-related cosmetic videos, 32
“technical capital,” 28
Exclusivity, Exclusive, 6, 19, 20–22, 52, 74, 76
Exoticism, Exotic, 19, 22–28, 40, 41
cultivation of, 22
ethnocentrism concept, 26
inter- and intracultural contexts, 23, 28
“intersectionality” concept, 23
orientalism concept, 26
socialbakers, 27
YouTube platform, 27
Eyewitness viral stars, Eyewitness virality, 37, 38–44, 68
comedic factor, 40
domestic violence and homelessness awareness, 41–42
exotic informants, 41
fame and commerce, 42
financial return, 43
likeability factor, 40
news-reporting strategies and news network circuits, 38
pity factor, 40
social/economic progress, 42
virality cycle, 44
Facebook, xviii, 30, 31, 38, 39, 41, 42, 48, 51, 53, 63, 85
FameBit, 84
Farley, Megan, 121n154
Farokhmanesh, Megan, 145n310
Fashion, Fashion blogger, Fashion industry, 11, 13, 14, 17, 28, 73, 74, 76, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 93, 151, 152
Fearn, Rebecca, 139n274
Finstagrams, 92
First order intimacy, 9
Fiverr, 65
Fleming Jr, Mike, 126n182
Flite, 84
FOMO, Fear of Missing Out, 89
Fortune, 142n294
Fritz, Ben, 133n236
Funny Guys, 65
Fyre Festival, 85
9GAG, 48
García-Rapp, Florencia, 105n46
General, Ryan, 147n322
Gibbs, Martin, 106n47
Gilbert Chan, 61
Ginzamarkets, Inc., 83
Goldsmith, Belinda, 128n196
Gontcharova, Natalie, 140n283
Govani, Shinan, 139n276
Grace, Sophia, 57, 128n198, 130n212, 213
Greyson Chance, 57
Griffiths, Josie, 109n69
Grumpy Cat, Tardar Sauce, 51, 55
Guangzhou, 73
Guarriello, Nicholas-Brie, 105n42
Haberman, Stephanie, 122n163
Hallam, Jed, 134n244
Hallanan, Lauren, 140n282
Hashtags For Likes, 80, 137n264
Hayden, Erik, 122n162
Hearn, Alison, 106n47
Heidi Yeh, Ugly Children Lawsuit Hoax, 56
Hemsley, Jeff, 124n173
Herrera, Monica, 127n195
Herreria, Carla, 144n306
h3h3Productions, 66, 134n240, 134n242
Hjorth, Larissa, 116n124.
Hong Kong, 21
Huang, Menglin, 146n316
Huffington Post, 122n157
Idols, 2
Ignacio, Angela V., 113n106
igReviews, 137n261
Impression management, 6
Influencer, xviii, 1, 13, 14, 52, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71
The Influencer Network, 75
definition, 72
digital tools and social media, 88
Finstagrams, 92
implications
polarizing coverage, 82
Instagram Stories, 88
marketing strategies, 72
photoshopping, 91
repository format, 89
revenue mode
advertising space sale, blogs and social media platforms, 77–78
from selling wares, 78
self-brand, 71
shadow economies
bot followers & account purges, 79–80
products and services, 78
Snapchat’s Stories, 88
sociocultural climate and ideo-geographies, 72
tasteful consumption formats, 91
transient format, 89
“war of eyeballs,” 90
Instagram, 81–82, 88, 98, 137n266, 147n324
Intense Human Emotions, 6
Intentional media coverage, 4
Intersectionality, Intersectional, 23, 26
Jack Neo, 60
The Jerry Springer Show, 5
Jianhao Tan, 61
Jimmy Kimmel Live!, 57
Johnson, Sarah, 126n188
Kai Langer, 57
Kamen, Matt, 137n268
Kan & Aki’s CHANNEL, 28, 112n97, 112n97
Kardashian-Jenners, 17
Kelly, Heather, 108n67
KevJumba, 87
Kimball, Trevor, 130n214
Kimberly Wilkins, Sweet Brown, 39
Kircher, Madison Malone, 138n270, 144n307, 148n329
Know Your Meme, 124n170, 127n192
Korea Boo, 115n114
Kozinets, Robert V., 148n333
Ladyironchef, 136n257
Langer, Michelle, 127n193
The Late Late Show with James Corden, 17, 107n58
Laura Izumikawa, 33, 118n131, 118n136–137, 119n138–139,
Laurent, Dheepthika, 108n62
Lavoie, Stephen, 114n111
League of Legends, 86
Leaver, Tama, 143n302
Lee, Dave, 137n262
Lee, Yang Yi, 130n216
LIBA Studio, viii, 21, 24, 29, 31, 34, 39, 46, 49, 53, 58, 62, 73, 77, 90, 97
Liew, Isabelle, 146n315
Li, Jiatao, 135n247
Likeability factor, 40
Lilymaymac, 85
Little Big Shots, Steve Harvey, 59
LiveJournal, 73
Livestream, 12
Lovemark, 94
Mainstream celebrities, 2
Makalintal, Bettina, 147n320
Maker Studios, Disney, 65
Malinda-White, Kyle, 131n223, 131n224, 131n225
Marwick, Alice, 106n49, 108n63
Matic, Julie Ann, 105n38
McCarter, Mark, 119n142
McClelland, Rosie, 57
McLaughlin, Erin, 141n289
McMillan Cottom, Tressie, 105n40
Mediacorp Suria, 132n226–228
Media formats, 5
MeiPai, 30
Meitu Xiuxiu, 27
Memes, Meme personalities, 14, 37, 40, 44–47, 49, 52–56
capitalism and cultural industries logic, 45
cultural participants, 44
one-off virality, 44
Meng, Di, 105n43
Meese, James, 106n46
Microcelebrities, 11–16, 37, 64–67, 86
“achieved” microcelebrities, 12
audiences, 15
blogshops format, 13
concept of, 12
digital media technologies and platforms, 11
family Influencers, 13
impact, 15
vs. internet celebrity, structural differences, 16
“micro-microcelebrities,” 11–16, 37, 64–67, 86
nature, 15
platform, 14
practice, 15
scale, 14
“Micro-microcelebrities,” 13
Miller, Joshua Rhett, 145n309
Millington, Alison, 109n70, 109n71
Milner, Ryan M, 107n6, 122n158–161, 123n166, 125n176, 127n191
Molloy, Tim, 119n143
The money shot, 6
mrbrown, 63, 113n231, 133n231, 133n233–234
Ms Yeah, Zhou Xiao Hui, 30
“MunahHirziOfficial” (MHO), 61, 62, 131n222
The Museum of Ice Cream, 87
Musical.ly, 83
My Fat Pocket, 75
Nahon, Karine, 124n173
Nansen, Bjorn, 106n46
Naptime With Joey, Joey Marie Choi, 33
The Narrative Group, 84
Network, 38, 41, 42, 46, 51, 65, 75, 83, 93
News.com.au., 125n180
Newton, Casey, 147n322
Ng, Gwendolyn, 131n221
Nicas, Jack, 133n236
Nigeria, 22
Night Owl Cinematics, 85
Noah Ritter, Apparently Kid, 57
Noah Yap, 60
North America, 152
Noyan, Burcu, 139n275
O’Connor, Clare, 126n183, 126n185
The Official Grumpy Cat, 125n178
Online retail business, 3
Oogui, 23
OpenDiary, 83
“Ordinary” life, 5
Ortiz, Meann, 114n112
Otherness, Othering, 40
Outfit of the Day, OOTD, 33
Parasocial relations, 8
Parker, Asha, 121n153
Patricia Tayer, Kyra, 114n108
Peaches Monroee, 84
Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen, PPAP, 27
Periscope, 89
PewDiePie, Felix Kjellberg, 65
Philip DeFranco, 66
Photoshopping, 91
Pink_Sparkles, m86
Pity factor, 40
Popular factual television, 7
Power 96, 120n146
Pressly, Linda, 146n314
Pulley, Anna, 114n110
Purge, Instagram Purge, 78, 80, 98
Purtill, James, 142n292, 143n298
Qualities, exceptionalism (See Exceptionalism), exoticism (See Exoticism)
“capital” forms, 19
social behaviors, 19
realgrumpycat. 125n177
Real Grumpy Cat, 125n179
Reinstein, Julia, 138n272, 138n273
Revenue mode, influencers
advertising space sale, blogs and social media platforms, 77–78
from selling wares, 78
Rich Kids of Instagram rkoi, 20–22, 36, 108n68
Richkidsof, 110n79
Riddell, Marlena, 120n146
Ridiculously Photogenic Guy, Zeddie Watkins Little, 55
Robehmed, Natalie, 107n59
Roberts, Kevin, 148n331
Robertson, Matt, 123n164, 123n165
Roca-Cuberes, Carles, 105n45
Ruth, 105n39
Ryan Higa, 87
Ryan ToysReview, 87
Said, Edward W., 110n84
Sales, Nancy Jo, 145n313
Sasakiasahi, 28, 112n92, 112n92
Schaefer, Mark, 135n246
Schilling, Dave, 121n151
Schmidt, Samantha, 146n317
Schoenhoff, Stephanie, 106n47
Second order intimacy, 9
Senft, Theresa M., 106n48, 108n64
Shadow economies
bot followers & account purges, 79–80
products and services, 78
Shenzhen, 73
Shontell, Alyson, 124n174–175
Shortline Dental, 119n145
Sichuan, 30
Silverman, Matt, 124n172
Singapore, Singaporean, xviii, 13, 17, 60, 61, 63, 72, 73, 74, 83, 85, 87, 88, 98
Slefo, George, 141n287
Smart Insights, 139n278
Snapchat, 17, 84, 88, 89, 91, 93, 96, 97
Sochocki, Trevor, 116n123, 117n126
Social Blade, 27, 96, 112n90, 112n94, 112n94
Social capital, 33
Social practices and identities, 8
Solis, Brian, 135n249
South Korea, xviii, 14, 23, 29, 36, 83
Sponsor, 85
Spotted and groomed investments, 37, 56–59, 68
commodified childhoods, 59
prime-time television, 56
viral social media posts, 56
Squier, Chem, 110n78
Steel, Catherine Knight, 120n146
Stern, Carly, 142n296
Stories, xix, 6, 38, 64, 81, 88, 93, 96
The Straits Times, 130n217
Structural histories, 3
Subculture, Subcultural, 25, 61, 65, 67
Subversive frivolity, xix
Success Kid, Sammy Griner, 48
Sungha Jung, 29, 30, 36, 114n107, 114n109
Sweden, Swedish, xviii, 14, 64, 85
Switzerland, 21
Tait, Amelia, 145n312
Taiwan, Taiwanese, xviii, 23, 52, 87
Tan, Guan Zhen, 144n304
Tantiangco, Aya, 143n303
Tarento, 2
Tasteful consumption formats, 91
Tay, Samantha, 115n115, 115n118, 117n128
“Technical capital,” 28
Television industry, 6
Television, xviii, 3–10, 17, 38, 42, 56, 60–62, 63, 68, 100
Tham, Chastina, 114n108
TheEllenShow, 128n199–202, 129n203–210, 130n211
TheGacchannel, 28
theofficialsunghajung, 114n113
Theoretical histories, 3
Thet, Nyi Nyi, 144n304
Thomas, Sujin, 136n259
Thompson, Eric C., 106n50, 135n250
Thompson, Rachel, 138n271
Time Magazine, 1
Today (newspaper), 63
Tomi Lahren, The Blaze, 85
The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, 56–57
Tosh Zhang, 60
Traditional celebrities, Internet, 16–18
Traditional media
crowd-puller cameos
“anti-Islam behaviour,” 63
internet-native audiences, 30
“MunahHirziOfficial” (MHO), 61
social media entertainment, 62
YouTube content production, 62
digital audience, 37
eyewitness viral stars
comedic factor, 40
domestic violence and homelessness awareness, 41–42
exotic informants, 41
fame and commerce, 42
financial return, 43
likeability factor, 40
news-reporting strategies and news network circuits, 38
pity factor, 40
social/economic progress, 42
virality cycle, 44
meme personalities
capitalism and cultural industries logic, 45
cultural participants, 44
one-off virality, 44
spotted and groomed investments
commodified childhoods, 59
prime-time television, 56
viral social media posts, 56
value flows, 68
weaponized microcelebrity
attention hacking, 64
Transient format, 4, 14, 16, 38, 39, 41, 43, 47, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94
The Traveling Garden Gnome, xix, 33
Troye Sivan,1
Tsui, Anne, 135n247
Tufeci, Zeynep, 105n41
Turkey, 152
Universal Music Japan, 28, 112n95, 112n95
Vanessa C., 119n144
de Valck, Kristine, 148n333
Vice, 146n318
Vietnam, 22
Viral, Virality
cycle, 44
VisualiveTV, 120n146
Voyeurism, 36
Wallace, Francesca, 143n299
Wallace, Julia, 144n308
The Wall Street Journal, 64–67
Walsh, Ben, 126n184
Wanghong, Zhibo wanghong, 32
Wang, Yuejia, 105n43
Warna, Emily, 139n279
“War of eyeballs,” 90
Weaponized microcelebrity, 37, 64–67
attention hacking, 64
Weibo, 30
Weldon, Elizabeth, 135n247
WhatsApp, 97
Wiener, Anna, 147n323
Wife with a Purpose, 86
Wilner, Sarah J. S., 148n333
Winkler, Rolfe, 133n236
Withfluence, 83
WNEP-TV, 127n194
Wojnicki, Andrea V., 148n333
Xiaoman, 87
Xiaxue, 136n258
Yardi, Sarita, 113n102, 113n103
Yello Digital Marketing, 83
YG Entertainment, 83
Yoyo Cao, 84
Yu, Heather Johnson, 144n305
Zhang, Ge, 116n124
Zhuang, Pinghui, 116n122, 117n125
Zoe Sugg, 1