1. Testimony of Dr. Alejandro Cantero Fariña (AGP, HRF T-06308) and Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
2. Luis Mosquera did two paintings: a full-length portrait which hangs in Diego de Leon (one of the earliest centers of Opus Dei in Madrid), and another, a half-portrait, which is in the Galleria di Fumo, in Villa Tevere (the headquarters of Opus Dei in Rome).
1. Testimony of Father José Orlandis (AGP, RHF T-00184).
2. AGP, RHF 21164, p. 1408–1409.
3. AGP, RHF 21165, p. 177.
4. Letter, January 25, 1961, 19.
5. AGP, RHF 21165, pp. 985–986. Dr. Juan Rof Carballo, who attended Father Josemaría Escrivá in Madrid, advised him against making this journey.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Matt 19:27.
9. AGP, RHF 21164, p. 1324.
10. Ibid., 1409.
1. Letter , January 9, 1932, 20.
2. Letter , October 7, 1950, 19.
3. AGP, RHF T-21167, pp. 1323–1324.
4. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-0574).
5. The Apostolic Constitution Provida Mater Ecclesia was dated February 2, 1947. The Decretum Laudis giving canonical approval to Opus Dei was dated February 24.
6. Letter, December 8, 1949, 18.
7. Letter, August 8, 1956, 5.
8. Testimony of Bishop Thomas Muldoon, titular bishop of Fessei, auxiliary bishop of Sydney (AGP, RHF T-04261).
9. Articles of the Postulator, 296 (AGP, RHF 20755, p. 158).
10. Ibid., 297 (AGP, RHF 21503, p. 152). Salvador Bernal, Monsignor Josemaría Escrivá—A Profile of the Founder of Opus Dei (London, 1977), p. 249.
11. Letter, October 7, 1950, 21–22.
12. AGP, RHF 21172, p. 507.
13. This was a statue of Our Lady, not yet restored, which was in the shrine in Molinoviejo at the time. The following year, on the same day and in the same place, the founder once again met with a group of his older sons before a statue of Our Lady, Mother of Fair Love, to undertake the same commitments on maintaining the spirit of Opus Dei in its integrity.
14. Oral testimony of Encarnación Ortega to the author.
15. AGP, RHF, EF 461206-2.
16. AGP, RHF, EF 461216-1.
17. The Forge, no. 221.
18. AGP, RHF 21165.
19. Cf. Meditation, The prayer of the children of God, April 1955. Cf. also AGP, RHF 21165, p. 20.
20. AGP, RHF 21165.
21. AGP, RHF 21503, note 280.
22. The Forge, no. 812.
23. AGP, RHF 21165 and 21171, p. 854. Testimony of Dr. Carlo Faelli (AGP, RHF T-05362).
24. Testimony of Father Fernando Valenciano Polack (AGP, RHF T-05362).
25. Oral testimony of Begoña Alvarez to the author.
26. Oral testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-0792) and Marlies Kücking.
1. Cf. AGP, RHF 20164, p. 862 and AGP, RHF 21167, p. 742.
2. Cf. AGP, RHF 20165, p. 836 and AGP, RHF 21170, p. 462.
3. AGP, RHF 20165, p. 836; AGP, RHF 21165, p. 850 and AGP, RHF 21170, pp. 463–464.
4. Cf. AGP, RHF 21170, p. 463.
5. Ibid.
6. Oral testimony of Lourdes Toranzo to the author.
7. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
8. Ibid.
9. AGP, RHF 20162, p. 1055.
10. AGP, RHF 21171, pp. 1249–1250.
11. Oral testimony of Lourdes Toranzo to the author.
12. AGP, RHF 20760, p. 462.
13. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, RHF T-05837).
14. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
15. AGP, RHF 20163, p. 1025.
16. AGP, RHF 21166, p. 63.
17. The Way, no. 481.
18. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
19. Cf. The Forge, no. 807.
20. AGP, RHF 21166, pp. 59–60.
21. AGP, RHF 20162, p. 598.
22. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, RHF T-06138).
23. Oral testimony of Salvador Suanzes.
1. Ps. 18(19):6.
2. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
3. Ibid.
4. 1984 statistics: provided to the author by Marlies Kücking.
5. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074) citing Cardinal Tedeschini.
6. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
7. Get-together on November 17, 1969 at Colegio Mayor Aralar, Pamplona, Spain.
8. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
12. Ibid.
13. “Women in Social Life and in the Life of the Church,” interview published in Telva (Madrid), February 1, 1968; and in Conversations with Monsignor Escrivá (Sydney: Little Hills Press).
14. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Testimony of Marlies Kücking. Get-together on March 18, 1964 at Castelgandolfo, Italy.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid. Get-together on September 4, 1967 at Villa Tevere.
20. Ibid.
21. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694). Testimony of Marlies Kücking. Get-together on September 14, 1967 at Villa Tevere.
22. Cf. AGP, RHF 21159, p. 926.
23. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
24. Cf. Rafael Gomez Perez, Opus Dei: An Explanation (Madrid: Rialp, 1992), pp. 175–176.
25. Testimony of Marlies Kücking. Get-together on January 13, 1969 in Rome.
26. Cf. AGP, RHF 21159, p. 928.
27. Ibid., p. 936.
28. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
29. Cf. AGP, RHF 20793, pp. 44–45.
30. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
31. Ibid. Get-together on May 1, 1967 in Molinoviejo, Segovia, Spain.
32. Ibid., April 1970.
33. Ibid.
34. Friends of God , no. 171.
35. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, RHF T-05837).
1. Cf. AGP, RHF 21162, p. 700. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, RHF T-04641).
2. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
3. Written narrative of Bishop Javier Echaverria given to the author.
4. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, RHF T-06138).
5. Ibid.
6. Cf. AGP, RHF 21169, p. 71.
7. RHF, EF-480202-1. Request of Monsignor Escrivá to his Holiness Pius XII.
8. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
9. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074) and oral account to the author.
10. Ibid.
11. Intimate Notes , no. 476.
12. Cf. AGP, RHF 21181.
13. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074) and oral account to the author.
14. The Canonical Path of Opus Dei (Princeton, NJ: Scepter), p. 309. AGP, Sezione Giuridica, VI/15611.
15. Cf. AGP, RHF 21171, p. 1295.
16. Get-together with Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, November 28, 1982. Cf. AGP, RHF 21171, p. 1411.
17. Letter to Pope Paul VI from Monsignor Loris Capovilla, prelate of Loreto, May 24, 1978.
18. Cf. AGP, RHF 21171, p. 1424.
19. AGP, RHF 20121, p. 16.
20. Cf. AGP, RHF 20089, p. 37.
21. The Canonical Path of Opus Dei , p. 330, footnote 148.
22. Get-together, October 24, 1966.
23. Oral account of Maria Urrutia to the author.
24. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, RHF T-05362).
25. Get-together, October 24, 1966.
26. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
27. Get-together, June 29, 1969.
28. Get-together, March 27, 1966.
29. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, RHF T-05837) and of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, RHF T-05362).
30. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, RHF T-05837).
31. Ibid.
32. Get-together, July 9, 1967.
1. Cf. AGP, RHF 21162, p. 606 and AGP, RHF 20770, pp. 398–399.
2. Cf. AGP, RHF 21171, p. 1520.
3. Cf. AGP, RHF 21173, p. 1094.
4. Oral account of Fr. José Luis Pastor, to which the author had access.
5. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
6. Ibid.
7. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, RHF T-05362).
8. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
9. Ibid.
10. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, RHF T-04861).
11. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
12. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Letter , December 8, 1976, 17.
13. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, RHF T-06138). Cf. S. Bernal, Monsignor Escrivá—A Profile of the Founder of Opus Dei (London: Scepter, 1977), p. 266
14. Ibid. Cf. AGP, RHF 21165, p. 766.
15. Monsignor Escrivá asked for a short notice to be placed beside each wooden cross. It carries the following text: “His Holiness Pope Pius XII by the Apostolic Brief Cum Societatis of 28th June 1946 graciously deigned to grant an indulgence of 500 days each time this wooden Cross is devoutly kissed or a pious aspiration is said before it.”
16. Meditation, September 11, 1960.
17. Fr. José Luis Soria, quoting Monsignor Escrivá, in Torreta (Madrid), January 5, 1973.
18. Written narrative of Bishop Javier Echevarria given to the author.
19. Oral account of Marlies Kücking to the author.
20. Cf. H. de Azevedo, Uma luz no mundo (Lisbon: Ediçoes Prumo, Lda.), p. 295.
21. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, RHF T-04641).
22. Cf. AGP, RHF 21181, p. 495.
23. Cf. AGP, RHF 20776. Get-together at Altoclaro (Venezuela), August 28, 1974.
24. Cf. testimony of Monsignor Francesco Angelicchio (AGP, RHF T-03322).
25. Cf. testimony of Monsignor Mario Lantini (AGP, RHF T-03339).
26. Cf. testimony of Fr. Pedro Casciaro (AGP, RHF T-04917).
27. Cf. handwritten note of Fr. José Orlandis, Rome, November 13, 1992.
28. Letter of Domingo Diaz-Ambrona to Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Madrid, January 9, 1992.
29. Cf. handwritten note of Fr. Amadeo de Fuenmayor for this book, Rome, December 2, 1992.
30. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902) and of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, RHF T-04861).
31. Cf. The Forge , no. 802.
32. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074) and oral account.
33. Ibid.
34. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
35. Cf. AGP, RHF 21165, p. 924.
36. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
37. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
38. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
39. Cf. AGP, RHF 21165, p. 1925 ff.
40. Cf. AGP, RHF 21171, p. 880 ff.
41. Bishop Javier Echevarria told the author in a conversation in Rome on April 9, 1994: “Don Alvaro did not know anything about what was being plotted against the Work. I once asked him if he had kept quiet because he was bound to silence by his job. But he said no, and that if he had known anything when the plot was in motion, he would have acted on his own account to try to deactivate the scheme, and to defend the Work and our Father.”
42. Cf. AGP, RHF 21165, pp. 195–196.
43. Testimony of Juan Udaondo (AGP, RHF T-03360).
44. Testimony of Juan Masia (AGP, RHF T-05869).
45. Ibid.
46. The position of “Protector” was an honorary title which the Holy See conferred, according to ancient tradition, appointing one to every ecclesiastical institution. This position, which has now disappeared, was held on behalf of Opus Dei by Cardinals Tardini and Tedeschini, among others. After their nomination by the Pope, the institution ‘under protection’ made an express act of obedience to the Protector.
47. Furrow , no. 246.
48. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
49. Testimony of Monsignor Francesco Angelicchio (AGP, RHF T-03322).
50. Ibid.
51. The Forge , no. 797.
52. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, RHF T-06138).
1. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, RHF T-04641).
2. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Account of Bishop Javier Echevarria given to the author.
6. A Man of God—Testimonies on the Founder of Opus Dei (London: Scepter, 1992). Cf. AGP, RHF T-04391.
7. Ibid.
8. Op. cit., Testimony of Bishop Juan Hervas. Cf. AGP, RHF T-04697.
9. *Translator’s note: The Three Kings traditionally bring Christmas gifts in Spain instead of Santa Claus.
10. EF-431226 (Letter of December 26, 1943 to Fr. Jose de Lopera and the monks of El Parral).
11. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
12. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
13. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, RHF T-04641).
14. Cf. The Forge , no. 634.
15. Oral Testimony of Javier Mora-Figueroa.
16. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
17. Ibid.
18. Oral testimony of Carmen Ramos.
19. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, RHF T-05074).
20. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
21. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, RHF T-07902).
22. AGP, RHF 20761, pp. 743–744. AGP, RHF 2077, pp. 26, 56, 188. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, RHF T-06138).
23. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
24. AGP, RHF 20761, p. 712.
25. AGP, RHF 21165, p. 90.
26. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, RHF T-04694).
1. Letter , October 7, 1950, 3. AP, HRF, 20755, p. 279.
2. Letter , January 25, 1951, 4-5. AP, HRF, 20755, p. 280.
3. Letter , January 9, 1932, 10. AP, HRF, 20765.
4. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
5. J. Escrivá, Intimate Notes , no. 1130.
6. AP, HRF, 21171, p. 881.
7. AP, HRF, 20160, p. 894.
8. AP, HRF, 21171, p. 1357.
9. Cf. Intimate Notes , no. 606 (dated February 16, 1932); The Way , no. 933 and The Forge , no. 498. Monsignor Escrivá would never forget that ‘locution,’ that ‘reproach’ from his jealous God. He would often return to it: cf. Intimate Notes , no. 912 (dated January 20, 1933), and no. 1120 (dated January 20, 1934). AP, HRF, 20166, pp. 1231–1232; HRF, 20760, p. 137; Articles of the Postulator , 1222, 370.
10. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
11. The Way , no. 274.
12. John 12:32.
13. Intimate Notes , no. 217 and AP, HRF, 21166, pp. 17–19.
14. Ibid.
15. Intimate Notes , no. 273. (The first part of the Latin quotation is from 2 Samuel 7:9.)
16. Meditation, April 28, 1963.
17. Meditation, November 2, 1958.
18. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
1. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641), Marlies Kücking, and Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
2. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
3. Ibid.
4. Written account of Bishop Javier Echevarria.
5. The Forge , no. 485.
6. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
7. Ibid.
8. Césare Cavalleri and Alvaro del Portillo, Immersed in God (Princeton, NJ: Scepter, 1996), p. 130.
9. AGP, HRF 21164, p. 675.
10. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
11. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
12. AGP, HRF 21170, pp. 208–209; cf. Cavalleri and del Portillo, Immersed in God .
13. Psalm 72: “I was no better than a beast in your sight, yet I was always in your presence; you were holding me by my right hand. You will guide me by your counsel, and so you will lead me to glory.” AGP, HRF 21164, p. 1442.
14. Isaiah 43:1.
15. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
16. Cf. The Forge , no. 1014.
17. Homily, “Passionately Loving the World,” October 8, 1967.
18. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641) and Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
19. Written and oral testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861) and AGP HRF 21161, p. 39.
20. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902) and of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
21. AGP, HRF 20139, p. 9.
22. AGP, HRF 20124, p. 10.
23. AGP, HRF 20127, p. 10.
24. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
25. AGP, HRF 21176, pp. 523–524.
26. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
27. Account of Salvador Suanzes.
28. Oral account of Emilio Muñoz.
29. Oral account of Fr. Ernesto Julia.
30. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
31. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
32. From the Father, Rome, November 1974.
33. Letter of Bishop Javier Echevarria, August 1989.
34. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, HRF T-05837).
35. Ibid.
36. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
37. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
38. AGP, HRF 21165, pp. 147–148.
39. Ibid.
40. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
41. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902) and Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
42. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
43. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
44. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
45. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
46. Letter of the Father to Fr. Florencio Sanchez Bella, Rome, 1964.
47. Discourse of Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Romana, VI, 10, p. 96.
48. AGP, HRF 20761, p. 387.
1. Cf. Letter , March 28, 1973.
2. Letter, February 14, 1974, 13–18.
3. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
4. Account of Dr. Jesus Cagigal (AGP, HRF T-08244 and AGP HRF 21181, pp. 486–487).
5. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
6. Oral account of Fr. Ernesto Julia.
7. Luke 6:19.
8. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
9. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, HRF T-05362) and of Marlies Kücking.
10. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, HRF T-05837).
15. Oral account of Fr. Juan Beascoechea.
16. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
17. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, HRF T-05362).
18. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
19. John 10:14.
20. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
21. Oral account of Carmen Ramos.
22. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1226 and footnote 1394.
23. Articles of the Postulator , 1227.
24. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
25. Ibid.
26. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
27. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
28. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
29. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
30. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
31. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
32. Ibid.
33. Oral account of Maria Rivero.
34. Oral account of Lourdes Toranzo.
35. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
36. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, HRF T-05837).
37. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
38. Testimony of Fr. Ernesto Julia Diaz (AGP, HRF T-06541).
39. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, HRF T-05362).
40. Get-together with Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Noticias .
41. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
42. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
43. Testimony of Helena Serrano (cf. AGP, HRF T-04641).
44. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
45. Ibid.
46. Testimony of Jose Maria Sanabria (AGP, HRF T-06425).
47. Testimonies of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074) and of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
48. Song of Solomon 5:2.
49. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
50. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
51. Testimony of Fr. Ernesto Julia (AGP, HRF T-06541).
52. Oral account of Gloria Toranzo.
1. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
2. Verbal account of Fr. Ernesto Julia. Cf. also Rafael Gomez Perez, Working with Blessed Josemaría (Madrid: Rialp, 1994), pp. 73–74.
3. Ibid.
4. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
5. Ibid.
6. Verbal account to the author by Josefina Ranera.
7. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
8. Ibid.
9. Maria Pilar De Meer, known as “Chus.”
10. Verbal accounts by Palmira Laguens and Marlies Kücking.
11. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
12. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
13. Ibid.
14. Cf. The Way , no. 419.
15. Testimonies of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902), Marlies Kücking, and Msgr. José Luis Illanes (AGP, HRF T-03390).
16. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
17. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
18. Testimonies of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861) and Carmen Sanchez (AGP, HRF T-05132). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 581.
19. Testimony of Carmen Ramos.
20. Ibid.
21. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
22. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
23. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
24. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
25. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
26. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
27. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
28. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
29. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
30. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
31. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
32. AGP, HRF 20750, p. 294 and AGP, HRF 20158, p. 402.
33. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
34. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
35. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
36. AGP, HRF 20147, p. 42.
37. AGP, HRF 20770, p. 664.
38. Testimony of Marlies Kücking. Cf. The Forge , no. 17 and 18. AGP, HRF 20156, p. 136.
39. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
40. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
41. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
42. Cf. Matt. 20:28.
43. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
44. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
45. Ibid.
46. Testimonies of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902) and of Marlies Kücking.
47. Testimonies of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861), Marlies Kücking, Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641), and Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902). AGP, HRF 21156, p. 20.
48. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
49. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902) and Marlies Kücking.
50. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
51. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
52. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902). Verbal account of Begoña Alvarez.
53. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138). Verbal account of Msgr. Javier Echevarria.
54. Catechesis in America , 1974, I, pp. 420–422.
55. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 584 and testimony of Raffaele Tomassetti (AGP, HRF T-03359).
56. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
57. Testimony of Gumersindo Sanchez Fernandez (AGP, HRF T-06199). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 605.
58. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
59. Testimonies of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861) and Gloria Toranzo (AGP, HRF T-08033).
60. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902). Cf. AGP, HRF 21162, pp. 55 and 208–213.
61. AGP, HRF 20760, pp. 638 and 641.
62. Rom. 8:28.
63. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
1. Testimony of Fernando Valenciano (AGP, HRF T-05362).
2. AGP, HRF 21159.
3. The Canonical Path of Opus Dei , Appendix 1, 49, HRF, EF-640815T-2.
4. AGP, HRF 21131, p. 37.
5. AGP, HRF 21123, p. 38.
6. AGP, HRF 21123, p. 9.
7. AGP, HRF 20156, p. 1115.
8. Written testimony of Fr. José Luis Muzquiz (AGP, HRF T-04678).
9. Testimony of Giorgio del Lungo (AGP, HRF T-07700).
10. Testimony of Juan Portavella (AGP, HRF T-7584). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 802.
11. Testimony of Prof. Alberto Ullastres (AGP, HRF T-05409).
12. Testimony of Dr. Laureano Lopez-Rodo (AGP, HRF T-04696).
13. Ibid., and testimony of Rafael Caamaño (AGP, HRF T-05837).
14. Testimony of Gregorio Lopez-Bravo (AGP, HRF T-03214).
15. Ibid., p. 3. Supernumeraries are a majority in Opus Dei. They live in their own homes. They are married or may marry in the future. They have the same vocation as everyone else in the Work, and participate in the apostolates of Opus Dei as far as their family, professional, and social duties permit.
16. Testimony of Vicente Mortes (AGP, HRF T-04203).
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Testimony of Marlies Kücking. Cf. AGP, HRF 21123, p. 35.
20. Ibid.
21. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
22. Testimony of Rafael Caamaño (AGP, HRF T-05837).
23. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
24. AGP, HRF 21156, p. 411.
25. AGP, HRF 21159.
26. AGP, HRF 21159.
27. AGP, HRF 21160.
28. Verbal account given to the author by Bishop Javier Echevarria.
29. Ibid.
30. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
31. Ibid.
32. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
33. Testimony of Irene Rey (AGP, HRF T-05955-3).
34. Written account of Bishop Javier Echevarria given to the author.
35. Testimony of Juan Antonio Cremades (AGP, HRF T-05846).
36. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694). Cf. AGP, HRF 21119, p. 15.
1. Testimony of Marlies Kücking. Cf. The Forge , no. 38.
2. AGP, HRF 20771, p. 540.
3. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
4. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
5. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
6. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861). The Way , no. 171.
7. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
8. Intimate Notes , no. 317, October 11, 1931.
9. AGP, HRF 21156, p. 518. Cf. testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
10. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria.
11. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
12. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
13. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
14. Matt. 20:28.
15. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 993.
16. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
17. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
18. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
19. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
20. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
21. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
22. Notes made by Bishop Javier Echevarria.
23. Ibid., 1964.
24. Ibid., 1970.
25. Ibid., 1972.
26. Ibid. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 732.
1. The Forge , no. 46.
2. The Way , no. 631.
3. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1068.
4. Ibid.
5. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid. Testimony of Carmen Ramos.
10. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
11. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
12. The Way , no. 818.
13. Cf. The Way , no. 178.
14. Ibid., no. 816.
15. Ibid., no. 813.
16. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
17. Testimonies of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641) and of Marlies Kücking.
18. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
22. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Testimonies of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074) and Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
26. Testimony of Ramon Montalat (AGP, HRF T-04690). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1101.
27. Testimonies of Marlies Kücking and of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
28. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
29. Testimonies of Archbishop Julian Herranz and Fr. José Luis Soria (AGP, HRF T-07920). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1072.
30. Articles of the Postulator , 1077. Testimonies of Sister Maria Loyola Larrañaga and Sister Maria Elvira Vergara (AGP, HRF T-04388).
31. Testimony of Fr. Pedro Casciaro (AGP, HRF T-04197). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1092.
32. EF-380419-2 (Letters to his sons in Burgos). Articles of the Postulator , 1075.
33. Ibid., 1076.
34. Ps. 54.
35. Articles of the Postulator , 1078. Testimonies of Fr. Pedro Casciaro (AGP, HRF T-04197) and Fr. Francisco Botella (AGP, HRF T-00159).
36. Articles of the Postulator , 1090. Cf. Testimonies of Fr. Florencio Sanchez (AGP, HRF T-08250) and of Dr. Alejandro Cantero (AGP, HRF T-06308).
37. Testimony of Encarnacion Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
38. Ibid.
39. Cf. Hugo Azevedo, Uma luz no mundo (Lisboa: Ediçoes Prumo, Lda.).
40. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
41. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria.
42. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
43. Testimony of Carmen Ramos.
44. The Way , no. 253.
45. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
46. The Way , no. 251.
47. Verbal account by Maria Jose Monterde to the author.
48. AGP, HRF 21502, note 134 and AGP, HRF 20165, p. 200.
49. Testimony of Dr. Carlo Faelli (AGP, HRF T-15734).
1. Articles of the Postulator , 1034. Cf. Testimonies of Msgr. Javier de Ayala (AGP, HRF T-15712) and Fr. Pedro Casciaro (AGP, HRF T-04197).
2. Articles of the Postulator , 964.
3. Ibid., 977.
4. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, January 9, 1976. AGP, HRF 21165.
5. Articles of the Postulator, 974.
6. Ibid., 975.
7. Ibid., testimony of Don Joaquin Mestre (AGP, HRF T-00181).
8. Testimonies of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694) and of Fr. Florencio Sanchez Bella (AGP, HRF T-08250).
9. Testimony of Fr. Francisco Garcia (AGP, HRF T-06386).
10. Testimony of Jose Miguel Ibañez (AGP, HRF T-07015). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 970.
11. Testimony of Jose Ramon Madurga (AGP, HRF T-05848). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 982.
12. Testimony of Msgr. Amadeo de Fuenmayor (AGP, HRF T-02769). Articles of the Postulator , 1003.
13. Testimony of Jose Antonio Fernandez (AGP, HRF T-06521). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 984.
14. Testimony of Lynden Parry (AGP, HRF T-06521). Articles of the Postulator , 981.
15. Articles of the Postulator, 999.
16. Ibid.
17. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
18. Testimony of Oscar Fernandez (AGP, HRF T-06531). Articles of the Postulator, 972.
19. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
20. Ibid.
21. Account by Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Get-together, Noticias .
22. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
23. Cf. Testimonies of Fr. Francisco Botella (AGP, HRF T-00159), Fr. Ernesto Julia (AGP, HRF T-06541), and of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902). Articles of the Postulator , 969.
24. Testimony of Rosalia Lopez (AGP, HRF T-07918). Articles of the Postulator , 966.
25. Testimony of Aurora Bel (AGP, HRF T-04888). Articles of the Postulator , 967.
26. Verbal account by Mercedes Morado to the author.
27. Testimony of Carlos Sanchez (AGP, HRF T-02853). Articles of the Postulator , 1018.
28. Testimony of Joaquin Esteban (AGP, HRF T-01887). Articles of the Postulator , 1019.
29. Verbal accounts by Mercedes Morado and Gloria Toranzo to the author and testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
30. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
31. This mode of conduct appears in the Intimate Notes at least from 1932.
32. Testimonies of Joaquin Mestre (AGP, HRF T-00181), Fr. Pedro Casciaro (AGP, HRF T-04197), and Fr. José Luis Muzquiz (AGP, HRF T-04678). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1004.
33. Articles of the Postulator, 1014.
34. Testimony of Joaquin Mestre (AGP, HRF T-00181). Articles of the Postulator, 1015.
35. Ibid. Fr. Angel Herrera, lawyer, founder of “ Accion Nacional ,” a political party, and editor of the newspaper El Debate . He was ordained a priest in 1940. He was made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI in 1965.
36. Cf. Césare Cavalleri, Immersed in God, An Interview with Alvaro del Portillo on the Founder of Opus Dei (Princeton, NJ: Scepter, 1996), p. 205.
37. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1017.
38. Testimonies of Maria Luisa Sanchez (AGP, HRF T-05134) and of Fr. Ernesto Julia (AGP, HRF T-06541). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1058.
39. Verbal account of Lourdes Toranzo to the author.
40. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
41. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
42. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1059.
43. Testimony of Florentina Cano (AGP, HRF T-04913). Articles of the Postulator , 1055.
44. Verbal account by Fr. Ernesto Julia.
45. Testimony of Fr. Antonio Linares (AGP, HRF T-04559). Cf. Césare Cavalleri, Immersed in God , p. 83.
46. Testimony of Fr. Rafael Caamaño (AGP, HRF T-05837).
47. Verbal account by Fr. Ernesto Julia.
48. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
49. Testimonies of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861) and Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
50. Witnessed by the author, Barajas Airport, Madrid, 1970.
51. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
52. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
58. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
59. Testimony of Helena Serrano (AGP, HRF T-04641).
55. Testimony of Dr. Kurzio Hruska (AGP, HRF T-15732).
56. Cf. AGP, HRF 21165, pp. 1010–1012. Cf. Césare Cavalleri, Immersed in God , pp. 15–21.
57. Ibid.
58. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
59. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe, No. 12, 3.
60. Testimony of Fr. Joaquin Mestre (AGP, HRF T-00181), Isabel Cipriani (AGP, HRF T-05778), and John Debicki (AGP, HRF T-07591). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 971.
61. Cf. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, HRF T-04861).
62. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, RHF T-05362).
63. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
64. Ibid.
65. Verbal account by Bishop Alvaro del Portillo: AGP, HRF 21164, pp. 1467–1468 and 1491–1492.
66. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
67. Cf. Testimonies of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138) and Salvador Suanzes (AGP, HRF T-06378).
68. AGP, HRF 21164, p. 747.
69. Ibid.
70. Cf. Testimony of Fr. Jose Orlandis (AGP, HRF T-00184). Articles of the Postulator , 985.
71. Articles of the Postulator , 988 and 989.
72. Articles of the Postulator , 991.
73. Articles of the Postulator , 992.
74. Cf. Césare Cavalleri, Immersed in God , pp. 100–105.
75. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria to the author.
76. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
77. Testimony of Msgr. César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
78. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria to the author.
82. Cf. Testimony of Dr. Alejandro Cantero (AGP, HRF T-06308) and Articles of the Postulator , 1024.
83. Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 1027.
84. AGP, HRF 21164, p. 750 (90).
85. AGP, HRF 21164, p. 752.
1. This chapter could only have been written with the help of someone who had lived closely with Monsignor Escrivá. The author is grateful to Monsignor Javier Echevarria for his accounts, both written and taped, and also for generously taking the time to recall events and put them into writing in reply to demanding questions from the author. Thanks to his help, it has been possible to reconstruct nine stretches of time, unpublished until now, in the life of Monsignor Escrivá: the nine summers from 1965 to 1973.
2. Monsignor Escrivá never wished to hear the confessions of people of the Work, “so as not to tie my hands,” as he said. By this he meant that the sacramental seal of confession would have reduced his freedom to express himself when directing Opus Dei, when preaching, when giving indications for governing, etc., when the decisions affected those whose inner lives he had heard about in confession.
3. Following the same criterion as the founder, priests who occupy positions of government in the Work do not normally hear the confessions of those directly subject to their authority.
4. Monsignor Alvaro del Portillo said in an interview with Césare Cavalleri (op. cit.): “He never stayed in bed beyond the prescribed time, and never took a siesta” (p. 36). “He never had any use for the siesta; in fact, he directed that people of the Work should not sleep in the early afternoon, except on doctor’s orders” (p. 41).
5. Monsignor Alvaro del Portillo, Letter , November 28, 1982, 28. See Chapter 6.
6. Pope Paul VI, Homily in Fatima (Portugal), May 13, 1967.
7. Cf. Josemaría Escrivá, Holy Rosary (Scepter Publishers, 2003).
8. In 1950 the Holy See granted Monsignor Escrivá—as founder of Opus Dei—the faculty to change the statutes of the Work to adapt them to the needs arising in the practical life of the institution.
9. Oral account of Maria Jose Monterde to the author.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Testimony of Fr. Fernando Valenciano (AGP, RHF T-05362).
16. Is. 58:1.
17. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP, RHF T-04861), to whom Monsignor Escrivá related this in Rome.
18. Pope Paul VI, Address, June 20, 1973.
1. Josemaría Escrivá, Loyalty to the Church , Homily, June 4, 1972.
2. Testimonies of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074), Begoña Alvarez (AGP HRF T-04861), Marlies Kücking, and Mercedes Morado (AGP HRF T-07902).
3. AGP, HRF 21158, pp. 216–217. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP HRF T-04861).
4. Testimony of Miguel Angel Madurga (AGP, HRF T-03340). Cf. Articles of the Postulator , 643.
5. Josemaría Escrivá, Letters , January 9, 1932, October 20 and 24, 1965, 73.
6. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo speaking in a get-together, AGP, HRF 21165, p. 852.
7. AGP, HRF 20577, pp. 47–55. Articles of the Postulator , 647.
8. A get-together with ISSA students. AGP, HRF 21154, p. 86.
9. AGP, HRF 20057, p. 65.
10. Articles of the Postulator, 209.
11. AGP, HRF, EF-620712-1.
12. Testimony of Francesco Angelicchio (AGP, HRF T-3322).
13. AGP, HRF, 21075, pp. 18–19; 20162, pp. 385–386.
14. AGP, HRF, 21503, Note 266. Op. cit. Conversations , 46. Interview with Jacques Guillaume-Brulon, in Le Figaro , Paris, April 16, 1966. Also in Conversations , 22. Interview with Pedro Rodriguez in Palabra , Madrid, October 1967. Cf. Opus Dei , Peter Berglar, p. 246, and Ana Sastre, Tiempo de Caminar (Madrid: Rialp, 1989), p. 457.
15. Testimony of Carmen Mazzucchelli, Countess of Ruidoms (AGP, HRF T-05052).
16. AGP, HRF, EF-620712-1.
17. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
18. Testimony of Monsignor César Ortiz-Echagüe (AGP, HRF T-04694).
19. AGP, HRF 20115, p. 47.
20. Josemaría Escrivá, Letter , May 25, 1962, 33–35.
21. Ibid., 26.
22. Monsignor Escrivá wrote a long, detailed letter to Cardinal Dell’Acqua, acting secretary of state, asking once again for an appropriate canonical form for Opus Dei. The letter was written in Paris and dated August 15, 1964. HRF, EF-640815 T-2.
23. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria to the author.
24. Someone imaginatively attributed to Fr. Arrupe the remark: “Yes, they say the founder of Opus Dei lives in Rome,” meaning he had not seen him personally. In 1965 Fr. Arrupe was elected father general of the Society of Jesus. From that time until 1970, twelve long meetings took place between the two men, most of them over lunch: in Villa Tevere, September 12, 1965; December 8, 1965; December 22, 1966; February 28, 1968; and March 27, 1969. In Borgo Santo Spirito, October 10, 1965; January 28, 1966; November 23, 1966; November 11, 1967; December 14, 1968; January 19, 1970; and March 16, 1970.
25. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria to the author.
26. Josemaría Escrivá, Letter , February 14, 1964.
27. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
28. AGP, HRF 21503.
29. AGP, HRF 21144, p. 73.
30. Testimony of Bishop Enrique Pelach i Peliu (AGP, HRF T-07678).
31. Op.cit., among others: Cardinal J. Frings, Für die Menschen bestellt , Erinnerungen des Alterzbischofs von Köln, J.P. Bachem Berlag, Köln, 1973, pp. 149–150; Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, Avvenire , Milan, July 26, 1975; Cardinal Sergio Pignedoli, Il Veltro , Rome XIX (1975), 3–4; Cardinal Marcelo Gonzalez Martin, Los domingos de ABC , Madrid, August 24, 1975; Cardinal Franz König, Corriere della Sera , Milan, November 9, 1975; Cardinal Mario Casariego, homily given in the church of Montealegre, Barcelona, and reproduced in L’Osservatore Romano , Vatican City, July 14–15, 1975; Cardinal Poletti, “Decree of Introduction for the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer,” Introductory Decree, Rivista Diocesana di Roma , March–April, 1981.
32. Articles of the Postulator , 217.
33. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP HRF T-04861). Testimonies of Marlies Kücking and Mercedes Morado (AGP HRF T-07902).
34. Testimonies of Marlies Kücking and Mercedes Morado (AGP HRF T-07902).
35. AGP, HRF 21162.
36. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
37. AGP, HRF 21164, March 28.
38. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Letter , June 29, 1975, p. 35. Written account by Bishop Javier Echevarria to the author.
39. Testimony of Carmen Ramos.
40. AGP, HRF 21166, pp. 155–159.
41. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP HRF T-04861).
42. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
43. Testimonies of Mercedes Morado (AGP HRF T-07902) and Marlies Kücking. Cf. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
44. Testimony of Begoña Alvarez (AGP HRF T-04861).
45. Ibid.
46. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
1. Verbal account of Fr. Severino Monzo to the author. Cf. HRF T-07823.
2. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
3. AGP, HRF 21156, pp. 51–52.
4. Testimony of Encarnación Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
5. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
6. Verbal account by Prof. José Luis Illanes to the author. Testimony of Encarnacion Ortega (AGP, HRF T-05074).
7. Testimony of Marlies Kücking.
8. AGP, HRF 21175, pp. 523–534.
9. AGP, HRF 21157, pp. 1092–1094.
10. Testimony of Maria del Carmen Otal, Baroness of Valdolivos (AGP, HRF T-05080).
11. Testimony of Mercedes Morado (AGP, HRF T-07902).
12. Articles of the Postulator , 992.
13. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, Letter , September 30, 1975, 36.
14. Articles of the Postulator , 989.
15. Testimony of Carmen Ramos.
16. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, cf. AGP, HRF, 21165, pp. 36–37 and 39. cf. testimony of Marlies Kücking.
17. Testimony of Carmen Ramos.
18. Verbal account by Fr. Ernesto Julia.
19. Bishop Alvaro del Portillo, AGP, HRF 2115, p. 37.
20. AGP, HRF 21164, pp. 673–674.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. AGP, HRF 20166, p. 213.
24. Testimony of Fr. Carlos Cardona (AGP, HRF T-06138).
25. Cf. Césare Cavalleri, Immersed in God , p. 198.
26. The author heard this said by Fr. José Luis Soria in El Brezo (Palencia), in August 1975.
27. Verbal account by Marlies Kücking to the author.
28. According to the account of Bishop Alvaro del Portillo to Césare Cavalleri ( Immersed in God ), Archbishop Benelli, representing Paul VI, Cardinals Wright, Ottaviani, Rossi, Seper, Baggio, Garrone, Philippe, Oddi, Guerri, Palazzini, Traglia, Violardo, Casariego, and Carboni, among others were present at the lying in state. He also mentioned Archbishop Travia and the Polish Bishop Deskur. Some of these and Cardinals Fürstenberg and Aponte, “as well as many other bishops, prelates, priests, and superiors of the different orders and congregations” attended the Requiem Mass celebrated in the Church of St. Eugene in Rome on June 28. The Father general of the Society of Jesus and “many nuns and religious, some of whom had relations in the Work, were among those at the funeral.”
29. Rom. 10:15.
30. Ps. 18:6.
31. Ibid.