3 François Vincent Raspail (b. 25 January 1794 in Carpentras, France; d. 7 January 1878 in Arcueil, near Paris). He began his professional career as a self-taught botanist and chemist and later became a nationally renowned hygienist. He wrote the very successful Manuel annuaire de la santé, which was followed by his Histoire naturelle de la santé (1843). Like Mantegazza after him, Raspail reached out to people, especially the lower classes, in highlighting the importance of public health measures for a better life. A supporter of microscopes for the study of tissues, he is considered one of the founders of cell theory (Essai de chimie microscopique, 1830; Nouveau système de chimie organique, 1833) [Editor].